CN114166645A - Indoor soil body negative pressure consolidation device - Google Patents
Indoor soil body negative pressure consolidation device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114166645A CN114166645A CN202210131890.4A CN202210131890A CN114166645A CN 114166645 A CN114166645 A CN 114166645A CN 202210131890 A CN202210131890 A CN 202210131890A CN 114166645 A CN114166645 A CN 114166645A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 75
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/088—Investigating volume, surface area, size or distribution of pores; Porosimetry
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
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- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses an indoor soil body negative pressure consolidation device, and belongs to the technical field of soil sample measurement and analysis. The device comprises a rack, wherein a barrel is arranged on the rack, a lower porous stone, an upper porous stone and an air exhaust cover are arranged in the barrel, the air exhaust cover is connected with a tracking rod, an air exhaust channel is arranged in the tracking rod, a tracking rod vertical displacement measuring device is arranged on the rack, a sealing cover is arranged at the opening of the barrel, the barrel wall of the barrel is of a three-layer structure, an inner ring cavity and an outer ring cavity are formed between the three layers, a first through hole is formed in the inner wall of the barrel, a second through hole is formed between the inner ring cavity and the outer ring cavity, a third through hole is formed in the tracking rod, the first through hole, the second through hole and the third through hole are sequentially lifted and higher than the air exhaust cover, a communicating pipe is arranged between the air exhaust channel and the outer ring cavity, and an air exhaust opening is formed in the outer wall of the barrel. The invention can be used for vacuum negative pressure consolidation test and penetration test, can keep the soil sample in a saturated state all the time during the vacuum negative pressure consolidation test, and can measure the integral deformation of the soil sample.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an indoor soil body negative pressure consolidation device, and belongs to the technical field of soil sample measurement and analysis.
Background
The soil consolidation apparatus is a detection apparatus for measuring the compression performance of soil samples under different test conditions (such as vacuum pumping, pressure application and the like).
Referring to fig. 8, a current soil body consolidation apparatus includes base 101, install upper end open-ended barrel 2 on the base 101, from the bottom up installs permeable stone 3 down in proper order in the barrel 2, go up permeable stone 4, exhaust hood 5, the middle part of exhaust hood 5 is connected with the tracker rod 6 of vertical setting, the upper end of tracker rod 6 stretches out outside barrel 2, the downside of exhaust hood 5 is equipped with gas collecting chamber 37, tracker rod 6 is hollow structure, the inner chamber of tracker rod 6 and the gas collecting chamber 37 intercommunication of exhaust hood 5, the upper end of tracker rod 6 is connected with the exhaust tube 52 rather than the inner chamber intercommunication, install vacuum pressure gauge 53 on the exhaust tube 52, air pressure regulating valve 54, install the support on the base 101, install the percentage table on the support, the percentage table is located the top of tracker rod 6, the measuring stick 43 of percentage table stretches to the below and contacts with the up end of tracker rod 6.
The soil consolidation apparatus has the following use mode: cylindric soil sample is placed in the space that lies in between permeable stone 3, the last permeable stone 4 down in barrel 2, and exhaust tube 52 connects the vacuum pump, opens the vacuum pump, adjusts air pressure adjusting valve 54 according to the numerical value that vacuum pressure gauge 53 shows, until vacuum pressure gauge 53 shows the vacuum degree of settlement, records the initial height of soil sample, records the numerical value change of different time percentage tables, surveys the settlement change of soil sample along with time from this.
