CN114159499B - 一种治疗肝纤维化的中药组合物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种治疗肝纤维化的中药组合物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及中药技术领域,具体涉及一种治疗肝纤维化的中药组合物及其制备方法和应用。所述用于治疗肝纤维化的中药组合物由黄芩、赤芍组成。其中,黄芩、赤芍的质量比可为:1:1‑4。药理学实验结果表明,本发明中的中药组合物可以干预肝纤维化大鼠模型,显著减低血清学指标ALT、AST、HA、LN、AKP、ALB的浓度,降低肝组织SOD、MDA、Hyp水平含量,肝组织病理影响HE,Masson染色显示可减轻肝纤维化程度。本发明的药物组合具有改善肝纤维化的作用,服用安全可靠,无毒副作用,配伍得当,各药味相辅相成,对肝纤维化的疗效显著,为临床治疗提供了新的选择。针对我国肝病发病率高具有广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药技术领域,具体涉及一种治疗肝纤维化的中药组合物及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
肝纤维化(Hepatic fibrosis,HF)是一种组织病理学概念。目前,病理学研究主要认为是由于肝脏受到损害,导致肝细胞发生炎症、坏死,使得肝脏中纤维组织增生和分解不平衡,肝脏纤维结缔组织过度沉积,激活肝星状细胞,造成肝组织内细胞外基质(Extracellular mat-rix,ECM)过度增生与异常沉积,代谢紊乱,最后导致肝纤维化。从而造成肝组织结构破坏,影响肝细胞血液供应,严重者逐步发展成肝硬化,甚至肝癌,严重影响患者健康甚至危及生命。肝纤维化已经成为危害国人健康的主要病因。
目前,越来越多研究已表明中药在治疗肝纤维化方面具有明显的疗效,不仅可以改善肝纤维化患者如腹胀腹泻、胁痛、黄疸、恶心反胃等临床症状,还可以靶向抗纤维化。由此可见,中药抗肝纤维化的研究已成为目前肝纤维化防治的热点,不仅能抑制肝纤维化的进一步发展,而且还能逆转已经发生的早期肝纤维化。随着现在中药治疗肝纤维化分子生物学层面研究的日益深入,已经证明了中药在治疗肝纤维化方面具有延缓疾病进展,减少和防止肝硬化、肝癌及其并发症的发生,延迟患者的总生存时间和提高患者的生活质量,并能一定程度逆转轻度肝纤维化的情况。但是现有技术中的治疗肝病的中药组分配方多使用名贵药材,成本较高,因此提供一种相对廉价的治疗肝病的中药组合物对于中药治疗肝病的临床应用具有重要意义。
发明内容
基于上述内容,本发明提供一种治疗肝纤维化的中药组合物及其制备方法和应用。通过使用黄岑和赤芍相配物得到一种治疗肝纤维化的中药组合物,具有显著的治疗肝纤维化的疗效;同时,本发明配方中不含名贵药材和任何化学添加剂,服用安全可靠,无毒副作用。
本发明的技术方案之一,一种治疗肝纤维化的中药组合物,由黄岑和赤芍组成;
进一步地,所述黄岑和赤芍的质量比为1:1-4。
进一步地,所述黄岑和赤芍的质量比为1:4。
本发明的技术方案之二,上述治疗肝纤维化的中药组合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
黄岑和赤芍混合后加水浸泡,然后煎煮过滤得到滤液和滤渣,滤液浓缩得到浸膏;浸膏加工成药物剂型得到所述治疗肝纤维化的中药组合物。
进一步地,所述药物剂型为汤剂、颗粒剂、片剂、胶囊剂、口服液中的任意一种。
进一步地,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)黄岑和赤芍混合后加水浸泡,然后进行第一次煎煮过滤得到滤液a和滤渣a;
