CN110907247A - Preparation method of unconventional natural gas well fracturing physical simulation sample - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of an unconventional natural gas well fracturing physical simulation sample, which comprises the following steps: 1. determining the uniaxial compressive strength and tensile strength of the reservoir shale test piece, and selecting cement meeting the strength grade requirement; 2. placing two sandstone sheets on two sides of a concrete mould, and pouring the mixture of the stirred cement, quartz sand, stones and water between the two sandstone sheets; 3. maintaining and forming, then removing the die to obtain a simulated multi-layer sample, and carrying out a bedding surface shear strength test on the sample to determine the shear strength; 4. and drilling a simulation borehole on the center of the sandstone sheet, and cementing the simulation borehole to obtain the multilayer sample with the simulation borehole. The preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages that the similar materials are prepared and combined with the natural sandstone to prepare the unconventional natural gas well fracturing physical simulation sample, the fracturing test piece which is more in line with the unconventional natural gas containing condition is prepared, and the expansion mechanism of the fracture in the direction vertical to the bedding direction in the unconventional natural gas well fracturing process is favorably and deeply researched.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rock sample preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an unconventional natural gas well fracturing physical simulation sample, which is suitable for fracturing physical simulation of dense gas and shale gas in unconventional natural gas.
Background
At present, unconventional natural gas resources which are explored and developed and utilized in China mainly comprise dense gas, shale gas, coal bed gas and the like, and are mainly distributed in gas-containing basins such as Ordos, Sichuan, Songliao, Bohai Bay, Erzengal, Qinqui water and the like on land. The unconventional natural gas in China has a resource basis for scale development, the exploration result is obvious, and important progress is made in development. In the last decade, unconventional natural gas exploration reserves are rapidly increased, and in the accumulated natural gas exploration geological reserves, the unconventional natural gas accounts for about 41 percent and is in an increasing trend year by year. In 2018, the yield of unconventional natural gas is about 507 hundred million, which accounts for about 32% of total 1603 hundred million of national natural gas yield; wherein, the dense gas is 345 million square, the shale gas is 108 million square, and the coal bed gas is 54 million square.
In the process of multi-producing zone combined fracturing exploitation, the vertical extension range of the hydraulic fracturing fracture is one of factors needing to be considered in the fracturing design, influences the efficiency of the hydraulic fracturing to a certain extent and determines the success or failure of the fracturing operation. The true triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulation experiment is carried out on the stratified medium in a laboratory, and the method is an important means for knowing the vertical stratum-crossing expansion rule of the hydraulic fracturing fracture and efficiently developing unconventional resources. At present, if a layered sample prepared from a natural sedimentary rock sample is used for an indoor experiment, the bedding development of the layered sample is realized, various sedimentary layers are distributed in a staggered mode, the physical property difference is large, the bedding surface is difficult to control, the factors influencing crack propagation are more, the crack propagation mechanism is difficult to master, and the discreteness of the experimental result is large. Therefore, experimental variable comparison research cannot be realized by adopting the conventional sample preparation method, and the crack crossing and spreading rule is difficult to master.
The invention patent with application publication number CN105334090A discloses a preparation method of a fracturing object model sample of a coal-containing stratum group, which has the following defects: the physical model sample is taken from outcrop rocks with mechanical properties similar to those of rocks in the region of a simulated stratum, and the outcrop rocks are characterized by high weathering degree, joint crack development and high water sensitivity clay mineral content, however, a rock thin plate with high strength and no crack development is selected when a simulated borehole is drilled, and the method for taking the outcrop rocks cannot achieve the effect of prefabricating the borehole; the method comprises the following steps that a wrapping layer is required to be selected to carry out external pouring on a coal-bearing stratum assembly to form a fracturing object model sample of the coal-bearing stratum assembly, the material of the wrapping layer is selected to be similar to that of all materials, but the middle layer is a rock thin plate, coal rock thin plates are respectively cemented on two sides, the physical property difference between rock and coal rock is large, and the property of the wrapping layer is difficult to determine; because the strength difference between the middle layer rock sheet and the coal rock sheets at two sides is large, stress concentration is easily caused in the true triaxial fracturing process, and the accuracy and reliability of a simulation experiment result are seriously influenced; the fracturing object model test sample of the coal-bearing stratum group is a cube, the side length of the cube is 400-440mm, the size of the test sample is large, the weight of the test sample is heavy, and the test sample is difficult to move and carry out indoor fracturing experiments.
