CN114178556B - Synchronous boring method for multi-hole arm support structural member - Google Patents
Synchronous boring method for multi-hole arm support structural member Download PDFInfo
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- CN114178556B CN114178556B CN202111539224.6A CN202111539224A CN114178556B CN 114178556 B CN114178556 B CN 114178556B CN 202111539224 A CN202111539224 A CN 202111539224A CN 114178556 B CN114178556 B CN 114178556B
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- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000013102 re-test Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 15
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B1/00—Methods for turning or working essentially requiring the use of turning-machines; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/24—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics or electromagnetic waves
- B23Q17/2414—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics or electromagnetic waves for indicating desired positions guiding the positioning of tools or workpieces
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Abstract
The invention discloses a synchronous boring method of a multi-hole cantilever crane structural member, which is characterized in that a hole system required to be finely machined for the structural member is precisely positioned and scribed through a laser tracker and a wireless intelligent measuring head, the structural member is bored and roughly machined through boring equipment after being concentrically positioned, secondary precision retest and fine adjustment are carried out through the laser tracker in the process, and finally the hole system is finely machined, so that the large cantilever crane structural member is machined through equipment, and the dimensional deviation and the shape and position deviation of the machined hole system can meet the drawing requirements. The invention has the advantages of reasonable process, simple operation, high processing precision, and the like, and has the advantage of higher cost compared with the processing method of large-scale special equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of structural member processing, in particular to a synchronous boring method of a porous arm support structural member.
Background
The boom structure of various cranes such as crawler cranes and the like often has larger external dimensions, and the pin shaft hole of the end connection joint needs large-scale special boring equipment to ensure that the machining precision meets the requirement. However, on the one hand, the large-scale machining equipment on the market is rare, when the market demand is increased, the production demand is often difficult to meet, the arm support belongs to the goods throwing, and the back and forth transportation cost of a structure manufacturing plant and a machine processing plant is high; on the other hand, large-scale machining equipment has huge input cost and high working hour cost, and the machining cost is always high.
In recent years, boring equipment is widely applied to online repair of bearing holes of large mechanical structural members or reduction boxes, but the boring equipment is mainly used for machining or repairing single-group holes, so that concentricity of the single-group holes can be ensured, and most of single-group holes needing to be newly machined have low requirements on axis positioning accuracy of the hole groups. When the hole system formed by a plurality of groups of holes exists in the same structural member and the hole groups have the requirements of dimensional deviation and form and position tolerance, the conventional boring equipment cannot accurately measure and position the hole groups, so that the boring equipment is still difficult to apply in the processing of the hole system of the large structural member.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defect that the boring equipment in the prior art cannot accurately measure and position the hole groups in the processing of the large-scale arm support structural member, so as to provide a synchronous boring method of the multi-hole-group arm support structural member.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a synchronous boring method of a porous arm support structure comprises the following steps:
s1, fixing a blank of a cantilever crane structural member to be perforated on a rigid platform;
s2, installing a laser tracker on one side of the blank of the boom structure, enabling all joints on the blank of the boom structure and the laser tracker to be free of barriers, and connecting the laser tracker with a control computer;
s3, installing an intelligent wireless measuring head on the blank of the arm support structural member, wherein the intelligent wireless measuring head is in communication connection with a control computer; the intelligent wireless measuring head is matched with the laser tracker, and the circle center and the reference circle of a required processing hole are positioned and marked on all joints of the blank of the arm frame structural member according to the size of a design drawing by taking the coordinate system of the laser tracker as a reference;
s4, retesting circle centers and reference circle sizes of all holes by using a laser tracker and an intelligent wireless measuring head, and judging whether the distance deviation of two groups of hole axes at the same end of the blank of the arm support structural member and the perpendicularity and parallelism deviation of all hole axes in the hole system relative to the reference line meet the size requirement of a design drawing;
s5, if the judgment result is yes, positioning and installing boring equipment on a joint of a blank of the arm support structural member, and ensuring that the concentricity deviation of the boring bar and a reference circle is less than 0.05mm;
s6, boring all hole groups on the blank of the arm support structural member in sequence;
s7, after boring is completed, the boring equipment is disassembled, and the aperture and the spatial position of all holes are checked.
Further, in the step S1, four corners of the boom structure blank to be perforated are pressed and fixed with a rigid platform by using a clamp.
Further, in the step S3, the step of locating and marking the center of the machining hole and the reference circle on all joints of the blank of the boom structural member includes: installing steel strips in blank holes of all joints at two ends of a blank of an arm frame structural member, firmly spot-welding, measuring the center of a positioning hole by adopting a wireless intelligent measuring head and a laser tracker, and marking a sample on the steel strips; and drawing a hole circle to be processed according to the radius of the design drawing by adopting a steel gauge by taking the center of the hole as the circle center, and adjusting all holes to have enough processing allowance.
