CN114160874A

CN114160874A - Special broaching machine for high-precision ultra-long workpiece

Info

Publication number: CN114160874A
Application number: CN202111549997.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 赵建华; 陈留洋; 刘代波; 李敢
Original assignee: Changsha Sisheng Intelligent Device Co ltd
Current assignee: Changsha Sisheng Intelligent Device Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-12-17
Filing date: 2021-12-17
Publication date: 2022-03-11
Anticipated expiration: 2041-12-17
Also published as: CN114160874B

Abstract

The invention relates to a special broaching machine for a high-precision ultralong workpiece. The special broaching machine for the high-precision ultralong workpiece comprises a machine body, a workbench, a positioning tool, a centering structure, a centering driving piece, a broaching mechanism, a broaching driving piece and a following mechanism. The positioning surface, the positioning bulge, the centering bulge and the pressing surface form a clamping part. The centering driving piece is used for driving the centering structure to slide along the direction towards or away from the positioning surface so as to adjust the size of the clamping part. The broaching mechanism comprises a main sliding plate and a broaching tool component. The broach assembly comprises a cutter rod and a broach arranged on the cutter rod. One end of the cutter bar penetrates through the guide through hole to be connected with the main sliding plate. The broaching driving piece is used for driving the main sliding plate to drive the cutter bar to move along a first direction. The following mechanism comprises a mounting block and a following rod. One end of the following rod is connected with the mounting block, and the other end of the following rod can penetrate through the centering through hole in a sliding mode and can be in coaxial butt joint with the cutter bar. The special broaching machine for the high-precision ultra-long workpiece can improve the processing precision and the processing efficiency of the ultra-long workpiece.

Description

Special broaching machine for high-precision ultra-long workpiece

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of broaching equipment, in particular to a special broaching machine for a high-precision ultra-long workpiece.

Background

With the continuous development of the manufacturing industry, an inner groove is inevitably required to be machined on the inner hole of some overlong workpieces. The inner groove on the inner hole of the overlong workpiece is generally obtained by machining in a linear cutting or milling mode. However, for some very long workpieces with very high machining requirements, the machining mode of wire cutting or milling is difficult to meet the precision requirement. Moreover, because the length of the overlong workpiece is very long, the length of the required milling cutter or wire electrode for linear cutting is correspondingly increased, and vibration is inevitably generated in the machining process along with the increase of the length of the milling cutter or the wire electrode for linear cutting, so that the machining precision is reduced. In order to increase the machining accuracy, frequent stoppage for maintenance or reduction in machining speed is required, resulting in low machining efficiency.

Disclosure of Invention

Therefore, it is necessary to provide a high-precision special broaching machine for an ultra-long workpiece, which can improve the processing precision and the processing efficiency of the ultra-long workpiece, aiming at the problems of low processing precision and low processing efficiency of the traditional ultra-long workpiece processing mode.

A special broaching machine for high-precision ultra-long workpieces comprises a machine body, a workbench arranged on the machine body, a positioning tool arranged on the workbench, a centering structure, a centering driving piece, a broaching mechanism, a broaching driving piece and a following mechanism;

the positioning tool is provided with a positioning surface; a guide through hole and a positioning bulge extending along the circumferential direction of the guide through hole are formed on the positioning surface;

the centering structure is arranged on the lathe bed and is positioned above the positioning tool; the centering structure is provided with a pressing surface; a centering through hole aligned with the guide through hole and a centering protrusion extending along the circumferential direction of the centering through hole are formed on the pressing surface;

a clamping part for clamping the ultra-long workpiece to be machined is formed among the positioning surface, the positioning bulge, the centering bulge and the pressing surface; the centering driving piece is in transmission connection with the centering structure and is used for driving the centering structure to slide along the direction towards or away from the pressing surface so as to adjust the size of the clamping part;

the broaching mechanism comprises a main sliding plate and a broaching tool assembly; the main sliding plate is arranged on the lathe bed and is positioned below the positioning tool; the broach assembly comprises a cutter rod and a broach arranged on the cutter rod; one end of the cutter bar penetrates through the guide through hole to be connected with the main sliding plate; the broaching driving piece is in transmission connection with the main sliding plate and is used for driving the main sliding plate to drive the cutter bar to move along a first direction parallel to the axial direction of the guide through hole;

the following mechanism comprises a mounting block and a following rod; the mounting block is slidably mounted on the bed body along the first direction and is positioned above the centering structure; one end of the following rod is connected with the mounting block, and the other end of the following rod can penetrate through the centering through hole in a sliding mode and can be in coaxial butt joint with the cutter bar.

In some embodiments, a first avoiding groove is formed in the inner wall of the guide through hole at a position corresponding to the broach; a second position-avoiding groove is formed in the position, corresponding to the broach, of the inner wall of one end, close to the positioning surface, of the centering through hole; the first avoiding groove is aligned with the second avoiding groove.

In some embodiments, a side wall of the positioning tool is provided with a chip scraping groove communicated with the first avoiding groove;

the special broaching machine for the high-precision ultra-long workpiece further comprises a scrap scraping mechanism; the scrap scraping mechanism comprises a sliding block, a scrap scraping plate and a scrap scraping driving piece; the sliding block is slidably arranged in the chip scraping groove; one end of the scrap scraping plate is connected with the sliding block, and the other end of the scrap scraping plate is bent upwards to form a scrap scraping hook; the scrap scraping driving piece is in transmission connection with the sliding block to drive the sliding block to slide along the direction towards or away from the first avoidance groove, so that the scrap scraping hook extends into the first avoidance groove or contracts in the scrap scraping groove.

In some of these embodiments, a follower drive is also included; the following driving piece is in transmission connection with the following rod and used for providing a driving force for driving the following rod to move along the direction departing from the positioning surface.

