CN114166716A - Rock three-dimensional seepage characteristic measurement test device and method - Google Patents
Rock three-dimensional seepage characteristic measurement test device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a rock mass three-dimensional seepage characteristic measurement test device and a test method which are developed aiming at the problem of rock mass three-dimensional seepage characteristics. The invention fully utilizes the existing high-pressure water sump device, breaks through the limitation of indoor tests generally limited to a small-scale test piece of a rock body with a single seepage path and under a certain water pressure condition in the previous research on rock body hydraulics tests, can simultaneously measure the seepage pressure slope drop, the seepage flow and the deformation of the rock body test piece in three different directions of the rock body test piece, can solve the seepage tensor component of the rock body by carrying out three times of seepage tests one in three out on the rock body test piece, and can solve the three main seepage coefficients and directions of the rock body by simultaneous solution, thereby having important theoretical value and practical engineering significance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rock mass seepage tests, in particular to a rock mass three-dimensional seepage characteristic measurement test device and method.
Background
Rock mass seepage research was initiated in the 1940 s by Romm, published as "fractured rock permeability characteristics" in 1966, the american scholars Snow proposed fractured slab seepage models, the french scholars Louis proposed fractured rock three-stage water pressure test methods, and the term "rock hydraulics" was first proposed in 1974 and published as a long paper. In summary, the research results represented by the three European and American students lay the theoretical basis of rock hydraulics. Thereafter, a large number of foreign scholars have been invested in this study. China also opened the preface of rock hydraulics research in the early 1980 s, and relevant professional universities and research institutions, including Wuhan university, river-sea university, Qinghua university, China Water conservancy and hydropower science research institute, Nanjing Water conservancy science research institute, Yangtze river science institute and other units in the water conservancy and hydropower field, have conducted intensive research, and have obtained abundant research results.
The main parameters of rock hydraulics are the hydraulic characteristics of a single fracture and the equivalent hydraulic characteristics of a rock body, and the two parameters are closely related. The permeability characteristics of the fractures and the rock mass between the fractures are the basic parameters that constitute the permeability tensor of the rock mass. The fracture permeability (or hydraulic conductivity) depends on the geometrical characteristics of the fracture surface (undulation difference, roughness, width, etc.), which can be measured only relatively accurately in the laboratory and has an extremely complicated influence relationship on the hydraulic conductivity of the fracture, so that the hydraulic conductivity is generally measured by performing a seepage test on a sample of a typical fracture. In fact, the cube theorem of the slab fracture and the correction of the cube theorem of the rough fracture are realized through indoor tests.
The invention discloses a testing device and a testing method for a thermal-hydraulic-mechanical three-field coupling large-scale model of a fractured rock body, which are disclosed by the invention with the application numbers of CN201310311071.9 and CN201310310013.4, are mainly used for simulating the seepage problem of the fractured rock body in a thermal environment, and the fractures are smooth and straight fractures.
The invention patent of application number CN106802272B is a rock mass fracture network seepage anisotropy test and visualization system, which is mainly used for research and utilization, can quantitatively determine the permeability coefficients of fracture networks in any shapes along different directions, and can also perform visualization research on seepage processes in different directions in the fracture networks.
Application number CN108333093A discloses a two-phase medium seepage test device of three-dimensional fracture network rock mass under stress, mainly studies a two-phase medium seepage test device of three-dimensional fracture network rock mass under stress. The device is only a seepage test for measuring the gas-liquid two-phase medium of the rock three-dimensional fracture network under the action of unidirectional stress.
Application number CN111638169A discloses a system and a method for testing seepage distribution of a three-dimensional fracture network of a rock mass, and mainly researches a seepage test of the three-dimensional fracture network of the rock mass under the condition of unidirectional water flow. The measured permeability parameter is the permeability tensor of the given direction, rather than the true three-dimensional permeability tensor of the rock mass.
In the above-mentioned research on rock mass fracture hydraulics, many indoor tests are performed on single-fracture and small-scale test pieces, many seepage-stress tests are performed under normal stress conditions, the geometric representativeness of fracture surfaces is insufficient, and the measured permeability tensors are basically plane permeability tensors rather than true three-dimensional permeability tensors of rock mass. The research on the hydraulic seepage characteristics of a three-dimensional rock mass test piece under the action of certain hydraulic pressure is lacked, and particularly the research on the seepage characteristics of surrounding rocks during water storage (water passing) periods such as dams, pressurized water diversion tunnels and the like in the water conservancy industry is a problem.
