CN106153856A - A kind of containing crack shale stability evaluating apparatus and method - Google Patents
A kind of containing crack shale stability evaluating apparatus and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106153856A CN106153856A CN201510185800.XA CN201510185800A CN106153856A CN 106153856 A CN106153856 A CN 106153856A CN 201510185800 A CN201510185800 A CN 201510185800A CN 106153856 A CN106153856 A CN 106153856A
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Abstract
A kind of shale stability evaluating apparatus in crack, this device specifically includes that kettle, is used for fixing rock core simulation core surrounding enviroment;The temperature control assembly being connected with kettle, controls that rock core is heated by described temperature control assembly, temperature control is with simulated formation actual temperature;The pressure assembly being connected with kettle, for applying the confined pressure needed for experiment to described rock core, covers pressure with simulated formation;Back pressure controls assembly, and the back pressure for rock core controls;Source of the gas supply controls assembly, for providing constant voltage source of the gas to rock core entrance point;The liquid medium assembly being connected with kettle, for providing clear water or mud to described rock core, for simulating the pressure effect of circulation of drilling fluid;The rock core distortion measurement assembly being connected with kettle, is used for measuring rock core deformation;DATA REASONING and acquisition component, it is connected with said modules respectively, for carrying out expansion strain, the pore pressure transfer law of crack rock core and the acquisition of cycle monitoring result penetrated.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs in petroleum exploration and development process about borehole wall stability technical field, relate to a kind of containing crack
Shale stability evaluating apparatus and method.
Background technology
Mud shale wellbore stability always perplexs a big difficult point of petroleum exploration and development.Now with China's shale gas
The quickening of resources exploration strategy paces, research worker focuses more on mud shale basic physical mechanics properties pearl and grinds
Study carefully.Because the mud shale Wellbore Stability run into during shale gas exploration and development and the leakage of Fractured mud shale
Geological environment, formation fluid distribution situation, crustal stress and the engineering factor condition that problem is all deposited in tax with mud shale
The physical and mechanical property that lower mud shale is shown has the relation of interwoveness.The most indoor for mud shale well
The experiment that wall stability is launched is broadly divided into two big classes: one is direct experiment method, i.e. measures drilling fluid straight to the borehole wall
Connect the degree of effect, such as dispersibility, dilatancy, Hydrogeochemical anomaly, membrane efficiency etc.;Two is indirect experiment method, i.e.
The various factors of determination influences borehole well instability, as rock forming mineral proximate analysis, scanning electron microscope structural analysis, sun from
Sub-exchange capacity, specific surface area etc..These are the most rarely seen for the physico mechanical characteristic achievement in research of mud shale, but
It is that the estimation of stability for the hard brittle shale containing crack is studied the most seldom.Generally believe containing crack in engineering
Shale stability by the fracture pore pressure transmission under drilling well liquid columnpressure effect, aquation deforms is affected ten
Dividing notable, cause the mechanical strength of fracture formation weaken and miss, therefore the hard brittle shale containing crack is steady
Qualitative evaluation research is emphasis and the difficult point of this area research.Owing to traditional method for estimating stability is not suitable for
Containing the estimation of stability of crack mud shale, thus it is specifically designed for the side evaluated in the shale stability containing crack
Method, current studies in China relatively fewer.
At present, the domestic test method for Lab-evaluation borehole wall stability mainly has following several:
Dispersibility (response rate) is tested: include following two: (1) shale roll experiment, this experiment be by
According to the experimental technique worked out in SY/T5613-2000 " mud shale physicochemical property experimental technique ", rolling is used to add
Hot stove and high-temperature tank complete experiment.The method is mainly used in evaluating the dispersibility of mud shale, and stratum is divided by drilling fluid
The suppression degree of the ability of dissipating.(2) being CST (capillary suction time) experiment, this experiment can measure liquid
By the time needed for characteristic filter paper subscript set a distance, for evaluating mud shale deployment conditions in water.
Dilatancy is tested: include that the experiment of normal temperature and pressure dilatancy and High Temperature High Pressure dilatancy test two kinds.Its experiment
Principle is, first measures the volume/highly of the dry mud shale of certain mass, then surveys mud shale and contact certain time with test solution
After volume/highly, it expands volume and accounts for the percent of former state volume/height and be referred to as the expansion rate of this mud shale,
Both of which can be used for the performance of OPTIMIZATION OF DRILLING FLUID system.
