CN110736407A

CN110736407A - machine tool external working condition simulator based on automatic precision machining and alignment method

Info

Publication number: CN110736407A
Application number: CN201910920679.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 郑掷; 朱阳光
Original assignee: Xi'an Edward Measuring Equipment Co Ltd
Current assignee: Xi'an Edward Measuring Equipment Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-09-27
Filing date: 2019-09-27
Publication date: 2020-01-31

Abstract

The invention provides machine tool external working condition simulators based on automatic precision machining and an alignment method, wherein a measuring base is arranged on a simulator base, at least reference systems are arranged on the measuring base, the measuring base is aligned by repeatedly pulling a lever dial indicator by taking the reading of the lever dial indicator as a reference, the original point of a fixture coordinate system is set by taking the central point of the measuring base as a center and the same characteristic structure, the actual coordinate values of the original point of the reference system coordinate system under the simulator and a CNC are obtained, the difference value of three-axis coordinates is recorded for compensation, so that the superposed construction of the simulator and the CNC coordinate system of a different machine is obtained, after the superposed construction of the coordinate system of the different machine is finished, the actual position of a workpiece to be machined and the offset value of the coordinate original point are measured by the simulator, and the work of a machining unit is controlled by the position offset value and the NC machining technology through a communication module, so that the aim of.

Description

machine tool external working condition simulator based on automatic precision machining and alignment method

Technical Field

The invention relates to hardware technical requirements, control technologies, working condition simulation schemes, measurement schemes, automatic communication technologies and NC machining technologies for external working condition simulation equipment of a machine tool and a matching system, in particular to control, operation and control, personnel operation schemes, working condition simulation schemes and coordinate system creation and conversion of a simulator, communication and control technologies of the simulator and a CNC machining center or other related systems, and particularly to external working condition simulators of the machine tool based on automatic precision machining and an alignment method.

Background

At present, with the acceleration of life rhythm and the high quality of life, people have higher demands on the quality and the updating period of terminal products, and higher quality requirements and shorter production periods are provided for the manufacturing industry, so that the proportion of precision machines in enterprise production is gradually increased, and meanwhile, enterprises need to carry out lean production to shorten the manufacturing period. Lean production requires that data sharing and transmission can be realized among all processes and inspections, the clamping, alignment and inspection time on a machine tool are reduced as much as possible, the actual utilization rate of the machine tool is improved, the production auxiliary time is reduced, the reject ratio of products is reduced, and the requirements of enterprises on machining precision, production efficiency and process monitoring are met.

The typical milling and discharging process in the die manufacturing is taken as an example, a workpiece needs to be aligned on a machine tool before milling, a part needs to be checked after milling, the alignment needs to be performed on the electric spark machine tool again after the sequence is changed to discharging processing, and the inspection needs to be performed after processing.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention provides external working condition simulators of machine tools based on automatic precision machining and an alignment method.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

A simulator for the external working conditions of machine tool based on automatic precision machining, comprises

A base, a simulator base arranged above the base,

a Y shaft assembly arranged on the side of the simulator base , an X shaft assembly arranged on the Y shaft assembly, a Z shaft assembly arranged on the X shaft assembly, and a side head system arranged on the Z shaft assembly, wherein a dial indicator is arranged on the side head,

a measuring base is arranged on the simulator base, at least reference systems are arranged on the measuring base, the measuring base is aligned by repeatedly pulling the lever dial indicator by taking the reading of the lever dial indicator as reference,

then, the center point of the measuring base is taken as the center, the original point of the coordinate system of the clamp is set by the same characteristic structure, the actual coordinate values of the original point of the coordinate system of the reference system under the simulator and the CNC are obtained, the difference value of the three-axis coordinates is recorded for compensation, and the overlapped construction of the coordinate systems of the simulator and the CNC different machine is obtained,

after the coordinate systems of the different machines are overlapped and built, the actual position of the workpiece to be machined and the coordinate origin position deviation value are measured by the simulator, the position deviation value and the NC machining technology are used for controlling the machining unit to work through the communication module, and the aim of alignment by the simulator is fulfilled.