Therefore, aiming at the problem of rock mass seepage during water storage (water passing) periods such as dams, pressurized water diversion tunnels and the like in the water conservancy industry, the test method capable of accurately measuring the three-dimensional permeability tensor of the rock mass is developed, corresponding scientific research work is carried out, and the method has important theoretical value and engineering practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a test device and a method for measuring three-dimensional seepage characteristics of a rock mass, which can simultaneously measure the seepage pressure gradient, the seepage flow and the deformation of the rock mass test piece in three different directions under the condition of a certain water pressure, and break through the limitation of indoor tests generally limited to test pieces with single seepage direction and small scale in the previous rock mass hydraulics test research; three times of one-inlet-three-outlet seepage tests are carried out on the rock mass test piece, so that the permeability tensor component of the rock mass can be solved, and then three main permeability coefficients and directions of the rock mass can be solved through simultaneous solving, so that the method has important theoretical value and engineering practical significance.
A rock mass three-dimensional seepage characteristic measurement test device comprises a pressure stabilization servo system, a sealing system arranged on the side length of a rock mass test piece, three water supply loading systems in different directions, a stress strain and displacement observation system arranged on the surface of the rock mass test piece and a data acquisition system; the pressure stabilization servo system comprises a high-pressure water sump and a high-pressure water sump servo system communicated with the high-pressure water sump; the stress-strain and displacement observation system comprises a stress-strain sensor and a displacement sensor which are arranged on the surface of the rock mass test piece; the data acquisition system comprises a test acquisition instrument, and the stress strain sensor and the displacement sensor are respectively connected with the test acquisition instrument through cables; the water supply loading systems in three different directions are independent water supply systems, water pressure exchange is not carried out between the independent water supply systems, 6 surfaces of the rock mass test piece are tested by utilizing internal water pressure in the high-pressure water sump, and pressure, flow, displacement and stress strain are observed on each surface of the rock mass test piece through the test acquisition instrument.
Furthermore, the sealing system is a sealing strip installed on the side length of the rock mass test piece.
Further, the water supply loading system comprises a water permeable grating, a water permeable steel plate, a high-pressure pipeline, a high-pressure ball valve, a cross joint, a pressure gauge, a pressure sensor and a flow sensor, wherein the water permeable grating is installed on the outer side surface of the rock mass test piece, the water permeable steel plate is installed on the outer side of the water permeable grating, main water inlet holes are distributed on the side surface of the water permeable steel plate, criss-cross water through holes are distributed inside the water permeable grating, and the water through holes are distributed at the intersection points; the main water inlet hole of the permeable steel plate is connected with one end of a high-pressure pipeline, the other end of the high-pressure pipeline is connected with one port of a cross, the other three ports of the cross are respectively connected with a high-pressure ball valve, a pressure gauge and a pressure sensor, the high-pressure pipeline is also provided with a flow sensor, and the high-pressure ball valve is connected with a high-pressure water sump; the pressure sensor and the flow sensor are connected with the test acquisition instrument.
Furthermore, all the permeable steel plates are connected through hinges.
Furthermore, the rock mass test piece is a cube, and the size of the test piece is 500mm multiplied by 500 mm.
