CN114190203B - Internet of things agricultural greenhouse temperature control device and method - Google Patents
Internet of things agricultural greenhouse temperature control device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114190203B CN114190203B CN202111504795.6A CN202111504795A CN114190203B CN 114190203 B CN114190203 B CN 114190203B CN 202111504795 A CN202111504795 A CN 202111504795A CN 114190203 B CN114190203 B CN 114190203B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D23/00—Control of temperature
- G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
- G05D23/1919—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means characterised by the type of controller
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of indoor temperature control, in particular to a device and a method for controlling the temperature of an Internet of things agricultural greenhouse. The invention provides a device and a method for controlling the temperature of an Internet of things agricultural greenhouse. The sensing layer comprises a digital temperature sensor; the execution layer comprises execution equipment and a controller, and the execution equipment is controlled by receiving an instruction through the controller; the execution equipment comprises a ventilation window, an air cooler, a heater and a hot air blower. According to the principle of automatic control as a theoretical basis, a wireless sensor, a sink node and a master control station are used for constructing a regional network and a data centralized processing subsystem, and an internal circulation control system is formed by the regional network and the data centralized processing subsystem and an execution device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of indoor temperature control, in particular to a device and a method for controlling the temperature of an Internet of things agricultural greenhouse.
Background
The agricultural greenhouse is developed and strengthened based on the sunlight greenhouse effect, is most sensitive to temperature under the environmental condition influencing the growth and development of vegetables, and is the most important measured and controlled parameter in the greenhouse. The agricultural greenhouse is a semi-open and semi-closed system, air circulation is directly performed with the external environment, and the external temperature, illumination, wind speed and the like have direct influence on the temperature inside the greenhouse. The environment in the greenhouse is difficult to be kept in the optimal state only by manual regulation or simple function control; secondly, the simple functional regulation and control mode has certain hysteresis, and the temperature needs to be greatly regulated, so that the energy consumption is high, and the plant growth is not facilitated.
In order to further reduce the workload of farmers and reduce the agricultural production cost, an agricultural greenhouse remote monitoring system becomes one of the current research and application hotspots, greenhouse environment monitoring and regulation are also used as a key technology for greenhouse production, and the greenhouse remote monitoring system is also developed towards the direction of combining with the internet of things, so that the greenhouse remote monitoring system is a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently by people in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of inaccurate greenhouse environment monitoring and control hysteresis, the technical problems to be solved are as follows: a device and a method for controlling the temperature of an Internet of things agricultural greenhouse are provided.
The technical scheme is as follows: an Internet of things greenhouse temperature control device and method are disclosed, wherein an Internet of things greenhouse monitoring system is of a four-layer structure and comprises a sensing layer, an execution layer, a network layer and an application layer.
Furthermore, the sensing layer comprises a digital temperature sensor, wherein a DS18B20 temperature sensor is selected, a microprocessing unit is contained in the temperature sensor, and the digital value conversion output of 9-12 bits can be realized by simple programming; a plurality of digital temperature sensors are distributed in all directions to monitor the temperature simultaneously;
further, the execution layer comprises an execution device and a controller, and the execution device is controlled by the controller through receiving instructions; the execution equipment comprises a ventilation window, an air cooler, a heater and a hot air blower;
the controller is based on the following steps:
1) If the detected temperature is higher than the set value, the controller sends corresponding instructions to control the opening of the ventilation window and the air cooler; if the measured value is equal to the set value, closing the ventilation window and the air cooler;
2) If the measured value is lower than the set value, the heater and the hot air blower are turned on to warm the greenhouse. In addition, the requirements of adapting to different plant growth are met by measuring and adjusting the illumination, the temperature and the carbon dioxide concentration, so that the method is widely applied to practice and the crop yield is improved;
further, the network layer comprises an Internet of things gateway device and an Internet communication device,
the gateway equipment of the Internet of things is a digital sensing network structure built by a ZigBee wireless network technology and comprises a plurality of sensors, a plurality of controllers, a plurality of sink nodes and an environment control station; the sink nodes are respectively connected with the sensor and the controller, receive and transmit monitoring data and transmit control instructions; the environment control site is connected with the sink node, collects data information collected by each direction for centralized processing and control, and transmits field real-time data to the cloud server through the Internet communication equipment;
the Internet communication equipment is remote network transmission equipment which is established by combining wireless network technologies such as GSM/4G and the like with an ineter network protocol and is used for interconnection and intercommunication among an environment control station, a cloud server and a user terminal;
further, the application layer comprises a cloud server and a user terminal; the cloud server is communicated with the Internet for accessing the network and performing data storage, analysis and processing operations; and the user terminal receives the field real-time information and realizes the functions of data visualization and the like.
