CN114184246A - Ultrasonic transducer grading method for gas metering - Google Patents
Ultrasonic transducer grading method for gas metering Download PDFInfo
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- CN114184246A CN114184246A CN202210139411.3A CN202210139411A CN114184246A CN 114184246 A CN114184246 A CN 114184246A CN 202210139411 A CN202210139411 A CN 202210139411A CN 114184246 A CN114184246 A CN 114184246A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R23/00—Arrangements for measuring frequencies; Arrangements for analysing frequency spectra
- G01R23/02—Arrangements for measuring frequency, e.g. pulse repetition rate; Arrangements for measuring period of current or voltage
- G01R23/06—Arrangements for measuring frequency, e.g. pulse repetition rate; Arrangements for measuring period of current or voltage by converting frequency into an amplitude of current or voltage
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
- G01F1/667—Arrangements of transducers for ultrasonic flowmeters; Circuits for operating ultrasonic flowmeters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F15/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus of groups G01F1/00 - G01F13/00 insofar as such details or appliances are not adapted to particular types of such apparatus
- G01F15/07—Integration to give total flow, e.g. using mechanically-operated integrating mechanism
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R23/00—Arrangements for measuring frequencies; Arrangements for analysing frequency spectra
- G01R23/16—Spectrum analysis; Fourier analysis
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Abstract
The invention relates to an ultrasonic transducer grading method for gas metering, which belongs to the technical field of ultrasonic transducer detection, and comprises the following steps of firstly, screening transducer admittance frequency responses obtained by a network analyzer, and selecting transducers with similar admittance parameters and resonant frequencies; according to five grading selection conditions of a signal gain value G, a sampling time length t, an antinode value limit range Um 1-Um 2, a signal envelope amplitude equal division number m and a normalized difference limit delta Umax of an equal division signal envelope amplitude, which are set by an upper computer, sampling of a received signal in the t, ADC, signal envelope curve fitting, normalized difference calculation of the equal division signal envelope amplitude, and equivalence of received signal envelope similarity are implemented, the similarity of the waveform envelopes of the received signals of the transducer is judged, and an automatic grading function is realized. The invention can ensure better consistency of the transducer in the temperature range used.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an ultrasonic transducer grading method for gas metering, and belongs to the technical field of ultrasonic transducer detection.
Background
The ultrasonic transducers commonly used for gas metering are used in pairs, the accuracy of the gas flow metering depends on the parameter consistency of the pair of transducers to a great extent, but due to a certain difference between the two transducers, even if the two transducers are calibrated correspondingly, the accuracy of the gas flow metering is reduced to a certain extent. In order to reduce the metering error caused by the transducers, the transducers must be selected, and the selection method mainly comprises pairing and grading, wherein pairing is paired selection; the grading is to select several parameter sections according to the performance parameters, namely, the transducers with similar performance parameters are used as the first grade. The grading is more beneficial to improving the selection and the split charging efficiency of the energy converter and the production efficiency of the gas metering appliance.
Theoretically, there are several grading methods: a transducer equivalent lumped parameter L, C, R binning method, a resonant frequency and anti-resonant frequency binning method, an impedance parameter binning method, a signal amplitude binning method, a static time differential binning method, or a binning method of a corresponding combination of parameters.
The above-described grading method is theoretically possible, but practical processes have not been found to be ideal. In order to ensure that the transducers have good parameter consistency in the working temperature range, the key parameter is the similarity of received signal waveforms, that is, when the transducer A transmits B for receiving or B transmits A for receiving, the received ultrasonic signal waveforms have good or better similarity.
