CN117367527B - Metering method capable of improving reliability of ultrasonic water meter - Google Patents
Metering method capable of improving reliability of ultrasonic water meter Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及超声水表流量测量技术领域，公开了一种能提高超声水表可靠性的计量方法，步骤如下：出厂前确定最佳中心工作频率；采集换能器接收信号，计算包络特征参数并进行最小二乘拟合得拟合公式；正式运行后采集水表数据，计算特征值；若前后两次值相对偏差大于最大允许误差的一半则计算包络特征参数；否则直接算流速。对比包络特征参数拟合值与计算值，进而执行后续流程。计算上下游超声波信号传播时间差，进而计算流速。本发明定义水表特征值，由特征值变化触发检测模式提取包络特征参数并自适应调整中心工作频率，解决换能器老化造成中心工作频率偏移后精度下降问题，无需投入额外人力和经济，提高了水表可靠性，实现水表运行周期内免校准。
The invention relates to the technical field of ultrasonic water meter flow measurement, and discloses a measurement method that can improve the reliability of ultrasonic water meters. The steps are as follows: determine the optimal center operating frequency before leaving the factory; collect the received signal of the transducer, calculate the envelope characteristic parameters and conduct The fitting formula is obtained by least squares fitting; after the formal operation, the water meter data is collected and the characteristic value is calculated; if the relative deviation of the two values before and after is greater than half of the maximum allowable error, the envelope characteristic parameters are calculated; otherwise, the flow rate is calculated directly. Compare the fitting values and calculated values of the envelope characteristic parameters, and then perform the subsequent process. Calculate the difference in propagation time of the upstream and downstream ultrasonic signals, and then calculate the flow rate. The present invention defines the characteristic value of the water meter, and the detection mode is triggered by the change of the characteristic value to extract the envelope characteristic parameters and adaptively adjust the center operating frequency, thereby solving the problem of accuracy decline after the center operating frequency shifts due to the aging of the transducer, without the need to invest additional manpower and economy. It improves the reliability of the water meter and eliminates the need for calibration during the operation cycle of the water meter.
Description
技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及超声水表流量测量技术领域，尤其涉及一种能提高超声水表可靠性的计量方法。The present invention relates to the technical field of ultrasonic water meter flow measurement, and in particular to a measurement method that can improve the reliability of ultrasonic water meters.
背景技术Background technique
超声水表因计量精度高、量程比宽、压损小等优势，在民用、工业等领域得以广泛应用，其通过上下游换能器接收的超声信号的传播时间差计算流速。换能器作为信号收发两用的关键器件，其性能好坏会直接影响超声水表的计量精度。在超声水表的运行过程中，换能器会持续老化，使中心工作频率偏移，进而使超声水表产生计算误差，计量精度降低。对于换能器老化问题，传统方法为通过换能器的设计调整初始的中心工作频率，控制老化造成的频率偏移范围，以减缓频率偏移的影响；通过二次校准保证超声水表运行周期内的计量精度，这无疑都会增加大量的人力投入和生产成本，也无法从根本上解决超声水表对超长寿命换能器的需求。Ultrasonic water meters are widely used in civil, industrial and other fields due to their advantages of high measurement accuracy, wide range ratio, and small pressure loss. They calculate the flow rate through the propagation time difference of the ultrasonic signals received by the upstream and downstream transducers. As a key component for both transmitting and receiving signals, the transducer's performance will directly affect the measurement accuracy of the ultrasonic water meter. During the operation of the ultrasonic water meter, the transducer will continue to age, causing the central operating frequency to shift, causing calculation errors in the ultrasonic water meter and reducing measurement accuracy. For the problem of transducer aging, the traditional method is to adjust the initial central operating frequency through the design of the transducer and control the frequency offset range caused by aging to slow down the impact of frequency offset; ensure that the ultrasonic water meter operates within the operating cycle through secondary calibration. The measurement accuracy will undoubtedly increase a lot of manpower investment and production costs, and it cannot fundamentally solve the need for ultrasonic water meters for ultra-long life transducers.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明针对现有技术存在的不足和缺陷，提供了一种能提高超声水表可靠性的计量方法，根据包络特征参数自适应的调整中心工作频率，解决换能器老化时，中心工作频率偏移导致的计量精度下降问题，从而提高了超声水表的长期可靠性。In view of the shortcomings and defects of the existing technology, the present invention provides a measurement method that can improve the reliability of ultrasonic water meters. It adaptively adjusts the center operating frequency according to the envelope characteristic parameters to solve the problem of deviation of the center operating frequency when the transducer ages. The problem of reduced metering accuracy caused by migration is eliminated, thereby improving the long-term reliability of ultrasonic water meters.