The invention patent with application publication number CN110388201A discloses a method for manufacturing an artificial rock sample for simulating the real form of a hydraulic fracturing fracture, which is mainly used for manufacturing the rock sample which has consistent mineral components with reservoir rock and real and uniform surface roughness, and has the defects that the characteristics of a multiple-layer sample are not fully reflected and the fracture surface roughness is uncontrollable.
The invention with application publication number CN109162709A discloses a preparation method and application of a hole type carbonate reservoir physical simulation sample, which focuses on manufacturing simulation holes and researches the influence of the holes on hydraulic fracture expansion and extension under the hydraulic fracturing experiment condition, but does not research the influence of bedding planes in a multiple-layer sample on fracture cross-layer expansion.
The invention patent with application publication number CN103883302A discloses a method for manufacturing a coal bed gas well hydraulic fracturing physical simulation test piece, which is mainly used for researching the influence of the rock mechanical property of a top bottom plate on hydraulic fracturing fracture extension, and has the defect that the influence of the surface form of the top bottom plate on the fracture extension is not considered, namely the roughness of a bedding surface of the top bottom plate is not controllable.
Therefore, a more reasonable preparation method of the unconventional natural gas well fracturing physical simulation sample needs to be designed, so that the hydraulic fracture crossing and propagation rule in the direction perpendicular to the bedding direction can be conveniently researched, and technical support is provided for further researching the unconventional natural gas reservoir bedding development or the fracturing of a multilayer natural gas reservoir well.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of an unconventional natural gas well fracturing physical simulation sample, which aims to: the fracturing test piece which is more accordant with the unconventional natural gas containing condition is prepared by combining the indoor prepared similar material and the natural sandstone and applying the principle of similarity to the physical property of the original shale, so that the method is favorable for further researching the expansion mechanism of the crack in the fracturing process of the unconventional natural gas well along the direction vertical to the bedding direction and is favorable for analyzing the influence of the fracturing operation on exploitation of the unconventional natural gas reservoir.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of an unconventional natural gas well fracturing physical simulation sample comprises the following steps in sequence:
the method comprises the following steps: because the object simulated by the middle-layer artificial core is reservoir shale, the uniaxial compressive strength and the tensile strength of a reservoir shale test piece are determined by utilizing a uniaxial compressive strength experiment and a Brazilian splitting experiment, and then cement meeting the strength grade requirement is selected.
Step two: processing sandstone into two cuboid sheets with the same size by using a water cutting technology, placing the cuboid sheets on two sides of a steel concrete mould, and pouring a mixture of stirred cement, quartz sand, stones and water between the two sandstone sheets; the mass ratio of the cement to the quartz sand to the pebbles is 1.0: 2.5-3.5: 4.0-5.0, and the water-cement ratio is 0.4-0.6.
Step three: and (3) removing the mould after the middle layer concrete is cured and formed, so as to obtain a simulated multiple layer sample with the middle layer as the artificial rock core, wherein the bedding surface of the simulated multiple layer sample is the contact surface between the cuboid sandstone sheet and the artificial rock core.
And then, carrying out a bedding surface shear strength test on the simulation multilayer sample to determine the shear strength of the simulation multilayer sample.
Step four: and drilling a simulated borehole in the center of the sandstone sheet, and cementing the simulated borehole in the simulated borehole to obtain the multilayer sample with the simulated borehole.
Preferably in the above scheme, the reservoir shale test piece is a cylinder with a size of
And
in the above embodiment, it is preferable that the cement is portland cement, the strength grade is 62.5R, the mass ratio of the cement, the quartz sand and the stone is 1.0: 3.0: 4.5, and the water cement ratio is 0.5. The granularity of the quartz sand is 80-120 meshes, and the granularity of the stones is 4-6 meshes.