Further, in the step S3, the measurement uncertainty of the wireless intelligent measuring head and the laser tracker is less than or equal to 40 μm+5 μm/m.
Further, in the step S4, the distance deviation between the axis distances of the two groups of holes at the same end of the cantilever crane structural member blank and the dimension distance of the design drawing is less than 0.1mm, and whether the perpendicularity and the parallel deviation between the axes of all the holes on the cantilever crane structural member blank relative to the datum line are less than 0.3mm.
Further, in the step S5, the boring device installation includes the steps of: welding the linear support on a blank of a boom structural member, enabling a boring bar to pass through a bearing on the linear support, and then installing a main shaft box body and a feed box body; and (3) taking the reference circle marked in the step (S3) as a reference, and enabling the boring bar to be concentric with the reference circle by adjusting a center adjusting nut on the straight support.
Further, in the step S5, after positioning and installing the boring device on the joint of the boom structural member blank, the method further includes: and (4) positioning and measuring all boring bars positioned by using a laser tracker and a wireless intelligent measuring head at the joint position, and detecting whether the positioning size, the verticality and the parallelism of all boring bars meet the deviation requirement in the step (S4).
Further, in the step S6, boring all hole groups on the blank of the boom structural member sequentially includes the following steps: sequentially carrying out rough boring processing on holes of all joints, and carrying out positioning retest on the rough processed holes by using a laser tracker; if the distance deviation of the axes of the two groups of holes at the same end of the blank of the arm support structural member is more than 0.1mm, or the deviation of the perpendicularity and parallelism of all the hole axes in the hole system relative to the datum line is more than 0.3mm, the center position of the boring bar is adjusted again according to the step in S5; if the deviation of the axial line distances of two groups of holes at the same end of the blank of the arm support structural member is less than 0.1mm, and the deviation of the perpendicularity and parallelism of all the hole axial lines in the hole system relative to the datum line is less than 0.3mm, the subsequent fine boring processing is completed.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages: according to the synchronous boring method for the porous arm support structural member, high-precision laser tracker measuring equipment is adopted, the precision of the steps of scribing, positioning, rough machining and the like is controlled in the whole process, timely deviation correcting measures are adopted, portable machining of the large arm support structural member hole system is achieved, and the aperture deviation, the distance deviation and the shape and position deviation of all the hole groups can meet the drawing requirements. Because a plurality of boring equipment is adopted for simultaneous positioning and simultaneous processing, the processing work efficiency is improved while the precision is ensured.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a synchronous boring method for a multi-hole arm support structure provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a boring device installed in a synchronous boring method for a multi-hole arm support structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged partial schematic view of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of process measurement control in a method for synchronously boring a structure of a porous arm support according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of final detection in a synchronous boring method of a porous arm support structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate: 1. blank of arm frame structural member; 2. a laser tracker; 3. a control computer; 4. an intelligent wireless measuring head; 5. steel plate strip; 6. a reference circle; 7. boring equipment; 7.1, a straight support; 7.2, boring bar; 7.3, a bearing; 7.4, a main shaft box body; 7.5, feeding the box body; 7.6, a central adjusting nut; 8. and machining the finished hole.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made apparent and fully in view of the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The synchronous boring method of the multi-hole arm support structure shown in the figures 1-6 is used for synchronously boring a plurality of groups of holes on the oversized arm support structure, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, placing a blank 1 of the boom structural member to be perforated on a rigid platform, and fixing the blank with the rigid platform by adopting a clamp to ensure the stability of subsequent boring processing. The rigid platform is preferably selected from T-shaped bolt grooves, and at least four corners of the boom structural member blank 1 are pressed and fixed.
And S2, installing a laser tracker 2 on one side of the arm frame structural member blank 1, connecting the laser tracker 2 with a control computer 3, and enabling all joints on the laser tracker 2 and the arm frame structural member blank 1 to be measured to be free of obstacles. All joints to be measured on the arm frame structural member blank 1 and the laser tracker 2 are transparent, so that all holes can be accurately measured by using the laser tracker 2 after machining is finished.
