CN109946147B - Preparation method of coal-series composite reservoir fracturing physical simulation test piece - Google Patents
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Abstract
A preparation method of a coal-series composite reservoir fracturing physical simulation test piece is particularly suitable for the fields of coal-series gas development geology and rock mechanics. Firstly, collecting a large fresh coal sample and small rock samples with different lithologies, carrying out laser scanning on the section of the large fresh coal sample and calculating the fractional dimension value of the surface appearance, carrying out X-diffraction analysis and rock mechanics detection on the small rock samples, simulating different formulas by using sand, cement and clay according to the detection result, determining the combination type of the coal-series composite reservoir rock and the thicknesses of rock strata with different lithologies, preparing a coal-containing multi-lithology rock combination cubic test piece by using a mold, respectively drilling well holes at the central parts of the coal sample and the self-made rock samples with different lithologies on the same side surface of the cubic test piece, solidifying a steel injection pipe in the well holes to simulate the well holes, carrying out external pouring on the coal-containing multi-lithology rock combination cubic by using a sealing material, and preparing the coal-series composite reservoir physical simulated fracturing test piece with standard size. The method has simple steps and convenient use, and the prepared test piece is closer to the reality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a coal-series composite reservoir fracturing physical simulation test piece, in particular to a preparation method of a coal-series composite reservoir fracturing physical simulation test piece which is suitable for the fields of coal-series gas development geology and rock mechanics.
Background
In multiple coal seam areas such as east edges of Erdos basin and Diandong-Qianxi province in China, different lithological reservoirs such as coal rock, compact sandstone and shale are often vertically superposed and developed, the rock strata are thin and are frequently interbedded, a coal series composite reservoir is formed, and unconventional natural gas resources in the reservoir are rich, and the development potential is huge.
The coal-series composite reservoir has the characteristics of low porosity and low permeability generally, multi-type reservoir co-pressure combined mining is the best choice for economically and efficiently developing coal-series gas resources, and the method for implementing fracturing modification to form a complex seam network is an effective method. However, compared with the conventional single lithologic reservoir, the coal-based composite reservoir has distinct geological characteristics, various and complex lithologic combination patterns, and particularly, the mechanical properties and the interlayer interface properties of rocks of different types of reservoirs are obviously different, so that the fracture extending capability and the expansion mode are influenced, and the coal-based gas recovery rate and the ultimate recovery rate are further determined. Therefore, finding out the coal-based composite reservoir combined fracture expansion rule is the key for releasing coal-based gas energy production to the maximum extent, and has important significance for coal-based gas scale development.
The coal-series composite reservoir is deeply buried underground, so that the geometric shape and the extension expansion of the fracturing fracture cannot be directly observed. The physical fracturing simulation is an important laboratory means for reliably and effectively analyzing the geometric form and the extension process of the fracturing fracture, but at present, no physical fracturing simulation method for a coal-series composite reservoir of a multi-coal-zone region exists.
The invention patent aiming at the physical simulation of the multi-rock combined fracturing comprises the following steps:
1. the invention patent with application publication number CN107060714A discloses a large-scale true triaxial physical model test method for researching the extension rule of a thin interbedded fracture. The method states that each test element approaches to a real geological condition, and the extension rule of the hydraulic fracturing fracture of the thin interbed reservoir can be mastered through the method to guide the thin interbed reservoir to be reformed.
The physical model test method related to the patent only describes the interbed of two lithologic rock layers and does not relate to coal rock, and similar materials emphasize that cement with different hardness and particle size is used, so that the true coal series composite reservoir stratum is difficult to approach.
2. The invention patent with application publication number CN105334090A discloses a preparation method of a fracturing object model sample of a coal-containing reservoir group, and the invention can be used for preparing layered samples of different lithological combinations in the coal-containing reservoir group.
The above patent, although including coal rocks and rocks of different lithologies, has disadvantages: firstly, a large rock cutting machine is used during preparation of an object model test sample, so that the surfaces of coal and rock are smooth, the coal and the rock are in flat surface contact, and the contact interface is different from the contact interface of the actual coal rock and the irregular shape of a top bottom plate of the coal rock; the coal-series composite reservoirs are developed by combining the fracturing and the commingling, and the single-layer fracturing mode in the invention is not enough to guide the extension and the expansion of fracturing fractures in the multi-layer fracturing reconstruction of the actual coal-series composite reservoirs.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the technology, the preparation method of the coal-series composite reservoir fracturing physical simulation test piece is provided, the method quantifies and represents the irregularity degree of a coal-rock contact interface according to the size of the coal-rock surface fractional dimension value by means of a natural fresh bulk coal sample and similar materials, so that the differences of mechanical properties and interlayer interface properties of different types of rock strata are truly reflected, and the reliability of the fracturing physical simulation result is improved.