In the above scheme, it is preferable that the size of the rectangular sandstone sheet is 100mm × 300mm × 300mm, and it is preferable that the bedding surface of the simulated multi-layer sample is a contact surface between the rectangular sandstone sheet and the artificial core, and the bedding surface is not a smooth plane but a rough surface, and is processed by a water cutting technology. The inner dimensions of the steel concrete mould are 300mm x 300 mm.
In the scheme, the granularity of the quartz sand is preferably 80-120 meshes, and the granularity of the stones is preferably 4-6 meshes.
In the scheme, the stirring is preferably performed for 10 to 15 minutes by using a quartz sand stirrer.
In the above-mentioned embodiment, it is preferable that the concrete is cured under standard curing conditions (20 degrees centigrade in air with a relative humidity of 90% or more in 1d, and 20 degrees centigrade in water after 1 d) for 28 days.
Preferably, in the above scheme, the shear test is a restrictive shear test.
Preferably, in the fourth step, a simulated borehole is drilled at the center of the wide face of the sandstone sheet.
In the above scheme, the simulated borehole preferably has a diameter of 12mm and a length of 160 mm and 180 mm.
In the above scheme, it is preferable that the simulated wellbore has an inner diameter of 6mm, an outer diameter of 8mm, and a length of 300-330 mm.
In the above scheme, it is preferable that the reserved open hole section at the lower end of the simulated borehole is 30-50mm, and the reserved unconsolidated simulated borehole at the upper end of the simulated borehole is 170-200 mm.
Preferably, in the fourth step, the simulated wellbore is cemented in the simulated wellbore by using AB silica gel, and the cementing time is 8-10 h.
Compared with the prior art, the sample preparation method provided by the invention has the following advantages:
1. factors such as natural shale bedding direction, density and shear strength have a large influence on fracture cross-layer extension, and due to the structural homogeneity of the artificial rock core, bedding surface research factors of the artificial rock core are controllable, so that the influence of other factors on fracture cross-layer extension can be avoided.
2. The sandstone thin plate can be processed by a water cutting technology, so that the form and the angle of the bedding surface can be manually controlled, and the influence of the form and the angle of the bedding surface on the crack extension can be conveniently researched.
3. The artificial rock core is cast concrete, the strength of the artificial rock core can be controlled by changing the concrete aggregate proportion, the water cement ratio and the like, and the influence of different-strength artificial rock cores and different-shear-strength bedding surfaces on crack extension can be conveniently researched.
4. The invention has simple structure and strong operability, can be used for experiments only by pouring concrete in the middle layer and removing the mould, and does not need cementing materials to cement the contact surface of the artificial rock core and the sandstone thin plate.
The unconventional natural gas resources mainly comprise dense gas, shale gas, coal bed gas and the like.
The method can well research the rule of fracture cross-layer extension in the hydraulic fracturing process of the unconventional natural gas well, simultaneously avoids the influence of a large number of joint fractures in the shale reservoir on the hydraulic fracturing fracture cross-layer extension, and is beneficial to analyzing the influence of hydraulic fracturing operation on the exploitation of the unconventional natural gas reservoir.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
The figures are labeled as follows: 1-sandstone sheet, 2-artificial rock core, 3-bedding surface, 4-simulated shaft and 5-open hole section.
Detailed Description
In order that the invention may be further understood, the invention will now be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
The method comprises the following steps: because the simulated object of the middle layer artificial rock core 2 is reservoir shale, firstly, a reservoir shale test piece is drilled from the reservoir shale, the reservoir shale test piece is a cylinder and has the size of
And
and then determining the uniaxial compressive strength and the tensile strength of the reservoir shale test piece by utilizing a uniaxial compressive strength experiment and a Brazilian splitting experiment, and then selecting the cement meeting the strength grade requirement. In this example, the cement is portland cement and the strength grade is 62.5R.
Step two: processing sandstone into two cuboid sandstone sheets 1 with the same size by adopting a hydraulic cutting method, placing the cuboid sandstone sheets on two sides of a steel concrete mould, pouring a mixture of stirred cement, quartz sand, stones and water between the two sandstone sheets 1, and manufacturing an artificial core 2.