The prior consolidometer has the following defects: during the process of vacuum-pumping consolidation of the soil sample, the upper part of the soil sample is quickly dehydrated and dried due to vaporization of water in the soil sample, and the soil sample becomes an unsaturated state, so that the sedimentation change of the soil sample is influenced, and the measurement error is large.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an indoor soil body negative pressure consolidation device which can prevent the upper part of a soil sample from being dehydrated and dried in the vacuum consolidation process and enable the measurement result to be more accurate.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention discloses an indoor soil body negative pressure consolidation device, which comprises a frame and is structurally characterized in that: the soil sample measuring device is characterized in that a barrel with an opening at the upper end is mounted on the rack, a lower permeable stone, an upper permeable stone and an air extracting cover are sequentially mounted in an inner cavity of the barrel from bottom to top, a soil sample placing space is formed between the lower permeable stone and the upper permeable stone, the top of the air extracting cover is connected with a vertically arranged tracking rod, an air extracting channel communicated with the bottom surface of the air extracting cover is arranged in the tracking rod, a measuring device for measuring the vertical displacement of the tracking rod is mounted on the rack, a detachable sealing cover is mounted at an opening of the barrel, a through hole is formed in the sealing cover, the tracking rod penetrates through the through hole to extend upwards, the tracking rod and the through hole are in dynamic sealing fit, the barrel wall of the barrel is of a three-layer structure, an inner ring cavity and an outer ring cavity are formed between the three layers, a first through hole is formed in the inner wall of the barrel, a second through hole is formed in a spacing layer between the inner ring cavity and the outer ring cavity, and a third through hole is formed in a position, which is positioned below the sealing cover, on the tracking rod, the first through hole, the second through hole and the third through hole sequentially rise and are higher than the air exhaust cover, a communicating pipe is arranged between the air exhaust channel and the outer ring cavity, and an air exhaust opening used for being connected with a vacuum pumping device is formed in the outer wall of the barrel. The inner cavity, the inner ring cavity and the outer ring cavity of the cylinder body which are sleeved with the rings have different functions of placing soil samples, storing water, serving as a saturation cylinder and the like, and are compact in structure and matched in function; the first through hole forms the siphon effect after communicating inner ring chamber and barrel inner chamber, and second through hole and third through hole are used for keeping inner ring chamber and barrel inner chamber pressure equal, make both water levels unanimous, so can ensure that there is water and constantly has water infiltration soil sample above the soil sample all the time for the soil sample remains the saturated condition all the time at vacuum negative pressure consolidation test in-process, and measuring result is more accurate.
The bottom of barrel is connected with the drain pan, and the upper surface undercut of drain pan forms the water storage chamber between the diapire of drain pan and barrel, is equipped with the hole of permeating water of a plurality of intercommunication water storage chambers and barrel inner chamber on the diapire of barrel, and the graduated flask of vertical setting is installed in the outside of frame, is equipped with the water service pipe between the bottom of graduated flask and the drain pan, and the water service pipe is with the inner chamber and the water storage chamber intercommunication of graduated flask, installs first valve on the water service pipe. After the first valve is opened, water in the measuring cylinder can be continuously pumped out through the water service pipe, the water storage cavity, the lower permeable stone, the soil sample and the upper permeable stone for testing the permeability of the soil sample.
The inner wall of barrel is including the inner wall upper segment, inner wall middle section, the inner wall hypomere that connect gradually, and the inner wall middle section is located between permeable stone and the last permeable stone down, is connected with the elasticity inner tube between inner wall upper segment and the inner wall hypomere, and the elasticity inner tube is located the inboard in inner wall middle section, and the through-hole is seted up in the inner wall middle section and is connected with the inlet tube, and the bottom that the inlet tube passed the barrel is linked together with the water service pipe, installs the second valve on the inlet tube. During the vacuum negative pressure consolidation test, along with the continuous going on of evacuation, the lateral deformation can take place for the soil sample, and the elasticity inner tube can laminate on the soil sample this moment, can appear the space between elasticity inner tube and the inner wall middle section afterwards, opens the second valve, and water in the graduated flask will supply to the space that appears, can measure the lateral deformation volume of soil sample through the water level variation who observes the graduated flask, combines the settlement change of soil sample, can survey the whole deformation volume of soil sample.
The position cover that is equipped with the third through-hole on the tracker is equipped with can slide from top to bottom and can pivoted shutoff sleeve, the position that lies in the shutoff sleeve top on the tracker evenly encircles and has been laid four stoppers, the telescopic top surface of shutoff corresponds the stopper and is equipped with four spacing grooves, the position that lies in the shutoff sleeve below on the tracker is equipped with the spacing ring, the position cover that lies in between shutoff sleeve and the spacing ring on the tracker is equipped with reset spring, reset spring's upper and lower both ends respectively with the telescopic lower terminal surface of shutoff, the spacing ring contact, be equipped with on the shutoff sleeve and can align with the fourth through-hole of third through-hole when the shutoff sleeve lies in the top dead center and rotates the settlement angle. After the structure is adopted, the rotation angle of the plugging sleeve is adjustable, when the plugging sleeve rotates to one set angle, the fourth through hole is aligned with the third through hole, and the third through hole on the tracking rod is in an open state and is used for performing vacuum negative pressure consolidation test; when the plugging sleeve rotates to another set angle, the fourth through hole can be far away from the third through hole, and the third through hole on the tracking rod is in a closed state and used for carrying out a penetration test.
