CN114146548B - Exhaust gas desulfurization and denitrification system - Google Patents

Exhaust gas desulfurization and denitrification system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114146548B
CN114146548B CN202111344172.7A CN202111344172A CN114146548B CN 114146548 B CN114146548 B CN 114146548B CN 202111344172 A CN202111344172 A CN 202111344172A CN 114146548 B CN114146548 B CN 114146548B
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tower
exhaust gas
desulfurization
carrier layer
denitration
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CN114146548A (en
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姚松年
陈红林
胡春雷
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Nantong Shan Jian Graphite Equipment Co ltd
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Nantong Shan Jian Graphite Equipment Co ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/75Multi-step processes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D47/00Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent
    • B01D47/14Packed scrubbers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/32Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/48Sulfur compounds
    • B01D53/50Sulfur oxides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/54Nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/56Nitrogen oxides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/77Liquid phase processes
    • B01D53/78Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27DDETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D17/00Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
    • F27D17/008Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases cleaning gases
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00Reactants
    • B01D2251/10Oxidants
    • B01D2251/106Peroxides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00Reactants
    • B01D2251/20Reductants
    • B01D2251/206Ammonium compounds
    • B01D2251/2067Urea
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/02Other waste gases
    • B01D2258/0283Flue gases
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/80Employing electric, magnetic, electromagnetic or wave energy, or particle radiation
    • B01D2259/818Employing electrical discharges or the generation of a plasma
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25Process efficiency
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10Process efficiency

Abstract

The invention provides an exhaust gas desulfurization and denitrification system, which sequentially comprises a boiler, a dedusting and desulfurization tower, a denitrification tower and a chimney according to an exhaust gas flow path; an energy-saving device can be connected between the boiler and the dedusting and desulfurizing tower. The primary purifying gas outlet is communicated with the primary waste gas inlet through a plasma generator, and the plasma generator can enable the primary purifying gas to generate a plurality of positive ions and negative ions. Preferably, the upper carrier layer and the lower carrier layer of the denitration tower are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power supply, a circuit for controlling the communication of a switch is arranged between the upper carrier layer and the lower carrier layer, and when denitration reaction is carried out for a period of time, the circuit switch is closed, so that the upper carrier layer and the lower carrier layer are electrically neutralized. The invention integrates dust removal, desulfurization and denitration, and is energy-saving and environment-friendly.