In order to achieve the technical aim, the preparation method of the coal-series composite reservoir fracturing physical simulation test piece comprises the following steps:
step 1, collecting a large fresh coal sample and small rock samples with different lithological properties under a mine, marking the sampling direction and horizon, wherein the size of the large coal sample is more than 5cm multiplied by 30cm, the surface of the coal sample with the size of about 30cm multiplied by 30cm is a natural section, the interface of coal and rock is ensured to be an irregular contact surface, and the size of the small rock sample is more than 8cm multiplied by 8 cm;
step 2, scanning the natural section of the large fresh coal sample obtained in the step 1 by using a laser scanner, calculating a fractional dimensional value of the surface appearance of the section, and quantitatively representing the irregularity degree of the surface of the coal sample according to the value, wherein the larger the fractional dimensional value is, the more irregular the surface of the coal sample is;
step 3, carrying out X-ray diffraction analysis and rock mechanics detection on small rock samples with different lithological properties, obtaining mineral compositions and contents of rocks with different lithological properties and rock mechanics parameters, simulating formulas of the rock samples with different lithological properties by using sand, cement and clay according to detection results, and correspondingly marking the rock samples prepared by the formulas as C1, C2 and …;
step 4, determining the rock combination type and different lithologic rock thicknesses of the coal-series composite reservoir based on the observation of the coal-series composite reservoir rock core;
step 5, preparing a coal-containing multi-lithologic rock combined cubic test piece by using a cubic steel mold: firstly, according to the coal-series composite reservoir rock combination type determined in the step 4, designing the position of a large fresh coal sample in a mold, taking two surfaces of the fresh coal sample, 30cm multiplied by 30cm, as a top surface and a bottom surface, selecting a rock sample formula corresponding to the actual rock type of the top surface of the fresh coal sample to simulate a rock stratum on the outer side of the fresh coal sample, coating silica gel on the top surface of the fresh coal sample, pouring the fresh coal sample into the mold during the non-solidification period after blending according to the rock sample formula until the thickness reaches the design requirement, waiting for solidification, and forming a layer of simulated rock sample rock stratum on the top of the fresh coal sample after; selecting a rock sample formula corresponding to the actual rock type of the bottom surface of the fresh coal sample to simulate the rock stratum on the outer side of the fresh coal sample, coating silica gel on the bottom surface of the fresh coal sample, mixing according to the rock sample formula, pouring into a mould while the fresh coal sample is not solidified until the thickness meets the design requirement, waiting for solidification, and forming a layer of simulated rock sample rock stratum at the bottom of the fresh coal sample after solidification; continuously casting different rock sample formula liquids on the outer sides of the top surface and the bottom surface of the simulated rock sample rock stratum in sequence according to the same method until the whole mould is completed, wherein each time one simulated rock sample rock stratum is poured, one layer of silica gel is coated, and the last simulated rock sample rock stratum is waited to be solidified; and (4) according to the thickness of different rock sample rock stratums and the actually observed rock stratum thickness value in the composite reservoir rock core in the step 4, the thickness of the rock sample rock stratums is determined according to the following formula that: scaling by 100 to finish the preparation of a coal-containing multi-lithologic rock combined cubic test piece;
step 6, respectively drilling boreholes in the central parts of the coal sample and the self-made rock samples with different lithologies on the same side surface of the cubic test piece prepared in the step 5, and solidifying a steel injection pipe in the boreholes by using resin glue to simulate the boreholes, wherein the simulated boreholes are 16cm in length and 15mm in diameter; the length of the used steel injection pipe is 20cm, the outer diameter is 12mm, the inner diameter is 6mm, the steel injection pipe is fixedly connected to the simulated borehole by resin glue, and the depth is 14 cm;
and 7, performing external pouring on the coal-containing multi-lithologic rock combined cube by using a sealing material to prepare a coal-series composite reservoir physical simulation fracturing test piece with a standard size.
The different lithological rock formations in the step 1 comprise a sandstone formation, a argillaceous sandstone formation, a sandy argillaceous rock formation and a argillaceous rock formation.
