CN105334090A - Manufacturing method of coal-bearing production layer set fracturing physical modeling samples - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of coal-bearing production layer set fracturing physical modeling samples Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a manufacturing method of coal-bearing production layer set fracturing physical modeling samples. The method successively comprises the following steps of analyzing features of a coal-bearing production layer set needing to be simulated, selecting coal and rock for preparing the physical modeling samples, and processing the exposed coal and rock into cubic sheets of the same size according to the lithologic features of the samples in the coal-bearing production layer set; drilling simulation well holes in the rock sheets, and fixedly sticking simulation well shafts into the simulation well holes; using the rock sheets to which the simulation well shafts are fixedly stuck as a middle layer, and fixedly sticking coal sheets to the two sides of the rock sheets to form a coal-bearing production layer assembly; selecting a wrapping layer for conducting external pouring on the coal-bearing production layer assembly to form the coal-bearing production layer set fracturing physical modeling samples. The preparation method can simulate layering samples of different lithologic assemblies of the coal-bearing production layer set, and compared with artificial layering samples, coal and rock cleating, natural crack, hydraulic crack and other rock physical properties of a true storage layer can be more accurately simulated.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to rock sample preparing technical field, be specifically related to a kind of preparation method containing coal payzone group pressure break thing mould sample.
Background technology
The coal bed gas field of China based on Ordos Basin is extensively dispersed with containing the coal-seam gas of coal measures, tight gas and shale gas, and tolerance is enriched, and potentiality to be exploited is huge.Because the variation in thickness in coal seam is large, the number of plies is many, shale gas, tight gas that interlayer is grown have to become to hide continuously with coal-seam gas, the feature that coexists in district, do not reach the condition of mechanical delamination pressure break, are therefore difficult to independent exploiting coal bed methane." 13 " propose the shale gas of coal-seam gas and periphery and tight gas combines to exploit, and namely three gas conjunctions are adopted, enforcement sliding sleeve continuous multilayer waterfrac treatment renovation technique, and then the unconventional resource of comprehensive exploitation.
In multilayered reservoir combination fracturing recovery process, the vertical spreading range of hydraulic fracture is one of factor needing emphasis to consider in FRACTURING DESIGN, and it affects the efficiency of waterfrac treatment to a certain extent, also determine the success or failure of frac job.By carrying out true triaxial waterfrac treatment simulated experiment to stratified medium in laboratory, it is the vertical important means of wearing layer propagation law and the unconventional resource of Efficient Development of understanding hydraulic fracture.At present, the layering sample prepared in laboratory adopts the artificial cores such as concrete to process usually, but adopt the layering sample prepared in this way there is notable difference compared with the actual reservoir of underground, in addition there is a great difference in its mechanical property compared with natural rock sample, also a great difference is there is in the natural fracture character of manual simulation compared with true core, therefore, current method is adopted can not to reflect the true physical property situation of rock.
Application publication number is the preparation method that the patent of invention of CN104034563A discloses a kind of joint property shale artificial cores, this artificial cores adopts cement and silica sand simulation laminated slate, by adding oatmeal and a scrap of paper simulation natural fracture, by the proportioning simulation interlayer difference of different component between coating lubricating oil between the layers and modification layer.This type of adopts the method for concrete sample simulation layering sample effectively can not simulate the natural fracture character of growing in rock stratum, as coal seam hugger or shale bedding, more can not simulate the interlayer physical difference of layering sample exactly.
