CN112222482A

CN112222482A - Special machining clamp for crank parts

Info

Publication number: CN112222482A
Application number: CN202010976318.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 韩金娜
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-09-15
Filing date: 2020-09-15
Publication date: 2021-01-15

Abstract

The special machining clamp for the crank type parts comprises a bottom plate, a connecting vertical plate, a supporting side plate, a coaxial step positioning pin, a crank positioning drill jig assembly, an L-shaped drill jig assembly, a checking drill jig assembly and a pressing plate assembly, wherein the checking drill jig assembly comprises a first drill plate, a movable bolt, a fastening screw, a first locking screw, a first replaceable drill bushing, a first replaceable hinge bushing and a rough hole checking pin, the crank positioning drill jig assembly comprises a crank positioning plate, a second replaceable drill bushing, a second replaceable hinge bushing and a second locking screw, the L-shaped drill jig assembly comprises an L-shaped drill plate, a first fixed drill bushing and a second fixed drill bushing, and the pressing plate assembly comprises a pressing plate, a locking long bolt and a supporting bolt. The invention provides a special processing clamp for crank parts, which can improve the stability of product processing, reduce the rejection rate of product processing and reduce the processing cost of products.

Description

Special machining clamp for crank parts

Technical Field

The invention relates to a special processing clamp, in particular to a special processing clamp for crank parts and a processing technical scheme of the clamp.

Background

Along with the continuous development of numerical control machine tool technology, the technology of high-precision numerical control machine tool, cutter, measuring equipment is also promoting constantly. However, for part of crank type parts, due to the fact that the external cooperation is complex, the positioning and clamping difficulty is extremely high, and the hole making difficulty for positioning holes and inclined holes on the curved surface is extremely high through the numerical control machine tool machining. Therefore, for crank parts with large batch and manufacturing difficulty, the design and manufacturing of the special processing clamp are still an extremely effective implementation means.

Aiming at a special crank part, the invention has extremely high precision requirements on a positioning hole and an inclined hole on a curved surface, can effectively solve the problems of high processing difficulty, high processing rejection rate, high processing cost and the like by designing and manufacturing a special clamp, and can finish high-precision hole processing on a semi-finished product by only depending on bench drilling and bench workers through the use of the special clamp, thereby reducing the processing rejection rate and the processing cost.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a special processing clamp for crank parts, and provides a processing technique and control requirements of the clamp so as to solve the problems of high rejection rate and high processing cost of high-precision hole making of specified crank parts.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

the special processing clamp for the crank part comprises a bottom plate, a connecting vertical plate, a supporting side plate, a coaxial step positioning pin, a crank positioning drill jig assembly, an L-shaped drill jig assembly, a detection drill jig assembly and a pressing plate assembly, wherein the upper surface and the lower surface of the bottom plate are parallel, a positioning pin bottom hole is processed on the bottom plate, a U-shaped avoiding area is arranged at the same time, the coaxial step positioning pin is installed on the positioning pin bottom hole of the bottom plate in an interference fit manner, the supporting side plate is fixed on one side surface of the bottom plate through a screw pin structure, the outer vertical surface of the supporting side plate is required to be perpendicular to the bottom plane of the bottom plate, the connecting vertical plate is fixed on the bottom plate through the screw pin structure and is located on the other side corresponding to the supporting side plate, a drilling avoiding hole is formed in the connecting vertical plate, and the detection drill jig assembly consists of a, The first drill plate is detachably mounted on the upper plane of the connecting vertical plate through two movable bolts and fastening screws, a first bottom hole is formed in the first drill plate, the first replaceable drill sleeve and the first replaceable hinge sleeve are mounted on the first bottom hole in a replaceable mode through clearance fit, the first locking screw is used for fastening during machining, the thick hole inspection pin is a step pin, and after crank type parts are positioned and clamped, rough machining hole site precision and clamping positioning accuracy of the crank type parts can be preliminarily inspected; the crank positioning drill jig assembly comprises a crank positioning plate, a second replaceable drill bushing, a second replaceable hinge bushing and a second locking screw, the crank positioning plate is vertically installed in a U-shaped avoiding area of the bottom plate, a positioning surface is arranged on the crank positioning plate towards the side of a crank part, a second bottom hole is further machined in the crank positioning plate, the second replaceable drill bushing and the second replaceable hinge bushing are installed on the second bottom hole in a replaceable mode through clearance fit, and the second replaceable drill bushing and the second replaceable hinge bushing are fastened through the second locking screw during machining; the L-shaped drill jig assembly comprises an L-shaped drill jig plate, a first fixed drill bushing and a second fixed drill bushing, the L-shaped drill jig plate is fixedly installed on the upper plane of the bottom plate through a screw pin structure, the L-shaped drill jig plate is an L-shaped part, the inner shape of the L-shaped drill jig plate is approximately matched with the outer diameter of the crank type part, certain intervals exist, a third bottom hole and a fourth bottom hole are machined in the L-shaped drill jig plate, and the first fixed drill bushing and the second fixed drill bushing are installed in the third bottom hole and the fourth bottom hole in an interference fit mode; the pressure plate assembly consists of a pressure plate, a locking long bolt and a support bolt.

