CN114167545A - Design method of ultra-compact adiabatic mode coupler - Google Patents

Design method of ultra-compact adiabatic mode coupler Download PDF

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CN114167545A
CN114167545A CN202111476502.8A CN202111476502A CN114167545A CN 114167545 A CN114167545 A CN 114167545A CN 202111476502 A CN202111476502 A CN 202111476502A CN 114167545 A CN114167545 A CN 114167545A
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waveguide
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adiabatic mode
mode coupler
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梁图禄
荣巍巍
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
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Abstract

The invention discloses a design method of an ultra-compact adiabatic mode coupler, belonging to the technical field of couplers; the technical scheme is as follows: the design method of the ultra-compact adiabatic mode coupler comprises the following steps: step 1: segmentation of adiabatic mode coupler: the coupler is divided into a C part and a D part, and the C part is only considered due to structural symmetry, and is divided into 15 different segments for simulation; step 2: determining the length of each segment; and step 3: constructing respective regions by using the propagation length L obtained in the step 2, and splicing all the segments together to form a complete waveguide shape; and 4, step 4: scanning the total length to obtain a transmission curve of the complete adiabatic mode coupler; and 5: the length of the device to be used is selected according to the application requirements. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention realizes partial or complete coupling of the light beam power in one waveguide to the other waveguide, and has the advantages of simple structure, small size, large bandwidth and easy processing.