Step three: and (3) after the artificial rock core 2 in the middle layer is cured and molded, removing the mold to obtain a simulated multiple-layered sample with the middle layer as the artificial rock core 2, and referring to fig. 1, wherein the bedding surface 3 of the simulated multiple-layered sample is a contact surface between the cuboid sandstone sheet and the artificial rock core. And (4) carrying out a bedding surface 3 shear strength test on the simulation multilayer sample to determine the shear strength.
Step four: a simulation borehole is drilled at the center of the sandstone thin plate 1, penetrates through the sandstone thin plate 1 to the artificial core 2, a simulation borehole 4 is cemented in the simulation borehole, and a naked eye section 5 with a certain size is reserved.
In this embodiment, the mass ratio of the cement, the quartz sand, and the gravel in the second step is 1.0: 3.0: 4.5, and the water-cement ratio is 0.5. The granularity of the quartz sand is 100 meshes, and the granularity of the stone is 4 meshes. Stirring was carried out with a quartz sand stirrer for 15 minutes.
In the second step, the size of the cuboid sandstone sheet 1 is 100mm × 300mm × 300mm, preferably, the bedding surface 3 of the simulation multiple layer sample is a contact surface between the cuboid sandstone sheet 1 and the artificial core 2, and the bedding surface 3 is not a smooth plane but a rough surface and is processed by a water cutting technology. The inner dimensions of the steel concrete mould are 300mm x 300 mm.
In the third step, the maintenance of the artificial rock core 2 is carried out for 28 days under standard maintenance conditions. The standard curing strip is in air with the temperature of 20 ℃ and the relative humidity of more than 90% within 1d and in water with the temperature of 20 ℃ after 1 d.
The shear test is a restrictive shear test.
In the fourth step, a simulated borehole is drilled at the center of the wide surface of the sandstone sheet 1. The simulated wellbore was 12mm in diameter and 170mm in length. The simulated wellbore 4 has an inner diameter of 6mm, an outer diameter of 8mm and a length of 330 mm. The reserved open hole section 5 at the lower end of the simulated borehole is 40mm, and the reserved uncombined simulated borehole 4 at the upper end of the simulated borehole is 200 mm.
And in the fourth step, the simulated wellbore 4 is cemented in the simulated wellbore by using AB silica gel, and the cementing time is 8 hours.
A large-size true triaxial simulation test system is adopted in the fracturing experiment. In simulating horizontal well fracturing to recover unconventional natural gas, see FIG. 1, overburden pressure (σ)v) Maximum horizontal ground stress (σ) applied in a direction perpendicular to the bedding plane 3H) And minimum level ground stress (σ)h) Respectively, in a direction parallel to the bedding plane 3. In order to facilitate observation of the geometrical shape of hydraulic fracture expansion after the fracturing experiment is finished, a certain amount of fluorescent powder is added into the fracturing fluid to be used as a fracture tracer, so that a good fracture monitoring effect is obtained.
The simulation test piece prepared by the method can be used for researching the fracture crossing and extending rule in the hydraulic fracturing process of the unconventional natural gas well, simultaneously avoids the influence of a large number of joint fractures in the shale reservoir on the hydraulic fracturing fracture crossing and extending, and is beneficial to analyzing the influence of the hydraulic fracturing operation on unconventional natural gas exploitation.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the unconventional physical simulation sample for fracturing of the natural gas well is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: determining uniaxial compressive strength and tensile strength of the reservoir shale test piece through experiments, and selecting cement meeting strength grade requirements;
step two: placing two sandstone sheets on two sides of a concrete mould, and pouring the mixture of the stirred cement, quartz sand, stones and water between the two sandstone sheets; the mass ratio of the cement to the quartz sand to the pebbles is 1.0: 2.5-3.5: 4.0-5.0, and the water-cement ratio is 0.4-0.6;
step three: removing the mold after the middle layer concrete is cured and molded to obtain a simulated multiple layer sample with the middle layer being the artificial rock core, wherein the bedding surface of the simulated multiple layer sample is the contact surface between the cuboid sandstone sheet and the artificial rock core; carrying out a bedding surface shear strength test on the simulated multilayer sample to determine the shear strength;
step four: and drilling a simulated borehole in the center of the sandstone sheet, and cementing the simulated borehole in the simulated borehole to obtain the multilayer sample with the simulated borehole.