Disclosure of Invention
Because the transducer in the flow meter is used for both transmitting and receiving, the accuracy of flow measurement mainly depends on the accuracy and stability of time measurement, and under the premise that the accuracy and stability of a time acquisition module and related hardware and the like are guaranteed, the antinode value of a received waveform of the transducer and the envelope shape of the received signal waveform become key parameters of the transducer.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides an ultrasonic transducer grading method for gas metering, which realizes automatic grading by judging the similarity of waveform envelopes of signals received by a transducer. The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an ultrasonic transducer grading method for gas metering comprises the following steps:
and 2, according to five grading selection conditions of a signal gain value G, a sampling time length t, an antinode value limit range Um 1-Um 2, a signal envelope amplitude equal division number m and a normalized difference limit delta Umax of an equant signal envelope amplitude, which are set by an upper computer, sampling of a received signal within the sampling time length t, ADC, signal envelope curve fitting, calculation of a normalized difference of the equant signal envelope amplitude, and equivalence of received signal envelope similarity are carried out, the similarity of the waveform envelopes of the received signals of the transducer is judged, and an automatic grading function is realized. The corresponding selection conditions can be appropriately selected according to the consistency degree of the transducers to be selected so as to achieve the optimal grading effect or the required grading effect.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention firstly screens according to the admittance frequency response of the transducer, and then screens according to the similarity of the waveform envelopes of signals received by the transducer through five grading selection conditions, thereby ensuring that the transducer has better consistency in the used temperature range.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of aligning two transducers of the same bit number and sampling the signals according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of aligning two transducers of different position numbers and fitting an amplitude curve according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the decision of an anti-node value, normalization and binning of sampled values of an envelope amplitude in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the overall construction of a transducer staging device according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of configurations A and B of a transducer staging device according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the A and B rotary motors of the transducer stepper apparatus of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of the electronics modules of the transducer staging device of an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure, 1 is a code scanning gun A, 2 is a code scanning gun B, 3 is an electronic module A, 4 is an electronic module B, 5 is a rotating motor B, 6 is a lifting motor, 7 is an A structure, 8 is a B structure, 9 is a sound path pipe, and 10 is a rotating motor A.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the embodiment of the present invention for aligning two transducers with the same position number and sampling the signals; FIG. 2 is a flow chart of aligning two transducers with different position numbers and fitting an amplitude curve according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 3 is a flow chart of the method for determining an anti-node value, normalizing the sampled values of the envelope amplitude, and classifying according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 1,2 and 3 constitute a complete flow of automatic gear shifting with a transducer gear shifting device according to an embodiment of the present invention, the last step of fig. 1 being followed by the first step of fig. 2, and the last step of fig. 2 being followed by the first step of fig. 3. An ultrasonic transducer stepping method for gas metering utilizes a transducer stepping device to judge similarity of waveform envelopes of signals received by a transducer to realize an automatic stepping function, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) the host computer starts to sweep a yard function, is furnished with one respectively on A structure 7 and the B structure 8 and sweeps a yard rifle, and two-dimensional code or bar code on the distinguishable transducer sweep the yard and store transducer position number and serial number to the transducer of all position numbers on each structure respectively by sweeping a yard rifle.
(2) According to the required consistency degree of the transducer, five grading selection conditions, namely a signal gain value G, a sampling time length t, an antinode limited range Um 1-Um 2, an envelope amplitude equal division number m and an equal division amplitude difference limit delta Umax, are entered into a dialog box of the upper computer and serve as grading bases.
(3) The transducer grading device aligns two groups of transducers with the same bit number pairwise, namely an Ai transducer pair Bi transducer, i, =1,2,3, …, n-1, n.
(4) The upper computer sets up the gain value G of electronic module numerical control amplifier to with MCU with transducer excitation signal connection in Ai transducer, the Bi transducer is as receiving, the upper computer starts electronic module's analog signal processing unit, the signal sampling that the Bi transducer received in the sampling time length t of upper computer control carries out analog-to-digital conversion through the ADC unit, and the retransmission carries out digital filtering for the MCU treater, then sends the upper computer to, the upper computer has obtained n group data.