, the Y-axis assembly comprises a Y-axis transmission mechanism arranged on the side of the base , a Y-axis guide rail arranged on the Y-axis transmission mechanism, a support column arranged in the Y-axis guide rail, a Y-axis metering system arranged at the Y-axis guide rail,

an X-axis transmission mechanism is arranged on the supporting column, an X-axis guide rail is arranged on the X-axis transmission mechanism, an X-axis metering system is arranged along the X-axis guide rail,

install slide on the X axle guide rail, install Z axle drive assembly on the slide, install Z axle drive mechanism on the Z axle drive assembly, install the Z axle guide rail on Z axle drive mechanism, install Z axle measurement system on the Z axle guide rail, the first system mount of side is on Z axle guide rail.

, the X-axis transmission mechanism, the Y-axis transmission mechanism and the Z-axis transmission mechanism are of ball screw, linear motor and synchronous belt transmission.

, an alignment operation controller and a measurement operation controller are arranged in the base.

, a display screen, an electronic hand wheel for alignment operation and a manual measuring operator are further arranged on the base of the simulator, and the electronic hand wheel for alignment operation and the manual measuring operator are respectively and electrically connected with the alignment operation controller and the measurement operation controller correspondingly.

The invention also provides alignment methods, which uses the simulator based on automatic precision machining, comprising a simulator, a CNC and an NC combined operation unit,

the reading of the lever dial indicator is taken as reference, the measuring base is aligned by repeatedly pulling the lever dial indicator,

, creating the same reference system under the combined operation of CNC and NC, aligning the system , using the simulator as a transfer machine, acquiring coordinate system difference information, and superposing the coordinates of a plurality of different positions.

And , when the simulator is used as a relay, the coordinate system and the workpiece characteristic information obtained by creating the same reference system under the CNC and NC combined operation are transmitted to the simulator through the communication module for translation.

, using the simulator as a platform, associating the coordinate systems of the multiple devices with the simulator respectively, then performing compensation operation by the simulator to obtain the deviation value of the coordinate systems of the multiple devices, and further conducting the deviation value of the coordinate systems and the compensation information of the workpieces to relevant processing information during processing, so that the multiple devices can be processed under the same coordinate system.

The simulator provided by the invention can be stopped in any process, and can be used for inspecting parts. And if the machining is qualified, continuing machining, if the machining is not qualified, repairing the machined part under the original coordinate system after the CNC machining unit is clamped according to the measurement information, and then checking the machined part again until the machined part is qualified. Can trail the whole link promptly when the test piece, the analysis solves the problem, and the online control course of working of full closed loop during volume production effectively improves the machined part quality to through processing equipment do not shut down, personnel work does not wait for, promote processing equipment efficiency by a wide margin.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a simulator body;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the accuracy of the installation and repositioning of the reference system;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the simulator alignment module installation;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a contact measurement module;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a pull table alignment and reference system coordinate system creation;

FIG. 6 is a high-precision review chart after the simulator is pulled to test the meter;

FIG. 7 is a diagram of inspection of workpiece attitude and critical dimensions;

FIG. 8 is a diagram of information flow naming rules;

FIG. 9 is a graph of coordinate offset of a reference system and offset of a coordinate system of a different machine;

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the position conversion of different workpieces and an algorithm diagram;

FIG. 11 is a flowchart comparing the clamping of the reference system with the conventional clamping;

FIG. 12 is a flow chart comparing the clamping of the datum system with the conventional clamping for inspection and trimming;

FIG. 13 is a flowchart of a reference system multi-machine coordinate system integration comparison;

FIG. 14 is a flow chart comparing multi-function testing of the simulator with conventional multi-station testing;

FIG. 15 is a schematic view of the alignment operation of the simulator;

FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of the operation and control of the measurement operation of the simulator;

fig. 17 is a schematic view of the multifunctional measuring head.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION

The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, wherein the exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are provided to explain the present invention without limiting the invention thereto.