As a further scheme of the invention: the flatness and parallelism of the upper plane and the lower plane of the bottom plate of the special processing clamp of the crank part need to be controlled within 0.02, the verticality between the supporting side plate and the lower plane of the bottom plate is controlled within 0.02, the special processing clamp, the design standard is that the upper plane of the bottom plate is taken as a reference surface A, the bottom hole of the positioning pin on the bottom plate is vertical to the bottom plate, taking the intersection point of the axis of the bottom hole of the positioning pin and the reference plane A as an original point, taking the original point vertical to the positioning plane on the crank positioning block as the X positive direction, and the position vertical to the reference plane A as the Z direction, establishing a coordinate system by a right-handed Cartesian principle, ensuring that the distance from an original point to a positioning surface on the crank positioning block is within plus or minus 0.03, meanwhile, the position degrees of the first bottom hole and the second bottom hole are required to be within 0.08, and the position degrees of the third bottom hole and the fourth bottom hole are required to be within 0.15.

As a still further scheme of the invention: the coaxial step positioning pin is a coaxial step pin and is divided into an upper half section and a lower half section, the lower half section is arranged on a positioning pin bottom hole of the bottom plate in an interference fit mode, and the outer diameter size of the upper half section is smaller than 0.03 of an inner hole of a crank part and used for positioning the crank part.

As a still further scheme of the invention: the special processing clamp for the crank type parts comprises a processing technology method that after a bottom plate is processed into an outline and U-shaped avoidance area, an upper plane and a lower plane are ground, a diagonal ruler edge is ground at the same time, and a bottom hole of a positioning pin is bored; after the connecting vertical plate and the supporting side plate are installed on the bottom plate, grinding the outer vertical surface of the supporting side plate by taking the lower plane of the bottom plate and one angle ruler edge as references to ensure the verticality of the supporting side plate and the bottom plate; and processing the positioning surface on the crank positioning block by using a precise five-axis machine tool by taking the bottom hole of the positioning pin and the angle ruler edge on the bottom plate as references, wherein the first bottom hole, the second bottom hole, the third bottom hole and the fourth bottom hole ensure the relevant dimensional requirements.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the special fixture for the crank type parts ensures the high-precision realization of the special fixture through an effective manufacturing process scheme, and meanwhile, the crank type parts can ensure the processing precision and reduce the rejection rate through the special fixture, the utilization efficiency of a machine tool is effectively improved, and the processing cost is reduced.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a special machining fixture (part clamping state) for crank type parts of the invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the special machining fixture for crank type parts of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a special machining clamp (another view) for crank type parts of the invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view (in plan view) of the special machining fixture for crank type parts of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a special machining fixture (side view) for crank type parts according to the present invention.