(5) The upper computer starts the electronic module and connects the excitation signal to the Bi transducer, the Ai transducer is used for receiving, the signal received by the Ai transducer is sampled within the sampling time length t controlled by the upper computer and is subjected to analog-to-digital conversion through the ADC unit, then the signal is transmitted to the MCU processor for digital filtering, and then the signal is transmitted to the upper computer, and the upper computer obtains n groups of data. Two groups of transducers with the same bit numbers in the A structure 7 and the B structure 8 are subjected to pairwise alignment test to obtain 2n groups of data.
(6) The upper computer controls a motor of the gear shifting device to align two groups of transducers with different bit numbers pairwise in sequence, namely an Aj transducer is aligned with a Bk transducer, j, k =1,2,3, …, n-1, n, j is not equal to k.
(7) The upper computer starts an electronic module to connect an excitation signal to the Aj transducer, the Bk transducer receives the excitation signal, the signal received by the Bk transducer is sampled within the sampling time length t controlled by the upper computer, analog-to-digital conversion is carried out through the ADC unit, the signal is transmitted to the MCU processor to be subjected to digital filtering, and then the signal is transmitted to the upper computer, and the upper computer obtains n x (n-1) group data.
(8) The upper computer starts the electronic module to connect the excitation signal to the Bk transducer, the Aj transducer receives the excitation signal, the signal received by the Aj transducer is sampled within the sampling time length t controlled by the upper computer, analog-to-digital conversion is carried out through the ADC unit, the signal is transmitted to the MCU processor to be subjected to digital filtering, and then the signal is transmitted to the upper computer, and the upper computer obtains n x (n-1) group data. Two sets of transducers with different position numbers in the A structure 7 and the B structure 8 are subjected to pairwise alignment test to obtain 2n (n-1) groups of data.
(9) The upper computer performs curve fitting on the 2 nxn groups of data stored in the two groups of transducers with the same bit number and the two groups of transducers with different bit numbers in the structure A7 and the structure B8 to obtain an envelope curve of 2 nxn receiving signals, and divides the amplitude of each envelope equally into m parts according to a set m value, wherein the maximum amplitude of the m part is Um = Uanti, wherein i is the ith envelope curve, and obtains the amplitude Uq of each part, q =1.2.3, …, m, i.e. U1= Uanti/m, U2=2Uanti/m, U3=3Uanti/m, …, Uanti = Uanti, and a normalized value Uqi, Uqi = Uq/Uanti for backup grading comparison. At the same time, the maximum value of each envelope curve, i.e., the antinode value uranti, i =1,2,3, …,2n × n of the envelope, is obtained, and 2m × n × n pieces of m-equal-fraction data are obtained.
(10) And the upper computer judges whether all the enveloped antinode values Uanti are in the range of Um 1-Um 2, if not, the current round of grading is abandoned, and if yes, the following grading process is continued.
(11) And the upper computer compares whether the delta Uqi of all the transducers meets the requirement that the delta Uqi is not more than delta Umax or not in sequence, if not, the upper computer stores the information of the bit numbers, the serial numbers, the related data and the like of all the transducers meeting the requirement of the current gear classification.
(12) For the transducer which does not meet the requirements of Um 1-Um 2 or delta Uqi > delta Umax in the operation, a second round of stepping comparison can be carried out in the acquired envelope data according to the corresponding relaxation condition required to obtain another transducer.
(13) And similarly, the transducers abandoned in the second round can be selected in the third gear, and the rest can be done in the same way until the grading of all the ultrasonic transducers is completed.