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现。The object of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions.
一种能提高超声水表可靠性的计量方法，包括以下步骤。A measurement method that can improve the reliability of ultrasonic water meters includes the following steps.
S1，超声水表出厂前，在静水或稳定流速下，通过扫频确定最佳中心工作频率。S1, before the ultrasonic water meter leaves the factory, the optimal central operating frequency is determined by frequency sweep under still water or stable flow rate.
S2，设定最佳中心工作频率后，采集不同温度和流速下的超声水表的上下游换能器接收信号，计算包络特征参数，并对不同温度和流速下的包络特征参数进行最小二乘拟合，得拟合公式。S2, after setting the optimal center operating frequency, collect the received signals from the upstream and downstream transducers of the ultrasonic water meter at different temperatures and flow rates, calculate the envelope characteristic parameters, and perform a minimum quadratic test on the envelope characteristic parameters at different temperatures and flow rates. Multiply the fitting to get the fitting formula.
S3，超声水表正式上电运行后采集超声水表数据，每采集一次数据就计算一次超声水表特征值V。S3, after the ultrasonic water meter is officially powered on and running, the ultrasonic water meter data is collected, and the ultrasonic water meter characteristic value V is calculated every time the data is collected.
V=f（flow，SNR，RDTemp）。V=f(flow, SNR, RD Temp ).
其中flow为累积流量，SNR为接收信号信噪比，RDTemp为本次与前一次采集的计量温度的相对偏差。Among them, flow is the cumulative flow rate, SNR is the signal-to-noise ratio of the received signal, and RD Temp is the relative deviation of the measurement temperature collected this time and the previous time.
S4，比较本次与前一次计算的超声水表特征值。S4, compare the ultrasonic water meter characteristic values calculated this time and the previous time.
若前后两次计算的超声水表特征值的相对偏差大于最大允许误差的二分之一，则由采集到的超声水表数据，计算包络特征参数；否则跳转至步骤S6。If the relative deviation of the two calculated ultrasonic water meter characteristic values is greater than one-half of the maximum allowable error, calculate the envelope characteristic parameters from the collected ultrasonic water meter data; otherwise, jump to step S6.
S5，通过拟合公式，由当前温度和流速，得出包络特征参数的拟合值，与计算值对比。S5, through the fitting formula, the fitting values of the envelope characteristic parameters are obtained from the current temperature and flow rate, and compared with the calculated values.
A，若包络特征参数的拟合值与计算值的相对偏差大于最大允许误差的二分之一且为静水环境，则执行以下步骤。A. If the relative deviation between the fitted value and the calculated value of the envelope characteristic parameters is greater than one-half of the maximum allowable error and the environment is still water, perform the following steps.
A1，通过扫频重新设置最佳中心工作频率。A1, reset the optimal center operating frequency through frequency sweep.
A2，测量并计算一段时间的上下游超声波信号传播时间差。A2, measure and calculate the propagation time difference of upstream and downstream ultrasonic signals for a period of time.
A3，将A2计算结果与S3中采集的上下游超声波信号传播时间差作差。A3, compare the calculation result of A2 with the propagation time difference of the upstream and downstream ultrasonic signals collected in S3.