Furthermore, the environment control station is provided with an internal circulation program and an external circulation program; the internal circulation program collects data information collected by each position for centralized processing and regulation and control according to the built digital sensing network; the external circulation program is accessed to the Internet, weather forecast of seven days in the future is obtained from the cloud server, the weather forecast is matched with the corresponding historical model to obtain optimal approximate data which is used as a preset indoor temperature range value of the next stage, and then the internal circulation program is operated.
The internal circulation procedure was as follows:
firstly, entering initialization, and refreshing time and temperature values;
comparing the temperature value with a preset range value, and judging whether the temperature value exceeds the preset range value;
if the measured temperature value exceeds the preset range value, sending an instruction to start the air cooler and the ventilation window; if the measured temperature value is lower than the preset range value, sending an instruction to start the heater and the hot air blower;
if the measured temperature value is within the preset range value, whether the silent detection receives an adjusting instruction is detected;
and if the adjusting instruction is received, rewriting the preset range value in the system according to the calibration value of the variable.
Further, the outer loop procedure is as follows:
after the system is powered on, software and hardware are initialized, and then the environment control site sends a network access request to the cloud server;
after the network access is successful, the environment control station enters a dormant state;
when a time period is ended, the RCT timing of the environment control site is interrupted;
the method comprises the steps that an environment control station acquires historical climate information of a planting area from a cloud server, wherein the historical climate information comprises all historical indoor and outdoor temperature data in a planting period;
establishing a temperature range value model of each historical period in multiple time periods according to all historical indoor temperature data;
establishing a set { K } of temperature difference fluctuation coefficients in multiple time periods of each historical period according to all historical outdoor temperature data;
the environment control site acquires weather forecast of seven days in the future from the cloud server, decomposes an average temperature value C ' of each time period in the future, and calculates a temperature difference fluctuation coefficient K ' between C ' and the corresponding time period;
according to approximate matching between the temperature difference fluctuation coefficient K 'of the time period and the set { K } of the temperature difference fluctuation coefficients of the corresponding time periods of the historical periods, optimal approximate data K are obtained, and the indoor preset temperature range value T of the historical time period of the temperature difference fluctuation coefficient K' is traced back;
the environmental control site sends an adjusting instruction, a preset range value in the internal circulation system is rewritten according to the preset temperature range value T, and the RCT starts timing of the next time period;
and re-operating the internal circulation program according to the rewritten preset temperature range value T, and regulating and controlling the corresponding actuator.
Further, the time period is divided into three time periods of morning, afternoon and night, when one time period is ended, the initialization is started again after the RCT timing of the environmental control station is interrupted, and the temperature preset range value of the time period is reset.
Further, the greenhouse further comprises an outdoor temperature sensor, wherein the outdoor temperature sensor is used for acquiring an outdoor temperature value of the greenhouse and uploading the outdoor temperature value to a cloud server; judging whether the predicted temperature range value T 'accords with the predicted temperature range value T' of the future time period or not; if not, judging whether the indoor temperature meets the preset temperature range value T or not; if not, the indoor temperature is adjusted to a preset temperature range value through an internal circulation program control actuator.
Has the advantages that: 1. according to the principle of automatic control as a theoretical basis, a wireless sensor, a sink node and a master control station are used for constructing a regional network and a data centralized processing subsystem, and an internal circulation control system is formed by the regional network and the data centralized processing subsystem and an execution device, so that a proper growing environment is provided for plants together.