Summary of the invention
For solving problems of the prior art, the invention provides a kind of preparation method containing coal payzone group pressure break thing mould sample, its object is to: utilize natural rock to prepare containing coal payzone group pressure break thing mould sample, to simulate the interlayer physical difference of multilayered medium better, reflect the character of the characteristic sum rock mechanics of natural fracture in each rock stratum truly.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of preparation method containing coal payzone group pressure break thing mould sample, and it comprises the following steps according to sequencing:
Step one: analyze the feature containing coal payzone group that will simulate, selects coal petrography and the rock of prepared product mould sample, according to the rock signature of reality containing each rock sample in coal payzone group, the coal petrography of appearing and rock is processed into measure-alike rectangular parallelepiped thin plate;
Step 2: drill through simulation well on rock thin plate, and at simulation well intraocular cementation wellbore hole simulator;
Step 3: the rock thin plate of wellbore hole simulator is as middle layer using cementation, and in the both sides of rock thin plate cementation coal petrography thin plate respectively, formed containing coal payzone assembly;
Step 4: selecting integument to build carrying out outside containing coal payzone assembly, being formed containing coal payzone group pressure break thing mould sample.
Preferably, in described step one, the rock of selection is the one in shale, sandstone and limestone.The outcropping rock close with simulated formation location mechanical properties of rock taken from by thing mould sample.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, the feature of described rock comprises the spatial relationship of natural fracture occurrence, bed plane occurrence, bed plane and stress direction in situ.Bed plane, natural plane of weakness such as end hugger and face cleat etc. can be grown in coal petrography, usual bed plane is parallel with lithology interface, face cleat is vertical with bed plane with end hugger or suddenly hand over, these planes of weakness of growing spatially can be completed a business transaction into solid netted, thus Rock and coal cutting is become a series of rhomboid substrate block, therefore, in simulation thin plate process, the natural fissure morphological feature taking into full account formation at target locations is needed.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, in described step one, rectangular parallelepiped thin plate is of a size of 100mm × 300mm × 300mm, and wherein wide face is parallel to bed plane.Use large-scale rock cutter secondary process rectangular parallelepiped thin plate.Bed plane is the key factor affecting hydraulic fracture propagation law, if correctly can not simulate the occurrence of bed plane, will have a strong impact on accuracy and the reliability of simulated experiment result.If the stratum later stage, large tectonic movement did not occur, then according to the characteristic of stratum sequential aggradation, the interface of bed plane and rock stratum answers parallel depositions.If using wide interface as coal petrography and rock, then wide face is parallel to bed plane, because wide as interface, the area of coal petrography and rock contact is comparatively large, and hydraulic fracture extended area is comparatively large, and crack propagation is more abundant, more tally with the actual situation, the fracture simulation contributed to containing coal payzone group is tested, and error is less, and result is more true and reliable; If using the interface of leptoprosopy as coal petrography and rock, then leptoprosopy is parallel to bed plane, because leptoprosopy is as interface, the area of coal petrography and rock contact is less, hydraulic fracture extended area is less, and crack propagation is hindered, and is unfavorable for that the fracture simulation containing coal payzone group is tested, error is comparatively large, experimental result distortion.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, described coal petrography thin plate is two pieces, and described rock thin plate is one piece.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, in described step 2, the leptoprosopy center of rock thin plate drills through simulation well.Selection intensity is comparatively large, the obsolete rock thin plate in crack.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, the diameter of described simulation well is 20mm, length is 160-180mm.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, the internal diameter of described wellbore hole simulator is 6mm, external diameter is 16mm, length is 180-200mm.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, described simulation well holds reserved Open-Hole Section to be 30-50mm now, and what described simulation well upper end was reserved is not 50-70mm by the wellbore hole simulator of cementation.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, in described step 2, use AB silica gel that wellbore hole simulator is adhered to simulation well intraocular, the cementation time is 8-10h.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, in described step 3, be coal petrography-shale-coal petrography combination, coal petrography-sandstone-coal petrography combination, coal petrography-limestone-coal petrography combination containing coal payzone array mode.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, use AB silica gel to be adhered to by coal petrography thin plate on wide of rock thin plate both sides, the cementation time is 10-15h.According to the pressure break mode containing coal payzone group, coal petrography thin plate and rock thin plate are carried out cementation.In cementation process, pressure is being applied to it, to make to reach good anchoring effect between coal petrography thin plate and rock thin plate containing placing an appropriate weight above coal payzone assembly.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, described is square containing coal payzone assembly, and its length of side is 300mm.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, in described step 4, integument is mortar, and its thickness is 50-70mm.The material of integument should select the material close with all material character, causes result error to prevent Material property differences excessive.Need evenly to wrap up containing coal payzone assembly.Containing coal payzone assembly in casting process, need to indicate, to apply confined pressure in later experiments the placement direction of thing mould sample.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, described mortar is made up according to the proportioning stirring of 1:1 of cement and silica sand, and mixing time is 10-15min.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, after the described outside containing coal payzone assembly is built, natural drying 15-20 days, now the intensity of integument is higher and even.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, described is square containing coal payzone group pressure break thing mould sample, and its length of side is 400-440mm.