A plurality of water passing grooves are annularly distributed on the periphery of the air exhaust cover, and an inwards concave air collecting cavity is arranged on the bottom surface of the air exhaust cover. Through set up the basin in the periphery of aspirating the cover, the water of aspirating the cover top gets into permeable stone more easily to make the soil sample be in the saturated condition.
The tracking rod comprises a pipe body and an air plug arranged at the upper end of the pipe body, the inner cavity of the pipe body forms the air exhaust channel, a blind hole is formed in the lower end face of the air plug, the upper end portion of the pipe body extends into the blind hole and is connected together through threads, and an air vent used for being connected with a communicating pipe is formed in the side portion of the air plug. The plug is used for plugging the pipe body and is connected with the communicating pipe, and the plug can be detached from the pipe body, so that the installation of the sealing cover is facilitated.
The upper end face of the plug is provided with a spherical pit, the measuring device is a dial indicator, and a measuring rod of the dial indicator extends into the spherical pit. The spherical recess is combined with the measuring rod of the dial indicator, so that the dial indicator can measure more accurately.
And the bottom wall of the outer ring cavity is connected with a drain pipe, and a third valve is arranged on the drain pipe. After the third valve is opened, water in the outer ring cavity can be discharged outwards, and excessive water stored in the outer ring cavity is avoided.
An observation window is arranged on the outer wall of the cylinder body, and an observation plate made of transparent materials is arranged at the observation window. The water quantity in the outer ring cavity can be observed in real time through the transparent observation plate, and excessive water storage in the outer ring cavity is avoided.
The frame includes the base and connects the left and right sides stand on the base, and the inboard of stand is equipped with the bracket, the barrel is installed in the bracket top and is located the space between the stand, is connected with the crossbeam between the stand, and the crossbeam is located the top of barrel, measuring device installs on the crossbeam. The frame is used for fixing the cylinder and the measuring device, so that the device works stably.
In conclusion, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention can be used for vacuum negative pressure consolidation test and penetration test, and realizes two purposes; during the vacuum negative pressure consolidation test, the soil sample can be always kept in a saturated state, so that the measurement result is more accurate; the settlement change of the soil sample can be measured during the vacuum negative pressure consolidation test, the lateral deformation of the soil sample can also be measured, and the integral deformation of the soil sample can be more accurately measured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the embodiment of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of FIG. 2 taken along line A-A;
FIG. 4 is a bottom view of the extraction hood shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a tracking rod, a plugging sleeve and its mounting structure of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of FIG. 5;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a prior art consolidator configuration;
in the figure: 1. the device comprises a frame, 101, a base, 102, a column, 103, a bracket, 2, a barrel, 3, lower permeable stone, 4, upper permeable stone, 5, an air extraction cover, 6, a tracking rod, 601, a pipe body, 602, a plug, 7, an air extraction channel, 8, a measuring device, 9, a sealing cover, 10, a through hole, 11, an inner ring cavity, 12, an outer ring cavity, 13, a first through hole, 14, a second through hole, 15, a third through hole, 16, a communicating pipe, 17, an air extraction opening, 18, a bottom shell, 19, a water storage cavity, 20, a permeable hole, 21, a water pipe, 22, a first valve, 23, a plugging sleeve, 24, a limiting block, 25, a limiting groove, 26, a limiting ring, 27, a reset spring, 28, a fourth through hole, 29, a notch, 30, a stud, 31, a butterfly nut, 32, a sealing gasket, 33, an extension sleeve, 34, a ring groove, 35, a sealing ring, 36, a water passing groove, 37, a gas collection cavity, 40, a gas collection cavity, and a gas collection cavity, The device comprises a blind hole, 41, an air vent, 42, a spherical recess, 43, a measuring rod, 44, a water discharging pipe, 45, a third valve, 46, an observation window, 47, an observation plate, 51, a cross beam, 52, an air pumping pipe, 53, a vacuum pressure gauge, 54, an air pressure adjusting valve, 56, a measuring cylinder, 57, an inner wall upper section, 58, an inner wall middle section, 59, an inner wall lower section, 60, an elastic inner cylinder, 61, a water inlet pipe, 62 and a second valve.