The experiment rock sample that dispersion and dilatancy experiment use is the people that formation suppressed after smashing to pieces again by actual rock sample
Lithogenesis sample, this experimental implementation substantially destroys the architectural characteristic (crack, layer reason characteristic) of original rock sample,
It is not particularly suited for the estimation of stability containing crack mud shale.
The determination experiment of Hydrogeochemical anomaly: presently preferred is to use strain gauge method to be measured.Experimental principle is profit
Derive in the form of a signal around rock sample one week, the deformation occurred after rock sample is contacted with test solution with foil gauge, and real
Testing the strain of front rock sample is 0, and difference the most between the two is Hydrogeochemical anomaly value.
The determination experiment of membrane efficiency: mainly completed by following two method: (1) utilizes difference in chemical potential effect
Under pressure transmission effect;(2) the resistivity difference utilizing different ions concentration (chemical potential) measures film effect
Rate.
Additionally, the method for Lab-evaluation shale well wall stability is the most more, such as: the mensuration of dielectric constant is real
Test, shale stability index method, rock core immersion test, X-ray diffraction are tested with scanning electron microscope, mud shale compares table
Area estimation experiment etc..These experimental techniques emphasize particularly on different fields a little, the most directly or indirectly set up drilling fluid and the borehole wall
Contact between Wen Ding, but many with complete rock core as object of study, fail to reflect drilling fluid in drilling process
It it is the quantitative-qualitative analysis of borehole wall stability that how to interact with fracture formation, to accomplish.
Although the evaluation methodology below relating to wellbore stability is relatively advanced, but all pay close attention to borehole wall damage situations, not yet
It is concerned about fracture pore pressure transmission and aquation strains these impact key factors containing crack shale stability:
Chinese patent CN200420096536.X discloses a kind of high temperature, high pressure borehole wall stability experiment: this reality
Test and have employed Circulating System in Manmade, utilize acoustic measurement+signal acquiring system to measure the borehole wall by drilling fluid
The deformation extent washed away and the impact of wall building situation.
See that Chinese patent CN201110421883.X discloses a kind of High Temperature High Pressure shale well wall stability evaluation
Device, this device includes artificial borehole wall analog, High Temperature High Pressure triaxial cell, pressure, temperature and confined pressure
Control system, drilling-fluid circulation system, data acquisition processing system etc. form.This device can be in simulation down-hole
Under conditions of temperature, pressure and circulatory fluid flow, the simulation borehole wall is carried out drilling fluid and washes away infringement test, logical
Cross ultrasonic measurement and imaging means simulation the borehole wall by expanding, the undergauge after outside fluid etch and collapse and journey
Degree, real-time monitored can survey the degree and wall building situation rinsed, for overall merit drilling fluid completion with the record simulation borehole wall
Liquid provides new integrated test facility to the impact of borehole well instability and the degree that collapses.
Chinese patent CN201410012192.8 discloses a kind of evaluation methodology simulating full-size well wall stability,
The method utilizes full-size well wall stability simulator that rock core is applied the confined pressure required by experiment, pore pressure, water
Concora crush power, overburden pressure, mud circulating pressure and circulation of drilling fluid medium, and surveyed by caliper logging instrument
Measure the expanding situation of rock core well during experiment, by stratum slide wave sound velocity test system, measure
In experimentation, rock sample acoustic wave character change at the borehole wall after the immersion of drilling fluid under different circulatory mediators, passes through well
Wall is visual and imaging system directly observes the well actual change situation after mud soak.The method is main
For full-hole core wellbore stability analyze, though can simulate truly subsurface environment, dynamic the evaluation borehole wall steady
Stable condition, can change circulatory mediator, contributes to preferred drilling mode and drilling fluid system;Can the nearly well of overall merit
Wall stratum permeability and acoustic wave of rock characteristic, it is achieved borehole wall imaging etc..But, this simulator can not be simulated containing splitting
Expansion strain, fracture formation pore pressure that the imbibition under ground environment of the seam mud shale produces penetrate rule
Important factor in order Deng borehole wall stability.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of laboratory method for evaluating, the method containing crack shale stability
It it is the device evaluated containing crack shale stability utilizing and there is High Temperature High Pressure function, it is possible to the different drilling well of simulation
Under the conditions of the fracture pore pressure on hard brittle shale stratum of (underbalance, overbalance) rock core yardstick, aquation
The Changing Pattern of the physics classroom teaching such as deformation behaviour, determined containing crack mud shale stratum pressure penetration rule and week
Phase, it is achieved the estimation of stability of hard brittle shale.
