CN216747296U - Rock mass three-dimensional seepage characteristic measurement test device - Google Patents
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 116
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
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- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
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- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 16
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Abstract
The utility model provides a rock mass three-dimensional seepage characteristic measurement test device, which comprises a pressure stabilization servo system, three water supply loading systems in different directions, a stress strain and displacement observation system and a data acquisition system, wherein the stress strain and displacement observation system and the data acquisition system are arranged on the surface of a rock mass test piece; the pressure stabilization servo system comprises a high-pressure water sump and a high-pressure water sump servo system communicated with the high-pressure water sump; the stress-strain and displacement observation system comprises a stress-strain sensor and a displacement sensor which are arranged on the surface of the rock mass test piece; the data acquisition system comprises a test acquisition instrument, and the stress strain sensor and the displacement sensor are respectively connected with the test acquisition instrument through cables; the three water supply loading systems in different directions are independent water supply systems, water pressure exchange is not carried out between the independent water supply systems, the rock mass test piece is a cube, and a sealing strip is arranged on the side length of the rock mass test piece. The method can simultaneously measure the osmotic pressure slope drop, the osmotic flow and the deformation of the rock mass test piece in three different directions under the condition of certain water pressure.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of rock mass seepage tests, in particular to a rock mass three-dimensional seepage characteristic measurement test device.
Background
The main parameters of rock hydraulics are the hydraulic characteristics of a single fracture and the equivalent hydraulic characteristics of a rock body, and the two parameters are closely related. The permeability characteristics of the fractures and the rock mass between the fractures are the basic parameters that constitute the permeability tensor of the rock mass. The fracture permeability (or hydraulic conductivity) depends on the geometrical characteristics of the fracture surface (undulation difference, roughness, width, etc.), which can be measured only relatively accurately in the laboratory and has an extremely complicated influence relationship on the hydraulic conductivity of the fracture, so that the hydraulic conductivity is generally measured by performing a seepage test on a sample of a typical fracture. In fact, the cube theorem of the slab fracture and the correction of the cube theorem of the rough fracture are realized through laboratory tests.
The utility model discloses utility model patent with application numbers CN201310311071.9 and CN201310310013.4 discloses a three-field coupling large-scale model test device of fissured rock mass heat-water-power, mainly used simulation thermal environment under the seepage flow problem in the fissured rock mass, the crack is smooth straight crack moreover.
Application number CN 106802272B's utility model patent is rock mass fracture network seepage anisotropy test and visual system, and this system is utilized in the main research, can carry out quantitative determination to arbitrary form fracture network along the osmotic coefficient of equidirectional, can also carry out visual research to the seepage process of equidirectional in the fracture network simultaneously, but what its adopted is the glass board that contains the fracture network, and not the rock mass test piece, and the experimental result of survey does not have guiding meaning to the engineering.
Application number CN108333093A discloses a two-phase medium seepage test device of three-dimensional fracture network rock mass under stress, mainly studies a two-phase medium seepage test device of three-dimensional fracture network rock mass under stress. The device is only a seepage test for measuring the gas-liquid two-phase medium of the rock three-dimensional fracture network under the action of unidirectional stress.
The application number CN111638169A discloses a rock mass three-dimensional fracture network seepage distribution testing system, which mainly researches a seepage test of a rock mass three-dimensional fracture network under a one-way water flow condition. The measured permeability parameter is the permeability tensor of the given direction, rather than the true three-dimensional permeability tensor of the rock mass.
In the above-mentioned research on rock mass fracture hydraulics, many indoor tests are performed on single-fracture and small-scale test pieces, many seepage-stress tests are performed under normal stress conditions, the geometric representativeness of fracture surfaces is insufficient, and the measured permeability tensors are basically plane permeability tensors rather than true three-dimensional permeability tensors of rock mass. The research on the hydraulic seepage characteristics of a three-dimensional rock mass test piece under the action of certain hydraulic pressure is lacked, and particularly the research on the seepage characteristics of surrounding rocks during water storage (water passing) periods such as dams, pressurized water diversion tunnels and the like in the water conservancy industry is a problem.
