CN114148075B - 一种层状多孔金属复合材料板及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种层状多孔金属复合材料板及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种层状多孔金属复合材料板及其制备方法,属于材料及其制备技术领域。将两种材质金属箔交替叠层热压复合的工艺,通过低温热处理在金属层中间生成一层较薄脆性反应层,最后通过室温多道次轧制使得材料的脆性层断裂且金属层发生一定延展,由此在层状金属复合材料板中形成多孔结构。这为制备金属基层状多孔复合材料提出了一条新思路。方法如下:(1)两种材质金属箔表面处理;(2)叠层放置;(3)低温热处理;(4)室温轧制处理。本方法所制备的复合材料不仅具有轻质化,高强度,低能耗和高韧性等优点,而且具有优异的低温隔热性能。本发明对比现有的技术,孔洞更易形成且孔洞的大小更易于控制。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种复合材料的制备方法,特别涉及一种金属基层状多孔复合材料及其制备方法,属于材料及其制备技术领域。
背景技术
随着现代工业技术的飞速发展,人们对材料轻质、高强和高韧的综合性能的要求也日益提高。然而传统的细晶强化、固溶强化、加工硬化和弥散强化等手段在改善材料强度的同时,会降低材料的塑性,无法兼具高强度和高塑性。由此,复合材料体系被推广出来。层状构型设计能够综合各组元层的性能,使得材料的塑性以及强度良好匹配。同时,多孔结构材料具有轻质、高抗氧化性以及高隔热性能等优点,并且能够成为过滤以及固液分离的候选者。所以,研究层状多孔复合材料板材是很值得的。
目前层状多孔材料的许多研究,大多基于柯肯达尔效应,即令两种扩散速率不同的金属在相互扩散过程中会在扩散速率高的金属内形成空位缺陷,这些空位缺陷会逐渐团聚形成孔洞。多孔的Ti-Al金属间化合物的孔洞形成机理是通过钛和铝之间的扩散反应控制的。该类工艺烧结温度很高,工艺复杂,并且孔洞难以形成,其烧结时间超过30h。目前,传统工艺的局限性就在于烧结过程能耗高以及烧结时间长。所以本发明另辟蹊径,摆脱了柯肯达尔效应,采取了不同的孔洞生成方式。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于摆脱传统层状多孔材料的制作思路而提供一种低能耗,生产周期短,孔洞可调控的层状多孔钛铝复合材料板的制作方法。
本发明通过箔箔冶金法制得钛铝层状复合材料,具体是将不同的两种金属箔材交替叠层摆放,然后在真空热压烧结炉里进行热反应处理,以在两种箔材接触的界面处生成金属间化合物。以纯钛和纯铝为例,通过纯钛和纯铝低温热处理产生脆性TiAl3层,通过室温多道次轧制获得孔洞。纯钛和纯铝两种纯金属箔材与其低温生成的TiAl3的塑性不同,纯钛和纯铝都属于塑性较好的韧性相,而TiAl3属于脆性相。在进行拉伸试验时,TiAl3会迅速发生断裂,而与之相邻的纯钛和纯铝层则会继续变形,最终该Ti/TiAl3/Al三相材料会表现出优异的延伸率以及较高的抗拉强度。在变形的初步阶段,可以发现断裂的TiAl3间的间隙随着变形的而长大,形成孔洞;本发明进而提出了对经低温热处理后的层状复合材料板进行室温多道轧制来创造多孔结构。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明中的一种层状多孔金属复合材料板,其特征在于所述复合材料板是由两种纯金属箔和脆性层构成,两种纯金属箔间交替层叠,脆性层位于两种纯金属箔之间,脆性层有孔洞;其中,两种纯金属箔是纯铜箔和纯金箔,或者是纯铜箔和纯铬箔,或者是纯镍箔和纯铝箔,或者是纯铁箔和纯铝箔,或者是纯钛箔和纯铝箔。