2. The historical period model is used as a target, the temperature difference fluctuation coefficient K is used for matching the optimal data to replace a preset temperature range value before a future time period, the temperature difference fluctuation coefficient K is used as an external circulation program, compared with an empirical value manually input by a user, the control hysteresis is avoided, and the intelligent yield increasing effect is remarkable.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a wireless network structure built based on the internet of things.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the internal and external loop process of the environmental control site according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific examples, but the invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
The agricultural greenhouse environment variable selected by the invention is used as a main control object, and other variables are also used as references to make a comprehensive operation mode. As shown in fig. 1, an internet of things green house temperature control device and method, an internet of things green house monitoring system has a four-layer structure, including a sensing layer 1, an execution layer 2, a network layer 3 and an application layer 4.
The sensing layer 1 comprises a digital temperature sensor, wherein a DS18B20 temperature sensor is selected, a microprocessing unit is contained, and the digital value conversion output of 9-12 bits can be realized by simple programming; a plurality of digital temperature sensors are distributed in all directions to monitor the temperature simultaneously;
the execution layer 2 comprises execution equipment and a controller, and the execution equipment is controlled by receiving an instruction through the controller; the execution equipment comprises a ventilation window, an air cooler, a heater and a hot air blower;
the controller is based on the following steps:
1) If the detected temperature is higher than the set value, the controller sends a corresponding instruction to control the ventilation window and the air cooler to be opened; if the measured value is equal to the set value, closing the ventilation window and the air cooler;
2) If the measured value is lower than the set value, the heater and the hot air blower are turned on to warm the greenhouse. In addition, the requirements of adapting to different plant growth are met by measuring and adjusting the illumination, the temperature and the carbon dioxide concentration, so that the method is widely applied to practice and the crop yield is improved;
the network layer 3 includes an internet of things gateway device and an internet communication device,
the gateway equipment of the Internet of things is a digital sensing network structure built by a ZigBee wireless network technology and comprises a plurality of sensors, a plurality of controllers, a plurality of sink nodes and an environment control station; the sink nodes are respectively connected with the sensor and the controller, receive and transmit monitoring data and transmit control instructions; the environment control site is connected with the sink node, collects data information collected by each direction, processes and controls the data information in a centralized manner, and transmits field real-time data to the cloud server through the Internet communication equipment;
the Internet communication equipment is remote network transmission equipment which is established by combining wireless network technologies such as GSM/4G and the like with an ineter network protocol and is used for interconnection and intercommunication among an environment control station, a cloud server and a user terminal;
the application layer 4 comprises a cloud server and a user terminal; the cloud server is communicated with the Internet for accessing the network and performing data storage, analysis and processing operations; and the user terminal receives the field real-time information and realizes the functions of data visualization and the like.
According to the theory basis of an automatic control principle, a local area network and a data centralized processing subsystem are constructed by applying a wireless sensor, a sink node and a master control station, and an internal circulation control system is formed by the local area network and the data centralized processing subsystem and an execution device, so that a proper growing environment is provided for plants together. Is an important innovation point of the invention.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, on the basis of embodiment 1, the environment control station is provided with an inner circulation program and an outer circulation program;
storing information data according to each historical period, and optimizing by using a particle swarm algorithm to obtain initial set values Ca, cf and Cm of the average temperature of each time period of the day; solving temperature difference fluctuation coefficients Ka, kf and Km of Ca, cf and Cm and corresponding time periods; and (4) synthesizing to obtain a data set:
a temperature difference fluctuation coefficient set K = { Ka, ka +1 \8230; ka + n } in the morning time period, and temperature difference fluctuation coefficient sets in the afternoon and night time periods are obtained in the same way.
Performing secondary optimization on the daily average temperature by using a rolling optimization mode in combination with the weather forecast information of a week, and intercepting optimal average temperature values Ca ', cf ' and Cm ' of each time period of the day; solving temperature difference fluctuation coefficients Ka ', kf' and Km 'of Ca', cf 'and Cm' and corresponding time periods;
approximately matching the temperature difference fluctuation coefficient Ka' of the future time period with the temperature difference fluctuation coefficient set K = { Ka, ka +1 \8230; ka + n } of the historical corresponding time period; tracing the temperature range value T of the optimal approximate data K. The method is an important innovation point of the method, and the method is characterized in that a historical period model is taken as a target, the temperature difference fluctuation coefficient K is used for matching the optimal data to replace a preset temperature range value before a future time period, and the optimal data is taken as an external circulation program.