Therefore, aiming at the problem of rock mass seepage during water storage (water communication) periods such as dams, pressurized water diversion tunnels and the like in the water conservancy industry, the test device capable of accurately measuring the three-dimensional permeability tensor of the rock mass is developed, corresponding scientific research work is developed, and the test device has important theoretical value and engineering practical significance.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model provides a rock three-dimensional seepage characteristic measuring test device which can simultaneously measure the seepage pressure gradient, the seepage flow and the rock test piece deformation of a rock test piece in three different directions under a certain water pressure condition, and breaks through the limitation of indoor tests generally limited to small-scale test pieces with single seepage direction in the previous rock hydraulic test research.
A testing device for measuring three-dimensional seepage characteristics of a rock mass comprises a pressure stabilization servo system, three water supply loading systems in different directions, a stress strain and displacement observation system and a data acquisition system, wherein the stress strain and displacement observation system and the data acquisition system are arranged on the surface of a rock mass test piece; the pressure stabilization servo system comprises a high-pressure water sump and a high-pressure water sump servo system communicated with the high-pressure water sump; the stress-strain and displacement observation system comprises a stress-strain sensor and a displacement sensor which are arranged on the surface of the rock mass test piece; the data acquisition system comprises a test acquisition instrument, and the stress strain sensor and the displacement sensor are respectively connected with the test acquisition instrument through cables; the three water supply loading systems in different directions are independent water supply systems, water pressure exchange is not carried out between the independent water supply systems, the rock mass test piece is a cube, and a sealing strip is arranged on the side length of the rock mass test piece.
Further, the water supply loading system comprises a water permeable grating, a water permeable steel plate, a high-pressure pipeline, a high-pressure ball valve, a cross joint, a pressure gauge, a pressure sensor and a flow sensor, wherein the water permeable grating is installed on the outer side surface of the rock mass test piece, the water permeable steel plate is installed on the outer side of the water permeable grating, main water inlet holes are distributed on the side surface of the water permeable steel plate, criss-cross water through holes are distributed inside the water permeable grating, and the water through holes are distributed at the intersection points; the main water inlet hole of the permeable steel plate is connected with one end of a high-pressure pipeline, the other end of the high-pressure pipeline is connected with one port of a cross, the other three ports of the cross are respectively connected with a high-pressure ball valve, a pressure gauge and a pressure sensor, the high-pressure pipeline is also provided with a flow sensor, and the high-pressure ball valve is connected with a high-pressure water sump; the pressure sensor and the flow sensor are connected with the test acquisition instrument.
Furthermore, all the permeable steel plates are connected through hinges.
Further, the dimension of the rock mass test piece is 500mm multiplied by 500 mm.
The utility model has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method can perform one-time one-inlet three-outlet seepage test on the rock mass test piece, and further can solve the seepage tensor component of the rock mass test piece in the specified direction; three times of one-inlet-three-outlet seepage tests are carried out on the rock mass test piece, three space main permeability coefficients and directions of the rock mass can be solved simultaneously, and accurate test basis is provided for the seepage design of the rock mass;
2. the utility model aims to keep a certain pressure in the high-pressure water sump, so that the side length sealing strips of the test piece are compacted by the pressure difference between the high-pressure water sump and the interior of the rock mass test piece, and the three water supply loading systems in different directions are independent water supply systems without water pressure exchange; meanwhile, the high-pressure water bin can also provide a pressure-stabilizing water source for carrying out an osmosis test;
3. the volume of the high-pressure water sump is far larger than the pore volume inside the rock mass test piece, so that the pressure stabilizing effect is better in the test process, and the tested test data is more accurate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of one embodiment of a rock mass three-dimensional seepage characteristic measurement test device of the utility model;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the rock mass test piece of FIG. 1 with a sealing system and a water supply loading system added thereto;
FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective exploded view of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of a water-permeable steel sheet according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the construction of the water permeable grate of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the high pressure ball valve of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the construction of the cross-piece of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing the structure of a pressure gauge according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the construction of the pressure sensor of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic view of the structure of the flow sensor of the present invention.