本发明中一种层状多孔钛铝复合材料板是由纯钛箔、纯铝箔和脆性TiAl3层构成,纯钛箔和纯铝箔间交替层叠,脆性TiAl3层位于脆性TiAl3层,脆性TiAl3层有孔洞。
进一步限定,本发明的层状多孔钛铝复合材料板总层数为2n+1层,最外层为纯钛箔。
本发明的一种层状多孔钛铝复合材料板的制备方法是通过下述步骤完成的:
步骤1、将纯钛箔和纯铝箔切成相同的尺寸,然后对纯钛箔酸洗处理,对纯铝箔碱洗处理;
步骤2、将步骤1处理后的金属箔交替层叠堆砌,然后用细钢丝进行固定;
步骤3、然后低温热处理;
步骤4、然后室温多道次轧制,即完成。
进一步限定,步骤1所述的纯钛箔和纯铝箔的厚度在10μm~100μm之间。
进一步限定,步骤1中纯钛箔酸洗处理是通过下述步骤进行的:用5vol.%~15vol.%的HF溶液对纯钛箔进行酸洗,然后用清水快速冲洗2~5分钟,再置于无水乙醇中超声清洗2~5分钟,吹干。
进一步限定,步骤1中纯铝箔碱洗处理是通过下述步骤进行的:用5wt.%~15wt.%的NaOH溶液对纯铝箔进行碱洗,然后用清水快速冲洗2~5分钟,再置于无水乙醇中超声清洗2~5分钟后,吹干。
进一步限定,步骤2中细钢丝的直径为0.3mm~0.6mm。
进一步限定,步骤3中低温热处理是通过下述步骤完成的:将固定好的叠层放置在表面均匀喷涂氮化硼的石墨模具中,再将模具放置于真空热压烧结炉中,抽真空至真空度低于10-2Pa,待真空度稳定以后以5~10℃/min的升温速率升温到610~650℃后,开始加压到20~40MPa,保温保压4~10小时后,随炉冷却的方式冷却至室温。
进一步限定,步骤4多道次轧制是在室温下,进行多道次轧制,每道次轧制变形下压量为1%~10%以内,通过1~5道次轧制工序使得材料板的整体下压量控制在10%~20%。本发明通过调节低温热处理以及室温多道次轧制的工艺参数,来改变孔洞尺寸及孔洞数量,由此来改变孔洞所占空间比。
进一步限定,经过步骤3的低温热处理在纯钛和纯铝中间形成厚度为1μm~10μm的脆性TiAl3层。
本发明方法获得复合材料板TiAl3层中孔洞尺寸相近,其平均直径在1~10μm之间,且在TiAl3层中分布均匀。
本发明层状多孔钛铝复合材料板独特的层状多孔结构可以弥补单层结构的性能不足,能够很好的协调强度与韧性,是一种很好的强韧性材料。
本发明产品具有层状多孔材料的轻质、高抗氧化性以及高隔热性能等优点,并且相较于传统工艺能耗大大降低,同时也能够大大缩短生产的周期。
本发明设计的一种层状多孔钛铝复合材料板的制备方法相较于传统工艺更易形成分布均匀的孔洞,且孔洞的大小和数目能够进行调控。
本发明将两种材质金属箔交替叠层热压复合的工艺,通过低温热处理在金属层中间生成一层较薄脆性反应层,最后通过室温多道次轧制使得材料的脆性层断裂且金属层发生一定延展,由此在层状金属复合材料板中形成多孔结构。这为制备金属基层状多孔复合材料提出了一条新思路。
本发明的复合材料不仅具有轻质化,高强度,低能耗和高韧性等优点,而且具有优异的低温隔热性能。
本发明对比现有的技术,孔洞更易形成且孔洞的大小更易于控制。