A4，将作差结果作为下一次上下游超声波信号传播时间差计算的补偿值。A4, use the difference result as the compensation value for the next calculation of the propagation time difference of the upstream and downstream ultrasonic signals.
B，若包络特征参数的拟合值与计算值的相对偏差大于最大允许误差的二分之一且非静水环境，则执行以下步骤。B. If the relative deviation between the fitted value and the calculated value of the envelope characteristic parameters is greater than half of the maximum allowable error and it is not a hydrostatic environment, perform the following steps.
B1，等待非静水环境变为静水环境。B1, wait for the non-still water environment to change to the still water environment.
B2，通过扫频重新设置最佳中心工作频率。B2, reset the optimal center operating frequency through frequency sweep.
B3，测量并计算一段时间的上下游超声波信号传播时间差。B3, measure and calculate the propagation time difference of upstream and downstream ultrasonic signals for a period of time.
B4，将B3计算结果与S3中采集的上下游超声波信号传播时间差作差。B4, compare the calculation result of B3 with the propagation time difference of the upstream and downstream ultrasonic signals collected in S3.
B5，将作差结果作为下一次上下游超声波信号传播时间差计算的补偿值。B5, use the difference result as the compensation value for the next calculation of the propagation time difference of the upstream and downstream ultrasonic signals.
C，否则跳转至步骤S6。C, otherwise jump to step S6.
S6，计算上下游超声波信号传播时间差，进而结合计量温度计算流速。S6: Calculate the propagation time difference of the upstream and downstream ultrasonic signals, and then calculate the flow rate based on the measurement temperature.
优选地，所述步骤S1中通过扫频确定最佳中心工作频率的方法如下。Preferably, the method for determining the optimal center operating frequency through frequency sweep in step S1 is as follows.
S1-1，定义激励频率范围和步长。S1-1, define the excitation frequency range and step size.
S1-2，在超声水表内设置激励频率后，通过采集器采集超声水表的上下游换能器接收信号，直至采集完成所有激励频率下的接收信号。S1-2, after setting the excitation frequency in the ultrasonic water meter, collect the received signals from the upstream and downstream transducers of the ultrasonic water meter through the collector until the received signals at all excitation frequencies are collected.
S1-3，绘制接收信号峰值随激励频率的变化关系图，接收信号峰值的最大值对应的激励频率即为最佳中心工作频率。S1-3, draw the relationship between the peak value of the received signal and the excitation frequency. The excitation frequency corresponding to the maximum value of the peak value of the received signal is the optimal central operating frequency.
优选地，所述步骤S2、S4中包络特征参数包括包络频率freqE和包络相位phi。Preferably, the envelope characteristic parameters in steps S2 and S4 include envelope frequency freq E and envelope phase phi.
包络频率。 envelope frequency .
包络相位。 envelope phase .
式中，用希尔伯特变换法或极大值法提取接收信号上包络，对接收信号上包络进行FFT运算，对运算结果取模，取模结果最大值对应的位置索引即为index；fs为采样率；N为信号上包络的数组长度；imag为FFT运算结果的虚部，real为FFT运算结果的实部。In the formula, use the Hilbert transform method or the maximum method to extract the upper envelope of the received signal, perform an FFT operation on the upper envelope of the received signal, and take the modulo of the operation result. The position index corresponding to the maximum value of the modulo result is index. ; f s is the sampling rate; N is the array length of the envelope on the signal; imag is the imaginary part of the FFT operation result, and real is the real part of the FFT operation result.
对不同温度和流速下的包络频率进行最小二乘拟合，得拟合公式freqE=f（v，Temp）；对不同温度和流速下的包络相位进行最小二乘拟合，得拟合公式phi=f（v，Temp）。Perform least squares fitting on the envelope frequency at different temperatures and flow rates, and get the fitting formula freq E =f(v, Temp); perform least squares fitting on the envelope phase at different temperatures and flow rates, and get the fitting formula freq E =f(v, Temp); The combined formula phi=f(v, Temp).