In the figure: the system comprises a high-pressure water sump 1, a rock mass test piece 2, a sealing strip 3, a water permeable grid 4, a water permeable steel plate 5, a hinge 6, a stress strain sensor 7, a displacement sensor 8, a high-pressure pipeline 9, a high-pressure ball valve 10, a cross joint 11, a pressure gauge 12, a pressure sensor 13, a flow sensor 14, a high-pressure water sump servo system 15 and a test acquisition instrument 16.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1-10, an embodiment of the utility model provides a test device for measuring three-dimensional seepage characteristics of a rock mass, which includes a pressure stabilization servo system, a sealing system arranged on the side length of a rock mass test piece 2, three water supply loading systems in different directions, a stress strain and displacement observation system arranged on the surface of the rock mass test piece 2, and a data acquisition system.
The pressure stabilization servo system comprises a high-pressure water sump 1 and a high-pressure water sump servo system 15 communicated with the high-pressure water sump 1, and the water supply loading systems in three different directions fully utilize the internal water pressure in the high-pressure water sump 1.
The sealing system is a sealing strip 3 arranged on the side length of the rock mass test piece.
The water supply loading system comprises a water permeable grating 4, a water permeable steel plate 5, a high-pressure pipeline 9, a high-pressure ball valve 10, a cross joint 11, a pressure gauge 12, a pressure sensor 13 and a flow sensor 14, all of which form an independent water supply system, and water pressure exchange is not carried out between the independent water supply system and the pressure sensor. Wherein, the water-permeable grille 4 is installed on the outer side surface of the rock mass test piece 2, and the water-permeable steel plate 5 is installed on the outer side of the water-permeable grille 4.
As shown in fig. 4, the side of the permeable steel plate 5 is provided with main water inlet holes 51, criss-cross water through holes 52, and the intersection points are provided with water through holes; the pressure water can reach the permeable grille 4 through the side main water inlet hole 51 and the inner limber hole 52 in a balanced way, and then acts on the surface of the rock mass test piece 2.
As shown in fig. 1, a main water inlet 51 of the permeable steel plate 5 is connected with one end of a high-pressure pipeline 9, the other end of the high-pressure pipeline 9 is connected with one port of a cross 11, the other three ports of the cross 11 are respectively connected with a high-pressure ball valve 10, a pressure gauge 12 and a pressure sensor 13, a flow sensor 14 is further arranged on the high-pressure pipeline 9, and the high-pressure ball valve 10 is connected with the high-pressure sump 1. A pressure-stabilizing water source in the high-pressure water sump 1 reaches the surface of the rock mass test piece 2 through a high-pressure ball valve 10, a high-pressure pipeline 9, a four-way joint 11, a flow sensor 14, a permeable steel plate 5 and a permeable grating 4; the permeable steel plate 5 is not only a water passage in the water supply loading system, but also a counterforce device on the surface of the rock mass test piece in the test process of the rock mass test piece. The required counter forces in the three water supply loading systems in different directions are all provided through hinges 6 among the permeable steel plates 5, and the hinges 6 are welded on the permeable steel plates 5 (as shown in figure 2).
The stress-strain and displacement observation system comprises a stress-strain sensor 1 and a displacement sensor 8 which are arranged on the surface of a rock mass test piece 2;
the data acquisition system comprises a test acquisition instrument 16, the stress-strain sensor 7 and the displacement sensor 8 are arranged in the high-pressure water sump 1, the test acquisition instrument 16 is located outside the high-pressure water sump 1, and the stress-strain sensor 7, the displacement sensor 8, the pressure sensor 13 and the flow sensor 14 are respectively connected with the test acquisition instrument 16 through cables so as to acquire the rock mass seepage characteristic of the rock mass test piece in the water supply loading process and the displacement and stress-strain change rule of the rock mass test piece in the test process in real time.
In this embodiment, the rock mass test piece 2 is a cube, and the test piece size is 500mm × 500mm × 500 mm.