Fracturing experiments adopts the large scale true triaxial simulation experiment system of China University Of Petroleum Beijing's independent development.When the exploitation of Simulated Water horizontal well pressure break is containing coal payzone group, overburden pressure (σ
v) apply along perpendicular to roch layer interface direction, maximum horizontal terrestrial stress (σ
h) apply along being parallel to roch layer interface direction, minimum level terrestrial stress (σ
h) apply along pit shaft direction.For ease of observing the geometric shape of hydraulic fracture expansion after fracturing experiments terminates, in fracturing liquid, add a certain amount of fluorescent powder as crack tracer agent, to obtain good Crack Monitoring effect.
Preparation method containing coal payzone group pressure break thing mould sample of the present invention, the layering sample containing different lithology combination in coal payzone group can be simulated, compared to artificial layering sample, can coal rock cleat, the petrophysical property such as natural fracture and hydraulic fracture of Reality simulation reservoir more accurately.Because coal seam is more crisp and easily broken, fracture development, intensity is lower, therefore by borehole simulation well track in non-coal rock layer, can reduce the risk of borehole well instability.Adopt and first fix pit shaft, carry out thin plate combination again, finally to the method for building integument containing coal payzone assembly, can ensure that wellbore hole simulator finally occupy the center of simulation sample, also boring damage rock stratum interface and crack coal petrography after parcel completes can be prevented, make the smooth rule in each surface of simulation sample simultaneously, in confined pressure loading procedure, prevent coal petrography from being damaged by pressure.By building integument to containing coal payzone assembly, three-dimensional terrestrial stress uniform load can be guaranteed, for the expanded configuration of carrying out in true triaxial waterfrac treatment physical simulation experiment and the vertical expansion process of accurate understanding hydraulic fracture is laid a good foundation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the preparation flow figure of the preferred embodiment according to the preparation method containing coal payzone group pressure break thing mould sample of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation containing coal payzone group pressure break thing mould sample embodiment illustrated in fig. 1 according to the preparation method containing coal payzone group pressure break thing mould sample of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the form schematic diagram of hydraulic fracture after the coal petrography-shale-coal petrography composite mold sample pressure break embodiment illustrated in fig. 1 according to the preparation method containing coal payzone group pressure break thing mould sample of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the form schematic diagram of hydraulic fracture after the coal petrography-sandstone-coal petrography composite mold sample pressure break embodiment illustrated in fig. 1 according to the preparation method containing coal payzone group pressure break thing mould sample of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the form schematic diagram of hydraulic fracture after the coal petrography-limestone-coal petrography composite mold sample pressure break embodiment illustrated in fig. 1 according to the preparation method containing coal payzone group pressure break thing mould sample of the present invention.
Figure labeling description: 1-rock thin plate, 2-coal petrography thin plate, 3-simulates well, 4-wellbore hole simulator, 5-integument, wide of 6-, 7-leptoprosopy, 8-Open-Hole Section, 9-bed plane, 10-face cleat, and 11-holds hugger, 12-hydraulic fracture, 13-fracturing liquid.