In order to implement the ultrasonic transducer stepping method for gas metering, the embodiment of the invention is specially designed with a transducer stepping device, and the transducer stepping device comprises: mechanical structure, electronic module and host computer program module. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the overall structure of the transducer stepping apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the A and B configurations of the transducer staging device according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the a-rotary electric machine and the B-rotary electric machine of the transducer gearshift device according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Firstly, transducers obtained by An admittance frequency response screening of a network analyzer are equally divided into two groups, wherein the serial numbers of the transducer in the group A are A1-An, and the serial numbers of the transducer in the group B are B1-Bn. The group A of transducers and the group B of transducers are in butt joint with each other by the sound path pipe 9. The mechanical structure of transducer stepping device divide into two symmetrical structure, be called A structure 7 and B structure 8 respectively, a structure 7 and B structure 8 go up the symmetry and evenly distributed a plurality of transducers, the serial number of corresponding transducer is A1~ An and B1~ Bn respectively, dock with sound path pipe 9 between the transducer on the A structure 7 and the transducer on the B structure 8, A structure 7 and B structure 8 drive by the motor and carry out programme-controlled rotation or lift, can realize two liang of counterpoints of arbitrary two transducers of A1~ An and B1~ Bn, the motor includes: a B rotating motor 5, a lifting motor 6 and an A rotating motor 10. A is arranged on one side of the A structure 7 and is swept by the yard gun 1, and B is arranged on one side of the B structure 8 and is swept by the yard gun 2.
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of the electronic modules of the transducer staging device according to an embodiment of the present invention. The electronic module of the transducer grading device is composed of An MCU processor, a transducer excitation signal source, An analog switch array, A1-An and B1-Bn transducer interfaces, A1-An and B1-Bn transducer receiving signal channels, An analog signal processing unit, An ADC unit, a motor control unit, a code scanning gun interface, An upper computer interface and a motor control interface. The MCU processor is responsible for the processing of part of the control and related data required for transducer binning. The transducer excitation signal provides a square wave excitation signal according to the operating frequency of the transducer. The analog switch array is controlled by the upper computer to realize the transceiving conversion of the transducer. The A1-An and B1-Bn transducer interfaces are used for connecting the A1-An and the B1-Bn transducers. The A1-An and B1-Bn transducer receive signal channels provide transmission paths for receiving transducer signals. The analog signal processing unit filters signals received by the transducer within a limited sampling time length t, and the upper computer can adjust the amplification factor G of a numerical control amplifier in the unit to achieve a required signal antinode value Um 1-Um 2. The ADC unit with 8 bits or more performs analog-to-digital conversion on a transducer receiving signal from the analog signal processing unit within the sampling time length t, transmits the signal to the MCU processor for digital filtering, and then transmits the signal to the upper computer, and the upper computer performs curve fitting on the group of data to obtain an envelope curve of the receiving signal, equally divides the amplitude of the envelope into m parts according to the set m value, and obtains the amplitude Uq and the normalization value of each equal part for comparison in a grading manner. The motor control unit implements rotation or lifting of the related motor under the control of the upper computer. Sweep a yard rifle interface and sweep a yard rifle and link to each other. The upper computer interface is connected with the upper computer. The motor control interface is connected with the motor. The electronic module comprises an A electronic module 3 and a B electronic module 4, and the circuit structures of the A electronic module 3 and the B electronic module 4 are the same.
The upper computer program module of the transducer grading device of the embodiment of the invention comprises: the transducer matching control module is used for controlling the initial position, the rotating position and the matching position of the transducer through lifting and rotating, and is provided with initialization start buttons, initialization stop buttons, matching start buttons, matching stop buttons and emergency stop buttons to realize man-machine interaction, so that the transducer matching operation is facilitated.
In the embodiment of the invention, (1) n transducers are symmetrically and uniformly distributed on the A structure 7 and the B structure 8 of the gear shifting device, the A structure 7 and the B structure 8 are controlled by An upper computer to rotate or lift in a program control manner, and any two transducers from A1-An to B1-Bn can be aligned pairwise; (2) setting five grading selection conditions of a signal gain value G, a sampling time length t, an antinode limited range Um 1-Um 2, an envelope amplitude equal division number m and an equal division amplitude difference limit delta Umax as a grading basis of the transducer; (3) properly selecting grading selection conditions according to requirements to achieve the optimal grading effect or the required grading effects of different levels; (4) the two groups of transducers have the function of arbitrary alignment in pairs; (5) the device has the functions of receiving signal timing sampling, analog signal processing and ADC; (6) the method has the functions of array amplitude curve fitting and antinode detection; (7) the envelope amplitude is divided equally, and the envelope amplitude is compared equally; (8) the grading result and related information display and storage functions with different levels are provided.
