CN104897544B - The vaporization prevention type double-ring infiltration instrument for being easily installed and fixing - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an anti-evaporation double-ring infiltration meter which is easy to install and fix, which is composed of a water supply bottle on a fixed bracket, an inner ring, an outer ring, a fixed connecting rod connecting the inner and outer rings, and a knocker installed on the top of the inner and outer rings. It is composed of hitting cover plate and anti-evaporation cover plate. All parts are independent of each other, easy to handle, and assembled after the on-site test starts. The inner and outer rings are connected and fixed by fixed connecting rods, which improves the overall rigidity of the inner and outer rings and prevents deflection when the bottom of the double rings enters the soil. A percussion cover is installed on the top of the double ring. When the inner and outer rings are knocked, the inner and outer rings will enter the soil stably as a whole without tilting or tilting. In addition, during the seepage process, an anti-evaporation cover plate is installed on the top of the inner and outer rings to avoid a large amount of evaporation caused by weather. Therefore, the infiltration boundary conditions should be strictly controlled while accurately measuring the infiltration amount, so as to obtain accurate soil infiltration rate and master the infiltration characteristics of soil.

Description

Evaporation-proof double-ring infiltrator that is easy to install and fix

technical field

The invention relates to an infiltration meter for measuring soil infiltration rate on site, in particular to an evaporation-proof double-ring infiltration meter which is easy to install and fix.

Background technique

Infiltration refers to the process of rainfall, irrigation and other water entering the soil, and is an important link in the mutual transformation of rainfall, surface water and groundwater. Soil infiltration is closely related to soil erosion, surface runoff, farmland irrigation, and water-induced geological disasters. Therefore, it is very important to understand the infiltration performance of soil, especially the infiltration characteristics of soil on site. At present, the single-ring or double-ring infiltration method is mostly used to measure the soil infiltration rate on site. These test methods may have the following deficiencies during the test process:

1. The horizontal diffusion of water in the infiltration process is not one-dimensional infiltration. During the single-ring infiltration process, water will inevitably diffuse to the horizontal direction. In the traditional double-ring method, the inner and outer rings are independent, and the center of the inner and outer rings cannot be guaranteed to be consistent during the process of driving the ring into the soil, which will cause water to diffuse horizontally during the infiltration process, affecting the accurate measurement of the infiltration rate.

2. Contact seepage may occur between the soil body and the inner and outer rings. When the inner and outer rings are directly hit, the ring wall may be inclined. When the inclination is corrected, a gap will be formed between the ring wall and the soil, and contact seepage will occur during the water infiltration process, which will affect the measurement of the soil infiltration rate. Accuracy.

3. The influence of evaporation on infiltration flow measurement is not considered. During the field seepage test, due to the large liquid surface area of the inner and outer rings with stable water levels, ignoring the effect of evaporation will result in a higher infiltration rate.

4. The measurement accuracy of infiltration is low. The traditional single-ring or double-ring method uses a large-caliber Martens bottle to supply water or directly pours water into the ring. The volume error of the infiltration water measured by this method is very large, and the calculated infiltration rate deviates greatly from the real value.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the present invention proposes an anti-evaporation type double-ring infiltrator that is easy to install and fix.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: comprising an outer ring and an inner ring, and an outer ring water supply bottle and an inner ring water supply bottle respectively connected with the outer ring and the inner ring, and the outer ring and the inner ring are composed of The connecting rods are fixed, and the upper ends of the outer ring and the inner ring are provided with a percussion cover and an anti-evaporation cover. During the test, the percussion cover is installed to knock the outer ring and the inner ring into the soil to the required height, and then open the Hit the cover plate, remove the fixed connecting rod and install the plug, and then install the anti-evaporation cover plate for infiltration test.

The outer ring and the inner ring are fixedly connected by several fixed connecting rods, and the positions of the fixed connecting rods match the depths of the outer ring and the inner ring.