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, in an embodiment of the present invention, an indoor soil negative pressure consolidation device includes a frame 1, and a cylinder 2 with an opening at an upper end is installed on the frame 1. The frame 1 comprises a base 101 and a left upright column and a right upright column 102 which are connected on the base 101, a bracket 103 is arranged on the inner side of the two upright columns 102, and the cylinder 2 is arranged above the bracket 103 and is positioned in the space between the two upright columns 102. The inner cavity of the cylinder body 2 is sequentially provided with a lower permeable stone 3, an upper permeable stone 4 and an air exhaust cover 5 from bottom to top, and a soil sample placing space is arranged between the lower permeable stone 3 and the upper permeable stone 4. The top of the air exhaust cover 5 is connected with a tracking rod 6 which is vertically arranged, and an air exhaust channel 7 communicated with the bottom surface of the air exhaust cover 5 is arranged in the tracking rod 6. A measuring device 8 for measuring the vertical displacement of the tracking rod 6 is arranged on the frame 1. The opening of barrel 2 is installed with detachable sealed lid 9, is equipped with through-hole 10 on the sealed lid 9, and the tracking pole 6 passes through-hole 10 and upwards stretches out, and tracking pole 6 and through-hole 10 are the movive seal cooperation. The wall of the cylinder body 2 is of a three-layer structure, and an inner annular cavity 11 and an outer annular cavity 12 are formed between the three layers. A first through hole 13 is formed in the inner wall of the barrel body 2, and the first through hole 13 is communicated with the inner ring cavity 11 and the inner cavity of the barrel body 2. And a second through hole 14 is arranged on the spacing layer between the inner ring cavity 11 and the outer ring cavity 12, and the second through hole 14 is used for communicating the inner ring cavity 11 and the outer ring cavity 12. A third through hole 15 is formed in the position, below the sealing cover 9, of the tracking rod 6, and the third through hole 15 is used for communicating the air exhaust channel 7 with the inner cavity of the barrel 2. The first through hole 13, the second through hole 14 and the third through hole 15 are sequentially raised and higher than the suction hood 5. A communicating pipe 16 is arranged between the air exhaust channel 7 and the outer ring cavity 12, one end of the communicating pipe 16 is connected with the part of the tracking rod 6 above the sealing cover 9, and the other end is connected with the cylinder 2. The upper edge of the cylinder 2 is provided with a vacuum pressure gauge 53 communicated with the outer ring cavity 12. Be equipped with extraction opening 17 on the outer wall of barrel 2, extraction opening 17 department is connected with exhaust tube 52, installs air pressure adjusting valve 54 on the exhaust tube 52, and exhaust tube 52 connects the vacuum pump during the use, starts the vacuum pump and can evacuation to outer ring cavity 12, and air pressure adjusting valve 54 is used for adjusting the degree of vacuum. Of course, the vacuum pumping device can also be directly connected with the pumping hole 17 to realize vacuum pumping.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, in order to facilitate the disassembly and assembly of the sealing cover 9, a plurality of notches 29 are circumferentially distributed at the edge of the sealing cover 9, a plurality of studs 30 are circumferentially distributed at the upper edge of the cylinder 2 corresponding to the notches 29, the studs 30 extend upwards through the corresponding notches 29, and butterfly nuts 31 are screwed at the extending ends of the studs 30. To ensure the seal between the cartridge 2 and the seal cap 9, a seal gasket 32 is provided between the upper edge of the cartridge 2 and the seal cap 9. In order to ensure the sealing between the through hole 10 and the trace rod 6, an extension sleeve 33 extending upward is connected to a portion of the seal cap 9 where the through hole 10 is provided, two annular grooves 34 are provided on the inner wall of the extension sleeve 33, and a seal ring 35 is installed in the annular groove 34.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, in a further modification of the present invention, a bottom shell 18 is connected to the bottom of the barrel 2, the upper surface of the bottom shell 18 is recessed downward, a water storage cavity 19 is formed between the bottom shell 18 and the bottom wall of the barrel 2, and a plurality of water permeable holes 20 communicating the water storage cavity 19 with the inner cavity of the barrel 2 are formed in the bottom wall of the barrel 2. The outer side of the frame 1 is provided with a vertically arranged measuring cylinder 56, a water pipe 21 is arranged between the bottom of the measuring cylinder 56 and the bottom shell 18, the inner cavity of the measuring cylinder 56 is communicated with the water storage cavity 19 through the water pipe 21, and the water pipe 21 is provided with a first valve 22.