式中v为计量流速，Temp为计量温度。In the formula, v is the metering flow rate, and Temp is the metering temperature.
优选地，所述步骤S3中采集的超声水表数据包括计量流速、累积流量、计量温度、上下游换能器接收信号、上下游超声波信号传播时间差。Preferably, the ultrasonic water meter data collected in step S3 includes metering flow rate, accumulated flow rate, metering temperature, upstream and downstream transducer reception signals, and upstream and downstream ultrasonic signal propagation time differences.
优选地，所述步骤S4中超声水表特征值的相对偏差。 Preferably, the relative deviation of the ultrasonic water meter characteristic value in step S4 .
式中Vi为本次计算的超声水表特征值，Vi-1为上一次计算的超声水表特征值。In the formula, Vi is the characteristic value of the ultrasonic water meter calculated this time, and Vi -1 is the characteristic value of the ultrasonic water meter calculated last time.
本发明的有益技术效果：定义超声水表特征值，由超声水表特征值变化触发检测模式，提取超声信号包络特征参数，并以此自适应的调整中心工作频率，解决了超声水表中换能器老化造成中心工作频率偏移后，计量精度下降问题，且无需投入额外的人力和经济，既提高了超声水表的长期可靠性，又能实现长寿命超声水表运行周期内的免校准。Beneficial technical effects of the present invention: define the characteristic value of the ultrasonic water meter, trigger the detection mode based on changes in the characteristic value of the ultrasonic water meter, extract the characteristic parameters of the ultrasonic signal envelope, and adaptively adjust the center operating frequency based on this, solving the problem of the transducer in the ultrasonic water meter After the central operating frequency shifts due to aging, the measurement accuracy decreases. Without the need to invest additional manpower and economy, it not only improves the long-term reliability of the ultrasonic water meter, but also realizes the need for calibration during the operation cycle of the long-life ultrasonic water meter.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1为本发明的总体流程图。Figure 1 is an overall flow chart of the present invention.
图2为本发明实施例中上下游接收信号峰值随激励频率的变化关系图。Figure 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the peak value of the upstream and downstream received signals as a function of the excitation frequency in the embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不限定本发明。In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention and do not limit the present invention.
实施例：如图1所示，一种提高超声水表可靠性的方法，包括以下步骤。Example: As shown in Figure 1, a method for improving the reliability of ultrasonic water meters includes the following steps.
S1，超声水表出厂前，在静水或稳定流速下，通过扫频确定最佳中心工作频率，方法如下。S1, before the ultrasonic water meter leaves the factory, the optimal central operating frequency is determined by frequency sweep under still water or stable flow rate. The method is as follows.
S1-1，定义激励频率范围和步长。S1-1, define the excitation frequency range and step size.
S1-2，在超声水表内设置激励频率后，通过采集器采集超声水表的上下游换能器接收信号，直至采集完成所有激励频率下的接收信号。S1-2, after setting the excitation frequency in the ultrasonic water meter, collect the received signals from the upstream and downstream transducers of the ultrasonic water meter through the collector until the received signals at all excitation frequencies are collected.
S1-3，绘制接收信号峰值随激励频率的变化关系图，接收信号峰值的最大值对应的激励频率即为最佳中心工作频率。S1-3, draw the relationship between the peak value of the received signal and the excitation frequency. The excitation frequency corresponding to the maximum value of the peak value of the received signal is the optimal central operating frequency.
以某型号超声水表为例，在室温静水环境下扫频，结果如图2所示，接收信号峰值的最大值对应的激励频率为2.014 MHz，即最佳中心工作频率为2.014 MHz。Taking a certain model of ultrasonic water meter as an example, the frequency is swept in a room-temperature static water environment. The results are shown in Figure 2. The maximum value of the received signal peak value corresponds to the excitation frequency of 2.014 MHz, that is, the optimal central operating frequency is 2.014 MHz.