The fixed connecting rod is provided with marks corresponding to the positions of the inner ring and the outer ring, which can control the position and depth of the double rings.

The lower ends of the inner ring and the outer ring are set in a knife-edge shape for easy entry into the soil.

There are graduated scales on the ring walls of the inner ring and the outer ring as scales for controlling the depth of the soil and the depth of the water.

The ring wall of the outer ring is provided with an opening, and the hose between the inner ring water supply bottle and the inner ring passes through the opening.

Both the outer ring water supply bottle and the inner ring water supply bottle are provided with a cylinder cover, and the cylinder cover is provided with an air inlet pipe and a water injection port. The air inlet pipe is inserted into the water outlet at the bottom of the water supply bottle, and the outer ring water supply bottle Water level pipes are all arranged on the bottle body of the inner ring water supply bottle.

The cylinder cover is a plexiglass cylinder cover, and the cylinder cover is configured as a groove structure, and an O-ring is arranged in the groove.

The percussion cover and the anti-evaporation cover are provided with rubber gaskets between the outer ring, and are connected and fixed with the flange of the outer ring by bolts. Rubber spacers are provided between the top ends of the rings.

Ventilation holes are arranged on the anti-evaporation cover plate.

Compared with the prior art, all components of the present invention are independent, easy to carry, and can be assembled after the on-site test starts. The inner and outer rings are connected and fixed by fixed connecting rods, which improves the overall rigidity of the inner and outer rings and prevents the deflection when the bottom of the double rings enters the soil. The position of the fixed connecting rods matches the depth of the double rings into the soil. The mark corresponding to the position of the outer ring controls the position and depth of the double ring. A percussion cover is installed on the top of the double ring. When the inner and outer rings are knocked, the inner and outer rings will enter the soil stably as a whole without tilting or tilting, so that the infiltration of the inner ring is maximized and close to one-dimensional. Infiltration. In addition, during the seepage process, an anti-evaporation cover plate is installed on the top of the inner and outer rings to avoid a large amount of evaporation caused by weather. The present invention uses a water supply bottle with a small-diameter water level pipe to supply water for the infiltration test and measure the infiltration amount. The diameter of the water supply bottle is set according to the difference in the seepage flow rate of the inner and outer rings, and the high-precision infiltration amount of the inner ring and the outer ring can be obtained at the same time .

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the overall schematic diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the top view of fixed connecting rod among the present invention;

Figure 3 is a top view of the knocking cover;

Fig. 4 is a top view of the anti-evaporation cover;

Among them, 1. Plexiglass cylinder cover; 2. Air intake pipe; 3. Water injection port; 4. Water injection valve; 5. O-ring; 6. Inner ring water supply bottle; 7. Water level pipe; 8. Inner ring water supply bottle valve; 9. Cover plate rubber gasket; 10. Flange bolts; 11. Flange gasket; 12. Percussion cover plate; 13. Fixed bracket; 14. Outer ring; 15. Inner ring; 16. Fixed connecting rod; 17. Water level line; 18. Connecting rod gasket; 19. Connecting rod fixing bolt; 20. Inner ring valve; 21. Outer ring valve; 22. Outer ring water supply bottle valve; 23. Hose; 24. Evaporation prevention cover; 25 , vent hole; 26, ground line; 27, outer ring water supply bottle; 28, rubber gasket of connecting rod; 29, card slot.

detailed description

Referring to FIG. 1 , both the inner ring water supply bottle 6 and the outer ring water supply bottle 27 of the present invention are placed on the fixed bracket 13 . The water supply bottle is based on the principle of the Martens bottle, and consists of a plexiglass cylinder cover 1 and a plexiglass cylinder. The cylinder cover 1 at the upper end of the plexiglass cylinder is provided with a groove structure, and a suitable O-ring 5 is arranged in the groove. There are two openings on the cylinder cover 1, one of which is inserted into the air inlet pipe 2 to the height of the water outlet at the bottom of the water supply bottle, and the other opening is the water injection port 3, from which water is filled into the bottle when the water level in the water supply bottle is too low. The opening of the side wall of the water supply bottle is connected to the thin-diameter water level pipe 7, and the water level pipe 7 has a scale scale. The inner ring water supply bottle 6 and the outer ring water supply bottle 27 are respectively connected with the inner ring 15 and the outer ring 14 through two sections of hoses 23, and the two ends of the hose 23 are respectively provided with an inner ring water supply bottle valve 8, an inner ring valve 20, an outer Ring water bottle valve 22 and outer ring valve 21.