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, in a further improvement of the present invention, the inner wall of the cylinder 2 includes an inner wall upper section 57, an inner wall middle section 58 and an inner wall lower section 59, which are connected in sequence, the inner wall middle section 58 is located between the lower permeable stone 3 and the upper permeable stone 4, an elastic inner cylinder 60 is connected between the inner wall upper section 57 and the inner wall lower section 59, and the elastic inner cylinder 60 is located inside the inner wall middle section 58. The middle section 58 of the inner wall is provided with a through hole and is connected with a water inlet pipe 61, the water inlet pipe 61 penetrates through the bottom of the barrel body 2 and is communicated with the water through pipe 21, and a second valve 62 is arranged on the water inlet pipe 61.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, in order to control the opening and closing of the third through hole 15, the portion of the tracking rod 6 where the third through hole 15 is provided is sleeved with a plugging sleeve 23. Referring to fig. 5, 6, and 7, in order to realize the free switching of the blocking state of the third through hole 15, the blocking sleeve 23 is sleeved on the tracking rod 6 in a vertically slidable manner, four limit blocks 24 are uniformly and annularly distributed on the tracking rod 6 above the blocking sleeve 23, four limit grooves 25 are formed in the top surface of the blocking sleeve 23 corresponding to the limit blocks 24, a limit ring 26 is formed on the tracking rod 6 below the blocking sleeve 23, a return spring 27 is sleeved on the tracking rod 6 between the blocking sleeve 23 and the limit ring 26, the upper end and the lower end of the return spring 27 are respectively in contact with the lower end surface of the blocking sleeve 23 and the limit ring 26, and a fourth through hole 28 capable of aligning with the third through hole 15 when the blocking sleeve 23 is located at the upper dead point and rotates to a set angle is formed in the blocking sleeve 23. The blocking sleeve 23 is pulled downwards to enable the limiting block 24 to be separated from the limiting groove 25, therefore, the blocking sleeve 23 can be rotated to enable the fourth through hole 28 to rotate to the other side, then the blocking sleeve 23 is loosened, the blocking sleeve 23 is jacked upwards by the reset spring 27, the limiting block 24 is combined with the limiting groove 25, at the moment, the third through hole 15 is not aligned with the fourth through hole 28, and the third through hole 15 is blocked by the blocking sleeve 23.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, when the invention is used, a soil sample is placed between the lower permeable stone 3 and the upper permeable stone 4, water is added into the cylinder 2, and water above the air extraction cover 5 can enter the upper permeable stone 4 through a gap between the air extraction cover 5 and the inner wall of the cylinder 2 during vacuum pumping, so that the soil sample is in a saturated state. Referring to fig. 4, in order to make water more easily enter the upper permeable stone 4, a plurality of water passing grooves 36 are annularly distributed on the periphery of the air exhaust cover 5, and an inwards concave gas collecting cavity 37 is arranged on the bottom surface of the air exhaust cover 5.
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, as a preferred embodiment, the tracking rod 6 includes a tube 601 and a plug 602 mounted at the upper end of the tube 601, the inner cavity of the tube 601 forms the suction channel 7, a blind hole 40 is provided on the lower end surface of the plug 602, the upper end of the tube 601 extends into the blind hole 40 and is connected together by a screw thread, and a vent 41 for connecting with the communication pipe 16 is provided on the side of the plug 602. The upper end surface of the plug 602 is provided with a spherical recess 42, the measuring device in this embodiment is a dial indicator, and the measuring rod 43 of the dial indicator extends into the spherical recess 42. In order to install the dial indicator, a cross beam 51 is connected between the two upright posts 102, the cross beam 51 is positioned above the cylinder body 2, and the dial indicator is installed on the cross beam 51.
Referring to fig. 3, in order to facilitate the drainage of the outer annular chamber 12, a drain pipe 44 is connected to the bottom wall of the outer annular chamber 12, and a third valve 45 is installed on the drain pipe 44.
Referring to fig. 1 and 3, in order to observe the water amount in the outer annular chamber 12 conveniently, an observation window 46 is provided on the outer wall of the cylinder 2, and an observation plate 47 made of a transparent material is installed at the observation window 46.