Referring to fig. 1 to 17, the invention specifically discloses external working condition simulators of machine tool based on automatic precision machining, which comprises

A base 1, a simulator base 2 arranged above the base 1,

a Y shaft assembly arranged on the side of the simulator base 2 , an X shaft assembly arranged on the Y shaft assembly, a Z shaft assembly arranged on the X shaft assembly, and a side head system arranged on the Z shaft assembly, wherein a dial indicator 19 is arranged on the side head,

the simulator base 2 is provided with a measuring base 16, the measuring base 16 is provided with at least reference systems 17, the measuring base 16 is aligned by repeatedly pulling the dial indicator 16 with the reading of the dial indicator 16 as reference,

then, by taking the central point of the measuring base 16 as the center, setting the original point of the fixture coordinate system by the same characteristic structure, obtaining the actual coordinate values of the original point of the coordinate system of the reference system 17 under the simulator and the CNC, recording the difference value of the three-axis coordinates for compensation, thus obtaining the overlapped construction of the coordinate systems of the simulator and the CNC different machine,

In the invention, the simulator alignment installation mode as shown in fig. 3A and 3B is adopted, the simulator alignment installation mode shown in fig. 3A is an externally-hung installation mode, and comprises a side head seat installation seat 100 installed at the lower part of a Z-axis transmission assembly, a side head seat 101 arranged at the bottom of the side head seat installation seat 100, an externally-hung dial seat 107 arranged at the lower part of the side head seat 101, a contact type side head 108 arranged at the lower part of the externally-hung dial seat, an externally-hung arm 102 arranged at the side of the side head seat installation seat 101 , a positioning knob 101 arranged on the externally-hung arm 102, a dial seat 104 arranged at the lower end of the externally-hung arm, an externally-hung dial gauge 106 arranged at the lower end of the dial seat 104, a pre-tightening knob 103 and a fine-adjusting knob 105 arranged on the externally-hung arm, wherein the positioning knob is used for positioning the externally-hung arm at the side of the Z-axis transmission assembly , the pre-tightening knob is used for fixing the externally.

Fig. 3B adopts a direct connection, which includes a side head base mounting seat mounted on the lower portion of the Z-axis transmission assembly, a direct connection side head base 110 disposed at the bottom of the side head base mounting seat, a direct connection adapter rod 109 disposed at the bottom of the direct connection side head base 110, and a direct connection dial indicator 111 disposed on the direct connection adapter rod.

, the Y-axis assembly comprises a Y-axis transmission mechanism arranged on the base side, a Y-axis guide rail 10 arranged on the Y-axis transmission mechanism, a support column 9 arranged in the Y-axis guide rail 10, a Y-axis metering system arranged at the Y-axis guide rail 10,

an X-axis transmission mechanism is arranged on the supporting column 9, an X-axis guide rail 6 is arranged on the X-axis transmission mechanism 5, an X-axis metering system 8 is arranged along the X-axis guide rail 6,

the X-axis guide rail 6 is provided with an slide seat, the slide seat is provided with a Z-axis transmission assembly, the Z-axis transmission assembly is provided with a Z-axis transmission mechanism and a Z-axis guide rail arranged on the Z-axis transmission mechanism, the Z-axis guide rail is provided with a Z-axis metering system, and the side head system is arranged on the Z-axis guide rail.

In the invention, a general reference System (or a clamp System) such as a MacroNano nano chuck of a System 3R company can provide comprehensive repositioning attitude deviation up to 0.5um, solve the problem of increased accumulation of positioning errors caused by multiple clamping among different devices and solve the problem of repeatability of alignment precision of different devices;

when the alignment is carried out, the table alignment fixture system is pulled based on the reference system,

setting the original point of the coordinate system of the fixture by the same characteristic structure in a split centering mode, obtaining the actual coordinate values of the original point under a simulator and a CNC, recording the difference value of the three-axis coordinates for compensation, and completing the overlapping construction work of the coordinate system of the different machine;

on the basis, the actual position of the workpiece to be machined and the offset value of the position of the origin of coordinates are measured by the simulator, the position offset value is transmitted by the information management system, and the NC machining technology is used for controlling the machining unit to work, so that the aim of alignment by the simulator can be fulfilled.