The present invention provides a kind of for containing crack shale stability evaluating apparatus, and this device specifically includes that
Kettle, is used for fixing rock core simulation core surrounding enviroment;
Be connected with kettle temperature control cooling assembly, control described temperature control cooling assembly rock core is heated, temperature control
With simulated formation actual temperature;
The barometric gradient device being connected with kettle and barometric gradient acquisition component, for applying experiment to described rock core
Required confined pressure covers pressure with simulated formation;
The circulating mud assembly being connected with kettle, for simulating the pressure effect of circulation of drilling fluid;
The rock core distortion measurement assembly being connected with kettle, is used for measuring rock core deformation;
DATA REASONING and acquisition component, it is adopted with temperature control cooling assembly, barometric gradient device and barometric gradient respectively
Collection assembly, circulating mud assembly and rock core distortion measurement assembly connect, and are used for carrying out expansion strain, crack rock
The pore pressure transfer law of the heart and the acquisition of cycle monitoring result penetrated.
This device can simulate the hard fragility mud page of (underbalance, overbalance) rock core yardstick under different drilling condition
The Changing Pattern of the physics classroom teaching such as rock formation fracture pore pressure, aquation deformation behaviour.And in the present invention
Also on this device basic, by corresponding experiment flow, test data and chart, have devised a set of for
The laboratory method evaluated containing crack shale stability.
Present invention also offers a kind of for containing crack shale stability evaluation methodology, including:
1) experiment rock core is provided;
2) the described shale stability evaluating apparatus in crack is provided, by device described in described test core;
3) confined pressure needed for applying experiment to described rock core covers pressure with simulated formation, and carry out heating to rock core,
Temperature control is with simulated formation actual temperature;
4) provide constant pressure source, the pore pressure that simulated formation is original to rock core entrance point;
5) port of export giving rock core provides the circulating mud of certain pressure, the pressure effect of simulation circulation of drilling fluid;
6) rock core hydration swelling situation after contacting is measured with drilling fluid;
7) rock core pore pressure transmission situation in the rock core of crack is measured;
8) expansion strain, the pore pressure transfer law of crack rock core and the cycle monitoring result that penetrates are carried out
Obtain;
9) result obtained is evaluated.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the size of described rock core is diameter 20mm~50mm,
Highly 100mm.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pressure of described constant pressure source is 0~40MPa.
The method have the benefit that
The present invention utilizes the shale stability evaluating apparatus in crack, it is possible to carry out the relevant mud of following several respects
Shale stability is evaluated:
(1) to the physics classroom teaching of formation core, (before and after pore pressure transmission, rock core oozes different drilling conditions
The thoroughly change of rate, aquation strain, the peak value of pore pressure transmission) influential effect;
(2) containing crack mud shale stratum pressure penetration rule and cycle;
(3) hard brittle shale bearing capacity evaluation (by experiment in obtain pressure transmission chart in can
To read) realize the estimation of stability containing crack mud shale.
The inventive method has considered the multiple factor affecting borehole well instability, it is possible to analyze under different drilling condition
(underbalance, overbalance) is to the hard brittle shale formation pore pressure of rock core yardstick, aquation deformation behaviour etc.
The influential effect of physics classroom teaching (permeability, mechanics parameter), advises containing crack mud shale stratum pressure penetration
Rule and cycle, it is achieved the estimation of stability of the hard brittle shale of rock core yardstick under simulated formation drilling environment.Gram
Take that traditional method is many carries out estimation of stability with artificial compacting rock sample and destroy the fraud in fissured structure face contained by rock core
End, it is achieved that to the evaluation containing crack shale stability.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the method schematic diagram of a specific embodiment of the present invention.