The indoor soil body negative pressure consolidation device has the following use mode:
1) and (3) vacuum negative pressure consolidation test: the initial water content and the density of the soil sample are tested before the soil sample is filled, the lower permeable stone 3 and the upper permeable stone 4 are soaked and saturated, the lower permeable stone 3, the soil sample, the upper permeable stone 4 and the air extraction cover 5 are filled in the cylinder 2, water is added into the cylinder 2, the water level in the inner cavity of the cylinder 2 is higher than the first through hole 13, the water level exceeds the first through hole 13 and then enters the inner ring cavity 11, the water level overflows to the outer ring cavity 12 when reaching the second through hole 14 and does not rise any more, the water adding is stopped, the sealing cover 9 is installed, the communicating pipe 16 is connected, the air extraction pipe 52 is connected with the vacuum pump, the vacuum pump is started, the air pressure regulating valve 54 is regulated according to the value displayed by the vacuum pressure gauge 53 until the vacuum pressure gauge 53 displays the set vacuum degree, the initial height of the soil sample is recorded, the value changes of the dial indicators in different times are recorded, and the settlement change of the soil sample along with the time is determined. Because the tracking rod 6 is provided with the third through hole 15, air in the cylinder 2 can be extracted to form vacuum negative pressure, so that internal and external pressure difference is formed, and the tracking rod 6 forces the extraction hood 5 to move downwards under the action of external atmospheric pressure to form negative pressure consolidation. The inner ring cavity 11 plays a role in controlling water level, in the whole test process, the second through hole 14 and the third through hole 15 enable the inner cavity of the barrel body 2 and the air pressure of the inner ring cavity 11 to be always kept consistent, the first through hole 13 is located below the water level, water can maintain dynamic balance in the inner cavity of the barrel body 2 and the inner ring cavity 11 through the first through hole 13, the water level in the inner cavity of the barrel body 2 is always over the air exhaust cover 5, so that a soil sample is always in a saturated state, the outer ring cavity 12 has a function of a saturated cylinder, and water can be prevented from entering the vacuum pump.
In the vacuum negative pressure consolidation test, along with the continuous going on of evacuation, the lateral deformation can take place for the soil sample, elasticity inner tube 60 can laminate on the soil sample this moment, can appear the space between elasticity inner tube 60 and the inner wall middle section 58 afterwards, open second valve 62, water in graduated flask 56 will supply to the space that appears, can measure the lateral deformation volume of soil sample through observing the water level variation of graduated flask 56, combine the settlement change of soil sample, can survey the whole deformation volume of soil sample.
2) And (3) penetration test: rotating shutoff sleeve 23 and making third through hole 15 close, adorning water in graduated flask 56, opening first valve 22, under the vacuum effect, the water in the graduated flask 56 can get into water storage chamber 19 along water service pipe 21, and the rethread is permeable stone 3 down, soil sample, is gone up permeable stone 4, air exhaust channel 7 and is flowed the discharge, but according to the water level variation in the graduated flask 56 in the unit interval calculate the osmotic coefficient accurately.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and substitutions should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An indoor soil body negative pressure consolidation device comprises a rack (1) and is characterized in that a barrel (2) with an upper end open is installed on the rack (1), a lower permeable stone (3), an upper permeable stone (4) and an air exhaust cover (5) are sequentially installed in an inner cavity of the barrel (2) from bottom to top, a soil sample placing space is arranged between the lower permeable stone (3) and the upper permeable stone (4), a tracking rod (6) which is vertically arranged is connected to the top of the air exhaust cover (5), an air exhaust channel (7) communicated with the bottom surface of the air exhaust cover (5) is arranged in the tracking rod (6), a measuring device (8) used for measuring the vertical displacement of the tracking rod (6) is installed on the rack (1), a detachable sealing cover (9) is installed at an opening of the barrel (2), a through hole (10) is formed in the sealing cover (9), and the tracking rod (6) penetrates through the through hole (10) to extend upwards, the tracking rod (6) is in dynamic seal fit with the through hole (10), the cylinder wall of the cylinder body (2) is of a three-layer structure, an inner ring cavity (11) and an outer ring cavity (12) are formed between the three layers, a first through hole (13) is formed in the inner wall of the cylinder body (2), a second through hole (14) is formed in a spacing layer between the inner ring cavity (11) and the outer ring cavity (12), a third through hole (15) is formed in a position, below the sealing cover (9), on the tracking rod (6), the first through hole (13), the second through hole (14) and the third through hole (15) sequentially rise and are higher than the air exhaust cover (5), a communicating pipe (16) is arranged between the air exhaust channel (7) and the outer ring cavity (12), and an air exhaust opening (17) used for connecting a vacuum pumping device is formed in the outer wall of the cylinder body (2).
