CN114159474B - 六神丸在制备治疗真菌性肺炎的药物中的应用 - Google Patents
六神丸在制备治疗真菌性肺炎的药物中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114159474B CN114159474B CN202111528380.2A CN202111528380A CN114159474B CN 114159474 B CN114159474 B CN 114159474B CN 202111528380 A CN202111528380 A CN 202111528380A CN 114159474 B CN114159474 B CN 114159474B
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Abstract
本发明提供了六神丸在制备治疗真菌性肺炎的药物中的应用,所述的真菌性肺炎包括隐球菌肺炎,并提供了六神丸与两性霉素B联合用药的方法。本发明开发了现有药物六神丸的新应用途径,同时为真菌性肺炎特别是隐球菌肺炎提供了新疗法,有很好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药领域,具体涉及六神丸在制备抗肺部真菌药物中的应用。
背景技术
近年来,随着真菌发病率的增加,全世界约有3亿多人受到严重真菌病的影响,其中隐球菌的发病率位于第三。
隐球菌可引起肺部或播散性感染性疾病,主要引起肺炎和脑膜炎,也引起皮肤、骨骼或内脏器官感染。临床上结合临床表现以及显微镜检查结果进行诊断,再通过真菌培养或组织染色加以确认。
目前临床上治疗隐球菌的药物多为普通治疗真菌的药物,而治疗真菌病药物种类十分有限,包括唑类、多烯类、氟胞嘧啶及棘白菌素类,并且价格昂贵。此外,现有抗真菌药物的严重药物副作用及日益增加的耐药性也是国内外待解决的问题。因此,研发一种高效、低毒的新型抗真菌药物,对提高患者的生存和生活质量有重要意义。
六神丸被称为呼吸系统疾病的百年良药,具有清热解毒、消炎、镇痛、祛肿等功效。主要用于由细菌和/或病毒感染而引起的呼吸道、咽喉及皮肤等疾病的治疗。现代药理研究表明六神丸具有明确抵抗细菌作用。中国专利 201910206525.3中就公开了六神丸在制备用于防治流感性炎症疾病的药物中的应用,首次发现六神丸对流感病毒有抗病毒作用,并能调节免疫功能发挥抗炎作用,可阻断流感病毒感染宿主细胞,抑制流感病毒诱导的宿主过度炎症反应的多靶点干预作用,可用作防治流感病毒感染炎症方面的疾病治疗。
此外,中国专利201410270526.1还公开了六神丸在制备防治真菌性皮肤病药物中的应用。通过大量实验进行六神丸抗真菌的药效学研究,结果表明六神丸对常见皮肤致病真菌都有抑制作用,且止痒效果明显。该发明还进行了六神丸治疗足癣、体癣、股癣的临床研究,结果表明六神丸对足癣、体癣、股癣等真菌性皮肤病具有良好的治疗效果。该发明提供的六神丸作为治疗真菌性皮肤病的应用,扩展了中成药的用途,具有疗效好、不产生耐药性,且不易复发等优点,有较好的临床应用前景。
但是对于六神丸抗真菌尤其是抗肺部隐球菌的的相关应用尚未公开。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题,本发明提供了六神丸与两性霉素B在治疗抗肺部隐球菌的药物中的联合应用,为肺部真菌疾病尤其是隐球菌肺炎的治疗提供了新的可行办法。
一方面,本发明提供了六神丸在制备治疗真菌性肺炎的药物中的应用。
所述的真菌性肺炎为皮炎芽生菌、荚膜组织胞浆菌、粗球孢子菌、申克孢子丝菌、隐球菌、曲菌、毛霉菌中的一种或多种引起的肺炎。
优选地,所述的真菌性肺炎为隐球菌肺炎。
所述的六神丸与两性霉素B共同应用。
所述的药物中包括六神丸的量为8-256μg/mL,包括两性霉素B的量为 0-1μg/mL。
优选地,所述的药物中包括六神丸的量为64-128μg/mL。
所述的六神丸在应用时可以时浸渍液或者提取物或者其他通过六神丸制备的添加物的形式。