(2)滤渣a加水进行第二次煎煮过滤得到滤液b和滤渣b;
(3)滤渣b加水进行第三次煎煮过滤得到滤液c和滤渣c;
(4)合并滤液a、滤液b、滤液c浓缩得到浸膏;
(5)浸膏加工成药物剂型得到所述治疗肝纤维化的中药组合物。
进一步地,所述步骤(1)中:黄岑和赤芍混合后加10倍水浸泡0.5h,第一次煎煮时间为2h;
所述步骤(2)中:滤渣a加10倍水进行第二次煎煮,第二次煎煮时间2h;
所述步骤(3)中:滤渣b加10倍水进行第三次煎煮,第三次煎煮时间2h;
所述步骤(4)中:浸膏密度0.4-0.5g/mL。
本发明的技术方案之三,上述治疗肝纤维化的中药组合物在制备治疗和/预防肝纤维化药物中的应用。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果:
组分中药是以中医药理论为指导,遵循方剂配伍理论与原则,在中药药效组分理论指导下,由固定剂量和比例的中药有效部位、单体化合物组成的新复方制剂。本发明以中药黄岑和赤芍配伍得到一种复方制剂,该复方制剂能抑制肝纤维化结缔组织增生,减少细胞外基质过度沉积,降低肝星状细胞的激活率;在改善肝功能,延缓肝纤维化的进程等方面具有独特疗效;在治疗肝病中具有减轻肝组织病变、降低肝纤维化程度、调节免疫、抑制病毒、抗肝纤维化等作用,能阻断病情进展。
本发明中药物的药理作用:黄芩始载于《神农本草经》,为唇形科植物黄芩(Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi)的干燥根,药用历史悠久,药用资源丰富,黄芩是双子叶植物唇形科黄芩的干燥根,性寒,味苦,具清热燥湿、泻火解毒等功效。黄芩苷为黄芩主要的活性成分之一,具有抑菌、抗炎、降压、抗变态反应等药理作用,临床上可用于肺炎、脑缺血、肝炎、感染和肿瘤等疾病治疗。赤芍(Radix paeoniae rubra),为毛茛科植物芍药(Paeonia lactiflora pall)或川赤芍(Paeonia veitchii lynch)的根,又名毛果赤芍、木芍药或红芍药。赤芍性微寒,味苦,归肝经、脾经,属清热药下属分类的清热凉血药,用于热入营血、温毒发斑、肝郁胁痛及痈肿疮疡等。赤芍含有的多种化学成分,如赤芍总苷等亦表现出对神经系统的保护作用及对内分泌系统的调节作用。此外,还具有抗炎、抑菌、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗抑郁以及调节免疫等功效,对多种疾病的临床治疗产生积极的影响。本发明研究证实,赤芍在与其中药材如黄芩配伍用于肝纤维化的治疗过程中,相对于单独应用而言,联合应用表现出更加显著的效果。
本发明药物组合物,配伍得当,各药味相辅相成,对肝纤维化的疗效明确,毒副作用小,且未使用名贵中药,成本低廉,为临床治疗肝纤维化提供了一种便宜的、新的选择。药理学实验结果表明,本发明中的中药组合物可以干预肝纤维化大鼠模型,显著减低血清学指标ALT、AST、HA、LN、AKP、ALB的浓度,降低肝组织SOD、MDA、Hyp水平含量,肝组织病理影响HE,Masson染色显示可减轻肝纤维化程度。本发明的药物组合具有改善肝纤维化的作用,服用安全可靠,无毒副作用,配伍精当,各药味相辅相成,对肝纤维化的疗效显著,为临床治疗提供了新的选择。针对我国肝病发病率高具有广阔的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为本发明效果验证例1中HE染色病理组织学观察结果图,其中A.空白组,B.模型组,C.阳性药组,D.黄芩-赤芍(1:1)组;E.黄芩-赤芍(1:2)组;F.黄芩-赤芍(1:4)组。