Reference: nitrogen cylinder 1, pressure regulator valve 2, pressure regulator valve Pressure gauge 3, constant voltage pressure regulator 5, constant voltage pressure regulation
Device Pressure gauge 4, inlet induction valve 6, entrance air bleeding valve 7, entrance pressure maintaining valve 8, gas vacuum tank 9, rock core
Hold air valve 10, enter pressure sensor 11, pressure gradient sensor 12, rock core deformation of length collection original paper 13, rock
Heart end 14, kettle 15, barometric gradient gum cover 16, deformation of length sensor 17, heating element heater 18, tapping hands
Valve 19, fuel tank 20, confined pressure pump 21, relief valve 22, confined pressure sensor 23, cooling element 24, back pressure hands
Valve 25, back pressure device 26, measurement of gas flow system 27, end-face deformation sensor 28, resistance measuring instrument 29,
Back pressure control system 30, return control hands valve 31, infusion pump 32, mud container transfer valve 33, mud container 34,
Mud container delivery valve 35, mud container pressure table 36, fresh water container transfer valve 37, fresh water container 38, clear
Water container delivery valve 39, fresh water container Pressure gauge 40, liquid-filling valve 41, wellbore pressure sensor and display instrument
42。
Detailed description of the invention
1 pair of the inventive method specific implementation process is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
It is embodied as follows: the rock core of diameter 38mm × length 100mm is loaded kettle 15, first passes through and enclose
Press pump 21 adds confined pressure 30MPa in kettle 15.Close mud container transfer valve 33 and mud container delivery valve
35, open fresh water container transfer valve 37, fresh water container delivery valve 39 and liquid-filling valve 41.Regulation infusion pump 32
Pressure be 5MPa, through filling injected clear water in the fresh water container 38 of the clear water pit shaft in kettle 15.?
In experimentation, data acquisition components record and preserve wellbore pressure sensor 42, enter pressure sensor 11, end
The number of 9 pressure transducers on face changing sensor 28, deformation of length sensor 17 and barometric gradient gum cover 16
According to change, and draw the real-time curve chart of each data.By the analysis to experimental data, this rock core can be found
Pressure transmission rule under given conditions and hydration swelling situation.
Specifically include following steps:
S1, carries out producing experiment rock core according to SY/T5336-1996 " rock core conventional method of analysis ": diameter
38mm × length 100mm;
S2, in the pit shaft of the kettle 15 that ready rock core is pressed instrumentation code incorporating said apparatus;
S3, pressure assembly in the device that operation is evaluated containing crack shale stability (include confined pressure sensor 23,
The confined pressure pump 21 being connected with confined pressure sensor 23 and relief valve 22, respectively with confined pressure pump 21 and relief valve 22 even
The fuel tank 20 connect), to apply the confined pressure needed for experiment to rock core;
S4, utilizes the heating element heater 18 in the temperature control assembly in the device containing the evaluation of crack shale stability, gives
Kettle 15 and rock core carry out heating, temperature control is temperature required to experiment;
S5, the source of the gas supply in the operation device containing the evaluation of crack shale stability controls assembly (such as Fig. 1 bag
Include: nitrogen cylinder 1, Pressure gauge 3 and the constant voltage pressure regulator 5 being connected with pressure regulator valve 2 respectively, adjust with constant voltage respectively
Depressor 5 connects Pressure gauge 4 and inlet induction valve 6, the entrance air bleeding valve 7 being connected with inlet induction valve 6 respectively,
Entrance pressure maintaining valve 8, rock core end air valve 10 and enter pressure sensor 11 are steady with the gas that entrance pressure maintaining valve 8 is connected
Pressure tank 9), the constant voltage source of the gas of 0~10MPa is provided to rock core entrance point;
S6, the liquid medium feeding assembly in the operation device containing the evaluation of crack shale stability (including: defeated
Liquid pump 32, the mud container 34 being connected with infusion pump 32 by mud container transfer valve 33, respectively with mud
Container 34 connect mud container delivery valve 35 and mud container pressure table 36, by fresh water container transfer valve
37 fresh water containers 38 being connected with infusion pump 32, the fresh water container delivery valve being connected with fresh water container 38 respectively
39 and fresh water container Pressure gauge 40, be connected with fresh water container delivery valve 39 and fresh water container Pressure gauge 40 respectively
Liquid-filling valve 41 and pit shaft with liquid-filling valve 41 with kettle 15 is connected respectively wellbore pressure sensor
42 compositions), circulating mud or the clear water of certain pressure are provided to the rock core port of export;
S7, the back pressure in the operation device containing the evaluation of crack shale stability controls assembly and (including: back pressure control
Device 30 processed, pass through back to control the infusion pump 32 that is connected with back pressure controller 30 of hands valve 31, described infusion pump 32 and also
It is connected with mud container transfer valve 33, the back pressure device 26 being connected with back pressure controller 30, described back pressure device 26
It is connected with back pressure hands valve 25 and measurement of gas flow assembly 27 the most respectively), the use when carrying out high temperature and pressure experiment