所述的药物中还包括其他药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂,所述的药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂包括但不限于缓控释制剂、速释制剂和定位释放制剂;粘合剂,如糖浆、淀粉浆、阿拉伯胶、明胶、黄芪胶或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;填充剂,如淀粉、乳糖、微晶纤维素、糖、磷酸钙或山梨醇;崩解剂,如羧甲基淀粉钠、交联纤维素钠;压片用滑料,如硬脂酸镁或滑石粉;表面活性剂,如十二烷基硫酸钠;助悬剂,例如纤维素类辅料、胶类辅料、硬脂酸铝凝胶或氢化食用脂;乳化剂,如卵磷脂、脱水山梨醇-油酸酯或阿拉伯胶;防腐剂,如对羟基苯甲酸甲酯或山梨酸;调味剂、着色剂和助溶剂。
优选地,所述的药物未内服药物。
所述的药物的剂型包括但不限于片剂、膏剂、胶囊剂、糖浆剂、口服液、颗粒剂。
另一方面,本发明提供了一种治疗真菌性肺炎的药物。
所述的药物中可以仅包括六神丸。
所述的药物中可以包括六神丸和两性霉素B。
所述的药物中可以包括六神丸提取物或浸渍物或其他通过六神丸制备的添加物。
所述的真菌性肺炎为皮炎芽生菌、荚膜组织胞浆菌、粗球孢子菌、申克孢子丝菌、隐球菌、曲菌、毛霉菌中的一种或多种引起的肺炎。
优选地,所述的真菌性肺炎为隐球菌肺炎。
所述的药物中包括六神丸的量为8-256μg/mL,包括两性霉素B的量为 0-1μg/mL。
优选地,所述的药物中包括六神丸的量为64-128μg/mL。
所述的药物中还包括其他药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂,所述的药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂包括但不限于缓控释制剂、速释制剂和定位释放制剂;粘合剂,如糖浆、淀粉浆、阿拉伯胶、明胶、黄芪胶或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;填充剂,如淀粉、乳糖、微晶纤维素、糖、磷酸钙或山梨醇;崩解剂,如羧甲基淀粉钠、交联纤维素钠;压片用滑料,如硬脂酸镁或滑石粉;表面活性剂,如十二烷基硫酸钠;助悬剂,例如纤维素类辅料、胶类辅料、硬脂酸铝凝胶或氢化食用脂;乳化剂,如卵磷脂、脱水山梨醇-油酸酯或阿拉伯胶;防腐剂,如对羟基苯甲酸甲酯或山梨酸;调味剂、着色剂和助溶剂。
优选地,所述的药物未内服药物。
所述的药物的剂型包括但不限于片剂、膏剂、胶囊剂、糖浆剂、口服液、颗粒剂。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)本发明发现了现有药物六神丸的新用途,将其应用于真菌性肺炎,开发了药物的新应用途径,同时为真菌性肺炎提供了新疗法;
(2)本发明发现六神丸和两性霉素B联合用药应用于真菌性肺炎尤其是隐球菌肺炎中时,具有协同增效的作用。
附图说明
图1为六神丸对隐球菌的时间-杀菌曲线。
图2为实施例4中连续给药7天后各组小鼠体重变化率。
图3为实施例4中连续给药7天后各组小鼠肺指数。
图4为实施例4中肺组织平板培养结果。
图5为实施例4中肺组织隐球菌载量。
图6为实施例4中肺组织HE染色结果。
图7为实施例4中肺组织GMS染色结果。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,对本发明作进一步详细的阐述,下述实施例不用于限制本发明,仅用于说明本发明。以下实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明,实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,通常按照常规条件,下述实施例中所使用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
本发明实施例中的六神丸为雷允上药业集团有限公司产品,国药准字Z32020481;两性霉素B购自大连美仑生物技术有限公司,货号为MB1013-5G;氟康唑购自大连美仑生物技术有限公司,货号为MB1288-1。
实施例1六神丸对隐球菌的最低抑菌浓度MIC检测
两性霉素B、氟康唑配制成1.6mg/mL的储存液,六神丸配置5mg/mL储存液,置于-80℃冰箱中保存。