In some embodiments, the device further comprises a centering transmission mechanism, a broaching transmission mechanism and a following transmission mechanism;

the centering transmission mechanism comprises a centering screw rod and a centering nut which is sleeved on and screwed on the centering screw rod; one end of the centering screw rod is in transmission connection with the centering driving piece; the centering nut is fixedly connected with the centering structure;

the broaching transmission mechanism comprises a broaching screw rod and a thread transmission piece with a transmission threaded hole; the broaching screw rod penetrates through and is in threaded connection with the transmission threaded hole; the threaded driving element is slidably mounted on the bed body along the first direction; the main sliding plate is fixed on the threaded transmission part;

the following transmission mechanism comprises a following screw rod and a following nut which is sleeved on and screwed on the following screw rod; one end of the following screw rod is in transmission connection with the following driving piece; the following nut is fixed on the following rod.

In some embodiments, the broaching screw, the centering screw and the following screw are arranged in parallel and at intervals; and/or

The broaching transmission mechanism also comprises two mounting pieces; the two mounting pieces are arranged on the bed body at intervals along the first direction; two ends of the broaching screw rod are respectively and rotatably arranged on the two mounting pieces; and/or

An accommodating groove is formed in the end face, facing one end of the following driving piece, of the following rod; the following nut is fixed at an opening of the accommodating groove, and one end, far away from the following driving piece, of the following screw rod extends into the accommodating groove.

In some embodiments, the device further comprises a first detection piece, a second detection piece and a control system; the first detection piece and the second detection piece are in communication connection with the control system; the first detection piece is used for detecting broaching displacement information of the broaching tool; the second detection piece is used for detecting the following position information of the following rod;

and the control system is respectively and electrically connected with the broaching driving part and the following driving part and is used for respectively controlling the broaching driving part and the following driving part to operate according to the broaching displacement information and the following position information.

In some embodiments, the device further comprises a feed mechanism and a feed driving part; the feed mechanism comprises a feed column with a feed surface; the cutter feeding surface is an inclined surface which is obliquely arranged relative to a central axis of the cutter feeding column; the broach can be in slidable abutting joint with the knife feeding surface; the feed driving part is in transmission connection with the feed column and is used for driving the feed column to move along the central axis direction of the feed column; to push the broach to telescope relative to the tool bar.

In some embodiments, the tool bar is a hollow cylindrical structure; the feed mechanism also comprises a feed pull rod; the feed driving piece is in transmission connection with the feed column through the feed pull rod; the feed column is movably arranged in the cutter bar in a penetrating way.

In some embodiments, the device further comprises a first detection piece, a third detection piece and a control system; the first detection piece and the third detection piece are in communication connection with the control system; the first detection piece is used for collecting broaching displacement information of the broaching tool; the third detection piece is used for acquiring the feed amount information of the broach;

the control system is respectively electrically connected with the broaching driving part and the feed driving part and is used for controlling the broaching driving part and the feed driving part to operate according to the broaching displacement information and the feed amount information.

The special broaching machine for the high-precision ultra-long workpiece can be used for broaching the ultra-long workpiece to be machined so as to obtain an inner groove on the hole wall of the inner hole of the ultra-long workpiece to be machined. Compared with the mode of performing inner groove machining on the overlong workpiece to be machined in other modes such as linear cutting, milling and the like in the prior art, the method of broaching the overlong workpiece by using the special broaching machine for the overlong workpiece can improve the machining precision of the overlong workpiece, and the centering structure is matched with the positioning tool so as to reduce the probability of shaking, swinging or sliding of the overlong workpiece to be machined in the broaching process and further improve the machining precision of the overlong workpiece. In addition, in the broaching processing process, the following rod can move downwards along with the cutter bar under the action of gravity, and the mounting block and the centering structure form two supporting points on the following rod, so that the following rod can be guaranteed to have higher stability in the moving process. Moreover, the use of the special broaching machine for the high-precision ultra-long workpiece can reduce the probability of halt inspection in the processing process of the ultra-long workpiece, and the stability of the cutter bar and the ultra-long workpiece to be processed is higher, so that the feed amount of the broaching tool can be properly increased to improve the processing efficiency of the ultra-long workpiece. Therefore, the special broaching machine for the high-precision overlong workpiece can improve the processing efficiency and the processing precision of the overlong workpiece to be processed.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a special broaching machine for high-precision ultra-long workpieces in the preferred embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of the special broaching machine for high-precision ultra-long workpieces shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a positioning tool in the special broaching machine for the high-precision ultra-long workpiece shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a positioning element in the positioning tool shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a centering structure in the special broaching machine for the high-precision ultra-long workpiece shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of a portion B of the special broaching machine for high-precision ultra-long workpieces shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 7 is a partial enlarged view of a portion C of the special broaching machine for high-precision ultra-long workpieces shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 8 is a partial enlarged view of a portion D of the special broaching machine for high-precision ultra-long workpieces shown in FIG. 2;

fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of a tool feeding column in the special high-precision ultra-long workpiece broaching machine shown in fig. 1.

Description of reference numerals: 100. a special broaching machine for high-precision ultra-long workpieces; 20. a first direction; 30. a pit; 110. a bed body; 120. a work table; 121. connecting holes; 130. positioning a tool; 131. a fixed seat; 132. a positioning member; 133. positioning the surface; 134. a guide through hole; 135. positioning the projection; 136. a limiting block; 137. a first avoiding groove; 138. scraping a chip groove; 140. a centering structure; 141. pressing and holding the noodles; 142. centering the through hole; 143. a centering projection; 144. a second avoiding groove; 150. a centering drive; 160. a broaching mechanism; 161. a main slide plate; 162. a broach assembly; 1621. a cutter bar; 1622. broaching; 170. a broaching drive member; 180. a following mechanism; 181. mounting blocks; 182. a follower bar; 1821. a containing groove; 190. a clamping portion; 201. a scrap scraping mechanism; 2011. a slider; 2012. a scraping plate; 2013. a scrap scraping drive member; 202. a following driving member; 203. a centering transmission mechanism; 2031. a centering screw rod; 2032. a centering nut; 204. a broaching drive mechanism; 2041. broaching the screw rod; 2042. a threaded drive member; 2043. a mounting member; 205. a following transmission mechanism; 2051. following the screw rod; 2052. a follower nut; 2061. a first detecting member; 2062. a second detecting member; 207. a control system; 208. a feed mechanism; 2081. feeding a tool post; 20811. a knife feeding surface; 2082. a feed pull rod; 209. a feed drive.