2. An indoor soil body negative pressure consolidation device according to claim 1, wherein a bottom shell (18) is connected to the bottom of the barrel body (2), the upper surface of the bottom shell (18) is recessed downward, a water storage cavity (19) is formed between the bottom shell (18) and the bottom wall of the barrel body (2), a plurality of water permeable holes (20) which are communicated with the water storage cavity (19) and the inner cavity of the barrel body (2) are formed in the bottom wall of the barrel body (2), a vertically arranged measuring cylinder (56) is installed on the outer side of the rack (1), a water through pipe (21) is arranged between the bottom of the measuring cylinder (56) and the bottom shell (18), the inner cavity of the measuring cylinder (56) is communicated with the water storage cavity (19) through the water through pipe (21), and a first valve (22) is installed on the water through pipe (21).
3. The indoor soil negative pressure consolidation device of claim 2, wherein the inner wall of the barrel (2) comprises an upper inner wall section (57), a middle inner wall section (58) and a lower inner wall section (59) which are connected in sequence, the middle inner wall section (58) is located between the lower permeable stone (3) and the upper permeable stone (4), an elastic inner cylinder (60) is connected between the upper inner wall section (57) and the lower inner wall section (59), the elastic inner cylinder (60) is located at the inner side of the middle inner wall section (58), the middle inner wall section (58) is provided with a through hole and is connected with a water inlet pipe (61), the water inlet pipe (61) passes through the bottom of the barrel (2) and is communicated with the water through pipe (21), and a second valve (62) is installed on the water inlet pipe (61).
4. An indoor soil body negative pressure consolidation device according to claim 1, wherein a blocking sleeve (23) capable of sliding up and down and rotating is sleeved on a portion of the tracking rod (6) provided with a third through hole (15), four limiting blocks (24) are uniformly distributed on the tracking rod (6) above the blocking sleeve (23) in a surrounding manner, four limiting grooves (25) are formed in the top surface of the blocking sleeve (23) corresponding to the limiting blocks (24), a limiting ring (26) is arranged on the tracking rod (6) below the blocking sleeve (23), a return spring (27) is sleeved on the tracking rod (6) between the blocking sleeve (23) and the limiting ring (26), the upper end and the lower end of the return spring (27) are respectively contacted with the lower end surface of the blocking sleeve (23) and the limiting ring (26), and a fourth through hole (15) capable of aligning with the third through hole (15) when the blocking sleeve (23) is positioned at the upper stop point and rotates to a set angle is arranged on the blocking sleeve (23) A through hole (28).
5. An indoor soil negative pressure consolidation device according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of water passing grooves (36) are annularly distributed on the periphery of the air extraction cover (5), and an inwards concave air collection cavity (37) is arranged on the bottom surface of the air extraction cover (5).
6. An indoor soil body negative pressure consolidation device according to claim 1, wherein the tracking rod (6) comprises a pipe body (601) and a plug (602) installed at the upper end of the pipe body (601), the inner cavity of the pipe body (601) forms the air suction channel (7), a blind hole (40) is arranged on the lower end face of the plug (602), the upper end part of the pipe body (601) extends into the blind hole (40) and is connected together through threads, and a vent hole (41) used for being connected with the communicating pipe (16) is arranged on the side part of the plug (602).
7. An indoor soil body negative pressure consolidation device according to claim 6, wherein the upper end face of the plug (602) is provided with a spherical recess (42), the measuring device (8) is a dial indicator, and a measuring rod (43) of the dial indicator extends into the spherical recess (42).
8. An indoor soil body negative pressure consolidation device according to claim 1, wherein a drain pipe (44) is connected to the bottom wall of the outer ring cavity (12), and a third valve (45) is installed on the drain pipe (44).
9. An indoor soil body negative pressure consolidation device according to claim 1, wherein an observation window (46) is arranged on the outer wall of the cylinder body (2), and an observation plate (47) made of transparent material is arranged at the observation window (46).
10. An indoor soil body negative pressure consolidation device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the frame (1) comprises a base (101) and a left upright column and a right upright column (102) connected to the base (101), brackets (103) are arranged on the inner sides of the two upright columns (102), the barrel (2) is installed above the brackets (103) and located in a space between the two upright columns (102), a cross beam (51) is connected between the two upright columns (102), the cross beam (51) is located above the barrel (2), and the measuring device (8) is installed on the cross beam (51).
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