图2为本发明效果验证例1中Masson染色病理组织学观察结果图,其中A.空白组,B.模型组,C.阳性药组,D.黄芩-赤芍(1:1)组;E.黄芩-赤芍(1:2)组;F.黄芩-赤芍(1:4)组。
图3为本发明效果验证例1中供试品和对照品色谱分离图A:黄芩苷和芍药苷混合标准品;B:黄芩-赤芍(1:4)供试品组;C:黄芩-赤芍(1:2)供试品组;D:黄芩-赤芍(1:1)供试品组。
具体实施方式
现详细说明本发明的多种示例性实施方式,该详细说明不应认为是对本发明的限制,而应理解为是对本发明的某些方面、特性和实施方案的更详细的描述。
应理解本发明中所述的术语仅仅是为描述特别的实施方式,并非用于限制本发明。另外,对于本发明中的数值范围,应理解为还具体公开了该范围的上限和下限之间的每个中间值。在任何陈述值或陈述范围内的中间值以及任何其他陈述值或在所述范围内的中间值之间的每个较小的范围也包括在本发明内。这些较小范围的上限和下限可独立地包括或排除在范围内。
除非另有说明,否则本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有本发明所述领域的常规技术人员通常理解的相同含义。虽然本发明仅描述了优选的方法和材料,但是在本发明的实施或测试中也可以使用与本文所述相似或等同的任何方法和材料。本说明书中提到的所有文献通过引用并入,用以公开和描述与所述文献相关的方法和/或材料。在与任何并入的文献冲突时,以本说明书的内容为准。
在不背离本发明的范围或精神的情况下,可对本发明说明书的具体实施方式做多种改进和变化,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。由本发明的说明书得到的其他实施方式对技术人员而言是显而易见得的。本发明说明书和实施例仅是示例性的。
关于本文中所使用的“包含”、“包括”、“具有”、“含有”等等,均为开放性的用语,即意指包含但不限于。
本发明实施例所使用的黄芩、赤芍药材均购自哈尔滨普方药业饮片有限公司,经鉴定符合2020年版《中国药典》药材规定。
实施例1
取黄芩15g、赤芍15g,加入10倍量的蒸馏水,浸泡0.5h,用水煎煮提取3次,每次10倍量水,煎煮提取2小时;过滤,合并三次滤液浓缩至0.44g/ml得浸膏,该浸膏1g相当于生药3.90g,标记为黄芩-赤芍(1:1)样品。
实施例2
取黄芩15g、赤芍30g,加入10倍量的蒸馏水,浸泡0.5h,用水煎煮提取3次,每次10倍量水,煎煮提取2小时;过滤,合并三次滤液浓缩至0.44g/ml得浸膏,该浸膏1g相当于生药2.99g,标记为黄芩-赤芍(1:2)样品。
实施例3
取黄芩15g、赤芍60g,加入10倍量的蒸馏水,浸泡0.5h,用水煎煮提取3次,每次10倍量水,煎煮提取2小时;过滤,合并三次滤液浓缩至0.44g/ml得浸膏,该浸膏1g相当于生药2.98g,标记为黄芩-赤芍(1:4)样品。
效果验证例1:实施例药物组合物对CCl4诱导肝纤维化大鼠的药效学研究
1实验材料
1.1动物:选取SPF级SD雄性大鼠60只,体质量170~200g,由辽宁长生生物技术股份有限公司提供。环境温度18~22℃,相对湿度40%~50%,通风换气8~12次/小时,自由进水、进食。本实验操作均遵循黑龙江中医药大学动物实验伦理委员会批准,批准编号220151108001。