A rock mass three-dimensional seepage characteristic measurement test method is carried out by adopting the device, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: firstly, mounting a sealing strip on the side length of a rock mass test piece, mounting a stress-strain sensor and a displacement sensor on the surface of the rock mass test piece, mounting a permeable grating and permeable steel plates on the surface of the rock mass test piece, connecting the permeable steel plates into a whole through hinges, and then placing the rock mass test piece into a high-pressure water sump;
step 2: the device is characterized in that the device is respectively connected with three water supply loading systems in different directions, a pressure stabilizing water source in a high-pressure water sump reaches the surface of a rock mass test piece through a high-pressure ball valve, a high-pressure pipeline, a four-way joint, a flow sensor, a permeable steel plate and a permeable grille, and a stress strain sensor, a displacement sensor, a pressure sensor and a flow sensor are all connected with a test acquisition instrument;
and step 3: installing and locking a high-pressure water bin cover plate, and then injecting water into the high-pressure water bin to keep a certain pressure in the high-pressure water bin, so that three water supply loading systems in different directions are independent water supply systems, water pressure exchange is not performed among the three water supply loading systems, and a pressure-stabilizing water source for performing an osmosis test is also provided;
and 4, step 4: before the test is started, vacuumizing is respectively carried out on each surface of the rock mass test piece;
and 5: assuming that x, y and z are directions of three different sides of a cube respectively, closing a water supply loading system in the y direction and the z direction, simultaneously opening three stress strain and displacement observation systems in the x direction, the y direction and the z direction, opening the water supply loading system in the x direction to supply water and pressurize a rock mass test piece, and simultaneously observing pressure, flow, displacement and stress strain on 6 surfaces of the rock mass test piece through a data acquisition system after the pressure is stable;
step 6: in the same step 5, a y-direction water supply loading system and a z-direction water supply loading system are respectively used for testing, and pressure, flow, displacement and stress strain of 6 surfaces of the rock mass test piece are observed through a data acquisition system;
and 7: three times of one-inlet-three-outlet seepage tests are carried out on the rock mass test piece, so that the permeability tensor component of the rock mass can be solved, and then three main permeability coefficients and directions of the rock mass can be solved through simultaneous solving.
Further, in the step 3, the pressure maintained in the high-pressure water sump is about 3 MPa.
Further, the specific calculation process in step 7 is as follows:
Syz＝Ly×Lz
Sxz＝Lx×Lz
Sxy＝Ly×Lx
Vx＝Qx/Syz,Vy＝Qy/Sxz,Vz＝Qz/Sxy
in the formula:
pressure of each observation surface for the tested water power, Syz、、Sxz、SxyRespectively the surface areas, Q, of three different cross sections of the rock mass test piecex、Qy、QzRespectively observing the permeation quantity of the section observed in three different directions when water is supplied and loaded in one direction; vx、Vy、VzFlow velocity per unit area in three different observation directions for one-time one-in three-out test respectively; k is a radical ofxx、kxy、kxz、kyy、 kyz、kzz、kyx、kzx、kzyRespectively recording the permeation tensors of the observation section in three different directions during water supply loading in one direction, and kxy＝kyx，kxz＝kzx，kyz＝kzy；
Then, one time of one input and three times of output of the sample obtain the following observation equation:
the three-time one-in three-out observation equation is as follows:
wherein:
the expressions with superscripts respectively represent three different observed values;
by second-order osmosis
Calculating the main permeability coefficient and the direction process of the permeability;
note the book
The feature vector K and the feature vector x are such that
Ax is true for Kx;
the essential condition for the solution is | a-KE | ═ 0, where E is the identity matrix, and the resulting characteristic equation is:
K3-I1K2+I2K-I3＝0
wherein,
I1＝kxx+kyy+kzz
I2＝kxxkyy+kyykzz+kzzkxx-kxy 2-kyz 2-kzx 2
I3＝kxxkyykzz+2kxykyzkzx-kxxkyz 2-kyykzx 2-kzzkxy 2
solving the one-dimensional cubic equation can obtain 3 main permeability coefficients K1、K2And K3And substituting Ax ═ Kx respectively to obtain corresponding feature vectors.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method comprises the following steps of (1) solving the permeation tensor component of the rock mass test piece in the specified direction by performing a one-in three-out seepage test on the rock mass test piece; and through carrying out three-time one-inlet three-outlet seepage test on the rock mass test piece, three space main permeability coefficients and directions of the rock mass can be solved simultaneously, and an accurate test basis is provided for the seepage design of the rock mass.
2. The purpose of keeping a certain pressure in the high-pressure water sump is to compact the side length sealing strips of the test piece through the pressure difference between the high-pressure water sump and the interior of the rock mass test piece, so that the three water supply loading systems in different directions are independent water supply systems, and water pressure exchange is not carried out between the three water supply loading systems; meanwhile, the high-pressure water bin can also provide a pressure-stabilizing water source for carrying out an osmotic test.