Referring to Fig. 2, the inner ring 15 and the outer ring 14 are connected as a whole by the fixed connecting rod 16 through the connecting rod fixing bolt 19, which improves the rigidity of the double ring as a whole, and the fixed connecting rod 16 has the inner ring 15 and the outer ring 14 corresponding location markers. When the double ring is knocked into the soil body, the deflection of the inner and outer ring walls can be avoided. The ring wall of the outer ring 14 is provided with an opening at a certain height, and the hose between the inner ring water supply bottle 8 and the inner ring 15 passes through the opening of the outer ring wall, and the opening of the outer ring wall is slightly larger than the diameter of the hose. Air vent as outer ring 14. The ring walls of the outer ring 14 and the inner ring 15 all have graduated scales, which are used as scales for controlling the depth of the double rings buried in the soil and the depth of accumulated water. The bottoms of the outer ring 14 and the inner ring 15 are in the form of cutting edges to facilitate their entry into the soil.

Referring to Figure 3 and Figure 4, there are two types of cover plates on the top of the double ring, one is the knock cover 12 installed when the double ring enters the soil, so that the inner and outer rings enter the soil stably as a whole during the knocking process, and can prevent The double ring is damaged. The other is the anti-evaporation cover plate 24 installed during the infiltration test, and the upper and lower sides of the percussion cover plate 12 and the anti-evaporation cover plate 24 are provided with cover plate rubber gaskets 9 . Knock the lower end of the cover plate 12 to set a card slot 29 for fixing the inner ring 15. A rubber gasket is placed between the card slot 29 and the inner ring 15. The upper end of the outer ring 14 is provided with a flange and the cover plate is connected by flange bolts 10. The flange A flange gasket 11 is provided on the bolt 10 . The anti-evaporation cover plate 24 is provided with micro air holes 25 .

All parts of the present invention including inner ring 15, outer ring 14, fixed connecting rod 16, percussion cover plate 12, anti-evaporation cover plate 24 etc. are all independent, easy to carry, assemble after field test begins. The inner and outer rings are connected and fixed by a number of fixed connecting rods 16, which improves the overall rigidity of the inner and outer rings and prevents the bottom of the double ring from deflecting when it enters the soil. The position of the fixed connecting rod 16 matches the depth of the double rings, and the fixed connecting rod 16 has marks on the corresponding positions of the inner ring and the outer ring to control the position and the buried depth of the double rings. The knocking cover plate 12 is installed on the top of the double ring. When the inner and outer rings are knocked, the inner and outer rings will enter the soil body stably as a whole, and it is not easy to warp or tilt. In addition, during the seepage process, an anti-evaporation cover plate 24 is installed on the top of the inner and outer rings to avoid a large amount of evaporation caused by weather.

The water supply bottle of the present invention is placed on the fixed support, and the two water supply bottles are respectively connected with the inner ring 15 and the outer ring 14 through the flexible pipe 23, and the two ends of the flexible pipe 23 are provided with valves. First, fix the inner and outer rings with the fixed connecting rod 16. After installing the knocking cover 12, carefully knock the double ring into the soil to the required height, then open the knocking cover 12, remove the fixed connecting rod 16 and install the plug, and then install Anti-evaporation cover plate 24, after the water supply bottle is filled with water, open the valve and start the infiltration test.