Step S3, using a wireless intelligent measuring head 4 with a measuring needle to be matched with the laser tracker 2, and measuring and positioning circle centers and reference circles 6 of machining holes required by all joints of the boom structural member blank 1 according to the size of a design drawing under the self coordinate system of the laser tracker 2;
s4, retesting the size and the positioning of each hole reference circle 6 by using a laser tracker 2 and a wireless intelligent measuring head 4, and controlling the deviation of the distances between two groups of hole axes at the same end of the cantilever crane structural member blank 1 to be less than 0.1mm, wherein the perpendicularity and the parallel deviation of all hole axes in the hole system relative to the reference line to be less than 0.3mm;
s5, positioning and installing boring equipment 7 after the positioning and retesting of the reference circle 6 is qualified, and controlling the concentricity deviation of the boring bar 7.2 and the reference circle 6 to be less than 0.05mm;
s6, boring holes of each group in the structural member hole system in sequence;
and S7, after the machining is finished, removing the boring equipment 7, measuring the aperture by using a micrometer, and finally checking the space positioning size of the machined hole 8 by using the laser tracker 4.
In step S3, the hole centering includes the steps of: installing steel battens 5 in blank holes of all joints at two ends of a blank 1 of the arm frame structural member, and spot-welding and fixing; measuring the center of a positioning hole by using a wireless intelligent measuring head 4 and a laser tracker 2, and carrying out sample punching marks on a steel plate strip, wherein the measurement uncertainty of the wireless intelligent measuring head 4 and the laser tracker 2 is less than or equal to 40 mu m+5 mu m/m; the steel gauge is used for drawing a reference circle 6 to be processed according to the radius of the drawing by taking the center of the hole as the circle center, and the machining allowance is adjusted to be enough for all holes, and is generally not less than 2mm.
In step S5, the installation of the boring device includes the steps of: the two straight supports 7.1 are welded on two joints of the same group of holes on the boom structural member blank 1 respectively, the boring bar 7.2 penetrates through the bearing 7.3 on the straight supports 7.1 and extends out of the outer sides of the two joints of the same group of holes by 0.5m-1m, and then the main shaft box body 7.4, the feeding box body 7.5 and the like are installed. Taking the reference circle 6 marked in the step S3 as a reference, and enabling the boring bar 7.2 to be concentric with the reference circle 6 by adjusting a center adjusting nut 7.6 on the straight support 7.1, wherein the concentricity deviation is less than 0.05mm; after the adjustment is completed, the laser tracker 2 and the wireless intelligent measuring head 4 are used for carrying out positioning measurement on all the positioned boring bars 7.2 near the joint, and the positioning size, the verticality, the parallelism and the like of all the boring bars 7.2 are ensured to meet the deviation requirement in the step S4 through detection.
In step S6, the boring process includes the steps of: and (3) carrying out rough boring processing on each group of holes in sequence, carrying out rough boring to finish 50% of processing allowance, carrying out positioning retest on the rough processed holes by using a laser tracker 2 before finely boring the holes, measuring hole inner wall data in the processing process by using a lengthened measuring needle of a wireless intelligent measuring head 4 without dismantling boring equipment 7 during retest, analyzing by a control computer 3, and if the distance deviation of two groups of hole axes at the same end of a cantilever crane structural member blank 1 is more than 0.1mm, or the perpendicularity and parallelism deviation of all hole axes in the hole system relative to a datum line is more than 0.3mm, further finely adjusting the center positioning of a boring rod 7.2 according to the method in step S5, and finishing subsequent fine processing.
By adopting the synchronous boring method of the multi-hole-group cantilever crane structural member, which is disclosed by the invention, the precision of scribing, positioning, rough machining and the like is controlled by using high-precision laser tracker measuring equipment in the whole process, and timely deviation correcting measures are adopted, so that the portable machining of the hole system of the large-scale cantilever crane structural member is realized, and the aperture deviation, the distance deviation and the shape and position deviation of all hole groups can meet the drawing requirements. Because the multiple sets of boring equipment 7 are adopted for simultaneous positioning and simultaneous processing, the processing work efficiency is improved while the precision is ensured.
It is apparent that the above examples are given by way of illustration only and are not limiting of the embodiments. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. While still being apparent from variations or modifications that may be made by those skilled in the art are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The synchronous boring method of the porous arm support structural member is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, fixing a blank of a cantilever crane structural member to be perforated on a rigid platform;
s2, installing a laser tracker on one side of the blank of the boom structure, enabling all joints on the blank of the boom structure and the laser tracker to be free of barriers, and connecting the laser tracker with a control computer;
s3, installing an intelligent wireless measuring head on the blank of the arm support structural member, wherein the intelligent wireless measuring head is in communication connection with a control computer; the intelligent wireless measuring head is matched with the laser tracker, and the circle center and the reference circle of a required processing hole are positioned and marked on all joints of the blank of the arm frame structural member according to the size of a design drawing by taking the coordinate system of the laser tracker as a reference; the step of locating and marking the circle center and the reference circle of the required processing hole on all joints of the blank of the arm frame structural member comprises the following steps: installing steel strips in blank holes of all joints at two ends of a blank of an arm frame structural member, firmly spot-welding, measuring the center of a positioning hole by adopting a wireless intelligent measuring head and a laser tracker, and marking a sample on the steel strips; drawing a hole circle to be processed according to the radius of a design drawing by adopting a steel gauge by taking the center of the hole as the circle center, and adjusting that all holes have enough processing allowance;
s4, retesting circle centers and reference circle sizes of all holes by using a laser tracker and an intelligent wireless measuring head, and judging whether the distance deviation of two groups of hole axes at the same end of the blank of the arm support structural member and the perpendicularity and parallelism deviation of all hole axes in the hole system relative to the reference line meet the size requirement of a design drawing;
s5, if the judgment result is yes, positioning and installing boring equipment on a joint of a blank of the arm support structural member, and ensuring that the concentricity deviation of the boring bar and a reference circle is less than 0.05mm;
s6, boring all hole groups on the blank of the arm support structural member in sequence;
s7, after boring is completed, the boring equipment is disassembled, and the aperture and the spatial position of all holes are checked.