3. The volume of the high-pressure water sump is far larger than the pore volume inside the rock mass test piece, so that the pressure stabilizing effect is better in the test process, and the tested test data is more accurate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of one embodiment of a rock mass three-dimensional seepage characteristic measurement test device of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the rock mass test piece of FIG. 1 with a sealing system and a water supply loading system added thereto;
FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective exploded view of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of a water-permeable steel sheet according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the construction of the water permeable grate of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the high pressure ball valve of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the construction of the cross-piece of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing the structure of a pressure gauge according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the construction of the pressure sensor of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic view of the structure of the flow sensor of the present invention.
In the figure: the system comprises a high-pressure water sump 1, a rock mass 2, a rock mass test piece 3, a sealing strip 4, a water permeable grid, a water permeable steel plate 5, a hinge 6, a stress strain sensor 7, a displacement sensor 8, a high-pressure pipeline 9, a high-pressure ball valve 10, a four-way valve 11, a pressure gauge 12, a pressure sensor 13, a flow sensor 14, a high-pressure water sump servo system 15 and a test acquisition instrument 16.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1-10, an embodiment of the invention provides a test device for measuring three-dimensional seepage characteristics of a rock mass, which includes a pressure stabilization servo system, a sealing system arranged on the side length of a rock mass test piece 2, three water supply loading systems in different directions, a stress strain and displacement observation system arranged on the surface of the rock mass test piece 2, and a data acquisition system.
The pressure stabilization servo system comprises a high-pressure water sump 1 and a high-pressure water sump servo system 15 communicated with the high-pressure water sump 1, and the three water supply loading systems in different directions fully utilize the internal water pressure in the high-pressure water sump 1.
The sealing system is a sealing strip 3 arranged on the side length of the rock mass test piece.
The water supply loading system comprises a water permeable grating 4, a water permeable steel plate 5, a high-pressure pipeline 9, a high-pressure ball valve 10, a cross joint 11, a pressure gauge 12, a pressure sensor 13 and a flow sensor 14, all of which form an independent water supply system, and water pressure exchange is not carried out between the independent water supply system and the pressure sensor. Wherein, the water-permeable grille 4 is installed on the outer side surface of the rock mass test piece 2, and the water-permeable steel plate 5 is installed on the outer side of the water-permeable grille 4.
As shown in fig. 4, the side of the permeable steel plate 5 is provided with main water inlet holes 51, criss-cross water through holes 52, and the intersection points are provided with water through holes; the pressure water can reach the permeable grille 4 through the side main water inlet hole 51 and the inner limber hole 52 in a balanced way, and then acts on the surface of the rock mass test piece 2.
As shown in fig. 1, a main water inlet 51 of the permeable steel plate 5 is connected with one end of a high-pressure pipeline 9, the other end of the high-pressure pipeline 9 is connected with one port of a cross 11, the other three ports of the cross 11 are respectively connected with a high-pressure ball valve 10, a pressure gauge 12 and a pressure sensor 13, a flow sensor 14 is further arranged on the high-pressure pipeline 9, and the high-pressure ball valve 10 is connected with the high-pressure sump 1. A pressure-stabilizing water source in the high-pressure water sump 1 reaches the surface of the rock mass test piece 2 through a high-pressure ball valve 10, a high-pressure pipeline 9, a four-way joint 11, a flow sensor 14, a permeable steel plate 5 and a permeable grating 4; the permeable steel plate 5 is not only a water passage in the water supply loading system, but also a counterforce device on the surface of the rock mass test piece in the test process of the rock mass test piece. The required counter forces in the three water supply loading systems in different directions are all provided through hinges 6 among the permeable steel plates 5, and the hinges 6 are welded on the permeable steel plates 5 (as shown in figure 2).
The stress-strain and displacement observation system comprises a stress-strain sensor 1 and a displacement sensor 8 which are arranged on the surface of a rock mass test piece 2;
the data acquisition system comprises a test acquisition instrument 16, the stress-strain sensor 1 and the displacement sensor 8 are arranged in the high-pressure water sump 1, the test acquisition instrument 16 is located outside the high-pressure water sump 1, and the stress-strain sensor 7, the displacement sensor 8, the pressure sensor 13 and the flow sensor 14 are respectively connected with the test acquisition instrument 16 through cables so as to acquire the rock mass seepage characteristic of the rock mass test piece in the water supply loading process and the displacement and stress-strain change rule of the rock mass test piece in the test process in real time.