Description

Design method of ultra-compact adiabatic mode coupler
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of couplers, in particular to a design method of an ultra-compact adiabatic mode coupler.
Background
Silicon waveguides based on SOI structures have attracted considerable attention due to their manufacturing compatibility with Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) processes, as well as good mode confinement and enhanced nonlinearity. Waveguides in different devices are typically designed with different cross-sections to achieve different functions. Adiabatic couplers, which comprise two waveguides in close enough proximity that part of the fields of their respective optical modes overlap each other, where the beam power in one waveguide can be partially or fully coupled to the other waveguide, are "connectors" in photonic integrated circuits that connect various optical functional units, and play an important role in future large-scale photonic integrated chips.
While the total length of the waveguide structure sweep can be simply varied linearly to achieve the desired device length for a particular transmission power when designing an adiabatic coupler, the device length achieved in this manner can significantly exceed the desired length. The existing design of the heat insulation device is based on the analytic solution of an equation set, some assumptions and approximations are usually needed, and the problems of complex structure, difficult processing and the like exist.
How to solve the above technical problems is the subject of the present invention.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a design method of an ultra-compact adiabatic mode coupler, and provides a numerical design method to realize the ultra-compact adiabatic mode coupler, so that the partial or complete coupling of the light beam power in one waveguide to another waveguide is realized, and the ultra-compact adiabatic mode coupler has the advantages of simple structure, small size, large bandwidth and easiness in processing. Such compact adiabatic mode couplers constitute a key component of photonic integrated circuit systems and play an important role in future large-scale photonic integrated chips.
The invention is achieved by the measure that the invention illustrates the design process by using an adiabatic mode coupler made on a slab of silicon waveguides on a silicon-on-insulator thin film substrate, the two waveguides of which, waveguide a and waveguide B, are placed in close proximity to each other, wherein the height h of the Si waveguide is 0.3 μm. The widths of the two Si waveguides are denoted w1And w2The gap width between the waveguides is marked g and the optical wavelength is 1.55 μm.
Width w of two waveguides1And w2Gradually changing along the propagation direction x, at one end of the coupler (input plane x ═ x)I0), the first width is w1Has a narrow waveguide with a second width w2Is wider at the other end (output plane x ═ x)IL), the first waveguide is narrowed by a narrow width, the second waveguide is narrowed by a wide width, and x is equal to x in the centerCAt L/2, the widths of the two waveguides become equal, and this position is called the phase matching plane.
It is an object of the present invention to design an adiabatic mode coupler that enables a desired mode to be moved adiabatically over a short distance, thereby spatially coupling its modal power from one waveguide to another, while minimizing the need to couple other unnecessarily high-order modes or radiation modes.
The invention is based on the basic principle of adiabatic mode coupler design: in 2009, Yariv et al proposed a general standard for designing adiabatic couplers, the expression for which is as follows:
Figure BDA0003393596510000021
where κ is the coupling strength between waveguide a and waveguide B in the coupler, ε is the loss percentage, and γ is δ/κ, where δ is the mismatch coefficient between the independent uncoupled waveguide mode propagation constants.
The invention provides a design method of an ultra-compact adiabatic mode coupler, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: segmentation of adiabatic mode couplers
The coupler is divided into two parts (C part and D part), and due to the structural symmetry, the C part is only required to be considered and is divided into 15 different segments for simulation;
even eigenmode eeAnd odd eigenmodes eoRespectively are
Figure BDA0003393596510000022
And
Figure BDA0003393596510000023
the mismatch coefficient between the mode propagation constants of the uncoupled waveguide is expressed as
Figure BDA0003393596510000024
Thus, the coupling strength between waveguide A and waveguide B in the coupler is
Figure BDA0003393596510000025
And γ is defined as γ ═ δ/κ;
the above parameters for each segment can be obtained by using FDTD simulation.
Step 2: determining the length of each segment
For each segment, the length of each segment is determined by using equation (1), in the present invention taking equal sign in equation (1), i.e.
Figure BDA0003393596510000026
From equation (2), it can be obtained
Figure BDA0003393596510000027
Wherein,
Figure BDA0003393596510000028
Figure BDA0003393596510000029
the length of each segment can be obtained by equation (3) through the FDTD simulation parameters in step 1.
And step 3: the propagation length L obtained in step 2 is used to construct the respective regions and then all segments are spliced together to form the complete waveguide shape.
And 4, step 4: scanning the total length to obtain a transmission curve of the complete adiabatic mode coupler;
and 5: the length of the device to be used is selected according to the application requirements.
The invention compares the designed adiabatic tapered waveguide with the condition that the input end and the output end are connected in a straight line, and can see that the length of the adiabatic tapered waveguide designed by the invention is much shorter than that based on the straight line for the same power transmission, thereby showing the compactness of the adiabatic coupler designed by the method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. it is an object of the present invention to design an adiabatic mode coupler that enables a desired mode to be moved adiabatically over a short distance, thereby spatially coupling its modal power from one waveguide to another, while minimizing other unwanted coupling, higher order modes or radiation modes.
2. The invention compares the designed adiabatic tapered waveguide with the condition that the input end and the output end are connected in a straight line, and for the same power transmission, the length of the adiabatic tapered waveguide designed by the invention is much shorter than that based on the straight line, thereby showing the compactness of the adiabatic coupler designed by the method.