The internal circulation procedure was as follows:
firstly, entering initialization, and refreshing time and temperature values;
comparing the temperature value with a preset range value, and judging whether the temperature value exceeds the preset range value;
if the measured temperature value exceeds the preset range value, sending an instruction to start the air cooler and the ventilation window; if the measured temperature value is lower than the preset range value, sending an instruction to start the heater and the hot air blower;
if the measured temperature value is within the preset range value, whether the silent detection receives an adjusting instruction is detected;
if an adjustment instruction is received, the preset range value in the system is rewritten according to the calibration value of the variable.
The external circulation procedure was as follows:
after the system is powered on, software and hardware are initialized, and then the environment control site sends a network access request to the cloud server;
after the network access is successful, the environment control station enters a dormant state;
when a time period is ended, the RCT timing of the environment control site is interrupted;
the method comprises the steps that an environment control station acquires historical climate information of a planting area from a cloud server, wherein the historical climate information comprises all historical indoor and outdoor temperature data in a planting period;
establishing a temperature range value model of each historical period in multiple time periods according to all historical indoor temperature data;
establishing a temperature difference fluctuation coefficient { K } in multiple time periods of each historical period according to all historical outdoor temperature data;
the environment control site acquires weather forecast of seven days in the future from the cloud server, decomposes an average temperature value C ' of each time period in the future, and calculates a temperature difference fluctuation coefficient K ' between C ' and the corresponding time period;
according to approximate matching of the temperature difference fluctuation coefficient K 'of the time period and the set { K } of the temperature difference fluctuation coefficients of the corresponding time periods of the historical periods, optimal approximate data K are obtained, and the indoor preset temperature range value T of the historical time period of the temperature difference fluctuation coefficient K' is traced back;
the environmental control site sends an adjusting instruction, a preset range value in the internal circulation system is rewritten according to the preset temperature range value T, and the RCT starts timing of the next time period;
and re-operating the internal circulation program according to the rewritten preset temperature range value T, and regulating and controlling the corresponding actuator.
Further, the time period is divided into three time periods of morning, afternoon and night, when one time period is ended, the initialization is started again after the RCT timing of the environmental control station is interrupted, and the temperature preset range value of the time period is reset.
The system further comprises an outdoor temperature sensor, a cloud server and a control module, wherein the outdoor temperature sensor is used for acquiring an outdoor temperature value of the greenhouse and uploading the outdoor temperature value to the cloud server; judging whether the predicted temperature range value T 'accords with the predicted temperature range value T' of the future time period or not; if not, judging whether the indoor temperature meets the preset temperature range value T or not; and if the indoor temperature does not accord with the preset temperature range value T, controlling an actuator to adjust the indoor temperature to the preset temperature range value through an internal circulation program.
The embodiments described above are provided to enable persons skilled in the art to make or use the invention and that modifications or variations can be made to the embodiments described above by persons skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention, so that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited by the embodiments described above but should be accorded the widest scope consistent with the innovative features set forth in the claims.