2. The synchronous boring method of the multi-hole cantilever crane structural member according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, four corners of the cantilever crane structural member blank to be punched are pressed and fixed with a rigid platform by adopting a clamp.
3. The synchronous boring method of the multi-hole arm support structural member according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the measurement uncertainty of the wireless intelligent measuring head and the laser tracker is less than or equal to 40 μm+5 μm/m.
4. The synchronous boring method of the multi-hole-group arm frame structural member according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, a distance deviation between an axis distance of two groups of holes at the same end of an arm frame structural member blank and a dimension distance of a design drawing is less than 0.1mm, and whether a deviation between verticality and parallelism of axes of all holes on the arm frame structural member blank relative to a datum line is less than 0.3mm or not.
5. The synchronous boring method of a multi-hole boom structure according to claim 1, wherein in the step S5, the boring equipment installation comprises the steps of: welding the linear support on a blank of a boom structural member, enabling a boring bar to pass through a bearing on the linear support, and then installing a main shaft box body and a feed box body; and (3) taking the reference circle marked in the step (S3) as a reference, and enabling the boring bar to be concentric with the reference circle by adjusting a center adjusting nut on the straight support.
6. The method for synchronously boring the multi-hole boom structure according to claim 5, wherein in the step S5, after positioning and installing boring equipment on the joint of the boom structure blank, the method further comprises: and (4) positioning and measuring all boring bars positioned by using a laser tracker and a wireless intelligent measuring head at the joint position, and detecting whether the positioning size, the verticality and the parallelism of all boring bars meet the deviation requirement in the step (S4).
7. The synchronous boring method for the multi-hole-group arm support structural member according to claim 5, wherein in the step S6, boring is sequentially performed on all hole groups on the arm support structural member blank, comprising the following steps: sequentially carrying out rough boring processing on holes of all joints, and carrying out positioning retest on the rough processed holes by using a laser tracker; if the distance deviation of the axes of the two groups of holes at the same end of the blank of the arm support structural member is more than 0.1mm, or the deviation of the perpendicularity and parallelism of all the hole axes in the hole system relative to the datum line is more than 0.3mm, the center position of the boring bar is adjusted again according to the step in S5; if the deviation of the axial line distances of two groups of holes at the same end of the blank of the arm support structural member is less than 0.1mm, and the deviation of the perpendicularity and parallelism of all the hole axial lines in the hole system relative to the datum line is less than 0.3mm, the subsequent fine boring processing is completed.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US4378989A (en) * | 1981-10-09 | 1983-04-05 | The Perkin-Elmer Corporation | Apparatus for laser assisted machining of glass materials |
| CN1789907A (en) * | 2005-12-27 | 2006-06-21 | 渤海船舶重工有限责任公司 | Inside diameter measurement system for big-size shaft hole |
| CN101628371A (en) * | 2009-07-31 | 2010-01-20 | 天津重钢机械装备股份有限公司 | Method for processing large workpiece boring hole by using drilling machine |
| CN202137642U (en) * | 2011-05-06 | 2012-02-08 | 海克斯康测量技术(青岛)有限公司 | Automatic measuring system with tracker and CNC (computer numerical control) machine tool for industrial field |
| CN102825283A (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2012-12-19 | 保定标正机床有限责任公司 | Porous part boring method and equipment thereof |
| CN104101296A (en) * | 2014-06-26 | 2014-10-15 | 北京新立机械有限责任公司 | Digital positioning detection method and system in large-scale structure precision assembly |
| CN112605437B (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2022-03-29 | 中船桂江造船有限公司 | Method for quickly determining center circle of shaft system boring hole |
| CN112775625B (en) * | 2020-12-26 | 2022-04-05 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | On-site machining process and machining device for large flange |
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