Back pressure in rock core controls;
S8, the measurement of gas flow assembly 27 in the operation device containing the evaluation of crack shale stability, measure rock
Permeability after heart original permeability and pollution, the transmission experiment of underbalance mud pressure;
S9, the changing sensor assembly in the operation device containing the evaluation of crack shale stability (including: resistance
End-face deformation sensor 28 that measuring instrument 29 is connected with described resistance measuring instrument 29, deformation of length sensor 17,
Described end-face deformation sensor 28 and deformation of length sensor 17 are connected with the pit shaft in kettle 15 respectively, and
Described deformation of length sensor 17 and described rock core deformation of length gather original paper 13 and are connected), measure rock core with
Hydration swelling situation after drilling fluid contact;
S10, the DATA REASONING in the operation device containing the evaluation of crack shale stability and the pressure in acquisition component
Power gradiometry assembly (including: the barometric gradient gum cover 16, three being arranged on the pit shaft of described kettle 15 is indulged
Three horizontal 9 well-distributed pressure sensors and described barometric gradient gum cover 16 and three indulge three horizontal 9 well-distributed pressures biographies
The barometric gradient that sensor connects gathers original paper 12), measure rock core in overbalanced mud pressure transmission situation, boring
Pressure transmission situation and underbalance mud pressure transmission situation;
S11, the cooling element 24 in temperature control assembly in the operation device containing the evaluation of crack shale stability,
Kettle 15 after having tested can be carried out fast cooling, temperature-reducing medium is tap water;
S12, the DATA REASONING in the operation device containing the evaluation of crack shale stability and the number in acquisition component
According to gathering original paper and carry out the collection of experimental data, storing, play back and curve report generation;
S13, after processing the data of collection generated, is evaluated the stability containing crack mud shale.
The present invention utilizes the shale stability evaluating apparatus in crack, can carry out the relevant mud page of following several respects
Rock estimation of stability: the influential effect of the physics classroom teaching of formation core is simulated by (1) different drilling condition
Experiment;(2) containing crack mud shale stratum pressure penetration rule and cycle;(3) pressure-bearing of hard brittle shale
Merit rating, it is achieved to the estimation of stability containing crack mud shale.
Claims (4)
1. a shale stability evaluating apparatus in crack, this device specifically includes that
Kettle, is used for fixing rock core simulation core surrounding enviroment;
The temperature control assembly being connected with kettle, controls that rock core is heated by described temperature control assembly, temperature control to be to simulate ground
Layer actual temperature;
The pressure assembly being connected with kettle, for applying the confined pressure needed for experiment, with simulated formation to described rock core
Cover pressure;
Back pressure controls assembly, and the back pressure for rock core controls;
Source of the gas supply controls assembly, for providing constant voltage source of the gas to rock core entrance point;
The liquid medium assembly being connected with kettle, for providing clear water or mud to described rock core, is used for simulating brill
The pressure effect of well liquid circulation;
The rock core distortion measurement assembly being connected with kettle, is used for measuring rock core deformation;
DATA REASONING and acquisition component, it is controlled with temperature control cooling assembly, barometric gradient assembly, source of the gas supply respectively
Assembly processed, circulating mud assembly and rock core distortion measurement assembly connect, and are used for carrying out expansion strain, crack rock
The pore pressure transfer law of the heart and the acquisition of cycle monitoring result penetrated.
2. one kind includes containing crack shale stability evaluation methodology:
1) experiment rock core is provided;
2) provide according to claim 1 containing crack shale stability evaluating apparatus, by described test
In device described in rock core;
3) confined pressure needed for applying experiment to described rock core covers pressure with simulated formation, and carry out heating to rock core,
Temperature control is with simulated formation actual temperature;
4) provide constant pressure source, the pore pressure that simulated formation is original to rock core entrance point;
5) port of export giving rock core provides the circulating mud of certain pressure, the pressure effect of simulation circulation of drilling fluid;
6) rock core hydration swelling situation after contacting is measured with drilling fluid;
7) drilling fluid pore pressure transmission situation in the rock core of crack is measured;
8) expansion strain, the pore pressure transfer law of crack rock core and the cycle monitoring result that penetrates are carried out
Obtain;
9) result obtained is evaluated.
Method the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the size of described rock core is diameter
20mm~50mm, highly 80mm~100mm.
Method the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the pressure of described constant pressure source is 0~40MPa.
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