Claims (3)
1. An Internet of things agricultural greenhouse temperature control method is characterized in that an Internet of things greenhouse monitoring system has a four-layer structure and comprises a sensing layer, an execution layer, a network layer and an application layer; it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the sensing layer comprises a digital temperature sensor, wherein a DS18B20 temperature sensor is selected, a microprocessing unit is contained in the temperature sensor, and the digital value conversion output of 9-12 bits can be realized by simple programming; a plurality of digital temperature sensors are distributed in all directions to monitor the temperature simultaneously;
the execution layer comprises execution equipment and a controller, and the execution equipment is controlled by receiving an instruction through the controller; the execution equipment comprises a ventilation window, an air cooler, a heater and a hot air blower;
the controller is based on the following steps:
if the detected temperature is higher than the set value, the controller sends a corresponding instruction to control the ventilation window and the air cooler to be opened; if the measured value is equal to the set value, closing the ventilation window and the air cooler;
if the measured value is lower than the set value, the heater and the hot air blower are turned on to heat the greenhouse;
the network layer comprises an Internet of things gateway device and an Internet communication device,
the gateway equipment of the Internet of things is a digital sensing network structure built by a ZigBee wireless network technology and comprises a plurality of sensors, a plurality of controllers, a plurality of sink nodes and an environment control station; the sink nodes are respectively connected with the sensor and the controller, receive and transmit monitoring data and transmit control instructions; the environment control site is connected with the sink node, collects data information collected by each direction for centralized processing and control, and transmits field real-time data to the cloud server through the Internet communication equipment;
the Internet communication equipment is remote network transmission equipment which is established by combining a GSM/4G wireless network technology and an ineter network protocol and is used for interconnection and intercommunication among an environment control station, a cloud server and a user terminal;
the application layer comprises a cloud server and a user terminal; the cloud server is communicated with the Internet for accessing the network and performing data storage, analysis and processing operations; the user terminal receives the real-time information of the site and realizes the data visualization function;
the environment control station is provided with an internal circulation program and an external circulation program;
the internal circulation procedure was as follows:
firstly, entering initialization, and refreshing time and temperature values;
comparing the temperature value with a preset range value, and judging whether the temperature value exceeds the preset range value;
if the measured temperature value exceeds the preset range value, sending an instruction to start the air cooler and the ventilation window; if the measured temperature value is lower than the preset range value, sending an instruction to start the heater and the hot air blower;
if the measured temperature value is within the preset range value, whether the silent detection receives an adjusting instruction is detected;
if an adjusting instruction is received, rewriting a preset range value in the system again according to the calibration value of the variable;
the external circulation procedure was as follows:
after the system is powered on, software and hardware are initialized, and then the environment control site sends a network access request to the cloud server;
after the network access is successful, the environment control station enters a dormant state;
when a time period is ended, the RCT timing of the environment control site is interrupted;
the environment control site acquires historical climate information of the planting area from the cloud server, wherein the historical climate information comprises all historical indoor and outdoor temperature data in a planting period;
establishing a temperature range value model of each historical period in multiple time periods according to all historical indoor temperature data;
establishing a set { K } of temperature difference fluctuation coefficients in multiple time periods of each history period according to all the history outdoor temperature data;
the environment control site acquires weather forecast of seven days in the future from the cloud server, decomposes an average temperature value C ' of each time period in the future, and calculates a temperature difference fluctuation coefficient K ' between C ' and the corresponding time period;
according to approximate matching of the temperature difference fluctuation coefficient K 'of the time period and the set { K } of the temperature difference fluctuation coefficients of the corresponding time periods of the historical periods, optimal approximate data K are obtained, and the indoor preset temperature range value T of the historical time period of the temperature difference fluctuation coefficient K' is traced back;
the environmental control site sends an adjusting instruction, a preset range value in the internal circulation system is rewritten according to the preset temperature range value T, and the RCT starts timing of the next time period;
and re-operating the internal circulation program according to the rewritten preset temperature range value T, and regulating and controlling the corresponding actuator.
2. The Internet of things agricultural greenhouse temperature control method according to claim 1, wherein the time period is divided into three time periods of morning, afternoon and night, when one time period is ended, the RCT timing of the environmental control station is interrupted, then the initialization is started again, and the preset temperature range value of the time period is reset.
3. The Internet of things agricultural greenhouse temperature control method according to claim 1, further comprising an outdoor temperature sensor, wherein the outdoor temperature sensor is used for acquiring an outdoor temperature value of the greenhouse and uploading the outdoor temperature value to a cloud server; judging whether the predicted temperature range value accords with the predicted temperature range value of the future time period; if not, judging whether the indoor temperature meets the preset temperature range value T or not; if not, the indoor temperature is adjusted to a preset temperature range value through an internal circulation program control actuator.
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| KR101951702B1 (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2019-05-20 | 현대로오텍(주) | An automatic temperature contol system for a greenhouse using temperature differential of inside and outside |
| CN208044371U (en) * | 2018-04-29 | 2018-11-02 | 山东省计算中心（国家超级计算济南中心） | Greenhouse information monitoring system based on agriculture technology of Internet of things |
| CN108874004A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2018-11-23 | 北京紫藤智慧农业科技有限公司 | A kind of greenhouse crop-planting environment Internet of Things intelligent control system and method |
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