3. After the adiabatic mode coupler is segmented, the selection mode of each segment length is numerically controlled to realize the adiabatic mode coupler with small size, easy processing, large bandwidth and simple structure.
4. The invention uses equation (3) to determine the length of each segment by segmenting the adiabatic mode coupler, thereby saving computation time and improving design efficiency.
5. The adiabatic mode coupler is segmented in a numerical mode, so that the ultra-compact adiabatic mode coupler is realized.
6. The invention has simple design, and the designed device has small size, simple structure, large bandwidth and easy processing.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is the presentA schematic diagram of a coupled waveguide system in an embodiment of the invention; wherein (a) is a cross-sectional view of an adiabatic mode coupler; (b) is a top view of the adiabatic mode coupler, in which the local modes e on the input plane, the phase matching plane and the output plane are listedeAnd eoThe pattern profile of (1).
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a non-coupled waveguide system in an embodiment of the present invention; wherein (a) a cross-section; (b) and (4) a top view.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the length of each segment obtained by equation (2) in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a coupler geometry in an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a power transmission curve graph of a complete device obtained by the embodiment of the present invention in the case of a straight line connection.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The present invention, as shown in fig. 1, illustrates the design process by using an adiabatic mode coupler made on a slab of silicon waveguides on a silicon-on-insulator thin film substrate, the schematic of which is shown in fig. 1 and 2, which involves two waveguides, waveguide a and waveguide B, placed in close proximity to each other, the cross-section of which is shown in fig. 1, where the Si waveguide has a height h of 0.3 μm. The widths of the two Si waveguides are denoted w1And w2The gap width between the waveguides is marked g and the optical wavelength is 1.55 μm.
As shown in FIG. 1(b), the width w of the two waveguides1And w2Gradually changing along the propagation direction x, at one end of the coupler (input plane x ═ x)I0), the first width is w1Has a narrow waveguide with a second width w2The waveguide of (2) is wide. At the other end (output plane x ═ x)IL), the first waveguide is narrowed by a narrow width and the second waveguide is narrowed by a wide width. At the center x ═ xCAt L/2, the widths of the two waveguides become equal, and this position is called the phase matching plane.
It is an object of the present invention to design an adiabatic mode coupler such that a desired mode can be moved adiabatically over a short distance to spatially couple its modal power from one waveguide to another while minimizing other unwanted coupling (higher order modes or radiation modes).
1. Fundamental principles of adiabatic mode coupler design
In 2009, Yariv et al proposed a general standard for designing adiabatic couplers, the expression for which is as follows:
Figure BDA0003393596510000041
where κ is the coupling strength between waveguide a and waveguide B in the coupler, ε is the loss percentage, and γ is δ/κ, where δ is the mismatch coefficient between the independent uncoupled waveguide mode propagation constants.
2. Design mode for realizing adiabatic mode coupler in invention
Step 1: segmentation of adiabatic mode couplers
The coupler is divided into two parts (C and D parts) and due to the symmetry of the structure, only the C part needs to be considered, as shown in fig. 1 (b). Part C was divided into 15 different fragments for simulation as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 segmentation of adiabatic mode couplers
Figure BDA0003393596510000042
Figure BDA0003393596510000051
For theCoupled waveguide systems, e.g. FIG. 1, with even eigenmodeseAnd odd eigenmodes eoRespectively are
Figure BDA0003393596510000052
And
Figure BDA0003393596510000053
for the uncoupled waveguide system shown in FIG. 2, the even eigenmodes eeAnd odd eigenmodes eoRespectively are
Figure BDA0003393596510000054
And
Figure BDA0003393596510000055
the mismatch coefficient between the mode propagation constants of the uncoupled waveguide is expressed as
Figure BDA0003393596510000056
Thus, the coupling strength between waveguide A and waveguide B in the coupler is
Figure BDA0003393596510000057
And γ is defined as γ ═ δ/κ.
The above parameters for each segment can be obtained by using FDTD simulation.
Step 2: determining the length of each segment
For each segment, the length of each segment is determined by using equation (1), in the present invention taking equal sign in equation (1), i.e.
Figure BDA0003393596510000058
As shown in FIG. 3, the equation (2) can be used to obtain
Figure BDA0003393596510000059
Wherein,
Figure BDA00033935965100000510
Figure BDA0003393596510000061
the length of each segment can be obtained from equation (3) by using the FDTD simulation parameters in step 1, as shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 design parameters for adiabatic mode couplers
Figure BDA0003393596510000062
And step 3: the propagation length L obtained in step 2 is used to construct the respective regions and then all segments are spliced together to form the complete waveguide shape, as shown in fig. 4.
And 4, step 4: scanning the total length to obtain the transmission curve of the complete adiabatic mode coupler, as shown in FIG. 5;
and 5: the length of the device to be used is selected according to the application requirements.
The present invention compares the designed adiabatic tapered waveguide with the case where the input and output ends are connected in a straight line, as shown in fig. 5. It can be seen from the figure that for the same power transfer, the adiabatic tapered waveguide length designed by the present invention is much shorter than that based on a straight line. For example, when the power transmission is 95%, the total length required by the present invention is 210 μm, and the straight line case is 5680 μm — 5.68mm, so when 95% power transmission is required, the length required by the straight line case is 27 times or more the length required by the present invention. The compactness of the adiabatic coupler designed by the method of the invention is shown.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims (5)