In this embodiment, the rock mass test piece 2 is a cube, and the test piece size is 500mm × 500mm × 500 mm.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a rock mass three-dimensional seepage characteristic determination test method which is carried out by adopting the device. Recording OXYZ as a geodetic coordinate system; the side length directions of the square test piece are respectively the x direction, the y direction and the z direction; phi is the water head pressure in the water supply loading direction; syz、 Sxz、SxyAreas of yz plane, xz plane and xy plane respectively; vx、Vy、VzThe unit area flow rates of the cross sections are observed in three different directions when water is supplied and loaded in one direction respectively; k is a radical ofxx、 kxy、kxz、kyy、kyz、kzz、kyx、kzx、kzyRespectively recording the permeation tensors of the observation section in three different directions during water supply loading in one direction, and kxy＝kyx，kxz＝kzx，kyz＝kzy；k1、k2、k3Respectively the main permeability coefficient of the rock mass.
The test method comprises the following steps:
step 1: firstly, mounting a sealing strip 3 on the side length of a rock mass test piece 2, mounting a stress-strain sensor 7 and a displacement sensor 8 on the surface of the rock mass test piece 2, mounting a permeable grille 4 and permeable steel plates 5 on the surface of the rock mass test piece 2, connecting the permeable steel plates 5 with each other through hinges 6 to form a whole, and then placing the rock mass test piece 2 into a high-pressure water sump 1;
step 2: the device is characterized in that the device is respectively connected with three water supply loading systems in different directions, a pressure stabilizing water source in a high-pressure water sump 1 reaches the surface of a rock mass test piece 2 through a high-pressure ball valve 10, a high-pressure pipeline 9, a cross joint 11, a flow sensor 14, a permeable steel plate 5 and a permeable grille 4, and a stress strain sensor 7, a displacement sensor 8, a pressure sensor 13 and the flow sensor 14 are all connected with a test acquisition instrument 16;
and step 3: and (3) installing and locking a high-pressure water bin cover plate, and then injecting water into the high-pressure water bin 1 to keep a certain pressure in the high-pressure water bin 1, wherein the pressure is generally about 3 MPa. The purpose of keeping a certain pressure in the high-pressure water sump 1 is to press the sealing strips 3 on the side length of the test piece tightly, so that the three water supply loading systems in different directions are independent water supply systems, water pressure exchange is not carried out among the water supply loading systems, and a pressure-stabilizing water source for carrying out an infiltration test can be provided;
and 4, step 4: before the test is started, vacuumizing is respectively carried out on each surface of the rock mass test piece 2;
and 5: assuming that x, y and z are directions of three different sides of a cube respectively, closing a water supply loading system in the y direction and the z direction, simultaneously opening three stress strain and displacement observation systems in the x direction, the y direction and the z direction, opening the water supply loading system in the x direction to supply water and pressurize a rock mass test piece, and simultaneously observing pressure, flow, displacement and stress strain on 6 surfaces of the rock mass test piece through a data acquisition system after the pressure is stable;
step 6: in the same step 5, a y-direction water supply loading system and a z-direction water supply loading system are respectively used for testing, and pressure, flow, displacement and stress strain of 6 surfaces of the rock mass test piece are observed through a data acquisition system;
and 7: three times of one-in three-out seepage tests are carried out on the rock mass test piece 2, so that the permeability tensor component of the rock mass can be solved, and then three main permeability coefficients and directions of the rock mass can be solved through simultaneous solving.
The specific calculation process in step 7 is as follows:
Syz＝Ly×Lz
Sxz＝Lx×Lz
Sxy＝Ly×Lx
Vx＝Qx/Syz,Vy＝Qy/Sxz,Vz＝Qz/Sxy
in the formula:
pressure (head), S, at each observation surface for the tested water poweryz、、Sxz、SxyRespectively the surface areas, Q, of three different cross sections of the rock mass test piecex、Qy、QzRespectively observing the permeation quantity of the section observed in three different directions when water is supplied and loaded in one direction; vx、Vy、VzFlow velocity per unit area in three different observation directions for one-time one-in three-out test respectively; k is a radical ofxx、kxy、 kxz、kyy、kyz、kzz、kyx、kzx、kzyRespectively recording the permeation tensors of the observation section in three different directions during water supply loading in one direction, and kxy＝kyx，kxz＝kzx，kyz＝kzy；
Then, one time of one input and three times of output of the sample obtain the following observation equation:
the three-time one-in three-out observation equation is as follows:
wherein:
the expressions with superscripts respectively represent three different observed values;
by second-order osmosis
The process of calculating the main permeability coefficient of osmosis and the direction thereof is similar to the process of obtaining the main stress magnitude and the direction thereof by the second-order stress tensor; from the mathematical point of view, it is essential to solve eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the second-order symmetric matrix.