1.2试剂:CCl4(天津市进丰化工有限公司,批号20170706);艾伯瑞特级初榨橄榄油(上海零立贸易有限公司,批号20210121);水飞蓟素胶囊(德国博士大药厂,批号B1903201);无水乙醇(天津市富宇精细化工有限公司,批号20210426);异丙醇(天津市富宇精细化工有限公司,批号20200725);AST,ALT,ALP,ALB,HA,LN,SOD,MDA,HYP测定试剂盒(南京建成生物工程研究所,批号分别为20210706,20210707,20210710,20210712,20210712,20210712,20210621,20210621,20210906);水合氯醛(上海山浦化工有限公司,批号20210601)。RIPA裂解液,反转录试剂盒,实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time PCR)试剂盒(日本TaKaRa公司,批号分别为AJG2606A,AL50948A,AL51019A)。
1.3仪器:电子天平(中国天马股份有限责任公司);离心机(美thermo公司);冻干机(德国marin christ公司);-80℃冰箱(Haier公司);酶标仪(美thermo公司)。
2.实验方法
2.1大鼠肝纤维化模型的构建:60只大鼠适应一周后,随机分为正常对照组,模型组,阳性对照组,黄芩-赤芍(1:1),黄芩-赤芍(1:2),黄芩-赤芍(1:4)6组,每组10只。模型组及各给药组大鼠按3mL·kg-1首次5mL·kg-1腹腔注射40%CCl4橄榄油液,每周注射2次,连续8周,其中黄芩-赤芍(1:1)即饲喂实施例1中药组合物试验组,黄芩-赤芍(1:2)即饲喂实施例2中药组合物试验组,黄芩-赤芍(1:4)即饲喂实施例3中药组合物试验组。
2.2实验给药:造模4周后,黄芩-赤芍(1:1),黄芩-赤芍(1:2),黄芩-赤芍(1:4)三组灌胃给药10mL/kg,模型组及正常组灌胃等量生理盐水,阳性对照组以50mg·kg-1灌胃药性药物水飞蓟素。每日1次,连续4周。
2.3标本采集:大鼠于末次给药后禁食不禁水12h,次日腹腔注射10%水合氯醛(3.5mL·kg-1)麻醉,腹主动脉取血,剥离肝组织,加生理盐水在冰浴上制成10%肝匀浆。
2.4检测指标
2.4.1肝组织病理学检查
进行HE染色病理组织学观察,相关方法为现有技术在此不进行赘述。结果见图1;其中A.空白组,B.模型组,C.阳性药组,D.黄芩-赤芍(1:1)组;E.黄芩-赤芍(1:2)组;F.黄芩-赤芍(1:4)组。
进行Masson染色病理组织学观察,相关方法为现有技术在此不进行赘述。结果见图2;A.空白组,B.模型组,C.阳性药组,D.黄芩-赤芍(1:1)组;E.黄芩-赤芍(1:2)组;F.黄芩-赤芍(1:4)组。
2.4.2血清指标检测:腹主动脉采血后,室温凝集1h,3500r/min,离心15min,分离血清。冻存于-80℃冰箱待测。按试剂盒说明书,用酶联免疫吸附法(Elisa法)ALT、AST、HA和LN、ALB、AKP指标检测,结果见表1。
2.4.3肝指标检测:准确称取肝组织质量,按质量体积比加入9倍量的生理盐水机械匀浆,制成10%的匀浆液,于4℃条件下12000r/min离心10min,取上清移至EP管中。按试剂盒说明书测定SOD活性,MDA,Hyp水平检测。结果见表2。
2.5黄芩苷、芍药苷含量测定方法学实验
依据照高效液相色谱法(中国药典2020年版一部附录VI D)测定;
色谱柱:Kromasil C18(4.6mm×250mm,5μm);流动相0.1%磷酸(A)-乙腈(B),梯度洗脱(0~44min,6%~30%B;44~50min,30%~54%B;50~70min,54%~74%B;70~80min,6%B);体积流量1.0mL/min;柱温30℃;检测波长230nm;进样量10μL。