When the optimal formula is selected in the step 3, firstly, the sand, the cement and the clay are put into a stirrer to be stirred for at least 1 hour, clear water is added to be stirred again after the mixture is uniform, about 50mL of retarder can be properly added in the process, and the standing time is at least 2 weeks after the setting; the small rock sample is a plunger sample, and has a diameter of 2.5cm and a height of 5 cm; the optimal formula is determined based on the comparison of the self-made sample and the actual mechanical parameters of the small rock sample, such as Young modulus, Poisson ratio, cohesion, internal friction angle, tensile strength and the like.
The size of the die in the step 5 is 30cm multiplied by 30cm, and the inner wall of the die is coated with a lubricant; the coal-containing multi-lithology rock combination comprises various combinations such as sandstone layer-shale layer-coal sample-mudstone layer-sandstone layer, sandstone layer-mudstone layer-coal sample-sandstone layer-mudstone layer, mudstone layer-sandstone layer-coal sample-mudstone layer-sandstone layer, and the cementation time is at least more than 10 hours.
In the step 7, the sealing material is resin, the thickness of the sealing material is 50mm, and the standard size is 35cm multiplied by 35 cm; and after the coal-containing multi-lithologic rock combined cube is poured, drying for 2-3 weeks under a natural condition.
Has the advantages that:
for a coal-series composite reservoir, the obvious difference between the rock mechanical property and the interlayer interface property is the typical geological characteristic, the method provided by the invention comprehensively utilizes similar materials and a fresh large coal sample, quantificationally represents the irregularity degree of a coal-rock contact interface by the size of the coal-rock surface fractional dimension value, truly reflects the difference between the different types of rock mechanical properties and the interlayer interface property, and approaches the real geological condition of the composite reservoir difference interlayer interface state by combining the laser scanning of the rock surface morphology and the calculation of the fractional dimension value to prepare a fracturing physical simulation test piece according with the characteristics of the coal-series composite reservoir, thereby improving the reliability of the fracturing physical simulation result. The method has simple steps, convenient use and high simulation degree of the prepared test.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a technical flow chart of a preparation method of a coal-series composite reservoir fracturing physical simulation test piece.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the invention are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1, the preparation method of the coal-series composite reservoir fracturing physical simulation test piece of the invention comprises the following steps:
step 1, collecting a large fresh coal sample and small rock samples with different lithological properties under a mine, marking the sampling direction and horizon, wherein the size of the large coal sample is more than 5cm multiplied by 30cm, the surface of the coal sample with the size of about 30cm multiplied by 30cm is a natural section, the interface of coal and rock is ensured to be an irregular contact surface, and the size of the small rock sample is more than 8cm multiplied by 8 cm; the different lithologic rock layers comprise a sandstone layer, a argillaceous sandstone layer, a sandy mudstone layer and a mudstone layer;
step 2, scanning the natural section of the large fresh coal sample obtained in the step 1 by using a laser scanner, calculating a fractional dimensional value of the surface appearance of the section, and quantitatively representing the irregularity degree of the surface of the coal sample according to the value, wherein the larger the fractional dimensional value is, the more irregular the surface of the coal sample is;
step 3, carrying out X-ray diffraction analysis and rock mechanics detection on small rock samples with different lithological properties, obtaining mineral compositions and contents of rocks with different lithological properties and rock mechanics parameters, simulating formulas of the rock samples with different lithological properties by using sand, cement and clay according to detection results, and correspondingly marking the rock samples prepared by the formulas as C1, C2 and …; when the optimal formula is selected, firstly, sand, cement and clay are put into a stirrer to be stirred for at least 1 hour, clear water is added into the mixture to be stirred again after the mixture is uniform, about 50mL of retarder can be properly added in the process, and the mixture is placed for at least 2 weeks after solidification; the small rock sample is a plunger sample, and has a diameter of 2.5cm and a height of 5 cm; the determination of the optimal formula is based on the comparison of the self-made sample and the actual mechanical parameters of the small rock sample such as Young modulus, Poisson's ratio, cohesion, internal friction angle, tensile strength and the like;
step 4, determining the rock combination type and different lithologic rock thicknesses of the coal-series composite reservoir based on the observation of the coal-series composite reservoir rock core;