Detailed Description

To facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

When an element is referred to as being "on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present, unless otherwise specified. It will also be understood that when an element is referred to as being "between" two elements, it can be the only one between the two elements, or one or more intervening elements may also be present.

Where the terms "comprising," "having," and "including" are used herein, another element may be added unless an explicit limitation is used, such as "only," "consisting of … …," etc. Unless mentioned to the contrary, terms in the singular may include the plural and are not to be construed as being one in number.

Furthermore, the drawings are not 1: 1, and the relative dimensions of the various elements in the figures are drawn for illustration only and not necessarily to true scale.

Fig. 1 and 2 show the structure of a special broaching machine for a high-precision ultra-long workpiece in an embodiment of the invention. For convenience of explanation, only portions related to the embodiments of the present invention are shown.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a broaching machine 100 for high-precision ultra-long workpieces in a preferred embodiment of the invention includes a machine body 110, a worktable 120, a positioning tool 130, a centering structure 140, a centering driving member 150, a broaching mechanism 160, a broaching driving member 170, and a following mechanism 180. In order to reduce the floor space, the high-precision ultralong workpiece special broaching machine 100 is a vertical type broaching machine. In order to reduce the installation center of gravity of the high-precision ultra-long workpiece special broaching machine 100 and improve the structural stability of the whole machine, when the high-precision ultra-long workpiece special broaching machine 100 is installed, a pit 30 is usually dug on the ground, and the machine body 110 is installed in the pit 30.

The table 120 is mounted on the bed 110. Specifically, the table 120 is located at a lower end of the bed 110. The positioning tool 130 is mounted on the table 120. Specifically, the positioning tool 130 is mounted on the upper surface of the worktable 120. The positioning tool 130 may be an integral structure, or may be formed by combining a plurality of components.

Referring to fig. 3 and fig. 4, in detail, the positioning tool 130 includes a fixing base 131 and a positioning element 132. The fixing base 131 is provided with a mounting hole (not shown). The positioning member 132 is inserted through and fixed in the mounting hole. The worktable 120 is provided with a coupling hole 121. The fixing base 131 is mounted on the worktable 120, and the lower end of the positioning member 132 extends into the connecting hole 121. In the part processing, the structural characteristics of the positioning tool 130 make the positioning tool unsuitable for integral processing, and the positioning tool 130 is divided into the fixing seat 131 and the positioning part 132 to be formed separately, so that the processing difficulty can be reduced, the processing precision can be improved, the material waste is less, and the processing cost is lower.

The positioning tool 130 has a positioning surface 133. Specifically, the positioning surface 133 is an upper surface of the positioning tool 130. The positioning surface 133 is formed with a guide through hole 134 and a positioning protrusion 135 extending in the circumferential direction of the guide through hole 134. Specifically, the positioning element 132 has a positioning surface 133, and the positioning element 132 is provided with a guide through hole 134.

One or more positioning protrusions 135 may be provided. When there is one positioning protrusion 135, the positioning protrusion 135 may be a strip-shaped rib extending along the circumferential direction of the guide through hole 134, or may be an annular rib disposed along the circumferential direction of the guide through hole 134. When the positioning protrusions 135 are plural, the positioning protrusions 135 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the guide through hole 134, and at this time, the positioning protrusions 135 may be strip-shaped protruding ridges extending along the circumferential direction of the guide through hole 134, or may be block-shaped structures.

Referring to fig. 5, the centering structure 140 is mounted on the bed 110 and located above the positioning tool 130. The centering structure 140 has a pressing surface 141. Specifically, the pressing surface 141 is a lower surface of the centering structure 140. The pressing surface 141 is formed with a centering through hole 142 aligned with the guide through hole 134 and a centering protrusion 143 extending in the circumferential direction of the centering through hole 142. One or more centering protrusions 143 may be provided. When there is one centering protrusion 143, the centering protrusion 143 may be a strip-shaped rib extending along the circumferential direction of the centering through hole 142, or may be an annular rib disposed along the circumferential direction of the centering through hole 142. When the centering protrusion 143 is plural, the plural centering protrusions are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the centering through hole 142, and at this time, the centering protrusion 143 may be a strip-shaped rib extending along the circumferential direction of the guide through hole 134, or may be a block-shaped structure.

The positioning surface 133 and the pressing surface 141 can be horizontal, inclined, conical, corrugated, etc. Of course, in order to ensure that the two end surfaces of the ultra-long workpiece to be machined have a larger contact area with the positioning surface 133 and the pressing surface 141 respectively and improve the stability of the two ends of the ultra-long workpiece to be machined on the positioning surface 133 and the pressing surface 141 respectively, the positioning surface 133 may be set as a surface matched with the lower end surface of the ultra-long workpiece to be machined, and the pressing surface 141 may be set as a surface matched with the upper end surface of the ultra-long workpiece to be machined.

Referring to fig. 1, 4 and 5 again, a clamping portion 190 for clamping the workpiece to be processed is formed between the positioning surface 133, the positioning protrusion 135, the centering protrusion 143 and the pressing surface 141. The centering driving member 150 is in transmission connection with the centering structure 140, and is used for driving the centering structure 140 to slide in a direction towards or away from the positioning surface 133, so as to adjust the size of the clamping portion 190.

When the ultra-long workpiece to be machined needs to be clamped in the clamping part 190, one end of the ultra-long workpiece to be machined needs to be sleeved on the positioning protrusion 135 and vertically placed on the positioning surface 133; then, the centering driving member 150 drives the centering structure 140 to move downward until the end of the ultra-long workpiece to be machined, which is far away from the positioning surface 133, is sleeved on the centering protrusion 143 and abuts against the pressing surface 141, so that the ultra-long workpiece to be machined is pressed on the positioning surface 133 by the centering structure 140, and the clamping action of the ultra-long workpiece to be machined in the clamping portion 190 is realized.