In the figure: 1-crank type parts, 2-bottom plate, 3-positioning pin bottom holes, 4-supporting side plates, 5-connecting vertical plates, 6-crank positioning plates, 7-second locking screws, 8-second bottom holes, 9-positioning surfaces, 10-first drill plate, 11-fastening screws, 12-movable bolts, 13-first replaceable drill sleeve, 14-thick hole inspection pins, 15-L-shaped drill plate, 16-first fixed drill sleeve, 17-second fixed drill sleeve, 18-drill hole avoiding holes and 19-pressing plate assemblies.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example one

Referring to fig. 1 to 5, a special processing fixture for crank type parts 1 is composed of a bottom plate 2, a connecting vertical plate 5, a supporting side plate 4, a coaxial step positioning pin, a crank positioning jig assembly, an L-shaped jig assembly, an inspection drilling assembly and a pressing plate assembly 19, wherein the upper surface and the lower surface of the bottom plate are parallel, a positioning pin bottom hole 3 is processed on the bottom plate, a U-shaped avoidance area is arranged on the bottom plate, the coaxial step positioning pin is installed on the positioning pin bottom hole of the bottom plate in an interference fit manner, the coaxial step positioning pin is a coaxial step pin and is divided into an upper half section and a lower half section, the lower half section is installed on the positioning pin bottom hole of the bottom plate in an interference fit manner, and the outer diameter of the upper half section is smaller than 0.03 of an inner hole of; the supporting side plate is fixed on one side face of the bottom plate through a screw pin structure, the outer vertical face of the supporting side plate is required to be perpendicular to the bottom plane of the bottom plate, the connecting vertical plate is fixed on the bottom plate through the screw pin structure and located on the other side edge corresponding to the supporting side plate, a drilling hole avoiding hole 18 is formed in the connecting vertical plate, and when the drilling hole avoiding hole is used for the second fixed drill bushing 17 to work, a drill bit can penetrate through the drilling hole avoiding hole 18; the detection drilling assembly comprises a first drilling template 10, a movable bolt 12, a fastening screw 11, a first locking screw, a first replaceable drill bushing 13, a first replaceable hinge sleeve and a rough hole detection pin 14, the first drilling template is detachably mounted on the upper plane of the connecting vertical plate through the two movable bolts and the fastening screw, a first bottom hole is machined in the first drilling template, the first replaceable drill bushing and the first replaceable hinge sleeve are mounted on the first bottom hole in a replaceable mode through clearance fit, the first locking screw is used for fastening during machining, the rough hole detection pin is a step pin, and after crank type parts are positioned and clamped, rough machining hole site precision and clamping and positioning accuracy of the crank type parts can be preliminarily detected; the crank positioning drill jig assembly comprises a crank positioning plate 6, a second replaceable drill bushing, a second replaceable hinge bushing and a second locking screw 7, the crank positioning plate is vertically installed in a U-shaped avoiding area of the bottom plate, a positioning surface 9 is arranged on the crank positioning plate towards the crank part side, a second bottom hole 8 is further processed on the crank positioning plate, the second replaceable drill bushing and the second replaceable hinge bushing are installed on the second bottom hole in a replaceable mode through clearance fit, and the second replaceable drill bushing and the second replaceable hinge bushing are fastened through the second locking screw during processing; the L-shaped drill jig assembly comprises an L-shaped drill jig plate 15, a first fixed drill bushing 16 and a second fixed drill bushing 17, the L-shaped drill jig plate is fixedly installed on the upper plane of the bottom plate through a screw pin structure, the L-shaped drill jig plate is an L-shaped part, the inner shape of the L-shaped drill jig plate is approximately matched with the outer diameter of the crank type part, a certain interval exists between the L-shaped drill jig plate and the crank type part, a third bottom hole and a fourth bottom hole are machined in the L-shaped drill jig plate, and the first fixed drill bushing and the second fixed drill bushing are installed in an interference fit mode in the third bottom hole and the fourth bottom hole; the pressure plate assembly consists of a pressure plate, a locking long bolt and a support bolt.