step 5, preparing a coal-containing multi-lithologic rock combined cubic test piece by using a cubic steel mold: firstly, according to the coal-series composite reservoir rock combination type determined in the step 4, designing the position of a large fresh coal sample in a mold, taking two surfaces of the fresh coal sample, 30cm multiplied by 30cm, as a top surface and a bottom surface, selecting a rock sample formula corresponding to the actual rock type of the top surface of the fresh coal sample to simulate a rock stratum on the outer side of the fresh coal sample, coating silica gel on the top surface of the fresh coal sample, pouring the fresh coal sample into the mold during the non-solidification period after blending according to the rock sample formula until the thickness reaches the design requirement, waiting for solidification, and forming a layer of simulated rock sample rock stratum on the top of the fresh coal sample after; selecting a rock sample formula corresponding to the actual rock type of the bottom surface of the fresh coal sample to simulate the rock stratum on the outer side of the fresh coal sample, coating silica gel on the bottom surface of the fresh coal sample, mixing according to the rock sample formula, pouring into a mould while the fresh coal sample is not solidified until the thickness meets the design requirement, waiting for solidification, and forming a layer of simulated rock sample rock stratum at the bottom of the fresh coal sample after solidification; continuously casting different rock sample formula liquids on the outer sides of the top surface and the bottom surface of the simulated rock sample rock stratum in sequence according to the same method until the whole mould is completed, wherein each time one simulated rock sample rock stratum is poured, one layer of silica gel is coated, and the last simulated rock sample rock stratum is waited to be solidified; and (4) according to the thickness of different rock sample rock stratums and the actually observed rock stratum thickness value in the composite reservoir rock core in the step 4, the thickness of the rock sample rock stratums is determined according to the following formula that: scaling by 100 to finish the preparation of a coal-containing multi-lithologic rock combined cubic test piece; the size of the die is 30cm multiplied by 30cm, and the inner wall of the die is smeared with a lubricant; the coal-containing multi-lithology rock combination comprises various combinations such as sandstone layer-shale layer-coal sample-mudstone layer-sandstone layer, sandstone layer-mudstone layer-coal sample-sandstone layer-mudstone layer, mudstone layer-sandstone layer-coal sample-mudstone layer-sandstone layer, and the cementation time is at least more than 10 hours;
step 6, respectively drilling boreholes in the central parts of the coal sample and the self-made rock samples with different lithologies on the same side surface of the cubic test piece prepared in the step 5, and solidifying a steel injection pipe in the boreholes by using resin glue to simulate the boreholes, wherein the simulated boreholes are 16cm in length and 15mm in diameter; the length of the used steel injection pipe is 20cm, the outer diameter is 12mm, the inner diameter is 6mm, the steel injection pipe is fixedly connected to the simulated borehole by resin glue, and the depth is 14 cm;
step 7, performing external pouring on the coal-containing multi-lithologic rock combined cube by using a sealing material to prepare a coal-series composite reservoir physical simulation fracturing test piece with a standard size; the sealing material is resin, the thickness of the sealing material is 50mm, and the standard size is 35cm multiplied by 35 cm; and after the coal-containing multi-lithologic rock combined cube is poured, drying for 2-3 weeks under a natural condition.
Claims (5)
1. A preparation method of a coal-series composite reservoir fracturing physical simulation test piece is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, collecting a large fresh coal sample and small rock samples with different lithological properties under a mine, marking the sampling direction and horizon, wherein the size of the large coal sample is more than 5cm multiplied by 30cm, the surface of the coal sample with the size of about 30cm multiplied by 30cm is a natural section, the interface of coal and rock is ensured to be an irregular contact surface, and the size of the small rock sample is more than 8cm multiplied by 8 cm;
step 2, scanning the natural section of the large fresh coal sample obtained in the step 1 by using a laser scanner, calculating a fractional dimensional value of the surface appearance of the section, and quantitatively representing the irregularity degree of the surface of the coal sample according to the value, wherein the larger the fractional dimensional value is, the more irregular the surface of the coal sample is;
step 3, carrying out X-diffraction analysis and rock mechanics detection on small rock samples with different lithological properties, obtaining mineral compositions and contents of rocks with different lithological properties and rock mechanics parameters, simulating formulas of the rock samples with different lithological properties by using sand, cement and clay according to detection results, and correspondingly marking the rock samples prepared by the formulas as C1, C2 and … Cn;
step 4, determining the rock combination type and different lithologic rock thicknesses of the coal-series composite reservoir based on the observation of the coal-series composite reservoir rock core;