Referring to fig. 2 and 6, the broaching mechanism 160 includes a main slide plate 161 and a broaching assembly 162. The main sliding plate 161 is installed on the bed 110 and located below the positioning tool 130. Broach assembly 162 includes a tool bar 1621 and a broach 1622 mounted to tool bar 1621. Specifically, the broach 1622 is detachably mounted on the arbor 1621. One end of the knife bar 1621 passes through the guide through-hole 134 and is connected to the main slide plate 161. The broaching drive member 170 is drivingly connected to the main slide plate 161 for driving the main slide plate 161 to move the tool bar 1621 in a first direction 20 parallel to the axial direction of the guide through hole 134. Here, the first direction 20 may be a vertical direction, or may be a direction slightly inclined with respect to the vertical direction. Specifically, when the high-precision ultralong workpiece special broaching machine 100 is located in a horizontal plane, the first direction 20 is a vertical direction. Each broach assembly 162 may include only one broach 1622, or may include a plurality of broaches 1622. Specifically, the broaching tool 1622 is provided in plurality, and the plurality of broaching tools 1622 are disposed on the tool bar 1621 at intervals in the circumferential direction of the tool bar 1621. The arrangement of the broaches 1622 can simultaneously process a plurality of inner grooves or a plurality of broaching structures on the same super-long workpiece, thereby being beneficial to the improvement of the processing efficiency of the super-long workpiece.

Referring to fig. 2, 6 and 7, the following mechanism 180 includes a mounting block 181 and a following rod 182. The mounting block 181 is slidably mounted on the bed 110 in the first direction 20 and is located above the centering structure 140. The follower rod 182 has one end connected to the mounting block 181 and the other end slidably passing through the centering through-hole 142 and coaxially abutting the cutter bar 1621.

For the convenience of understanding, the following is a brief description of the process of processing the ultra-long workpiece to be processed by using the special drawing-through for the high-precision ultra-long workpiece:

(1) carrying and erecting the overlong workpiece to be machined to the positioning surface 133 by using manpower or other auxiliary devices, and sleeving one end of the overlong workpiece to be machined on the positioning protrusion 135 so as to limit the position of the overlong workpiece to be machined in the positioning surface 133;

(2) the broaching driving member 170 is used for driving the cutter bar 1621 to move upwards along the first direction 20 until the broaching tool 1622 passes through the inner hole of the super-long workpiece to be machined and extends out of the upper end surface of the super-long workpiece to be machined;

(3) the centering structure 140 is driven by the centering driving member 150 to move downwards until the pressing surface 141 abuts against the upper end surface of the overlong workpiece to be machined, and the centering protrusion 143 is inserted into the overlong workpiece to be machined so as to clamp the overlong workpiece to be machined in the clamping part 190;

(4) the following rod 182 moves downwards under the action of self gravity or other auxiliary force until the lower end of the following rod 182 is coaxially butted with the upper end of the pull rod;

(5) the broaching driving member 170 is used for driving the tool bar 1621 to drive the broaching tool 1622 to move downwards along the first direction 20, and meanwhile, the following rod 182 moves downwards along with the tool bar 1621 under the action of the gravity of the following rod 182, so that the broaching tool 1622 performs broaching on an inner hole of an overlong workpiece to be machined;

(6) after the broaching machining is finished, the centering driving piece 150 is used for driving the centering structure 140 to move upwards, so that the centering structure 140 loosens the machined ultra-long workpiece to be machined;

(7) the following rod 182 and the mounting block 181 are driven to move upwards by structures such as a driving motor and a mechanical arm, so that the lower end of the following rod 182 is separated from the cutter bar 1621 and moves upwards to the upper part of the overlong workpiece to be processed, so that the following rod 182 is moved out of the overlong workpiece to be processed, and the blanking of the overlong workpiece to be processed after broaching can be facilitated.

Compared with the mode of machining the overlong workpiece to be machined by utilizing machining processes such as linear cutting, milling and the like in the prior art, the broaching machine 100 special for the high-precision overlong workpiece can be used for broaching the inner hole of the overlong workpiece to be machined, and the machining precision of the overlong workpiece is greatly improved.

The centering structure 140 is matched with the positioning tool 130, so that the overlong workpiece to be machined can be clamped in the clamping part 190 of the special broaching machine 100 for the high-precision overlong workpiece, the probability of swinging, shaking, sliding and the like of the overlong workpiece to be machined in the broaching machining process is reduced, and the machining precision of the overlong workpiece is further improved.

In addition, the mounting block 181 and the centering structure 140 form two support points on the following rod 182 to ensure high stability of the following rod 182. And when the following rod 182 follows the cutter bar 1621 to move downwards to carry out broaching processing on the inner hole of the overlong workpiece to be processed by utilizing the broaching tool 1622, the following rod 182 with higher stability can improve the stability of the cutter bar 1621 in the moving process, so as to reduce the probability of swinging or shaking of the cutter bar 1621 in the broaching processing process, and further improve the processing precision of the overlong workpiece.

Moreover, in the process of broaching and machining the overlong workpiece by using the special broaching machine 100 for the high-precision overlong workpiece, the fixing effect of the overlong workpiece on the special broaching machine 100 for the high-precision overlong workpiece is better, and the operation precision of the broaching tool 1622 is higher, so that frequent halt inspection is not needed in the machining process of the overlong workpiece, the tool feeding amount of the broaching tool 1622 can be properly increased, the broaching speed is increased, and the machining efficiency of the overlong workpiece is greatly improved.