2. The method for preparing the unconventional physical simulation sample for fracturing of the natural gas well as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reservoir shale test piece is a cylinder with the size of being the same as that of the cylinder
And
the sandstone sheets are cuboid sheets with the same size, and the size is 100mm multiplied by 300 mm; the inner dimension of the steel concrete mould is 300mm multiplied by 300 mm.
3. The preparation method of the unconventional physical simulation sample for fracturing of the natural gas well as defined in claim 1, wherein the cement is portland cement, the cement with the strength grade of 62.5R is selected according to physical properties of reservoir shale, the mass ratio of the cement to quartz sand to the gravel is 1.0: 3.0: 4.5, the water-cement ratio is 0.5, the granularity of the quartz sand is 80-120 meshes, and the granularity of the gravel is 4-6 meshes.
4. The method for preparing the unconventional gas well fracturing physical simulation sample according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein in the second step, the stirring time is 10-15 minutes, and the concrete curing is performed for 28 days under standard curing conditions.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the physical surface of the simulated multi-layer sample is a rough surface that is formed by water cutting techniques.
6. The method for preparing the unconventional natural gas well fracturing physical simulation sample according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of determining the uniaxial compressive strength and the tensile strength of the reservoir shale test piece by using a uniaxial compressive strength experiment and a Brazilian splitting experiment; in the third step, the shearing experiment is a restrictive shearing experiment.
7. The method for preparing the unconventional physical simulation sample for gas well fracturing as recited in claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, a simulation borehole is drilled at the center of the wide surface of the sandstone sheet.
8. The method for preparing the unconventional physical simulation sample for fracturing of the natural gas well as recited in claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the diameter of the simulation borehole is 12mm, and the length of the simulation borehole is 160-180 mm; the inner diameter of the simulated wellbore is 6mm, the outer diameter of the simulated wellbore is 8mm, and the length of the simulated wellbore is 300-330 mm.
9. The method for preparing the unconventional physical simulation sample for fracturing of the natural gas well as recited in claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the reserved open hole section at the lower end of the simulation borehole is 30-50mm, and the reserved unconsolidated simulation borehole at the upper end of the simulation borehole is 170-200 mm.
10. The method for preparing the unconventional physical simulation sample for gas well fracturing as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, AB silica gel is used to fix the simulated wellbore in the simulated wellbore, and the fixing time is 8-10 h.
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| CN112033812A (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2020-12-04 | 成都北方石油勘探开发技术有限公司 | Method and system for testing shear-swelling flow conductivity of hydraulic shear fracturing |
| CN112943233A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-06-11 | 重庆大学 | Method for simulating proppant transmission under reservoir conditions |
| CN112943199A (en) * | 2021-03-19 | 2021-06-11 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Method for manufacturing hydraulic fracturing physical model sample |
| CN113218770A (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2021-08-06 | 西南石油大学 | Multi-lithology fracturing crack test method |
| CN113281182A (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2021-08-20 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Multi-means integrated fracture quantitative evaluation method |
| CN113624583A (en) * | 2021-08-02 | 2021-11-09 | 中海石油(中国)有限公司 | Experimental device for loose sandstone sample preparation and fracturing simulation integration |
| CN113984486A (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2022-01-28 | 中海石油(中国)有限公司 | Preparation method of loose sandstone fractured rock sample with preset open hole |
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| CN112943233A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-06-11 | 重庆大学 | Method for simulating proppant transmission under reservoir conditions |
| CN112943233B (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2023-10-20 | 重庆大学 | Method for simulating proppant transport under reservoir conditions |
| CN113281182A (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2021-08-20 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Multi-means integrated fracture quantitative evaluation method |
| CN113624583A (en) * | 2021-08-02 | 2021-11-09 | 中海石油(中国)有限公司 | Experimental device for loose sandstone sample preparation and fracturing simulation integration |
| CN113624583B (en) * | 2021-08-02 | 2023-10-20 | 中海石油(中国)有限公司 | Experimental device for loose sandstone sample preparation and fracturing simulation integration |
| CN113984486A (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2022-01-28 | 中海石油(中国)有限公司 | Preparation method of loose sandstone fractured rock sample with preset open hole |
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