Claims (4)
1. An ultrasonic transducer grading method for gas metering is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, in order to ensure that the parameters of the selected transducer have better consistency within the used temperature range, firstly, screening is carried out based on the admittance frequency response of the transducer obtained by a network analyzer, and the transducer with the admittance parameters close to the resonant frequency is selected;
and 2, according to five grading selection conditions of a signal gain value G, a sampling time length t, an antinode value limit range Um 1-Um 2, a signal envelope amplitude equal division number m and a normalized difference limit delta Umax of an equant signal envelope amplitude, which are set by an upper computer, sampling of a received signal within the sampling time length t, ADC, signal envelope curve fitting, calculation of a normalized difference of the equant signal envelope amplitude and comparison of received signal envelope similarity are carried out, the similarity of the waveform envelopes of the received signals of the transducer is judged, and an automatic grading function is realized.
2. The ultrasonic transducer grading method for gas metering according to claim 1, characterized in that a transducer grading device is designed, the transducer grading device comprising: the system comprises a mechanical structure, an electronic module and an upper computer program module;
the mechanical structure comprises two symmetrical structures which are respectively called an A structure (7) and a B structure (8), n transducers are symmetrically and uniformly distributed on the A structure (7) and the B structure (8), the transducers on the A structure (7) and the transducers on the B structure (8) are butted by a sound path pipe (9), and the A structure (7) and the B structure (8) are driven by a motor to carry out program control rotation or lifting;
the electronic module consists of an MCU (microprogrammed control Unit) processor, a transducer excitation signal source, an analog switch array, a transducer interface, a transducer receiving signal channel, an analog signal processing unit, an ADC (analog to digital converter) unit, a motor control unit, a code scanning gun interface, an upper computer interface and a motor control interface, wherein the MCU processor is responsible for processing partial control and related data required by transducer grading, the transducer excitation signal provides a square wave excitation signal according to the working frequency of the transducer, the analog signal processing unit filters a signal received by the transducer within a limited sampling time length t, and the upper computer adjusts the amplification factor G of a numerical control amplifier in the unit so as to achieve a required signal abdominal value Um 1-Um 2; the ADC unit performs analog-to-digital conversion on a transducer received signal from the analog signal processing unit within a sampling time length t, transmits the signal to the MCU processor for digital filtering, and then transmits the signal to the upper computer, the upper computer performs curve fitting on the group of data to obtain an envelope curve of the received signal, and divides the amplitude of the envelope into m parts according to the set m value to obtain the amplitude Uq and a normalization value of each part;
the upper computer program module includes: the device comprises a pairing control module, an operating state display module, a grading result display module and a transducer list module, wherein the pairing control module is used for controlling the initial position, the rotating position and the pairing position of a transducer through lifting and rotating.