Embodiment
In order to further understand summary of the invention of the present invention, elaborate the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
Embodiment one:
As shown in Figure 1, according to an embodiment of the preparation method containing coal payzone group pressure break thing mould sample of the present invention, it comprises the following steps according to sequencing:
Step one: analyze the feature containing coal payzone group that will simulate, selects coal petrography and the rock of prepared product mould sample, according to the rock signature of reality containing each rock sample in coal payzone group, the coal petrography of appearing and rock is processed into measure-alike rectangular parallelepiped thin plate;
Step 2: drill through on rock thin plate 1 simulation well 3, and simulation well 3 in cementation wellbore hole simulator 4;
Step 3: the rock thin plate 1 of wellbore hole simulator 4 is as middle layer using cementation, and in the both sides of rock thin plate 1 cementation coal petrography thin plate 2 respectively, formed containing coal payzone assembly;
Step 4: selecting integument 5 to build carrying out outside containing coal payzone assembly, being formed containing coal payzone group pressure break thing mould sample.
The natural coal petrography that the present embodiment selects Chinese Eastern Margin of Ordos Basin to face emerging area is appeared and natural shale is appeared, and prepares coal petrography-shale-coal petrography combination fracturing thing mould sample, the propagation behavior of research hydraulic fracture in this thing mould sample.
The prepared structure containing coal payzone group pressure break thing mould sample as shown in Figure 2.The feature of described rock comprises the spatial relationship of natural fracture occurrence, bed plane occurrence, bed plane and stress direction in situ.Bed plane 9, natural plane of weakness such as end hugger 11 and face cleat 10 etc. can be grown in coal petrography, usual bed plane 9 is parallel with lithology interface, face cleat 10 is vertical with bed plane 9 with end hugger 11 or suddenly hand over, these planes of weakness of growing spatially can be completed a business transaction into solid netted, thus Rock and coal cutting is become a series of rhomboid substrate block, therefore, in simulation thin plate process, the natural fissure morphological feature taking into full account formation at target locations is needed.
In described step one, use large-scale rock cutter secondary process rectangular parallelepiped thin plate, rectangular parallelepiped thin plate is of a size of 100mm × 300mm × 300mm, and wherein wide face 6 is parallel to bed plane 9.Coal petrography thin plate 2 is two pieces, and rock thin plate 1 is one piece.
In described step 2, selection intensity is comparatively large, the obsolete rock thin plate 1 in crack, and leptoprosopy 7 center of rock thin plate 1 drills through simulation well 3.The diameter of described simulation well 3 is 20mm, length is 160mm; The internal diameter of described wellbore hole simulator 4 is 6mm, external diameter is 16mm, length is 180mm; The reserved Open-Hole Section 8 in described simulation well 3 lower end be 30mm, and what described simulation well 3 upper end was reserved is not 50mm by the wellbore hole simulator 4 of cementation.Use AB silica gel to be adhered to by wellbore hole simulator 4 in simulation well 3, the cementation time is 8h.
In described step 3, use AB silica gel to be adhered to by coal petrography thin plate 2 on the wide face 6 of rock thin plate 1 both sides, the cementation time is 10h.According to the pressure break mode containing coal payzone group, coal petrography thin plate and rock thin plate are carried out cementation.In cementation process, pressure is being applied to it, to make to reach good anchoring effect between coal petrography thin plate and rock thin plate containing placing an appropriate weight above coal payzone assembly.Described is square containing coal payzone assembly, and its length of side is 300mm.
In described step 4, integument 5 is mortar, and its thickness is 50mm.The material of integument should select the material close with all material character, causes result error to prevent Material property differences excessive, needs evenly to wrap up containing coal payzone assembly.Containing coal payzone assembly in casting process, need to indicate, to apply confined pressure in later experiments the placement direction of thing mould sample.Described mortar is made up according to the proportioning stirring of 1:1 of cement and silica sand, and mixing time is 10min.After the described outside containing coal payzone assembly is built, natural drying 15 days, now the intensity of integument is higher and even.Described is square containing coal payzone group pressure break thing mould sample, and its length of side is 400mm.