1. A design method of an ultra-compact adiabatic mode coupler is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: segmentation of adiabatic mode coupler: the coupler is divided into a C part and a D part, and the C part is only considered due to the structural symmetry, and is divided into a plurality of different segments for simulation;
step 2: determining the length of each segment;
and step 3: constructing respective regions by using the propagation length L obtained in the step 2, and splicing all the segments together to form a complete waveguide shape;
and 4, step 4: scanning the total length to obtain a transmission curve of the complete adiabatic mode coupler;
and 5: the length of the device to be used is selected according to the application requirements.
2. The method of designing an ultra-compact adiabatic mode coupler of claim 1, wherein: in said step 1, for a coupled waveguide system, the even eigenmodes eeAnd odd eigenmodes eoRespectively are
Figure FDA0003393596500000011
And
Figure FDA0003393596500000012
for an uncoupled waveguide system, the even eigenmodes eeAnd odd eigenmodes eoRespectively are
Figure FDA0003393596500000013
And
Figure FDA0003393596500000014
the mismatch coefficient between the mode propagation constants of the uncoupled waveguide is expressed as
Figure FDA0003393596500000015
The coupling strength between waveguide A and waveguide B in the coupler is
Figure FDA0003393596500000016
And γ is defined as γ ═ δ/κ; the above parameters for each segment can be obtained by using FDTD simulation.
3. The method of designing an ultra-compact adiabatic mode coupler of claim 1, wherein: in the step 2, the expression for designing the adiabatic coupler is as follows:
Figure FDA0003393596500000017
where κ is the coupling strength between waveguide a and waveguide B in the coupler, ε is the loss percentage, γ is δ/κ, where δ is the mismatch coefficient between the independent uncoupled waveguide mode propagation constants;
for each segment, the length of each segment is determined by using equation (1), and the signs are taken equal in equation (1), i.e.
Figure FDA0003393596500000018
From equation (2), it can be obtained
Figure FDA0003393596500000019
Wherein,
Figure FDA00033935965000000110
Figure FDA0003393596500000021
the length of each segment is obtained from equation (3) by the FDTD simulation parameters in step 1.
4. The method of designing an ultra-compact adiabatic mode coupler of claim 1, wherein: the ultra-compact adiabatic mode coupler is an adiabatic mode coupler made on a silicon waveguide plate on a silicon-on-insulator thin film substrate, two waveguides A and two waveguides B of the adiabatic mode coupler are closely placed, the height h of the Si waveguide is 0.3 mu m, and the widths of the two Si waveguides are respectively marked as w1And w2The gap width between the waveguides is marked g and the optical wavelength is 1.55 μm.
5. The method of designing an ultra-compact adiabatic mode coupler of claim 4, wherein: the widths of the waveguide A and the waveguide B are w respectively1And w2Gradually changing along the propagation direction x, at one end of the coupler, the first width being w1A second width w2At the other end, the first waveguide is narrowed from narrow to wide, the second waveguide is narrowed from wide to narrow, and x is the center of the waveguideCAt L/2, the widths of the two waveguides become equal, and this position is called the phase matching plane.
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CN115494586A (en) * 2022-10-26 2022-12-20 南通大学 Double-waveguide adiabatic coupler
CN116931172A (en) * 2023-09-18 2023-10-24 之江实验室 Polarization independent mode spot converter
WO2024078237A1 (en) * 2022-10-11 2024-04-18 浙江大学 Electrostatic-comb-driven integrated waveguide mems optical switch based on adiabatic coupler

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CN114114540A (en) * 2021-12-09 2022-03-01 南通大学 Design method of efficient compact adiabatic mode converter
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CN115061235A (en) * 2022-06-28 2022-09-16 南通先进通信技术研究院有限公司 InP-based heat insulation guided wave system suitable for optical communication and millimeter wave communication
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WO2024078237A1 (en) * 2022-10-11 2024-04-18 浙江大学 Electrostatic-comb-driven integrated waveguide mems optical switch based on adiabatic coupler
CN115494586A (en) * 2022-10-26 2022-12-20 南通大学 Double-waveguide adiabatic coupler
CN116931172A (en) * 2023-09-18 2023-10-24 之江实验室 Polarization independent mode spot converter
CN116931172B (en) * 2023-09-18 2024-03-19 之江实验室 Polarization independent mode spot converter

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