Referring to fig. 3 again, in some embodiments, the positioning tool 130 further includes a limiting block 136. The stopper 136 is detachably mounted on the positioning surface 133 and spaced apart from the outer side of the centering protrusion 143. The limiting block 136 is used for limiting the circumferential position of the overlong workpiece to be machined in the clamping portion 190. In the actual use process, when the overlong workpiece to be machined is sleeved on the positioning protrusion 135 and is placed on the positioning surface 133, the limiting block 136 abuts against the specific structure on the outer surface of the overlong workpiece to limit the circumferential position of the overlong workpiece to be machined, so that broaching machining is performed on the specific position on the overlong workpiece to be machined, and the machining precision of the overlong workpiece is improved.

Referring to fig. 3 to 5 again, in some embodiments, the inner wall of the guiding through hole 134 is provided with a first avoiding groove 137 at a position corresponding to the broach 1622. The inner wall of the centering through hole 142 near one end of the positioning surface 133 is provided with a second avoiding groove 144 at a position corresponding to the broach 1622. The first avoiding groove 137 is aligned with the second avoiding groove 144. The first avoiding groove 137 and the second avoiding groove 144 are mainly used for avoiding the broach 1622, so that the probability that the broach 1622 and the positioning tool 130 are damaged due to collision of the broach 1622 and the positioning tool 130 in the broaching process is reduced, the service lives of the broach 1622 and the positioning tool 130 are effectively prolonged, and the service life of the special broaching machine 100 for high-precision ultra-long workpieces is prolonged.

In the diameter direction of the guide through hole 134, when the size of the first avoiding groove 137 is smaller than the thickness of the positioning protrusion 135, the positioning protrusion 135 may be a strip-shaped rib or an annular rib extending along the circumferential direction of the guide through hole 134; when the size of the first avoiding groove 137 is greater than or equal to the thickness of the positioning protrusion 135, the positioning protrusion 135 may be a rib extending along the circumferential direction of the centering through hole 142, at this time, the first avoiding groove 137 is formed between the head and the tail ends of the positioning protrusion 135, the positioning protrusions 135 may also be multiple, and at this time, the first avoiding groove 137 is formed between two adjacent positioning protrusions 135.

Similarly, in the diameter direction of the centering through hole 142, when the size of the second avoiding groove 144 is smaller than the thickness of the centering protrusion 143, the centering protrusion 143 is a strip-shaped rib or an annular rib extending along the circumferential direction of the centering through hole 142; when the size of the second avoiding groove 144 is greater than or equal to the thickness of the centering protrusion 143, the centering protrusion 143 may be a rib extending along the circumferential direction of the centering through hole 142, at this time, the second avoiding groove 144 is formed between the head and the tail of the centering protrusion 143, the centering protrusions 143 may also be multiple, and at this time, the second avoiding groove 144 is formed between two adjacent centering protrusions 143.

When there are a plurality of broaches 1622, the first avoiding groove 137 and the second avoiding groove 144 are both a plurality of broaches 1622 corresponding to one another.

Referring to fig. 4 and 8, in some embodiments, a side wall of the positioning tool 130 is provided with a scraping groove 138 communicated with the first avoiding groove 137. The special high-precision ultra-long workpiece broaching machine 100 further comprises a scrap scraping mechanism 201. The scrap scraping mechanism 201 includes a slider 2011, a scrap scraping plate 2012 and a scrap scraping driving member 2013. The slider 2011 is slidably mounted within the scrap groove 138. One end of the dust scraping plate 2012 is connected to the slider 2011, and the other end is bent to form a dust scraping hook. The scrap scraping driving member 2013 is in transmission connection with the slider 2011 and is used for driving the slider 2011 to slide in a direction towards or away from the first avoiding groove 137 so as to drive the scrap scraping hook to extend into the first avoiding groove 137 or contract into the scrap scraping groove 138.

When there are a plurality of first avoiding grooves 137, the scraping mechanism 201 is also provided in one-to-one correspondence with the first avoiding grooves 137. Specifically, when the positioning fixture 130 includes the fixing seat 131 and the positioning member 132, the scrap scraping groove 138 is formed in the positioning member 132, and the scrap scraping driving member 2013 is installed at an opening of one end of the scrap scraping groove 138, which is far away from the first avoiding groove 137.

In the broaching process of the ultra-long workpiece to be machined by the broaching tool 1622, although most of the chips are discharged along the first avoiding groove 137, a small amount of the chips are inevitably adhered to the broaching tool 1622. In practical use, when the broaching driving member 170 drives the slider 2011 to slide along the direction towards the first avoiding groove 137, so that the scrap hook extends into the first avoiding groove 137, the broaching tool 1622 touches the scrap hook when passing through the scrap hook, thereby hanging the scraps adhered to the broaching tool 1622, and the scraped scraps are discharged along the first avoiding groove 137 together with other scrap instruments; when the broaching driving member 170 drives the slider 2011 to slide in a direction away from the first avoiding groove 137 to retract the scraped scraps into the scrap scraping groove 138, the probability that the service life and the broaching speed of the broaching tool 1622 are affected due to the contact between the scrap scraping plate 2012 and the broaching tool 1622 is reduced. From this, the setting of scraping bits mechanism 201 can get rid of the sweeps that glues on broach 1622 to reduce the probability that the sweeps that glues on broach 1622 caused defects such as galling, fish tail to the broach face of the work piece of treating to process of overlength, in order to guarantee that the special wax of high accuracy overlength work piece has higher machining efficiency, still compromise higher machining precision.

The chip scraping mechanism 201 may be activated when the adhesion of chips to the surface of the broach 1622 is detected, so that the chip scraping mechanism may be periodically activated.

Referring again to fig. 2 and 7, in some embodiments, the high precision ultra-long workpiece special broaching machine 100 further comprises a following driving element 202. The follower driving member 202 is drivingly connected to the follower lever 182 for providing a driving force for moving the follower lever 182 in a direction away from the positioning surface 133. The movement of the follower bar 182 in the direction away from the positioning surface 133 means that the follower bar 182 moves upward. In practical application, before or during broaching of an ultra-long workpiece to be machined, the following driving member 202 idles or does not work when the following rod 182 moves downward under the action of its own weight; after the broaching of the ultra-long workpiece to be machined is completed, when the ultra-long workpiece to be machined needs to be blanked, the following rod 182 is disengaged from the cutter bar 1621 and moves upward under the action of the driving force provided by the following driving member 202. Therefore, compared with the modes of manual dragging, mechanical arm clamping and the like, the follow driving piece 202 installed on the lathe bed 110 is utilized, the moving speed of the follow rod 182 can be greatly increased, and the processing efficiency of the overlong workpiece is further improved.