Note the book
The feature vector K and the feature vector x are such that
Ax is true for Kx;
the essential condition for the solution is | a-KE | ═ 0, where E is the identity matrix, and the resulting characteristic equation is:
K3-I1K2+I2K-I3＝0
wherein,
I1＝kxx+kyy+kzz
I2＝kxxkyy+kyykzz+kzzkxx-kxy 2-kyz 2-kzx 2
I3＝kxxkyykzz+2kxykyzkzx-kxxkyz 2-kyykzx 2-kzzkxy 2
solving the one-dimensional cubic equation can obtain 3 main permeability coefficients K1、K2And K3(ii) a And substituting the obtained values into Ax and Kx respectively to obtain corresponding feature vectors.
The invention fully utilizes the existing high-pressure water sump device, breaks through the limitation of the indoor test which is generally limited to a small-scale test piece of a rock mass with a single seepage path in the previous rock mass hydraulics test research, and provides a test system for rock mass seepage characteristic research which simultaneously measures the seepage pressure slope drop, the seepage flow and the deformation of the rock mass test piece in three different directions under a certain water pressure condition.
Details not described in this specification are within the skill of the art that are well known to those skilled in the art.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a three-dimensional seepage flow characteristic survey test device of rock mass which characterized in that: the system comprises a pressure stabilization servo system, a sealing system arranged on the side length of a rock mass test piece, three water supply loading systems in different directions, a stress strain and displacement observation system arranged on the surface of the rock mass test piece and a data acquisition system; the pressure stabilization servo system comprises a high-pressure water sump and a high-pressure water sump servo system communicated with the high-pressure water sump; the stress-strain and displacement observation system comprises a stress-strain sensor and a displacement sensor which are arranged on the surface of the rock mass test piece; the data acquisition system comprises a test acquisition instrument, and the stress strain sensor and the displacement sensor are respectively connected with the test acquisition instrument through cables; the water supply loading systems in three different directions are independent water supply systems, water pressure exchange is not carried out between the independent water supply systems, 6 surfaces of the rock mass test piece are tested by utilizing internal water pressure in the high-pressure water sump, and pressure, flow, displacement and stress strain are observed on each surface of the rock mass test piece through the test acquisition instrument.
2. The test device for measuring the three-dimensional seepage characteristics of the rock body according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the sealing system is a sealing strip arranged on the side length of the rock mass test piece.
3. The test device for measuring the three-dimensional seepage characteristics of the rock body according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the water supply loading system comprises a water permeable grating, a water permeable steel plate, a high-pressure pipeline, a high-pressure ball valve, a four-way joint, a pressure gauge, a pressure sensor and a flow sensor, wherein the water permeable grating is installed on the outer side surface of the rock mass test piece, the water permeable steel plate is installed on the outer side of the water permeable grating, main water inlet holes are distributed in the side surface of the water permeable steel plate, criss-cross water through holes are distributed in the water permeable grating, and water through holes are distributed in the intersection points; the main water inlet hole of the permeable steel plate is connected with one end of a high-pressure pipeline, the other end of the high-pressure pipeline is connected with one port of a cross, the other three ports of the cross are respectively connected with a high-pressure ball valve, a pressure gauge and a pressure sensor, the high-pressure pipeline is also provided with a flow sensor, and the high-pressure ball valve is connected with a high-pressure water sump; the pressure sensor and the flow sensor are connected with the test acquisition instrument.
4. The test device for measuring the three-dimensional seepage characteristics of the rock body according to claim 3, which is characterized in that: the permeable steel plates are connected through hinges.
5. The test device for measuring the three-dimensional seepage characteristics of the rock body according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the rock mass test piece is a cube, and the size of the test piece is 500mm multiplied by 500 mm.