对照品溶液的制备:精密称定芍药苷标准品1mg,加甲醇制成1ml含1mg的芍药苷对照品溶液;精密称定黄芩苷标准品60ug,加甲醇制成1ml含60ug的黄芩苷对照品溶液。将之前配制的黄芩苷对照品溶液和芍药苷对照品溶液进行1:1混合,制得混合标准品。
供试品溶液的制备:精密称定实施例1-3三组样品各0.5g,分别加入甲醇25ml,称定重量,超声处理20分钟后,静置取上清液,0.45um微孔滤膜过滤,即得。
供试品和对照品色谱分离图见图3,其中A:黄芩苷和芍药苷混合标准品;B:黄芩-赤芍(1:4)供试品组;C:黄芩-赤芍(1:2)供试品组;D:黄芩-赤芍(1:1),图中编号1表述芍药苷,2表示黄岑苷;供试品组检测结果见表3。
3.统计学方法
采用SPSS 20.0软件进行分析。实验数据以均值±标准差(x±s)表示,组间数据比较采用One-way ANOVA分析,P<0.05表示差异有统计学意义,P<0.01表示差异具有显著性统计学意义。
4.实验结果分析
4.1肝纤维化大鼠肝组织病理影响
4.1.1 HE染色
图1显示,正常对照组大鼠肝组织结构清晰,肝细胞排列整齐,核仁清晰,未见纤维组织增生。模型组大鼠肝组织被膜增生,多量肝细胞坏死,胞核固缩或碎裂,胞质呈空泡状,中央静脉周围纤维结缔组织增生,不同静脉间形成纤维桥接,少见假小叶形成,伴少量的炎性细胞浸润,多量肝细胞颗粒变性,胞质疏松,少量棕黄色色素沉积。使用实验药物水飞蓟素的阳性对照组虽然肝显微组织增生有明显的改善,但是肝组织中央静脉周围少量纤维结缔组织增生,伴少量的炎性细胞浸润,少量肝细胞脂肪变性,胞质内可见微小的圆形空泡,少量棕黄色色素沉积。黄芩-赤芍(1:1)组大鼠肝组织中央静脉周围少量纤维结缔组织增生,伴少量的炎性细胞浸润,多量肝细胞脂肪变性,胞质内可见微小的圆形空泡,少量棕黄色色素沉积。黄芩-赤芍(1:2)组大鼠肝组织汇管区周围少量炎性细胞浸润,少量肝细胞脂肪变性,胞质内可见微小的圆形空泡。黄芩-赤芍(1:4)组大鼠肝组织少量肝细胞颗粒变性,胞质疏松淡染。黄芩-赤芍(1:2组)、黄芩-赤芍(1:4组)大鼠肝小叶结构均有不同的改善,纤维组织增生减少,尤以高剂量组效果佳,阳性药物水飞蓟素组虽得到改善,但效果低于黄芩-赤芍水煎液组。提示黄芩-赤芍对肝脏具有一定保护作用,可减少中央静脉周围纤维结缔组织增生及胶原的增生,同时降低肝细胞颗粒变性,减轻肝损伤。
4.1.2 Masson染色
图2显示,模型组胶原染色面积百分比高于正常对照组,黄芩-赤芍(1:1)组、黄芩-赤芍(1:2)组及阳性对照组低于模型组,其中,以黄芩-赤芍(1:4)组胶原染色面积百分比最接近正常对照组水平。
4.2各实验分组大鼠血清学指标水平比较
实验结果如表1所示;
表1
表1中,##表示p<0.01,*表示p<0.05,**表示p<0.01
表1显示,与正常组大鼠比较,模型组大鼠血清ALT和AST、HA、LN、AKP活性显著升高(P<0.01),ALB水平显著下降(P<0.01);提示肝纤维化模型制备成功。与模型组比较,阳性对照组也显示了具有显著降低模型组血清中ALT、AST、HA、LN、AKP的含量(P﹤0.01),升高ALB含量的作用(P﹤0.01);黄芩-赤芍水煎液组均能明显降低肝纤维化大鼠血清ALT、AST、HA、LN、AKP含量(P<0.05或P<0.01),ALB水平显著上升(P<0.01)且效果相近。且随着剂量增加,各给药组的治疗效果均有所提升,其中,以黄芩-赤芍(1:4)组大鼠血清ALT、AST、HA、LN、AKP含量显著降低(P<0.01),提升ALB水平,效果最好,最接近正常组水平,改善肝纤维化,从而达到肝纤维化疾病的防治作用。
4.3肝组织匀浆SOD、MAD和Hyp的检测
实验结果如表2显示;
表2