Referring to fig. 6 and 7 again, in some embodiments, the special broaching machine 100 for high-precision ultra-long workpieces further includes a centering transmission mechanism 203, a broaching transmission mechanism 204 and a following transmission mechanism 205.

The centering transmission mechanism 203 includes a centering screw 2031 and a centering nut 2032 sleeved on and screwed on the centering screw 2031. One end of the centering screw 2031 is in transmission connection with the centering driving member 150, and the centering nut 2032 is fixedly connected with the centering structure 140. In the actual use process, the centering driving member 150 drives the centering screw 2031 to rotate, so that the centering nut 2032 drives the centering structure 140 to move along the longitudinal direction of the centering screw 2031, and therefore, the screw mechanism composed of the centering screw 2031 and the centering nut 2032 can improve the operation precision of the centering structure 140, and further can improve the operation precision of the following rod 182 in the downward movement process along with the cutter bar 1621.

The broaching transmission mechanism 204 includes a broaching screw 2041 and a driving screw 2042 having a driving threaded hole (not shown). The broaching screw 2041 is inserted into the driving threaded hole and screwed. The threaded drive 2042 is slidably mounted to the bed 110 in the first direction 20. The main slide plate 161 is fixed to the screw drive 2042. In practical use, the broaching driving member 170 drives the broaching screw 2041 to rotate, so that the driving screw 2042 drives the main sliding plate 161 to move along the first direction 20, and therefore the screw mechanism composed of the broaching screw 2041 and the driving screw 2042 can improve the moving precision of the main sliding plate 161 driving the cutter bar 1621 to move.

The following transmission mechanism 205 includes a following screw 2051 and a following nut 2052 that is fitted over and screwed to the following screw 2051. One end of the following screw 2051 is in transmission connection with the following driving piece 202. A follower nut 2052 is fixed to the follower lever 182. In the actual use process, the following driving member 202 drives the following screw rod 2051 to rotate, so that the following nut 2052 drives the following rod 182 to move along the first direction 20, and therefore, the screw mechanism consisting of the following screw rod 2051 and the following nut 2052 can improve the moving precision of the following rod 182 in the first direction 20, and can further improve the moving precision of the cutter rod 1621 driving the broach 1622 to move downwards.

Therefore, the arrangement of the centering transmission mechanism 203, the broaching transmission mechanism 204 and the following transmission mechanism 205 enables the operation precision of the special broaching machine 100 for the high-precision ultra-long workpiece to be higher, and further enables the machining precision of the special broaching machine 100 for the high-precision ultra-long workpiece to be higher.

Of course, in other embodiments, the broaching transmission mechanism 204, the centering transmission mechanism 203 and the following transmission mechanism 205 may be transmission mechanisms with the same structure, or transmission mechanisms with different structures, such as a belt transmission mechanism, a sprocket chain transmission mechanism, and the like.

Further, in some embodiments, the broaching screw 2041, centering screw 2031, and follower screw 2051 are parallel and spaced apart. Because the moving directions of the main sliding plate 161, the centering structure 140 and the following rod 182 are respectively consistent with the longitudinal direction of the broaching screw 2041, the longitudinal direction of the centering screw 2031 and the longitudinal direction of the following screw 2051, the broaching screw 2041, the centering screw 2031 and the following screw 2051 are arranged in parallel, and in the broaching process of the ultra-long workpiece to be machined, the moving directions of the tool bar 1621, the centering structure 140 and the following rod 182 are consistent, so that the machining precision of the ultra-long workpiece is higher.

Referring again to fig. 2, in some embodiments, broaching transmission mechanism 204 further includes two mounting members 2043. The two first mounting members 2043 are disposed on the bed 110 at intervals along the first direction 20. Both ends of the broaching screw rod 2041 are rotatably mounted to the two first mounting members 2043, respectively. From this, two installed parts 2043 form two strong points on broaching lead screw 2041 to guarantee the structural stability of broaching lead screw 2041 on lathe bed 110, and then make the stability that screw drive 2042 drove main slide 161 and remove the in-process higher, further improved broaching in-process broach 1622's stability, make the machining precision of overlength work piece higher.

Referring again to fig. 7, in some embodiments, one end of the following screw 2051 is rotatably mounted on the machine tool 110 near the following driving element 202. From this, follow the mounted position of lead screw 2051 on the lathe bed 110 and the formation of two strong points of installation piece 181 on following lead screw 2051 to guarantee that follow lead screw 2051 is higher in the structural stability on the lathe bed 110, be favorable to following the improvement of the downward removal in-process of cutter arbor 1621 with pole 182.

One end of the centering screw 2031 far away from the centering structure 140 is rotatably mounted on the bed 110 and is in transmission connection with the centering driving member 150. From this, the mounting position of centering lead screw 2031 on lathe bed 110 and centering structure 140 form two strong points on centering lead screw 2031 to guarantee the structural stability of centering lead screw 2031 on lathe bed 110, avoid following pole 182 and remove the in-process, centering structure 140 drives the circumstances of following pole 182 swing and takes place, are favorable to the promotion of overlength work piece machining precision.

Further, in some embodiments, the end surface of the follower bar 182 facing the end of the follower driving member 202 is provided with a receiving slot 1821. The follower nut 2052 is fixed to an opening of the receiving groove 1821. One end of the following screw 2051, which is far away from the following driving element 202, extends into the accommodating groove 1821. One end of the following screw 2051 is arranged in the accommodating groove 1821, so that the structure of the special high-precision and ultra-long workpiece broaching machine 100 is more compact, the following rod 182 is prevented from interfering with other parts (such as the centering structure 140) in the operation process of the special high-precision and ultra-long workpiece broaching machine 100, and the safety and reliability of the special high-precision and ultra-long workpiece broaching machine 100 are improved.