附图说明
图1是本发明中金叠箔层放置的示意图,1——“#”字型固定的细钢丝,2——纯钛箔,3——纯铝箔;
图2是本发明低温真空热压烧结的示意图,1——“#”字型固定的细钢丝,2——纯钛箔,3——纯铝箔,4——上垫块,5——加热装置,6——下垫块;
图3是本发明中室温轧制处理的示意图,7——上轧辊,8——低温热处理后的材料板,9——下轧辊;
图4是本发明中层状多孔钛铝复合材料板的截面示意图,10——纯铝层,11——TiAl3层,12——孔洞,13——纯钛层;
图5是实施例1方法获得的层状多孔钛铝复合材料板的截面微观形貌图。
具体实施方式
实施例1:本实施例中层状多孔钛铝复合材料板的制备方法是通过下述步骤完成的:
一、制备选用厚度为30μm的纯钛箔和纯铝箔;首先将纯钛箔和纯铝箔切成相同的尺寸,然后然后对纯钛箔酸洗处理,对纯铝箔碱洗处理,通过10vol.%HF溶液对纯钛箔进行酸洗,通过10wt.%NaOH溶液对纯铝箔进行碱洗,以此来去除材料表面的氧化膜以及残留的油污,后用清水快速冲洗3分钟;最后将清洗完的钛箔和铝箔置于无水乙醇中超声清洗3分钟后,用吹风机吹干以备后用。
纯钛箔酸洗处理是通过下述步骤进行的:用10vol.%的HF溶液对纯钛箔进行酸洗,然后用清水快速冲洗3分钟,再置于无水乙醇中超声清洗3分钟,用吹风机吹干以备后用。
纯铝箔碱洗处理是通过下述步骤进行的:用10wt.%的NaOH溶液对纯铝箔进行碱洗,然后用清水快速冲洗3分钟,再置于无水乙醇中超声清洗3分钟后,用吹风机吹干以备后用。
二、将步骤一中经过表面处理的纯钛箔和纯铝箔进行交替叠层堆砌,堆砌顺序:纯钛箔-纯铝箔-纯钛箔-纯铝箔-……-纯钛箔,其总层数为7层,纯钛箔为4层,纯铝箔为3层;堆叠好的纯钛箔和纯铝箔需要用直径为0.1mm的细钢丝进行固定,细钢丝在箔材的四个边按照“#”字形进行固定,钢丝固定位置尽可能靠近箔材四个边的边缘位置,如图1所述。
三、将步骤二中叠层放置好的箔材放置在表面均匀喷涂氮化硼的石墨模具中,再将模具放置于真空热压烧结炉中,使得真空热压烧结炉的真空度低于10-2Pa,待真空度稳定以后以6℃/min的升温速率将炉子升温到640℃后,开始加压到30MPa,并保温保压7小时,保温结束后,采取随炉冷却的方式冷却至室温,低温热处理后获得结构为Ti/TiAl3/Al的层状结构材料。
四、将步骤三制备出的初材料在室温下,进行多道次轧制,每道次轧制变形下压量为5%,通过3道次轧制工序使得材料板的整体下压量控制在15%,最终获得层状多孔钛铝复合材料板。
由图5可知,孔洞尺寸相近,其平均直径在1~10μm之间,且在TiAl3层中分布均匀。
实施例2:本实施例中层状多孔钛铝复合材料板的制备方法是通过下述步骤完成的:
二、制备选用厚度为30μm的纯钛箔和纯铝箔;首先将纯钛箔和纯铝箔切成相同的尺寸,然后然后对纯钛箔酸洗处理,对纯铝箔碱洗处理,通过6vol.%HF溶液对纯钛箔进行酸洗,通过6wt.%NaOH溶液对纯铝箔进行碱洗,以此来去除材料表面的氧化膜以及残留的油污,后用清水快速冲洗3分钟;最后将清洗完的钛箔和铝箔置于无水乙醇中超声清洗3分钟后,用吹风机吹干以备后用。
纯钛箔酸洗处理是通过下述步骤进行的:用10vol.%的HF溶液对纯钛箔进行酸洗,然后用清水快速冲洗3分钟,再置于无水乙醇中超声清洗3分钟,用吹风机吹干以备后用。
纯铝箔碱洗处理是通过下述步骤进行的:用10wt.%的NaOH溶液对纯铝箔进行碱洗,然后用清水快速冲洗3分钟,再置于无水乙醇中超声清洗3分钟后,用吹风机吹干以备后用。