表2中,##表示p<0.01,*表示p<0.05,**表示p<0.01。
表2结果显示,与正常对照组比较,模型对照组大鼠肝组织Hyp、MDA含量显著升高,而SOD活性显著降低(P<0.01)。与模型对照组比较,黄芩-赤芍水煎液组和阳性对照组SOD活力外,其余给药组大鼠肝组织中Hyp、MDA含量明显降低,SOD活性明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),此外,与黄芩-赤芍(1:1)组、黄芩-赤芍(1:2)组比较,黄芩-赤芍(1:4)组Hyp、MDA含量显著增加,SOD活力显著降低(P<0.01),这提示,黄芩-赤芍(1:4)组抗肝纤维化的机制可能为回调SOD、MDA、Hyp水平从而达到抗氧化能力,减缓大鼠肝纤维化程度。
4.4线性关系考察
精密称取在60℃减压干燥4小时的黄芩苷对照品,加甲醇制成每1ml含1.2mg的溶液,再用甲醇分别稀释成0.075mg/ml、0.15mg/ml、0.30mg/ml、0.60mg/ml的溶液分别取注入高效液相色谱仪中,按上述色谱条件进行测定,以浓度为横坐标,峰面积的积分值为纵坐标,绘制标准曲线,y=668852+486718x,r2=0.9999,表明黄芩苷浓度在一范围内具有良好的线性关系。
精密称取在60℃减压干燥4小时的芍药苷对照品,加甲醇制成每1ml含1mg的溶液,再用甲醇分别稀释成0.03125mg/ml、0.0625mg/ml、0.125mg/ml、0.25mg/ml的溶液分别取注入高效液相色谱仪中,按上述色谱条件进行测定,以浓度为横坐标,峰面积的积分值为纵坐标,绘制标准曲线,y=581400+1088345x,r2=0.9999,表明芍药苷浓度在一范围内具有良好的线性关系。
根据2020版《中国药典》规定,黄芩中所含黄芩苷不得少于9.0%;赤芍中所含芍药苷不得少于1.8%。
分别对实施例1-3三组样品按本发明黄芩苷含量测定方法进行测定,结果见表3。
表3
注:表中黄芩苷、芍药苷含量均为1g样品中所含的相应成分含量
表3显示,以1:4组黄芩苷、芍药苷含量最高,说明,黄芩与赤芍在1:4配伍时达到最佳配伍剂量,最利于有效成分的溶出。
5结论
黄芩-赤芍各比例给药组均可改善CCl4引起的肝组织病理学损伤、回调模型大鼠ALT、AST、HA、LN、AKP、ALB、SOD、MDA、Hyp水平。其中,以黄芩-赤芍(1:4)组疗效最佳。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (3)
1.一种治疗肝纤维化的中药组合物,其特征在于,由黄芩和赤芍制成,二者的质量比为1:4;
其具体制备步骤为:
(1)黄芩和赤芍混合后加水浸泡,然后进行第一次煎煮过滤得到滤液a和滤渣a;
(2)滤渣a加水进行第二次煎煮过滤得到滤液b和滤渣b;
(3)滤渣b加水进行第三次煎煮过滤得到滤液c和滤渣c;
(4)合并滤液a、滤液b、滤液c浓缩得到浸膏;
(5)浸膏加工成药物剂型得到所述治疗肝纤维化的中药组合物;
所述步骤(1)中:黄芩和赤芍混合后加10倍水浸泡0.5h,第一次煎煮时间为2h;
所述步骤(2)中:滤渣a加10倍水进行第二次煎煮,第二次煎煮时间2h;
所述步骤(3)中:滤渣b加10倍水进行第三次煎煮,第三次煎煮时间2h。
2.根据权利要求1所述的治疗肝纤维化的中药组合物,其特征在于,制备步骤中所述药物剂型为汤剂、颗粒剂、片剂、胶囊剂、口服液中的任意一种。
3.一种根据权利要求1所述的治疗肝纤维化的中药组合物在制备治疗和/预防肝纤维化药物中的应用。
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