S2，设定最佳中心工作频率后，采集不同温度和流速下的某型号超声水表的上下游换能器接收信号，计算包络特征参数，包括包络频率freqE和相位phi，计算前先提取信号上包络，提取包络方法包括希尔伯特变换法和极大值法。S2. After setting the optimal central operating frequency, collect the received signals from the upstream and downstream transducers of a certain type of ultrasonic water meter under different temperatures and flow rates, and calculate the envelope characteristic parameters, including the envelope frequency freq E and phase phi. Before calculation, Extract the upper envelope of the signal. The envelope extraction methods include Hilbert transform method and maximum value method.
包络频率freqE的计算方法为先对信号上包络进行FFT运算，取模后求最大值对应 的位置索引index，由位置索引index计算包络频率freqE，。 The calculation method of the envelope frequency freq E is to first perform an FFT operation on the envelope of the signal, take the modulus and find the position index index corresponding to the maximum value, and calculate the envelope frequency freq E from the position index index. .
式中，fs为采样率，N为信号上包络的数组长度。对不同温度和流速下的包络频率 进行最小二乘拟合，得拟合公式freqE=f（v，Temp），拟合公式与超声水表的设计有关，使用 本实施例中超声水表型号，得拟合公式。 In the formula, f s is the sampling rate, and N is the array length of the envelope on the signal. Perform least squares fitting on the envelope frequencies at different temperatures and flow rates, and obtain the fitting formula freq E =f (v, Temp). The fitting formula is related to the design of the ultrasonic water meter. Using the ultrasonic water meter model in this embodiment, Get the fitting formula .
包络相位。 envelope phase .
式中，imag为激励频率下，FFT运算结果的虚部，real为激励频率下，FFT运算结果 的实部。对不同温度和流速下的包络相位进行最小二乘拟合，得拟合公式phi=f（v，Temp）， 拟合公式与超声水表的设计有关，使用本实施例中超声水表型号，得。 In the formula, imag is the imaginary part of the FFT operation result under the excitation frequency, and real is the real part of the FFT operation result under the excitation frequency. Perform least squares fitting on the envelope phase at different temperatures and flow rates, and get the fitting formula phi=f(v, Temp). The fitting formula is related to the design of the ultrasonic water meter. Using the ultrasonic water meter model in this embodiment, we get .
S3，超声水表正式上电运行后，采集超声水表数据，包括计算流速值、累积流量值、 计算温度值、上下游换能器接收信号、上下游超声波信号传播时间差。每采集一次数据就计 算一次超声水表特征值V=f（flow，SNR，RDTemp），使用本实施例中超声水表型号，计算公式为。 S3. After the ultrasonic water meter is officially powered on and running, the ultrasonic water meter data is collected, including calculated flow velocity value, cumulative flow value, calculated temperature value, upstream and downstream transducer received signals, and upstream and downstream ultrasonic signal propagation time difference. The ultrasonic water meter characteristic value V=f (flow, SNR, RD Temp ) is calculated every time data is collected. Using the ultrasonic water meter model in this embodiment, the calculation formula is: .
式中，λ为可调参数，与超声水表的设计有关，默认取值0.5，flow为当次测量，计算的累积流量值，flowmax为超声水表设计的最大累积流量值，SNR为根据上下游换能器接收信号计算的信噪比值，RDTemp为前后两次测量，计算温度值的相对偏差。In the formula, λ is an adjustable parameter, which is related to the design of the ultrasonic water meter. The default value is 0.5, flow is the calculated cumulative flow value of the current measurement, flow max is the maximum cumulative flow value of the ultrasonic water meter design, and SNR is based on the upstream and downstream The signal-to-noise ratio value calculated by the transducer receiving signal, RD Temp is the two measurements before and after, and the relative deviation of the temperature value is calculated.
S4，比较本次与前一次计算的超声水表特征值。S4, compare the ultrasonic water meter characteristic values calculated this time and the previous time.