效果验证用所有新型隐球菌临床株及标准株由广东省6家三甲医院(中山大学附属第一医院、广州医科大学附属第一医院、佛山市第一人民医院、广州第八人民医院、南部战区总医院、揭阳市人民医院)及上海长征医院真菌研究所实验室提供。
实验方法:取冻存管中的菌液于SDA(沙氏葡萄糖琼脂)平板中活化2次,在生理盐水中混匀后调至0.5麦氏浓度,用RPMI-1640培养稀释1000倍,使其浓度介于1×103-5×103CFU/mL之间。参考美国临床实验室标准化委员会 (Clinical and LaboratorySstandards Institute,CLSI)的CLSI-M27方案,以近平滑念珠菌ATCC22019和克柔念珠菌ATCC6258为质控株,采用微量肉汤稀释法进行体外抗真菌药敏实验。
最低抑菌浓度MIC判读方法:
六神丸:与阳性对照孔相比,100%生长抑制;
两性霉素B:与阳性对照孔相比,100%生长抑制,即肉眼澄清;
氟康唑:与阳性对照孔相比,浊度显著降低(约50%减少);
每次实验重复3次。
实验结果如下:
六神丸对46株新型隐球菌临床分离株的MIC为8-256μg/mL,MIC50及 MIC90分别为64和128μg/mL。和临床常用抗真菌药相比,两性霉素B和氟康唑对隐球菌的MIC90分别为0.5和4μg/mL,且两性霉素B与氟康唑对标准株(近平滑念珠菌ATCC22019和克柔念珠菌ATCC6258)的MIC均在质控范围内。另外,在46株临床分离株中发现2株隐球菌对两性霉素B耐药,而六神丸对2株耐药菌(YQJ18和YQJ20)的MIC均为128μg/mL。由此可见六神丸对耐药隐球菌的体外杀伤活性也较好,结果见表1。
表1.体外MIC结果
表中,a表示两性霉素B对酵母菌的MIC值,b表示氟康唑对酵母菌的MIC 值。ECV表示流行病学界值,菌株MIC值≤ECV,说明无获得性和(或)突变耐药;若MIC值>ECV,则菌株有获得性和(或)突变耐药。
实施例2六神丸与两性霉素B的联合药敏实验
具体实验方法同实施例1,参考CLSI文件。采用部分抑制浓度指数(FICI) 评价六神丸联合两性霉素B对隐球菌的相互作用效果。FIC指数=(A药联合用药时的MIC/A药单侧时的MIC)+(B药联合用药时的MIC/B药单侧时的MIC)。每次实验重复3次。
评价标准:FIC越小表明两药联合相互作用越好,对实验菌的抑制作用越好。当FIC<0.5时,两药的相互作用为协同作用;0.5-1.0为相加作用;1.0-2.0为无关作用;>2.0为拮抗作用。其中,协同作用:两种药物联合作用显著大于其单药作用的总和;相加作用:两种药物联合作用时的活性等于两药单用抗菌活性之和;无关作用:两种药物联合作用的活性等于其单药活性;拮抗作用:两种药物联合作用显著低于单药抗菌活性。
联合药敏结果:
采用近平滑念珠菌ATCC 22019作为每次联合药敏实验的质控株。六神丸联合两性霉素B对隐球菌为相加或协同作用。YQJ 22、YQJ 33来源于临床分离株,新生隐球菌H99由上海长征医院真菌研究所实验室提供。实验结果见表2、表3。
表2六神丸与两性霉素B联合药效
实施例3六神丸对隐球菌的时间-杀菌曲线测定
实验方法如下:
根据六神丸对新生隐球菌H99(上海长征医院真菌研究所实验室提供)的 MIC结果,将六神丸配置成10mL 0.5MIC、1MIC、2MIC、4MIC、6MIC、8MIC 浓度药液,加入10μL的0.5麦氏浓度菌悬液,混匀后置于35℃培养。分别于0h、 2h、4h、6h、8h、10h、12h取出部分菌液洗涤后均匀涂布在SDA平板上,35℃培养48-72h后计算每个时间点的菌落数。
实验结果如下:
0-12h的时间-杀菌曲线证明六神丸在0.5MIC、1MIC及2MIC时对新型隐球菌H99标准株为抑菌作用,4MIC及8MIC对新型隐球菌H99标准株为杀菌作用。见图1。
实施例4六神丸对肺隐球菌病小鼠的体内药效实验
(1)建立隐球菌感染小鼠模型:提前购置60只SPF级雌性C57BL/6小鼠 (购自辽宁长生生物技术股份有限公司,许可证号:SCXK(辽):2020-0001), 6-8周龄,体重18-20g。将复苏的H99新生隐球菌菌株(上海长征医院真菌研究所实验室提供)接种于SDA固体培养基,使菌株处于高活力状态。挑取单个菌落于37℃、转速200rpm摇床中孵育12-16小时。将菌液浓度调整5×106CFU/mL。
(2)动物分组:
按以下分组随机分,每组10只,并采用对应的处理条件:
空白对照组:0.2mL PBS灌胃;
真菌感染组:5×106CFU/mL的H99新生隐球菌菌液,50μL滴鼻感染;
真菌感染+六神丸低剂量组:5×106CFU/mL的H99新生隐球菌菌液,50μL 滴鼻感染;六神丸给药量40mg/kg体重,灌胃量0.2mL;
真菌感染+六神丸中剂量组:5×106CFU/mL的H99新生隐球菌菌液,50μL 滴鼻感染;六神丸给药量60mg/kg体重,灌胃量0.2mL;
真菌感染+六神丸高剂量组:5×106CFU/mL的H99新生隐球菌菌液,50μL 滴鼻感染;六神丸给药量80mg/kg体重,灌胃量0.2mL;
阳性药物对照组:0.2mL 20mg/kg的氟康唑灌胃;
以上分组连续给药7天后取材观察小鼠状态、体重变化,并计算肺指数,肺组织平板培养评估肺真菌载量及肺病理染色。
肺指数计算方法:取出小鼠肺组织,PBS清洗肺后吸水纸吸干,分析天平称全肺重,计算肺指数=(肺重/小鼠体重)×100%。
肺组织平板培养评估肺真菌载量方法:取出小鼠双肺后利用低温超声匀浆肺组织,充分震荡、混匀后用取0.1mL肺匀浆加入含0.9mL PBS的EP管中进行 10倍稀释,将其充分震荡后依次进行102、103倍稀释,做好标记。取出20μL稀释液均匀涂布在SDA平板上,重复3板,35℃恒温培养箱培养两天取出平板进行克隆计数,乘以稀释倍数即为真菌载量计数。
肺组织病理染色方法:取出肺组织用4%甲醛溶液固定24h以上,置于脱水盒内进行脱水、透明、透蜡、包埋、切片、脱蜡复水、HE染色、GMS染色、脱水封片等处理后在显微镜下观察并拍照。
小鼠麻醉采用异氟烷对小鼠进行麻醉。
滴鼻感染操作:用移液器吸取50uL的H99新生隐球菌菌液,从单侧鼻孔让麻醉小鼠吸入,注意在小鼠吸气时缓缓吸入菌液,呼气时暂停吸入观察小鼠状态。
实验结果:
小鼠一般情况:除空白对照组外,其余各组小鼠活动较前缓慢,其中未加药物模型组小鼠状态较差,出现明显深大呼吸及精神萎靡现象。
小鼠体重变化及生存率:给药7天后取材发现空白对照组及氟康唑治疗组小鼠体重较前增加,未加药物的模型组及六神丸干预组小鼠体重均较前下降,各组小鼠在观察阶段均未死亡,见图2。
肺指数结果:未加药物的模型组小鼠肺指数明显增加,药物治疗各组肺指数均有所下降,其中氟康唑治疗组下降最明显。见图3。
肺组织平板培养结果:未加药物干预组(PBS)可见明显的菌落聚集,氟康唑与高剂量六神丸组均能较好抑制隐球菌生长,六神丸中剂量及低剂量也可抑制,但效果不如高剂量组。见图4。
肺组织隐球菌载量:药物治疗组肺真菌载量较未加药物干预组均有所下降,其中氟康唑组可明显降低肺真菌载量,六神丸治疗组下降无明显差异,但随着六神丸剂量增加,肺真菌载量随之下降。见图5。
小鼠肺组织染色及病理变化:未加药物模型组HE染色出现明显的炎性细胞浸润及肺泡腔破坏,且GMS染色可见大范围的隐球菌浸润。其他药物治疗组肺部仍有炎症改变及隐球菌浸润,其中氟康唑组和六神丸高剂量组炎症改善最明显,隐球菌浸润明显减少。见图6-7。
由以上结果可知:六神丸具有较好的体内外抗隐球菌活性,其抗隐球菌活性随着剂量的增加而增加。
Claims (7)
1.六神丸在制备治疗真菌性肺炎的药物中的应用,其特征在于,所述的真菌性肺炎为隐球菌肺炎。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的药物中还包括两性霉素B。
3.一种治疗隐球菌肺炎的药物,其特征在于,所述的药物中包括六神丸和两性霉素B,或者所述的药物中包括六神丸浸渍液和两性霉素B,或者,所述的药物中包括六神丸提取物和两性霉素B。
4.根据权利要求3所述的药物,其特征在于,所述的药物中包括六神丸的量为8-256μg/mL,包括两性霉素B的量为不高于1μg/mL。
5.根据权利要求4所述的药物,其特征在于,所述的药物中包括六神丸的量为64-128μg/mL。
6.根据权利要求5所述的药物,其特征在于,所述的药物中还包括其他药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂。
7.根据权利要求5所述的药物,其特征在于,所述的药物的剂型为片剂、膏剂、胶囊剂、糖浆剂、口服液或颗粒剂。
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