The flatness and parallelism of the upper plane and the lower plane of the bottom plate of the special processing clamp of the crank part need to be controlled within 0.02, the verticality between the supporting side plate and the lower plane of the bottom plate is controlled within 0.02, the special processing clamp, the design standard is that the upper plane of the bottom plate is taken as a reference surface A, the bottom hole of the positioning pin on the bottom plate is vertical to the bottom plate, taking the intersection point of the axis of the bottom hole of the positioning pin and the reference plane A as an original point, taking the original point vertical to the positioning plane on the crank positioning block as the X positive direction, and the position vertical to the reference plane A as the Z direction, establishing a coordinate system by a right-handed Cartesian principle, ensuring that the distance from an original point to a positioning surface on the crank positioning block is within plus or minus 0.03, meanwhile, the position degrees of the first bottom hole and the second bottom hole are required to be within 0.08, and the position degrees of the third bottom hole and the fourth bottom hole are required to be within 0.15. The above-mentioned overall design requirement and dimensional requirement for the special machining fixture for crank type parts are the core technical requirements of the invention, and if the above-mentioned design requirement can not be met, the invention can not meet the working requirements.

The special processing clamp for the crank type parts comprises a processing technology method that after a bottom plate is processed into an outline and U-shaped avoidance area, an upper plane and a lower plane are ground, a diagonal ruler edge is ground at the same time, and a bottom hole of a positioning pin is bored; after the connecting vertical plate and the supporting side plate are installed on the bottom plate, grinding the outer vertical surface of the supporting side plate by taking the lower plane of the bottom plate and one angle ruler edge as references to ensure the verticality of the supporting side plate and the bottom plate; and processing the positioning surface on the crank positioning block by using a precise five-axis machine tool by taking the bottom hole of the positioning pin and the angle ruler edge on the bottom plate as references, wherein the first bottom hole, the second bottom hole, the third bottom hole and the fourth bottom hole ensure the relevant dimensional requirements. The effective manufacturing process scheme of the special processing clamp for the crank type parts is implemented through the process scheme, so that the design requirements of the special processing clamp for the crank type parts can be met.

The specific working mode and the method of the invention are that the special processing clamp for the crank parts is matched with a bench drill and a pistol drill for use. The crank type part is positioned by using the coaxial step positioning pin, meanwhile, an appointed processing surface of the crank type part is attached to the positioning surface 9 of the crank positioning plate, and the crank type part is fixed by using the pressing plate assembly. The method comprises the steps of firstly, carrying out rough hole verification on crank parts by using a rough hole inspection pin, verifying the machining precision of a numerical control procedure before the crank parts and whether clamping is not in place, and after the rough hole verification is passed, finishing drilling and reaming of a plurality of holes by using a pistol drill or a bench drill. The precision of hole positions of products where the first bottom hole and the second bottom hole are located is high, but the processed hole positions are basically vertical to crank type parts, the guidance performance is good, bottom hole drilling can be completed by a pistol drill, and finally, the guarantee of aperture tolerance is completed by a reamer matched with a hinge sleeve. And the first fixed drill bushing 16 and the second fixed drill bushing 17 corresponding to the third bottom hole and the fourth bottom hole are processed holes on a curved surface, have poor guidance performance and are easy to drill askew, so that the axis of the drilled hole can be adjusted to be a vertical hole by utilizing the outer vertical surface of the supporting side plate 4 and the angle square edge of the bottom plate, and the drilled hole is guided by the bench drill and the drill bushing and exits after being sunk, so that the vertical guidance performance is ensured, and the position degree of the drilled hole is ensured.

It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.

Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. The special processing clamp for the crank part is characterized by comprising a bottom plate, a connecting vertical plate, a supporting side plate, a coaxial step positioning pin, a crank positioning drill jig assembly, an L-shaped drill jig assembly, a checking drill jig assembly and a pressing plate assembly, wherein the upper surface and the lower surface of the bottom plate are parallel, a positioning pin bottom hole is processed on the bottom plate, a U-shaped avoiding area is arranged on the bottom plate, the coaxial step positioning pin is installed on the positioning pin bottom hole of the bottom plate in an interference fit mode, the supporting side plate is fixed on one side surface of the bottom plate through a screw pin structure, the outer vertical surface of the supporting side plate is required to be perpendicular to the bottom plane of the bottom plate, the connecting vertical plate is fixed on the bottom plate through the screw pin structure and is located on the other side edge corresponding to the supporting side plate, a drilling avoiding hole is formed in the connecting vertical plate, and the checking, The first drilling template is detachably mounted on the upper plane of the connecting vertical plate through two movable bolts and the fastening screws, a first bottom hole is formed in the first drilling template, the first replaceable drilling sleeve and the first replaceable reaming sleeve are mounted on the first bottom hole in a replaceable mode through clearance fit, the first locking screws are used for fastening during machining, the thick hole inspection pin is a step pin, and after the crank type part is positioned and clamped, the rough machining hole site precision and the clamping and positioning accuracy of the crank type part can be preliminarily inspected; the crank positioning drill jig assembly comprises a crank positioning plate, a second replaceable drill bushing, a second replaceable hinge bushing and a second locking screw, the crank positioning plate is vertically installed in a U-shaped avoiding area of the bottom plate, a positioning surface is arranged on the crank positioning plate towards the side of a crank part, a second bottom hole is further machined in the crank positioning plate, the second replaceable drill bushing and the second replaceable hinge bushing are installed on the second bottom hole in a replaceable mode through clearance fit, and the second replaceable drill bushing and the second replaceable hinge bushing are fastened through the second locking screw during machining; the L-shaped drill jig assembly comprises an L-shaped drill jig plate, a first fixed drill bushing and a second fixed drill bushing, the L-shaped drill jig plate is fixedly installed on the upper plane of the bottom plate through a screw pin structure, the L-shaped drill jig plate is an L-shaped part, the inner shape of the L-shaped drill jig plate is approximately matched with the outer diameter of the crank type part, certain intervals exist, a third bottom hole and a fourth bottom hole are machined in the L-shaped drill jig plate, and the first fixed drill bushing and the second fixed drill bushing are installed in the third bottom hole and the fourth bottom hole in an interference fit mode; the pressure plate assembly consists of a pressure plate, a locking long bolt and a support bolt.

2. The special machining clamp for the crank type part as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the flatness and parallelism of the upper plane and the lower plane of the bottom plate of the special processing clamp of the crank part need to be controlled within 0.02, the verticality between the supporting side plate and the lower plane of the bottom plate is controlled within 0.02, the special processing clamp, the design standard is that the upper plane of the bottom plate is taken as a reference surface A, the bottom hole of the positioning pin on the bottom plate is vertical to the bottom plate, taking the intersection point of the axis of the bottom hole of the positioning pin and the reference plane A as an original point, taking the original point vertical to the positioning plane on the crank positioning block as the X positive direction, and the position vertical to the reference plane A as the Z direction, establishing a coordinate system by a right-handed Cartesian principle, ensuring that the distance from an original point to a positioning surface on the crank positioning block is within plus or minus 0.03, meanwhile, the position degrees of the first bottom hole and the second bottom hole are required to be within 0.08, and the position degrees of the third bottom hole and the fourth bottom hole are required to be within 0.15.

3. The special machining fixture for crank type parts according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the coaxial step positioning pin is a coaxial step pin and is divided into an upper half section and a lower half section, the lower half section is arranged on a positioning pin bottom hole of the bottom plate in an interference fit mode, and the outer diameter size of the upper half section is smaller than 0.03 of an inner hole of a crank part and used for positioning the crank part.

4. The special machining fixture for crank type parts as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: the special processing clamp for the crank type parts comprises a processing technology method that after a bottom plate is processed into an outline and U-shaped avoidance area, an upper plane and a lower plane are ground, a diagonal ruler edge is ground at the same time, and a bottom hole of a positioning pin is bored; after the connecting vertical plate and the supporting side plate are installed on the bottom plate, grinding the outer vertical surface of the supporting side plate by taking the lower plane of the bottom plate and one angle ruler edge as references to ensure the verticality of the supporting side plate and the bottom plate; and processing the positioning surface on the crank positioning block by using a precise five-axis machine tool by taking the bottom hole of the positioning pin and the angle ruler edge on the bottom plate as references, wherein the first bottom hole, the second bottom hole, the third bottom hole and the fourth bottom hole ensure the relevant dimensional requirements.