The method can be used for carrying out a rock mass three-dimensional seepage characteristic measurement test, and takes OXYZ as a geodetic coordinate system; the side length directions of the square test piece are respectively in the x direction, the y direction and the z direction; phi is the water head pressure in the water supply loading direction; syz、Sxz、SxyAreas of yz plane, xz plane and xy plane respectively; vx、Vy、VzThe unit area flow rates of the cross sections are observed in three different directions when water is supplied and loaded in one direction respectively; k is a radical ofxx、kxy、kxz、kyy、kyz、kzz、kyx、 kzx、kzyRespectively recording the permeation tensors of the observation section in three different directions during water supply loading in one direction, and kxy＝kyx，kxz＝kzx，kyz＝kzy；k1、k2、k3Respectively the main permeability coefficient of the rock mass.
The test method comprises the following steps:
step 1: firstly, mounting a sealing strip 3 on the side length of a rock mass test piece 2, mounting a stress-strain sensor 7 and a displacement sensor 8 on the surface of the rock mass test piece 2, mounting a permeable grille 4 and permeable steel plates 5 on the surface of the rock mass test piece 2, connecting the permeable steel plates 5 with each other through hinges 6 to form a whole, and then placing the rock mass test piece 2 into a high-pressure water sump 1;
step 2: the device is characterized in that the device is respectively connected with three water supply loading systems in different directions, a pressure stabilizing water source in a high-pressure water sump 1 reaches the surface of a rock mass test piece 2 through a high-pressure ball valve 10, a high-pressure pipeline 9, a cross joint 11, a flow sensor 14, a permeable steel plate 5 and a permeable grille 4, and a stress strain sensor 7, a displacement sensor 8, a pressure sensor 13 and the flow sensor 14 are all connected with a test acquisition instrument 16;
and step 3: and (3) installing and locking a high-pressure water bin cover plate, and then injecting water into the high-pressure water bin 1 to keep a certain pressure in the high-pressure water bin 1, wherein the pressure is generally about 3 MPa. The purpose of keeping a certain pressure in the high-pressure water sump 1 is to press the sealing strips 3 on the side length of the test piece tightly, so that the three water supply loading systems in different directions are independent water supply systems, water pressure exchange is not carried out among the water supply loading systems, and a pressure-stabilizing water source for carrying out an infiltration test can be provided;
and 4, step 4: before the test is started, vacuumizing is respectively carried out on each surface of the rock mass test piece 2;
and 5: assuming that x, y and z are directions of three different sides of a cube respectively, closing a water supply loading system in the y direction and the z direction, simultaneously opening three stress strain and displacement observation systems in the x direction, the y direction and the z direction, opening the water supply loading system in the x direction to supply water and pressurize a rock mass test piece, and simultaneously observing pressure, flow, displacement and stress strain on 6 surfaces of the rock mass test piece through a data acquisition system after the pressure is stable;
step 6: in the same step 5, a y-direction water supply loading system and a z-direction water supply loading system are respectively used for testing, and pressure, flow, displacement and stress strain of 6 surfaces of the rock mass test piece are observed through a data acquisition system;
and 7: three times of one-in three-out seepage tests are carried out on the rock mass test piece 2, so that the permeability tensor component of the rock mass can be solved, and then three main permeability coefficients and directions of the rock mass can be solved through simultaneous solving.
The specific calculation process in step 7 is as follows:
Syz＝Ly×Lz
Sxz＝Lx×Lz
Sxy＝Ly×Lx
Vx＝Qx/Syz,Vy＝Qy/Sxz,Vz＝Qz/Sxy
in the formula:
pressure (head), S, at each observation surface for the tested water poweryz、Sxz、SxyRespectively the surface areas, Q, of three different cross sections of the rock mass test piecex、Qy、QzRespectively supplying water in one direction and observing the permeation amount of the section observed in three different directions when loading; vx、Vy、VzFlow velocity per unit area in three different observation directions for one-time one-in three-out test respectively; k is a radical ofxx、kxy、 kxz、kyy、kyz、kzz、kyx、kzx、kzyRespectively recording the permeation tensors of the observation section in three different directions during water supply loading in one direction, and kxy＝kyx，kxz＝kzx，kyz＝kzy；
Then, one time of one input and three times of output of the sample obtain the following observation equation:
the three-time one-in three-out observation equation is as follows:
wherein:
the expressions with superscripts respectively represent three different observed values;
by second-order osmosis
The process of calculating the main permeability coefficient of osmosis and the direction thereof is similar to the process of obtaining the main stress magnitude and the direction thereof by the second-order stress tensor; from the mathematical point of view, it is essential to solve eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the second-order symmetric matrix.