若前后两次计算的超声水表特征值的相对偏差大于最大允许误差的二分之一，则由采集到的超声水表数据，计算包络特征参数；否则，则跳转至步骤S6。If the relative deviation of the two calculated ultrasonic water meter characteristic values is greater than one-half of the maximum allowable error, calculate the envelope characteristic parameters from the collected ultrasonic water meter data; otherwise, jump to step S6.
超声水表特征值的相对偏差。 Relative deviation of ultrasonic water meter characteristic values .
式中Vi为当次测量中，计算的超声水表特征值，Vi-1为上一次测量中，计算的超声水表特征值。In the formula, V i is the calculated characteristic value of the ultrasonic water meter in the current measurement, and V i-1 is the calculated characteristic value of the ultrasonic water meter in the previous measurement.
S5，通过拟合公式，由当前温度和流速，得出包络特征参数的拟合值，与计算值对比。S5, through the fitting formula, the fitting values of the envelope characteristic parameters are obtained from the current temperature and flow rate, and compared with the calculated values.
A，若包络特征参数的拟合值与计算值的偏差大于最大允许误差的二分之一，且为静水环境，则执行以下步骤。A. If the deviation between the fitted value and the calculated value of the envelope characteristic parameters is greater than one-half of the maximum allowable error, and it is a still water environment, perform the following steps.
A1，通过扫频重新设置最佳中心工作频率。A1, reset the optimal center operating frequency through frequency sweep.
A2，测量并计算一段时间的上下游超声波信号传播时间差。A2, measure and calculate the propagation time difference of upstream and downstream ultrasonic signals for a period of time.
A3，将A2计算结果与S3中采集的上下游超声波信号传播时间差作差。A3, compare the calculation result of A2 with the propagation time difference of the upstream and downstream ultrasonic signals collected in S3.
A4，将作差结果作为下一次上下游超声波信号传播时间差计算的补偿值。A4, use the difference result as the compensation value for the next calculation of the propagation time difference of the upstream and downstream ultrasonic signals.
B，若包络特征参数的拟合值与计算值的偏差大于最大允许误差的二分之一，且非静水环境，则执行以下步骤。B. If the deviation between the fitted value and the calculated value of the envelope characteristic parameters is greater than half of the maximum allowable error, and it is not a still water environment, perform the following steps.
B1，等待非静水环境变为静水环境。B1, wait for the non-still water environment to change to the still water environment.
B2，通过扫频重新设置最佳中心工作频率。B2, reset the optimal center operating frequency through frequency sweep.
B3，测量并计算一段时间的上下游超声波信号传播时间差。B3, measure and calculate the propagation time difference of upstream and downstream ultrasonic signals for a period of time.
B4，将B3计算结果与S3中采集的上下游超声波信号传播时间差作差。B4, compare the calculation result of B3 with the propagation time difference of the upstream and downstream ultrasonic signals collected in S3.
B5，将作差结果作为下一次上下游超声波信号传播时间差计算的补偿值。B5, use the difference result as the compensation value for the next calculation of the propagation time difference of the upstream and downstream ultrasonic signals.
C，否则跳转至步骤S6。C, otherwise jump to step S6.
S6，计算上下游超声波信号传播时间差，进而结合计量温度计算流速。S6: Calculate the propagation time difference of the upstream and downstream ultrasonic signals, and then calculate the flow rate based on the measurement temperature.
上述实施例是对本发明的具体实施方式的说明，而非对本发明的限制，有关技术领域的技术人员在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，还可做出各种变换和变化以得到相对应的等同的技术方案，因此所有等同的技术方案均应归入本发明的专利保护范围。The above embodiments are illustrative of specific implementations of the present invention, rather than limitations of the present invention. Those skilled in the relevant technical fields can also make various transformations and changes without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Corresponding equivalent technical solutions, therefore all equivalent technical solutions should be included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.
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