Description

Exhaust gas desulfurization and denitrification system
Technical Field
The invention relates to an exhaust gas treatment technical device.
Background
The flue gas desulfurization and denitrification technology is a boiler flue gas purification technology applied to the chemical industry for generating multiple nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides. Nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides are one of the major sources of air pollution. The application of this technique has considerable benefits for the purification of ambient air. The prior known flue gas desulfurization and denitrification technology comprises PAFP, ACFP, pyrolusite method, electron beam ammonia method, pulse corona method, gypsum wet method, catalytic oxidation method, microorganism degradation method and the like.
The flue gas desulfurization technology by an activated carbon fiber method (Activated Carbon Fiber Process, abbreviated as ACFP) is a novel desulfurization technology for removing SO2 in flue gas by adopting a new material desulfurization activated carbon fiber catalyst (DSACF) and recycling sulfur resources to produce sulfuric acid or sulfate.
The desulfurization rate of the technology can reach more than 95%, the unit desulfurizing agent treatment capacity can be more than an order of magnitude higher than that of active carbon desulfurization (generally, the GAC treatment capacity is 102Nm3/h.t, and the ACF can reach 104Nm 3/h.t). The method has the advantages of simple process, less equipment, simple operation, low investment and operation cost, and capability of eliminating SO2 pollution and recycling sulfur resources, SO that the method can be used for controlling SO2 pollution of boiler flue gas of a power plant, nonferrous smelting flue gas, sintering flue gas of a steel plant and flue gas of various large and medium-sized industrial boilers, and improves the situation that the conventional flue gas desulfurization technical device is marginally available but cannot operate. The flue gas desulfurization technology calculates according to the boiler flue gas of a 10 ten thousand KW unit, the investment cost of the device is 3500 ten thousand, and the annual production of sulfuric acid is 3 ten thousand to 4 ten thousand tons. The method is only used for desulfurization of nationwide high-sulfur coal power plants, can reduce the emission of 240 ten thousand tons of SO2 per year, and can produce 360 ten thousand tons of byproduct sulfuric acid with a yield of billions yuan. The technology is already patented by the country and is listed in the national high and new technology industrialization project guide.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to:
the waste heat gas desulfurization and denitrification system is complete in dedusting, desulfurization and denitrification functions and high in adsorption and desorption reaction speed.
The technical scheme is as follows:
the waste heat gas desulfurization and denitrification system is used for removing boiler waste gas and purifying treatment, and sequentially comprises a boiler, a dust removal and desulfurization tower, a denitrification tower and a chimney according to a waste gas flow path; an energy saver can be connected between the boiler and the dedusting and desulfurizing tower, and a plasma generator can be connected between the dedusting and desulfurizing tower and the denitration tower.
The upper part of the dedusting and desulfurizing tower is provided with three solution inlets from top to bottom, an exhaust gas inlet at the lower part, a solution outlet at the bottom and a primary purified gas outlet at the top. The dedusting and desulfurizing tower has one demister with top layer, one upper packing layer, one middle water-gas separator and one lower packing layer. The first solution inlet is positioned between the demister and the upper filler, the second solution inlet is positioned between the upper filler layer and the water-gas separator, and the third solution inlet is positioned between the water-gas separator and the lower filler. The first liquid is hydrogen peroxide, the second is circulating water (which is convenient for forming a solution), and the third liquid is alkali liquor.
The lower part of the denitration tower is provided with a primary purified gas inlet, a solution outlet at the bottom, an oxidant (oxygen or hydrogen peroxide in air) inlet and a urea inlet of the tower body, and a secondary purified gas outlet at the top. The denitration tower is internally provided with an upper layer carrier and a lower layer carrier.
The boiler exhaust gas outlet is communicated with the exhaust gas inlet of the dedusting and desulfurizing tower, the primary purified gas outlet of the dedusting and desulfurizing tower is communicated with the primary exhaust gas inlet of the denitration tower, and the secondary purified gas outlet of the denitration tower is communicated with the chimney.
Preferably, the boiler exhaust gas outlet is communicated with the exhaust gas inlet through an energy saver, and the energy saver can temporarily store part of exhaust gas and has a pressure regulating function to play a role in buffering.
Preferably, the primary purge gas outlet is in communication with the primary exhaust gas inlet via a plasma generator that is capable of generating a plurality of positive and negative ions from the primary purge gas.
It is further preferred that the upper and lower support layers of the denitrating tower are respectively connected to the positive and negative poles of the power supply, so that the two support layers are capable of respectively adsorbing electronegative and electropositive exhaust gas molecules or ions (such as NH 4) + 、NO2 - 、NO3 - ) Helping the adsorption of the carrier to the exhaust gas and the denitration reaction.
The upper carrier layer and the lower carrier layer are provided with a circuit which is communicated through switch control, and when adsorption or denitration reaction is carried out for a period of time or basically completed, the circuit switch is closed, so that unreacted positive ions and negative ions of the upper carrier layer and the lower carrier layer are electrically neutralized. The adsorbed residual substances are convenient to be quickly desorbed, and the formed reaction liquid flows away from the bottom or the formed purified gas flows out from the top.