3. The ultrasonic transducer grading method for gas metering according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the upper computer starts a code scanning function, and the code scanning gun respectively scans the code of the transducers with all the position numbers on the respective structure and stores the position numbers and the serial numbers of the transducers;
(2) typing five grading selection conditions of a signal gain value G, a sampling time length t, an antinode limited range Um 1-Um 2, an envelope amplitude equal division number m and an equal division amplitude difference limit delta Umax into a dialog box of the upper computer;
(3) the transducer stepping device aligns two groups of transducers with the same position number pairwise;
(4) the upper computer sets a gain value G of the numerical control amplifier of the electronic module, connects an excitation signal of the transducer with the MCU to the Ai transducer, the Bi transducer is used for receiving, the upper computer starts an analog signal processing unit of the electronic module, a signal received by the Bi transducer is sampled within a sampling time length t controlled by the upper computer, analog-to-digital conversion is carried out through an ADC unit, then the signal is transmitted to the MCU processor for digital filtering, and then the signal is transmitted to the upper computer, and the upper computer obtains n groups of data;
(5) the upper computer starts an electronic module to connect an excitation signal to the Bi transducer, the Ai transducer is used for receiving, a signal received by the Ai transducer is sampled within a sampling time length t controlled by the upper computer, analog-to-digital conversion is carried out through the ADC unit, the signal is transmitted to the MCU processor for digital filtering, and then the signal is transmitted to the upper computer, and the upper computer obtains n groups of data;
(6) the upper computer controls a motor of the gear shifting device to align two groups of transducers with different bit numbers pairwise in sequence, namely an Aj transducer is aligned with a Bk transducer, j, k =1,2,3, …, n-1, n, j is not equal to k;
(7) the upper computer starts an electronic module to connect an excitation signal to the Aj transducer, the Bk transducer receives the excitation signal, the signal received by the Bk transducer is sampled within the sampling time length t controlled by the upper computer, analog-to-digital conversion is carried out through the ADC unit, the signal is transmitted to the MCU processor for digital filtering, and then the signal is transmitted to the upper computer, and the upper computer obtains n x (n-1) groups of data;
(8) the upper computer starts an electronic module to connect an excitation signal to a Bk transducer, an Aj transducer receives the excitation signal, a signal received by the Aj transducer is sampled within a sampling time length t controlled by the upper computer, is subjected to analog-to-digital conversion through an ADC unit, is transmitted to an MCU processor for digital filtering and then is transmitted to the upper computer, and the upper computer obtains nx (n-1) group data;
(9) the upper computer performs curve fitting on 2 nxn groups of data stored in two groups of transducers with the same position number and two groups of transducers with different position numbers in the A, B structure to obtain an envelope curve of 2 nxn receiving signals, and divides the amplitude of each envelope into m parts according to a set m value, wherein the maximum amplitude of the m part is Um = Uanti, wherein i is the ith envelope curve, and obtains the amplitude Uq of each part, q =1.2.3, …, m, i.e. U1= Uanti/m, U2=2Uanti/m, U3=3Uanti/m, …, Um = Uanti, and a normalized value Uqi, Uqi = Uq/Uanti for preparing for grading comparison; simultaneously, the maximum value of each envelope curve, namely the antinode value Uanti, i =1,2,3, …,2n × n of the envelope is obtained, and m equal fraction data are obtained, namely 2m × n × n;
(10) the upper computer judges whether all enveloped antinode values Uanti are within the range of Um 1-Um 2, if not, the current round of grading is abandoned, and if yes, the following grading process is continued;
(11) the upper computer compares whether the delta Uqi of all the transducers meets the requirement that the delta Uqi is not more than delta Umax or not in sequence, if not, the upper computer stores the bit numbers, the serial numbers and the related data information of all the transducers meeting the requirement of the current gear grading;
(12) performing second-round stepping comparison on the transducer which does not meet the Um 1-Um 2 or delta Uqi > delta Umax in the operation according to corresponding relaxation conditions required to obtain another transducer;
(13) likewise, a third gear selection may be made for the second round of discarded transducers.
4. The ultrasonic transducer gear shifting method for gas metering according to claim 2, characterized in that the upper computer program module sets initialization start, initialization stop, pairing start, pairing stop and scram buttons.
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| CN202210139411.3A CN114184246A (en) | 2022-02-16 | 2022-02-16 | Ultrasonic transducer grading method for gas metering |
| CN202210489349.0A CN114859117A (en) | 2022-02-16 | 2022-05-09 | Ultrasonic transducer grading method for gas metering |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116047943A (en) * | 2022-11-16 | 2023-05-02 | 中南大学 | Battery-powered portable loudspeaker energy-saving control method and system |
| CN117367527A (en) * | 2023-12-08 | 2024-01-09 | 青岛鼎信通讯科技有限公司 | Metering method capable of improving reliability of ultrasonic water meter |
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