Specifically, the depth direction of the accommodating groove 1821 is the same as the first direction 20, so that the probability of collision between the following screw rod 2051 and the inner wall of the accommodating groove 1821 during the movement process of the following rod 182 is reduced, and the use safety of the special high-precision ultra-long workpiece broaching machine 100 can be further improved.

Referring to fig. 1 again, in some embodiments, the high-precision ultra-long workpiece special broaching machine 100 further includes a first detecting element 2061, a second detecting element 2062 and a control system 207. The first detecting member 2061 and the second detecting member 2062 are both communicatively connected to the control system 207. The first detecting member 2061 is used to collect broaching displacement information of the broaching tool 1622. The second detecting member 2062 is used to collect the following displacement information of the following rod 182. The control system 207 is electrically connected to the broaching drive member 170 and the following drive member 202, respectively, and is configured to control the operation of the broaching drive member 170 and the following drive member 202 according to the broaching displacement information and the following displacement information. The first detecting member 2061 and the second detecting member 2062 may be displacement grating scales or other displacement sensors.

In the actual use process, the control system 207 can control the operation of the broaching drive member 170 according to the broaching displacement information, so as to ensure that the broaching tool 1622 has higher operation precision; the control system 207 controls the following driving element 202 to operate according to the broaching displacement information and the following displacement information, so that after the broaching tool 1622 finishes one-time processing of an overlong workpiece to be processed, the following rod 182 is timely controlled to stop moving downwards continuously, the situation that the broaching tool 1622 reaches a final broaching position and then continues to follow the following rod 182 or follows the workpiece in place is avoided, the stabilizing effect of the following rod 182 on the broaching tool 1621 is improved, and the processing precision is further improved. Therefore, the arrangement of the first detecting member 2061, the second detecting member 2062, and the control system 207 not only improves the automation degree of the high-precision ultra-long workpiece special broaching machine 100, but also improves the machining precision of the high-precision ultra-long workpiece special broaching machine 100.

Referring to fig. 2, 8 and 9, in some embodiments, the high precision ultra-long workpiece special broaching machine 100 further includes a feeding mechanism 208 and a feeding driving member 209. The feed mechanism 208 includes a feed column 2081 having a feed surface 20811. The feeding surface 20811 is an inclined surface that is inclined with respect to the central axis of the feeding column 2081. Broach 1622 slidably abuts against cutting surface 20811. The feeding driving member 209 is in transmission connection with the feeding column 2081, and is used for driving the feeding column 2081 to move along the central axis direction thereof, so as to push the broach 1622 to extend and retract relative to the tool bar 1621.

In the practical use process, in order to ensure the machining precision of the ultra-long workpiece, in the broaching machining process, the ultra-long workpiece to be machined needs to be repeatedly broached for many times, and each time broaching is carried out, the broaching tool 1622 needs to carry out one-time feeding operation, so that effective broaching is realized.

Specifically, when the feeding driving member 209 drives the feeding column 2081 to move upwards along the central axis direction of the feeding column 2081, the feeding surface 20811 also moves upwards relative to the broach 1622, so that the broach 1622 is pushed by the feeding surface 20811 to extend outwards relative to the cutter bar 1621 along the central axis direction of the cutter bar 1621, so as to realize automatic feeding of the broach 1622; when the feeding driving member 209 drives the feeding column 2081 to move downwards along the central axis direction of the feeding column 2081, the feeding surface 20811 also moves downwards relative to the broach 1622, so that the broach 1622 abutted against the feeding surface 20811 is retracted inwards relative to the tool bar 1621, and the broach 1622 is retracted.

In the actual use process, each pair of overlong workpieces to be machined completes one broaching, the feed driving part 209 is firstly utilized to drive the guide post to move downwards so as to retract the broaching tool 1622, and the probability of broaching damage to the broaching surface of the overlong workpiece to be machined in the tool retracting process of the broaching tool 1622 is avoided; when the tool bar 1621 is driven by the to-be-broached driving member 170 to move upward along the first direction 20 until the broach 1622 reaches the broaching initial position (i.e., the broach 1622 completes the retracting action), the tool feed driving member 209 is used to drive the guide post to move upward so as to feed the broach 1622 to a proper feeding amount, and then the broach 1622 is used to perform next broaching on the overlong workpiece to be machined; the broaching operation of the ultra-long workpiece to be machined can be realized by repeating the operation for many times.

Therefore, the automatic feeding and retracting of the broaching tool 1622 can be realized by the arrangement of the feeding mechanism 208 and the feeding driving member 209, so that the special broaching machine 100 for high-precision and ultra-long workpieces is more convenient to use and has higher processing precision.

Referring to fig. 6 and 8 again, in some embodiments, the tool bar 1621 is a hollow cylinder. The feed mechanism 208 also includes a feed pull bar 2082. The feeding driving member 209 is in transmission connection with the feeding column 2081 through a feeding pull rod 2082. The tool feeding column 2081 is movably arranged in the tool bar 1621 in a penetrating way. The feeding pull rod 2082 mainly starts a power transmission function to transmit the power of the feeding driving member 209 to the feeding column 2081, so as to realize the automatic feeding and retracting of the broach 1622. The tool feeding column 2081 is arranged in the tool bar 1621, so that the structure of the special broaching machine 100 for the high-precision ultra-long workpiece is more compact, the probability of damage to the tool feeding mechanism 208 caused by collision between the tool feeding pull rod 2082 and other parts in the broaching process and the automatic tool feeding and retracting process can be reduced, and the tool feeding mechanism 208 has a longer service life.