The simulator can provide comprehensive precision of a single shaft in a 0.001mm grade, and the walking is stable, so that the precision can be effectively ensured in the manual meter pulling process, steps can be carried out through the measuring system, the measurement is carried out after the meter pulling, the alignment precision verification is carried out through the corrected measuring system in a 0.001mm precision, and a result is given.

According to the prior art, the same reference system is arranged on different processing units, the system is used for alignment, a simulator is used as a transfer machine to obtain coordinate system difference information to overlap a plurality of coordinate systems at different positions, and before each sequence conversion, the related coordinate system and the workpiece posture information are translated and transmitted through a simulator software system, so that the processing precision of the part sequence conversion is not influenced by the coordinate deviation values of a clamp and each processing unit, and the processing precision is effectively ensured.

In the traditional processing, when the parts are processed or need to be checked in a certain process, the parts need to be taken down from the processing unit and checked on a measuring machine, the checking result of the parts can only be used for qualification judgment, and the checking result cannot be used as an accurate reference for part restoration due to the problem of secondary clamping error.

In the same way, the problems that in traditional machining, inter-process detection and finished product detection must be carried out by means of the on-line detection function of the machining unit are solved, and the selection cost of machining equipment is effectively reduced.

Based on the above, the problems of coordinate system between devices and ultrahigh-precision clamping reset have been explained, the simulator can be used as a platform, multiple device coordinate systems are respectively associated with the simulator, and then the simulator performs compensation operation to obtain the deviation value condition of each device coordinate system.

By taking typical die machining as an example, milling and electrical discharge machining are often combined, a plurality of measuring instruments such as a three-coordinate measuring machine, an optical measuring machine, a roughness meter and the like are often used in the inspection process, and data cannot be effectively integrated, through the above contents, how to carry out a system on the equipment coordinate system is explained, then a plurality of measuring module measuring heads are carried on a simulator to carry out composite measurement under the same coordinate system, the measuring modules include but are not limited to a contact type detecting measuring head, a contact type scanning measuring head, a contact type roughness module, a non-contact optical camera type, a non-contact laser type and the like.

Traditional measuring instrument does not need the manual work to let equipment pinpoint during the use, and alleviates unnecessary operation, then mostly adopts the rocker control system who uses the analog quantity as the signal. In order to meet the implementation of the above scheme, particularly when a worker operates the pull meter, the operation mode of the simulation machine should be similar to the operation mode used for alignment of the processing unit, such as inching, long-acting and the like.

The scheme adopts a mode of superposing an analog quantity manual operator by a pulse quantity electronic hand wheel, and performs function switching by a controller logic enabling switching mode, thereby perfectly reproducing the functions of variable rate inching and long-time movement of a machining center, and for conveniently and visually embodying the state of equipment, an information display screen is arranged beside a reference system.

As shown in figure 1, the external preset simulator provides comprehensive straightness, three shafts with good mutual perpendicularity are used for alignment or measurement of the pull meter, the comprehensive straightness can reach 2um or L/100 (um) as required, and the perpendicularity can reach 2um or L/100 as required. The three shafts of the device comprise independent metering systems and transmission systems, and can be operated by an alignment operation controller matched with an electronic hand wheel or a measurement operation controller matched with a hand operator according to requirements.

It is furnished with multi-functional screen display for provide required specific information when the current operation, such as: axis selection, coordinate values, velocity, acceleration, distance, etc.

The jig is provided with or a plurality of aligned reference systems arranged in a working space, can be adapted to various types of reference jig systems, and can be used for clamping various types of workpieces.

The operation module can be freely replaced between the measurement and alignment modules according to requirements.

As shown in fig. 2, the base 1 and the base 2 in fig. 2 use the same quick-change seat, and the reference system can provide effective comprehensive repositioning accuracy of any quick-change seat and reference seat up to 0.5 um.

As shown in fig. 3A and 3B, the alignment system can be installed in two ways, and after installation, the pressure gauge and alignment can be performed along with the three-axis movement of the simulator.

The external hanging mode of the measuring device is easy to interfere with a measuring module (namely, a graphical contact type measuring head), and a right-direction direct connection mode is adopted for description in the following.