Fracturing experiments adopts the large scale true triaxial simulation experiment system of China University Of Petroleum Beijing's independent development.When the exploitation of Simulated Water horizontal well pressure break is containing coal payzone group, overburden pressure (σ
v) apply along perpendicular to roch layer interface direction, maximum horizontal terrestrial stress (σ
h) apply along being parallel to roch layer interface direction, minimum level terrestrial stress (σ
h) apply along pit shaft direction.For ease of observing the geometric shape that hydraulic fracture 12 is expanded after fracturing experiments terminates, in fracturing liquid 13, add a certain amount of fluorescent powder as crack tracer agent, to obtain good Crack Monitoring effect.After coal petrography-shale-coal petrography composite mold sample pressure break, the form of hydraulic fracture as shown in Figure 3.
The preparation method containing coal payzone group pressure break thing mould sample of the present embodiment, the layering sample containing different lithology combination in coal payzone group can be simulated, compared to artificial layering sample, can coal rock cleat, the petrophysical property such as natural fracture and hydraulic fracture of Reality simulation reservoir more accurately.Because coal seam is more crisp and easily broken, fracture development, intensity is lower, therefore by borehole simulation well track in non-coal rock layer, can reduce the risk of borehole well instability.Adopt and first fix pit shaft, carry out thin plate combination again, finally to the method for building integument containing coal payzone assembly, can ensure that wellbore hole simulator finally occupy the center of simulation sample, also boring damage rock stratum interface and crack coal petrography after parcel completes can be prevented, make the smooth rule in each surface of simulation sample simultaneously, in confined pressure loading procedure, prevent coal petrography from being damaged by pressure.By building integument to containing coal payzone assembly, three-dimensional terrestrial stress uniform load can be guaranteed, for the expanded configuration of carrying out in true triaxial waterfrac treatment physical simulation experiment and the vertical expansion process of accurate understanding hydraulic fracture is laid a good foundation.
Embodiment two:
According to another embodiment of the preparation method containing coal payzone group pressure break thing mould sample of the present invention, its preparation process, principle and beneficial effect etc. are all identical with embodiment one, unlike:
The natural coal petrography selecting Chinese Eastern Margin of Ordos Basin to face emerging area is appeared and natural sandstone is appeared, and prepares coal petrography-sandstone-coal petrography combination fracturing thing mould sample.The diameter of described simulation well is 20mm, length is 170mm; The internal diameter of described wellbore hole simulator is 6mm, external diameter is 16mm, length is 190mm; Described simulation well holds reserved Open-Hole Section to be 40mm now, and what described simulation well upper end was reserved is not 60mm by the wellbore hole simulator of cementation.Use AB silica gel that wellbore hole simulator is adhered to simulation well intraocular, the cementation time is 9h.Use AB silica gel to be adhered to by coal petrography thin plate on wide of rock thin plate both sides, the cementation time is 12h.Integument is mortar, and its thickness is 60mm.Described mortar is made up according to the proportioning stirring of 1:1 of cement and silica sand, and mixing time is 12min.After the described outside containing coal payzone assembly is built, natural drying 18 days, now the intensity of integument is higher and even.Described is square containing coal payzone group pressure break thing mould sample, and its length of side is 420mm.After coal petrography-sandstone-coal petrography composite mold sample pressure break, the form of hydraulic fracture as shown in Figure 4.