二、将步骤一中经过表面处理的纯钛箔和纯铝箔进行交替叠层堆砌,堆砌顺序:纯钛箔-纯铝箔-纯钛箔-纯铝箔-……-纯钛箔,其总层数为11层,纯钛箔为6层,纯铝箔为5层;堆叠好的纯钛箔和纯铝箔需要用直径为0.1mm的细钢丝进行固定,细钢丝在箔材的四个边按照“#”字形进行固定,钢丝固定位置尽可能靠近箔材四个边的边缘位置,如图1所述。
三、将步骤二中叠层放置好的箔材放置在表面均匀喷涂氮化硼的石墨模具中,再将模具放置于真空热压烧结炉中,使得真空热压烧结炉的真空度低于10-2Pa,待真空度稳定以后以8℃/min的升温速率将炉子升温到630℃后,开始加压到30MPa,并保温保压8小时,保温结束后,采取随炉冷却的方式冷却至室温,低温热处理后获得结构为Ti/TiAl3/Al的层状结构材料。
四、将步骤三制备出的初材料在室温下,进行多道次轧制,每道次轧制变形下压量为5%,通过3道次轧制工序使得材料板的整体下压量控制在15%,最终获得层状多孔钛铝复合材料板。
孔洞尺寸相近,其平均直径在1~10μm之间,且在TiAl3层中分布均匀。
Claims (5)
1.一种层状多孔金属复合材料板的制备方法,其特征在于所述复合材料板是由纯钛箔、纯铝箔和脆性TiAl3层构成,纯钛箔和纯铝箔间交替层叠,脆性TiAl3层位于两种纯金属箔之间,脆性TiAl3层有孔洞;总层数为2n+1层,最外层为纯钛箔;所述的制备方法是通过下述步骤完成的:
步骤1、对纯钛箔酸洗处理,对纯铝箔碱洗处理;
步骤2、将步骤1处理后的金属箔交替层叠堆砌,然后用细钢丝进行固定;
步骤3、然后低温热处理;
步骤4、然后室温多道次轧制,即完成;
其中,步骤3中低温热处理是通过下述步骤完成的:将固定好的叠层放置在表面均匀喷涂氮化硼的石墨模具中,再将模具放置于真空热压烧结炉中,抽真空至真空度低于10-2Pa,待真空度稳定以后以5~10℃/min的升温速率升温到610~650℃后,开始加压到20~40MPa,保温保压4~10小时后,随炉冷却的方式冷却至室温;
步骤4多道次轧制是在室温下,进行多道次轧制,每道次轧制变形下压量为1%~10%以内,通过1~5道次轧制工序使得材料板的整体下压量控制在10%~20%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于步骤1所述的纯钛箔和纯铝箔的厚度在10μm~100μm之间。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于步骤1中纯钛箔酸洗处理是通过下述步骤进行 的:用5vol.%~15vol.%的HF溶液对纯钛箔进行酸洗,然后用清水快速冲洗2~5分钟,再置于无水乙醇中超声清洗2~5分钟,吹干。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于步骤1中纯铝箔碱洗处理是通过下述步骤进行 的:用5wt.%~15wt.%的NaOH溶液对纯铝箔进行碱洗,然后用清水快速冲洗2~5分钟,再置于无水乙醇中超声清洗2~5分钟后,吹干。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于步骤2中细钢丝的直径为0.3mm~0.6mm。
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