As shown in fig. 4, the measurement operation module employs a probe system used in a conventional measuring machine, which can perform an operation by contact measurement.

As shown in FIG. 5, the base of the reference system is aligned by the repeating pull meter, the dial indicator is used as a reference, and the posture of the base is continuously adjusted to be less than or equal to 1um as required while the pull meter is pulled. Because the coordinate system of the simulator is the basic reference coordinate system.

After alignment, a reference system coordinate system (finding the origin of the coordinate system) can be established on the machining unit, the electric spark unit and the simulator respectively with the same characteristics in a manner shown in a view 4 at the lower side of fig. 5.

In order to ensure that the data information is correct when the simulator software platform and the processing unit perform NC communication, information streams are named in a manner shown in fig. 8 to distinguish the order and directionality of devices, workpieces, device mapping devices, and workpiece mapping devices.

After finding the origin of the reference system coordinates, as shown in FIG. 9, the coordinate system offset value of the current device should be X1/Y1/Z1 (and the rest is analogized), and the coordinate system offset values of the different devices are summed two by two. And inputting the offset values of all the devices into a software platform of the simulator on the basis, and finishing the overlapping construction work of the coordinate systems of the different machines on the basis.

After the coordinate system overlay construction work of the different machine is completed, the alignment and measurement are performed on the workpiece on the simulator, and the actual coordinate values after the workpiece together with the quick change seat thereof is replaced with other equipment are shown in fig. 10.

The simulation machine completes the simulation function of the external coordinate system of each processing unit, can complete the functions of alignment, tool setting and inspection in the previous process before processing, and can perform inspection, state analysis and monitoring at any time during and after processing.

Traditional pull meter alignment work is carried out the pull meter alignment by the operator at the processing unit, and its gauge stand often adsorbs on the main shaft, and it is great that the pressure table declination appears easily this moment, and the pressure table is not in the normal direction of losing, and the gauge utensil precision is lower, the processing unit bears the impact load and leads to unipolar precision loss, and operator's improper operation scheduling problem restricts the alignment process precision before the processing greatly. The guide rail of the simulator does not bear impact load, the problems of long-term use precision loss and the like do not exist, the comprehensive straightness and verticality can reach 2um, the short distance can be considered to be less than or equal to 1um, and the measuring module can be replaced after the pull meter to calibrate, so that precision recheck is completed with equipment precision.

As shown in fig. 6, the measurement operation module is replaced, the pull meter reference is measured for the second time, and the position difference in the direction of the pull meter in the vertical direction is obtained, and if the base pull meter is parallel to the X axis, the difference in the Y axis can be obtained, and the repeated correction is performed according to the difference.

In the traditional processing process, the pull gauge alignment is required every time of secondary clamping, but each alignment can only select a certain reference surface as the pull gauge reference, but in actual processing, due to processing errors, the selected reference surface is not determined as the best reference surface,

then, as shown in fig. 7, the simulator may perform characteristic inspection on the part to be machined of the external semi-finished product by replacing the measurement operation module, and then may select a reference surface for alignment according to the state of the part to be machined or perform offset alignment as required.

As shown in fig. 11, compared with the conventional clamping, the clamping of the reference system not only saves the clamping time of each sequence conversion, increases the effective starting time of the machine tool, but also reduces the machining errors and alignment errors brought in between the processes, the offset of the coordinate system of the workpiece in the conventional machining is accumulated continuously as the clamping times increase, and the reference system adopts the same reference from beginning to end.

As shown in fig. 12, in the conventional machining, the coordinate systems of the multiple machining units cannot be unified , and the coordinate system cannot be unified after each clamping, that is, the machining cannot be started with the same coordinate origin as a reference, which brings two problems that the machining is troublesome for many years, 1, the initial deviation is large, 2, how to repair after the detection device detects the problem?

Based on a simulation machine software platform, after the simulation machine software platform is matched with a reference system, the simulation machine software platform can achieve a machining reference and inspection reference two-in-one , and really achieve where the parts are not corrected, and if a part designer participates, the simulation machine software platform can achieve a design reference, a machining reference and an inspection reference three-in-one .