Embodiment three:
According to another embodiment of the preparation method containing coal payzone group pressure break thing mould sample of the present invention, its preparation process, principle and beneficial effect etc. are all identical with embodiment one, unlike:
The natural coal petrography selecting Chinese Eastern Margin of Ordos Basin to face emerging area is appeared and natural limestone is appeared, and prepares coal petrography-limestone-coal petrography combination fracturing thing mould sample.The diameter of described simulation well is 20mm, length is 180mm; The internal diameter of described wellbore hole simulator is 6mm, external diameter is 16mm, length is 200mm; Described simulation well holds reserved Open-Hole Section to be 50mm now, and what described simulation well upper end was reserved is not 70mm by the wellbore hole simulator of cementation.Use AB silica gel that wellbore hole simulator is adhered to simulation well intraocular, the cementation time is 10h.Use AB silica gel to be adhered to by coal petrography thin plate on wide of rock thin plate both sides, the cementation time is 15h.Integument is mortar, and its thickness is 70mm.Described mortar is made up according to the proportioning stirring of 1:1 of cement and silica sand, and mixing time is 15min.After the described outside containing coal payzone assembly is built, natural drying 20 days, now the intensity of integument is higher and even.Described is square containing coal payzone group pressure break thing mould sample, and its length of side is 440mm.After coal petrography-limestone-coal petrography composite mold sample pressure break, the form of hydraulic fracture as shown in Figure 5.
Those skilled in the art are understood that, preparation method containing coal payzone group pressure break thing mould sample of the present invention comprises the summary of the invention of the invention described above instructions and the combination in any of embodiment part and each several part shown by accompanying drawing, as space is limited and not have each scheme of these combination formations to describe one by one for making instructions simple and clear.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment made, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1., containing a preparation method for coal payzone group pressure break thing mould sample, it comprises the following steps according to sequencing:
Step one: analyze the feature containing coal payzone group that will simulate, selects coal petrography and the rock of prepared product mould sample, according to the rock signature of reality containing each rock sample in coal payzone group, the coal petrography of appearing and rock is processed into measure-alike rectangular parallelepiped thin plate;
Step 2: drill through simulation well on rock thin plate, and at simulation well intraocular cementation wellbore hole simulator;
Step 3: the rock thin plate of wellbore hole simulator is as middle layer using cementation, and in the both sides of rock thin plate cementation coal petrography thin plate respectively, formed containing coal payzone assembly;
Step 4: selecting integument to build carrying out outside containing coal payzone assembly, being formed containing coal payzone group pressure break thing mould sample.
2. the preparation method containing coal payzone group pressure break thing mould sample as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step one, the rock of selection is the one in shale, sandstone and limestone.
3. the preparation method containing coal payzone group pressure break thing mould sample as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: the feature of described rock comprises the spatial relationship of natural fracture occurrence, bed plane occurrence, bed plane and stress direction in situ.
4. the preparation method containing coal payzone group pressure break thing mould sample as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step one, rectangular parallelepiped thin plate is of a size of 100mm × 300mm × 300mm, and wherein wide face is parallel to bed plane.
5. the preparation method containing coal payzone group pressure break thing mould sample as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: described coal petrography thin plate is two pieces, described rock thin plate is one piece.
6. the preparation method containing coal payzone group pressure break thing mould sample as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step 2, the leptoprosopy center of rock thin plate drills through simulation well.
7. the preparation method containing coal payzone group pressure break thing mould sample as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that: the diameter of described simulation well is 20mm, length is 160-180mm.
8. the preparation method containing coal payzone group pressure break thing mould sample as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that: the internal diameter of described wellbore hole simulator is 6mm, external diameter is 16mm, length is 180-200mm.
9. the preparation method containing coal payzone group pressure break thing mould sample as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that: described simulation well holds reserved Open-Hole Section to be 30-50mm now, and what described simulation well upper end was reserved is not 50-70mm by the wellbore hole simulator of cementation.
10. the preparation method containing coal payzone group pressure break thing mould sample as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step 2, and use AB silica gel that wellbore hole simulator is adhered to simulation well intraocular, the cementation time is 8-10h.
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