Referring to fig. 1 again, in some embodiments, the high-precision ultra-long workpiece special broaching machine 100 further includes a first detecting element 2061, a third detecting element and a control system 207. The first detecting member 2061 and the third detecting member are both connected to the control system 207 in communication. The first detecting member 2061 is used to collect broaching displacement information of the broaching tool 1622. The second detecting member 2062 is used to collect the feed amount information of the broach 1622. The control system 207 is electrically connected to the broaching driving member 170 and the feeding driving member 209, respectively, and is configured to control the operation of the broaching driving member 170 and the feeding driving member 209 according to the broaching displacement information and the feeding amount information. The first detecting element 2061 and the third detecting element may be displacement grating scales or other displacement sensors.

In the actual use process, the control system 207 can control the operation of the broaching drive member 170 according to the broaching displacement information, so as to ensure that the broaching tool 1622 has higher operation precision;

when the broaching tool 1622 moves downwards to the final position to finish one-time broaching on the overlong workpiece to be machined, the control system 207 controls the tool feeding column 2081 to move upwards so as to realize the tool retracting action of the broaching tool 1622; after the broach 1622 finishes retracting, when the broach 1622 moves upward to the initial position, the control system 207 controls the feeding column 2081 to move downward by a preset distance so as to feed the broach 1622 by a preset feed amount, so that the subsequent broach 1622 can effectively broach an ultra-long workpiece to be machined. Therefore, the setting of the control system 207 can improve the feeding accuracy of the feeding mechanism 208.

At the part where the bore diameter of the inner bore of the ultra-long workpiece to be machined is gradually changed, the broaching driving member 170 and the following driving member 202 can be simultaneously controlled by the control system 207 to operate according to a preset requirement, so that the broaching tool 1622 is controlled to feed while the broaching tool 1622 is driven to move downwards to perform broaching machining, and a broaching structure inclined relative to the central axis of the ultra-long workpiece to be machined is obtained, for example, the inner bore edge formed on the bore wall of the inner bore is broached to obtain an inclined fillet structure.

Particularly, in the case that the bore diameters of the inner bores of some extra-long workpieces to be machined gradually change, the extra-long workpieces to be machined with different bore diameters are formed in the inner bore wall through broaching, and when fillet broaching is required to be performed on the inner bore, the following rod 182 is controlled to stop moving downwards in time after the broach 1622 completes one-time machining of the extra-long workpiece to be machined, so that the situation that the broach 1622 continues to follow the following rod 182 or follows the workpiece out of place after reaching the final broaching position is avoided, the stable effect of the following rod 182 on the cutter rod 1621 is improved, and the machining precision is further improved. Therefore, the arrangement of the first detecting member 2061, the second detecting member 2062, and the control system 207 not only improves the automation degree of the high-precision ultra-long workpiece special broaching machine 100, but also improves the machining precision of the high-precision ultra-long workpiece special broaching machine 100.

Therefore, the control system 207, the first detecting member 2061 and the third detecting member are arranged, so that the processing precision of the special high-precision ultra-long workpiece broaching machine 100 is greatly improved.

It should be noted that the control system 207 and the first detecting member 2061 in the two embodiments are the same component, and the functions of the two are the same, so the control system 207 can control the following driving member 202, the following driving member 202 and the feed driving member 209 to operate respectively according to the broaching displacement information, the following displacement information and the feed amount information.

The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A special broaching machine for high-precision ultra-long workpieces is characterized by comprising a machine body, a workbench arranged on the machine body, a positioning tool arranged on the workbench, a centering structure, a centering driving piece, a broaching mechanism, a broaching driving piece and a following mechanism;

2. The special broaching machine for the high-precision ultra-long workpiece according to claim 1, wherein a first avoiding groove is formed in the inner wall of the guide through hole at a position corresponding to the broaching tool; a second position-avoiding groove is formed in the position, corresponding to the broach, of the inner wall of one end, close to the positioning surface, of the centering through hole; the first avoiding groove is aligned with the second avoiding groove.

3. The special broaching machine for the high-precision ultra-long workpiece according to claim 2, wherein a chip scraping groove communicated with the first avoiding groove is formed in the side wall of the positioning tool;

4. The special broaching machine for the high-precision overlong workpiece according to claim 1, further comprising a following driving member; the following driving piece is in transmission connection with the following rod and used for providing a driving force for driving the following rod to move along the direction departing from the positioning surface.

5. The special broaching machine for the high-precision overlong workpiece according to claim 4, further comprising a centering transmission mechanism, a broaching transmission mechanism and a following transmission mechanism;

6. The special broaching machine for the high-precision overlong workpiece according to claim 5, wherein the broaching screw, the centering screw and the following screw are arranged in parallel and at intervals; and/or

7. The special broaching machine for the high-precision overlong workpiece according to claim 4, further comprising a first detection piece, a second detection piece and a control system; the first detection piece and the second detection piece are in communication connection with the control system; the first detection piece is used for detecting broaching displacement information of the broaching tool; the second detection piece is used for detecting the following position information of the following rod;

8. The special broaching machine for the high-precision overlong workpiece according to claim 1, further comprising a feed mechanism and a feed driving member; the feed mechanism comprises a feed column with a feed surface; the cutter feeding surface is an inclined surface which is obliquely arranged relative to a central axis of the cutter feeding column; the broach can be in slidable abutting joint with the knife feeding surface; the feed driving part is in transmission connection with the feed column and is used for driving the feed column to move along the central axis direction of the feed column so as to push the broaching tool to stretch relative to the tool bar.

9. The special broaching machine for the high-precision ultra-long workpiece according to claim 8, wherein the tool bar is of a hollow cylindrical structure; the feed mechanism also comprises a feed pull rod; the feed driving piece is in transmission connection with the feed column through the feed pull rod; the feed column is movably arranged in the cutter bar in a penetrating way.

10. The special broaching machine for the high-precision overlong workpiece according to claim 9, further comprising a first detection piece, a third detection piece and a control system; the first detection piece and the third detection piece are in communication connection with the control system; the first detection piece is used for collecting broaching displacement information of the broaching tool; the third detection piece is used for acquiring the feed amount information of the broach;