Note the book
The feature vector K and the feature vector x are such that
Ax is true for Kx;
the essential condition for the solution is | a-KE | ═ 0, where E is the identity matrix, and the resulting characteristic equation is:
K3-I1K2+I2K-I3＝0
wherein,
I1＝kxx+kyy+kzz
I2＝kxxkyy+kyykzz+kzzkxx-kxy 2-kyz 2-kzx 2
I3＝kxxkyykzz+2kxykyzkzx-kxxkyz 2-kyykzx 2-kzzkxy 2
solving the one-dimensional cubic equation can obtain 3 main permeability coefficients K1、K2And K3(ii) a And substituting the obtained values into Ax and Kx respectively to obtain corresponding feature vectors.
The utility model fully utilizes the existing high-pressure water sump device, breaks through the limitation of the indoor test which is generally limited to a small-scale test piece of a rock mass with a single seepage path in the previous rock mass hydraulics test research, and provides a test system for rock mass seepage characteristic research which simultaneously measures the seepage pressure slope drop, the seepage flow and the deformation of the rock mass test piece in three different directions under a certain water pressure condition.
Details not described in this specification are within the skill of the art that are well known to those skilled in the art.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a three-dimensional seepage flow characteristic survey test device of rock mass which characterized in that: the system comprises a pressure stabilization servo system, three water supply loading systems in different directions, a stress-strain and displacement observation system and a data acquisition system, wherein the stress-strain and displacement observation system and the data acquisition system are arranged on the surface of a rock mass test piece; the pressure stabilization servo system comprises a high-pressure water sump and a high-pressure water sump servo system communicated with the high-pressure water sump; the stress-strain and displacement observation system comprises a stress-strain sensor and a displacement sensor which are arranged on the surface of the rock mass test piece; the data acquisition system comprises a test acquisition instrument, and the stress strain sensor and the displacement sensor are respectively connected with the test acquisition instrument through cables; the three water supply loading systems in different directions are independent water supply systems, water pressure exchange is not carried out between the independent water supply systems, the rock mass test piece is a cube, and a sealing strip is arranged on the side length of the rock mass test piece.
2. The test device for measuring the three-dimensional seepage characteristics of the rock body according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the water supply loading system comprises a water permeable grating, a water permeable steel plate, a high-pressure pipeline, a high-pressure ball valve, a four-way joint, a pressure gauge, a pressure sensor and a flow sensor, wherein the water permeable grating is installed on the outer side surface of the rock mass test piece, the water permeable steel plate is installed on the outer side of the water permeable grating, main water inlet holes are distributed in the side surface of the water permeable steel plate, criss-cross water through holes are distributed in the water permeable grating, and water through holes are distributed in the intersection points; the main water inlet hole of the permeable steel plate is connected with one end of a high-pressure pipeline, the other end of the high-pressure pipeline is connected with one port of a cross, the other three ports of the cross are respectively connected with a high-pressure ball valve, a pressure gauge and a pressure sensor, the high-pressure pipeline is also provided with a flow sensor, and the high-pressure ball valve is connected with a high-pressure water sump; the pressure sensor and the flow sensor are connected with the test acquisition instrument.
3. The test device for measuring the three-dimensional seepage characteristics of the rock body according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the permeable steel plates are connected through hinges.
4. The test device for measuring the three-dimensional seepage characteristics of the rock body according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the dimension of the rock mass test piece is 500mm multiplied by 500 mm.
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| CN114166716A (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2022-03-11 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Rock three-dimensional seepage characteristic measurement test device and method |
| CN114166716B (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2024-07-19 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Rock mass three-dimensional seepage characteristic measurement test device and method |
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