The water supply bottle is composed of a plexiglass cylinder cover and a plexiglass cylinder. There are two openings on the plexiglass cylinder cover, which are the water injection port and the air inlet respectively. The side wall of the water supply bottle has a water level pipe 7 with a small diameter to communicate with the inside of the water supply bottle, and the water level pipe 7 has a scale scale. The two water supply bottles are the inner ring water supply bottle 6 and the outer ring water supply bottle 27 respectively.

Both the inner wall of the inner ring 15 and the inner wall of the outer ring 14 have scale scales. The inner ring 15 and the outer ring 14 are connected by a fixed connecting rod 16. The position of the fixed connecting rod 16 matches the depth of the double ring into the soil, and the fixed connecting rod 16 has marks on the corresponding positions of the inner ring and the outer ring to control the position of the double ring and the depth of the double ring. depth.

In addition, there are two types of cover plates on the top of the double ring, one is the knock cover 12 installed when the double ring enters the soil, so that the inner and outer rings enter the soil stably during the knocking process, and the fixed connecting rod improves the inner and outer rings. The overall rigidity (stiffness), the percussion cover combined with the fixed connecting rod can avoid the deformation of the ring body material during the percussion process, and improve the durability of the double-ring ring body. The other is the anti-evaporation cover plate 24 installed during the infiltration test. Both cover plates are provided with cover plate rubber gaskets, and the lower end of the knocked cover plate is provided with a slot 29 for fixing the inner ring 15. The slot 29 and the A rubber gasket is placed between the inner rings 15, and the upper end of the outer ring is provided with a flange and the cover plate is connected by bolts. Ventilation holes are arranged on the anti-evaporation cover plate.

Concrete use steps of the present invention are as follows:

(1) First, excavate a test pit of appropriate size at the site where the infiltration test is planned.

(2) After placing the inner and outer rings in the center of the test pit, connect the inner and outer rings according to the marks on the corresponding positions of the inner ring 15 and the outer ring 14 on the fixed connecting rod 16. After tightening the bolts, check the fixed connecting rod and the inner and outer rings to ensure that the inner and outer rings are The ring height is the same;

(3) After placing rubber gaskets on the flange of the outer ring and the knocking cover plate 12, use bolts to connect the outer ring 14 and the knocking cover plate 12, and then symmetrically knock the cover plate rubber gasket on the knocking cover plate 14 9. Hit the double ring with a heavy hammer to enter the soil, and use the scale on the inner wall of the double ring to control the depth of the soil to avoid tilting. When the fixed connecting rod reaches the position of the ground line 26, stop hitting the double ring;

(4) Open the percussion cover plate 12, remove the fixed connecting rod 16 between the inner and outer rings and install the plug, and then install the anti-evaporation cover plate 24;

(5) Place the inner and outer ring water supply bottles on the fixed bracket 13 next to each other, and connect the water supply bottle and the valve on the ring wall with a hose 23;

(6) Fill the water supply bottle with water, and fill the inner ring 15 and the outer ring 14 to the set height, open the valve next to the water supply bottle and the ring wall, and start the infiltration test. During the test, when the water supply bottle When the water level is too low, inject water through the water injection port 3, and continuously adjust the water inlet valves of the inner and outer rings. When the water level line 17 of the inner and outer rings remains at the required height, start measuring the infiltration rate of the soil, and record at intervals The change of the height of the water level pipe on the side wall of the water supply bottle is used to calculate the infiltration amount to calculate the infiltration rate of the soil.