step 5, preparing a coal-containing multi-lithologic rock combined cubic test piece by using a cubic steel mold: firstly, according to the coal-series composite reservoir rock combination type determined in the step 4, designing the position of a large fresh coal sample in a mold, taking two surfaces of the fresh coal sample, 30cm multiplied by 30cm, as a top surface and a bottom surface, selecting a rock sample formula corresponding to the actual rock type of the top surface of the fresh coal sample to simulate a rock stratum on the outer side of the fresh coal sample, coating silica gel on the top surface of the fresh coal sample, pouring the fresh coal sample into the mold during the non-solidification period after blending according to the rock sample formula until the thickness reaches the design requirement, waiting for solidification, and forming a layer of simulated rock sample rock stratum on the top of the fresh coal sample after; selecting a rock sample formula corresponding to the actual rock type of the bottom surface of the fresh coal sample to simulate the rock stratum on the outer side of the fresh coal sample, coating silica gel on the bottom surface of the fresh coal sample, mixing according to the rock sample formula, pouring into a mould while the fresh coal sample is not solidified until the thickness meets the design requirement, waiting for solidification, and forming a layer of simulated rock sample rock stratum at the bottom of the fresh coal sample after solidification; continuously casting different rock sample formula liquids on the outer sides of the top surface and the bottom surface of the simulated rock sample rock stratum in sequence according to the same method until the whole mould is completed, wherein each time one simulated rock sample rock stratum is poured, one layer of silica gel is coated, and the last simulated rock sample rock stratum is waited to be solidified; and (4) according to the thickness of different rock sample rock stratums and the actually observed rock stratum thickness value in the composite reservoir rock core in the step 4, the thickness of the rock sample rock stratums is determined according to the following formula that: scaling by 100 to finish the preparation of a coal-containing multi-lithologic rock combined cubic test piece;
step 6, respectively drilling holes in the central parts of the coal sample and the self-made rock samples with different lithologies on the same side surface of the cubic test piece prepared in the step 5, and solidifying a steel injection pipe in the holes by using resin glue to simulate a borehole, wherein the simulated borehole is 16cm in length and 15mm in diameter; the length of the used steel injection pipe is 20cm, the outer diameter is 12mm, the inner diameter is 6mm, the steel injection pipe is fixedly bonded to the simulated borehole by resin glue, and the length of the steel injection pipe in the simulated borehole is 14 cm;
and 7, performing external pouring on the coal-containing multi-lithologic rock combined cube by using a sealing material to prepare a coal-series composite reservoir physical simulation fracturing test piece with a standard size.
2. The preparation method of the coal-series composite reservoir fracturing physical simulation test piece according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the rock layers of the different lithological rock samples recorded in the step 1 comprise sandstone layers, argillaceous sandstone layers, sandy argillaceous rock layers and argillaceous rock layers.
3. The preparation method of the coal-series composite reservoir fracturing physical simulation test piece according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: when the optimal formula is selected in the step 3, firstly, sand, cement and clay are placed into a stirrer to be stirred for at least 1 hour, clear water is added into the mixture to be stirred again after the mixture is uniform, about 50mL of retarder is added in the process, and the mixture is placed for at least 2 weeks after solidification; drilling a plunger sample in a small rock sample with the size of more than 8cm multiplied by 8cm to carry out rock mechanical property detection, wherein the size of the plunger sample is 2.5cm in diameter and 5cm in height; the determination of the optimal formulation is based on the comparison of the young's modulus, poisson's ratio, cohesion, internal friction angle and tensile strength of the home-made sample with the actual small rock sample.
4. The preparation method of the coal-series composite reservoir fracturing physical simulation test piece according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the size of the die in the step 5 is 30cm multiplied by 30cm, and the inner wall of the die is coated with a lubricant; the coal-containing multi-lithology rock combination comprises a plurality of combination modes including a sandstone layer-a shale layer-a coal sample-a mudstone layer-a sandstone layer, a sandstone layer-a mudstone layer-a coal sample-a sandstone layer-a mudstone layer, a mudstone layer-a sandstone layer-a coal sample-a sandstone layer-a mudstone layer, and a mudstone layer-a sandstone layer-a coal sample-a mudstone layer-a sandstone layer; the cementing time of the homemade rock sample exceeds 10 hours.
5. The preparation method of the coal-series composite reservoir fracturing physical simulation test piece according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step 7, the sealing material is resin, the thickness of the sealing material is 50mm, and the standard size is 35cm multiplied by 35 cm; and after the coal-containing multi-lithologic rock combined cube is poured, drying for 2-3 weeks under a natural condition.
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