6. A rock mass three-dimensional seepage characteristic determination test method is characterized in that: performed using the device of any one of claims 1-5, the method comprising the steps of:
step 1: firstly, mounting a sealing strip on the side length of a rock mass test piece, mounting a stress-strain sensor and a displacement sensor on the surface of the rock mass test piece, mounting a permeable grating and permeable steel plates on the surface of the rock mass test piece, connecting the permeable steel plates into a whole through hinges, and then placing the rock mass test piece into a high-pressure water sump;
step 2: the device is characterized in that the device is respectively connected with three water supply loading systems in different directions, a pressure stabilizing water source in a high-pressure water sump reaches the surface of a rock mass test piece through a high-pressure ball valve, a high-pressure pipeline, a four-way joint, a flow sensor, a permeable steel plate and a permeable grille, and a stress strain sensor, a displacement sensor, a pressure sensor and a flow sensor are all connected with a test acquisition instrument;
and step 3: installing and locking a high-pressure water bin cover plate, and then injecting water into the high-pressure water bin to keep a certain pressure in the high-pressure water bin, so that three water supply loading systems in different directions are independent water supply systems, water pressure exchange is not performed among the three water supply loading systems, and a pressure-stabilizing water source for performing an osmosis test is also provided;
and 4, step 4: before the test is started, vacuumizing is respectively carried out on each surface of the rock mass test piece;
and 5: assuming that x, y and z are directions of three different sides of a cube respectively, closing a water supply loading system in the y direction and the z direction, simultaneously opening three stress strain and displacement observation systems in the x direction, the y direction and the z direction, opening the water supply loading system in the x direction to supply water and pressurize a rock mass test piece, and simultaneously observing pressure, flow, displacement and stress strain on 6 surfaces of the rock mass test piece through a data acquisition system after the pressure is stable;
step 6: in the same step 5, a y-direction water supply loading system and a z-direction water supply loading system are respectively used for testing, and pressure, flow, displacement and stress strain of 6 surfaces of the rock mass test piece are observed through a data acquisition system;
and 7: three times of one-inlet-three-outlet seepage tests are carried out on the rock mass test piece, so that the permeability tensor component of the rock mass can be solved, and then three main permeability coefficients and directions of the rock mass can be solved through simultaneous solving.
7. The test method for measuring the three-dimensional seepage characteristics of the rock body according to claim 6, which is characterized in that: and in the step 3, the pressure kept in the high-pressure water sump is about 3 MPa.
8. The test method for measuring the three-dimensional seepage characteristics of the rock body according to claim 6, which is characterized in that: the specific calculation process in step 7 is as follows:
Syz＝Ly×Lz
Sxz＝Lx×Lz
Sxy＝Ly×Lx
Vx＝Qx/Syz,Vy＝Qy/Sxz,Vz＝Qz/Sxy
in the formula:
pressure of each observation surface for the tested water power, Syz、、Sxz、SxyRespectively the surface areas, Q, of three different cross sections of the rock mass test piecex、Qy、QzRespectively observing the permeation quantity of the section observed in three different directions when water is supplied and loaded in one direction; vx、Vy、VzAre respectively fed once by onceThirdly, testing the flow velocity in unit area in three different observation directions; k is a radical ofxx、kxy、kxz、kyy、kyz、kzz、kyx、kzx、kzyRespectively recording the permeation tensors of the observation section in three different directions during water supply loading in one direction, and kxy＝kyx，kxz＝kzx，kyz＝kzy；
Then, one time of one input and three times of output of the sample obtain the following observation equation:
the three-time one-in three-out observation equation is as follows:
wherein:
the expressions with superscripts respectively represent three different observed values;
by second-order osmosis
Calculating the main permeability coefficient and the direction process of the permeability;
note the book
The eigenvector K and eigenvector x are such that Ax ═ Kx holds;
the essential condition for the solution is | a-KE | ═ 0, where E is the identity matrix, and the resulting characteristic equation is:
K3-I1K2+I2K-I3＝0
wherein,
I1＝kxx+kyy+kzz
I2＝kxxkyy+kyykzz+kzzkxx-kxy 2-kyz 2-kzx 2
I3＝kxxkyykzz+2kxykyzkzx-kxxkyz 2-kyykzx 2-kzzkxy 2
solving the one-dimensional cubic equation can obtain 3 main permeability coefficients K1、K2And K3And substituting Ax ═ Kx respectively to obtain corresponding feature vectors.
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