All the parts of the invention are independent, convenient to carry, and assembled after the on-site test starts. The inner and outer rings are connected and fixed by fixed connecting rods, which improves the overall rigidity of the inner and outer rings and prevents the deflection when the bottom of the double rings enters the soil. The position of the fixed connecting rods matches the depth of the double rings into the soil. The mark corresponding to the position of the outer ring controls the position and depth of the double ring. A percussion cover is installed on the top of the double ring. When the inner and outer rings are knocked, the inner and outer rings will enter the soil stably as a whole without tilting or tilting, so that the infiltration of the inner ring is maximized and close to one-dimensional. Infiltration. In addition, during the seepage process, an anti-evaporation cover plate is installed on the top of the inner and outer rings to avoid a large amount of evaporation caused by weather. The present invention adopts a water supply bottle with a small-diameter water level pipe to supply water for the infiltration test and measure the infiltration amount, which is beneficial to obtain a more accurate soil infiltration rate, and the diameter of the water supply bottle is set according to the difference between the inner and outer ring seepage flow rates, which can Simultaneously obtain high-precision infiltration of the inner and outer rings.

Claims (8)

1. An anti-evaporation type double-ring infiltration instrument that is easy to install and fix is characterized in that: comprise outer ring (14) and inner ring (15), and be connected with outer ring (14) and inner ring (15) respectively Outer ring water supply bottle (27) and inner ring water supply bottle (6), described outer ring (14) and inner ring (15) are connected by fixed connecting rod (16), described outer ring (14) and inner ring (15) fixedly connected by several fixed connecting rods (16), the position of the fixed connecting rods (16) matches the depth of the outer ring (14) and the inner ring (15), and the fixed connecting rods (16) Marks corresponding to the positions of the inner ring (15) and the outer ring (14) are provided on the upper end, which can control the position and depth of the double rings. The upper ends of the outer ring (14) and the inner ring (15) are provided with knocking cover plates ( 12) and the anti-evaporation cover (24), the knocking cover (12) is installed during the test, and after the outer ring (14) and the inner ring (15) are knocked into the soil to the required height, the knocking cover (12 ), remove the fixed connecting rod (16) and install the plug, and then install the anti-evaporation cover (24) for infiltration test. 2. An anti-evaporation type double-ring infiltrator that is easy to install and fix according to claim 1, characterized in that: the lower ends of the inner ring (15) and the outer ring (14) are set to facilitate entry into the soil edge-shaped. 3. according to claim 2, a kind of anti-evaporation type double-ring infiltration instrument that is easy to install and fix, is characterized in that: the ring wall of described inner ring (15) and outer ring (14) all has scale scale , as a ruler to control the depth of buried water and water accumulation. 4. according to claim 3, a kind of anti-evaporation type double-ring infiltration instrument that is easy to install and fix is characterized in that: the ring wall of the outer ring (14) is provided with an opening, and the inner ring water supply bottle (6 ) and the inner ring (15) through the opening. 5. According to claim 1, a kind of anti-evaporation type double-ring infiltration instrument that is easy to install and fix is characterized in that: the outer ring water supply bottle (27) and the inner ring water supply bottle (6) are all provided with The cylinder cover (1), the cylinder cover (1) is provided with an air inlet pipe (2) and a water injection port (3), and the air inlet pipe (2) is inserted into the water outlet position at the bottom of the water supply bottle, and the outer ring water supply bottle ( 27) and the bottle body of the inner ring water supply bottle (6) are all provided with a water level pipe (7). 6. A kind of anti-evaporation type double-ring infiltration instrument that is easy to install and fix according to claim 5, characterized in that: the cylinder cover (1) is a plexiglass cylinder cover, and the cylinder cover (1) is set as a concave Groove structure, an O-ring (5) is arranged in the groove. 7. A kind of anti-evaporation type double-ring infiltration instrument that is easy to install and fix according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described percussion cover plate (12) and anti-evaporation cover plate (24) and outer ring ( 14) rubber gaskets are set between them, and they are connected and fixed with the flange of the outer ring by bolts, and the lower end of the anti-evaporation cover plate (12) is provided with a slot (29) corresponding to the position of the inner ring (15), and the slot (29) and the inner ring (15) Rubber spacers are arranged between the top ends. 8. An easy-to-install and fix evaporation-proof double-ring infiltrator according to claim 1, characterized in that: said evaporation-proof cover plate (24) is provided with ventilation holes (25).