On the basis, the processing precision can be effectively improved.

As shown in fig. 13, compared with the conventional processing method, based on a simulator software platform, the different machine coordinate system is superimposed and reconstructed in the foregoing manner in cooperation with a reference system, so that each machine can be simulated in the same space and the same coordinate system, the coordinate offset problem between devices is solved by calling an initial reference system coordinate offset value (as shown in fig. 9) stored in the simulator software platform, and then a workpiece offset value (as shown in fig. 10) is called, and the calculation is performed according to the mapping relationship in which the information flow naming rule shown in fig. 8 is used as a pointer, so that data transmission can be performed through an NC communication technology for processing when a part is subjected to sequence change.

As shown in fig. 14, in the conventional process, different measuring devices, such as an optical measuring machine, a three-coordinate measuring machine, a roughness measuring instrument, etc., are often used for each process.

The simulator may be a measuring head system used in the conventional measuring machine or a dedicated measuring system as shown in fig. 17, and various measuring heads are mounted to measure the same workpiece, and the standard ball is corrected to superimpose the coordinates of the various measuring heads.

In order to deal with the difference between the alignment operation and the measurement operation, the simulator is specially provided with two working conditions, and each working condition is provided with a corresponding control system and a corresponding control unit, as shown in a control principle of the alignment operation of the simulator in fig. 15 and a control principle of the measurement operation of the simulator in fig. 16.

The operation mode of the conventional processing unit is adopted during the measurement operation, and the controller thereof can be integrated into a body as required during the alignment operation, the technical scheme disclosed by the embodiment of the invention is described in detail above, the principle and the implementation mode of the embodiment of the invention are explained in the text by applying the specific embodiment, the description of the above embodiment is only used for helping to understand the principle of the embodiment of the invention, meanwhile, for persons in the field, the specific implementation mode and the application range can be changed according to the embodiment of the invention, and in conclusion, the content of the description should not be understood as the limitation of the invention.

Claims

1, kinds of machine tool external working condition simulator based on automatic precision machining, which is characterized by comprising

A base, a simulator base arranged above the base,

2. The automatic precision machining-based machine tool external working condition simulator is characterized in that the Y-axis assembly comprises a Y-axis transmission mechanism arranged on the side of the base , a Y-axis guide rail arranged on the Y-axis transmission mechanism, a support column is arranged in the Y-axis guide rail, a Y-axis metering system is arranged at the Y-axis guide rail,

3. The automatic precision machining-based machine tool external working condition simulator of claim 2, wherein types of ball screw, linear motor and synchronous belt transmission are selected as the X-axis transmission mechanism, the Y-axis transmission mechanism and the Z-axis transmission mechanism.

4. The automatic precision machining-based external working condition simulator of a machine tool according to claim 1, wherein an alignment operation controller and a measurement operation controller are arranged in the base.

5. The automatic precision machining-based simulator for the external working conditions of the machine tool according to claim 1, wherein a display screen, an electronic handwheel for alignment work and a manual measuring operator are further arranged on the simulator base, and the electronic handwheel for alignment work and the manual measuring operator are respectively and correspondingly and electrically connected with the alignment work controller and the manual measuring operator.

6, alignment method, using the simulator based on the automatic precision machining outside the machine tool of claims 1-5, characterized in that it comprises the simulator, CNC and NC combined operation units,

7. The alignment method of claim 6, wherein the same reference system is created under CNC and NC combined operation, and the system is aligned to obtain coordinate system difference information to superimpose the coordinates of a plurality of different positions by using a simulation machine as a transfer.

8. The alignment method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the coordinate system and the workpiece feature information obtained by creating the same reference system under the CNC and NC combined operation are transmitted to the simulator through the communication module for translation when the simulator is used as a relay.

9. The alignment method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the simulator is used as a platform, the coordinate systems of the multiple devices are respectively associated with the simulator, the simulator performs compensation operation to obtain the deviation value of each device coordinate system, and further, when processing, the deviation value of the coordinate system is combined with the workpiece compensation information and transmitted to the related processing information, so that the multiple devices can be regarded as being processed in the same coordinate system.