Desulfurization mechanism:
and (3) oxidizing sulfur dioxide in the waste gas with hydrogen peroxide to generate sulfur trioxide.
And (3) carrying out a neutralization reaction on sulfur trioxide and alkaline water to generate brine.
Denitration mechanism:
the nitrogen-containing waste gas generates plasma under the effect of high-energy electron direct bombardment and free radicals, and NO is oxidized into high-valence NOx (NO 2, N2O3, NO 3) - ) NOx is then reduced to N2 emissions with an absorbent such as urea.
Project SCR Plasma (PDP)
Denitration efficiency >90% >95%
Investment cost of operation High height Low and low
Windage (Pa) >1000 <500
Service life (year) Catalysts 1 to 3 10
Safety of Ammonia escape and explosive ammonia station No ammonia station and no secondary pollution are needed
Load range (%) 40-100 0-100
Temperature requirement (DEG C) 320-400 20-250
Installation shutdown For 3 months For 10 days
Upgrade transformation Limited by temperature and mounting position The position is flexible, and plasma modules are convenient and fast to connect in series
Applicable occasion Thermal power plant, large and medium-sized thermal power plant Low-temperature kiln, thermal power plant and industrial boiler
The beneficial effects are that:
1. high efficiency (mg/Nm 3): the desulfurization efficiency is more than or equal to 95 percent; the dust removal efficiency is more than or equal to 99 percent; the ringelman blackness is less than level 1; running resistance < 400 Pa. Dust < 30, sulfur < 100, and nitrate < 50.
2. The unique process comprises the following steps: multistage efficient spraying and high specific surface area filler
3. One tower for three purposes: dust removal desulfurization denitration
4. Wind resistance optimization: less than 400Pa, simplified structure and low wind speed design;
5. safety and reliability: SUS316+ corrosion prevention and scale prevention; long service life of consumable material and no NH3 and other dangerous consumable material
6. Cost control: three-in-one, low water drift rate, low power consumption and reasonable alkali liquor consumption; the initial investment is 20% lower than that of the traditional technology.
Energy saving: the technology is originally created in the industry, the energy is saved, the environment is protected, the energy is saved by more than 10%, and the desulfurization and denitrification operation cost is made up.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a dust removal desulfurization tower of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the present application;
in the figure, 1-hole, 2-smoke inlet, 3-smoke outlet, 4-demister, 5-hydrogen peroxide spray, 6-filler layer, 7-hydrogen peroxide outlet, 8-water-gas separator, 9-alkali liquor spray, 10-filler layer, 11-empty tower spray and 12-alkali liquor outlet; 13-a boiler; 14-a circulating water tank; 15-desulfurizing and dosing device; 16-denitration dosing device; 17-an economizer; 18-a plasma generator; 19-chimney; 20-a reaction liquid storage tank; 21-a denitration tower; 22-a sedimentation tank.
Detailed Description
The waste gas desulfurization and denitrification system shown in fig. 1 sequentially passes through a boiler, a dedusting and desulfurization tower, a denitrification tower and a chimney according to a waste gas flow path; the boiler waste gas outlet is communicated with the waste gas inlet of the dedusting and desulfurizing tower through the energy saver, the primary purified gas outlet of the dedusting and desulfurizing tower is communicated with the primary waste gas inlet of the denitration tower, and the secondary purified gas outlet of the denitration tower is communicated with the chimney.
The middle upper part of the waste gas inlet at the lower part of the dedusting and desulfurizing tower is provided with three solution inlets from top to bottom: the first solution hydrogen peroxide inlet is positioned above the upper filler layer, the second solution circulating water inlet is positioned between the upper filler layer and the water-gas separator, and the third solution alkali liquid inlet is positioned between the water-gas separator and the lower filler layer. A primary purge gas outlet at the top; the dust removal desulfurizing tower is internally provided with an upper filler, a middle-layer water-gas separator and a lower filler, wherein the upper filler adsorbs waste gas, and the lower filler adsorbs dust.
The lower part of the denitration tower is provided with a primary purified gas inlet, and the primary purified gas outlet is communicated with a primary waste gas inlet through a plasma generator.
And a reaction liquid inlet and a secondary purified gas outlet at the top of the denitrating tower body. The denitration tower is internally provided with an upper layer carrier and a lower layer carrier.
It is further preferred that the upper and lower support layers of the denitrating tower are respectively connected to the positive and negative poles of the power supply, so that the two support layers are capable of respectively adsorbing electronegative and electropositive exhaust gas molecules or ions (such as NH 4) + 、NO3 - ) Helping the adsorption of the carrier to the exhaust gas and the denitration reaction.

Claims (4)

1. An exhaust gas desulfurization and denitrification system sequentially passes through a boiler, a dedusting and desulfurization tower, a denitrification tower and a chimney according to an exhaust gas flow path; the boiler exhaust gas outlet is communicated with the exhaust gas inlet of the dedusting and desulfurizing tower, the primary purified gas outlet of the dedusting and desulfurizing tower is communicated with the primary exhaust gas inlet of the denitration tower, and the secondary purified gas outlet of the denitration tower is communicated with the chimney; the upper part of the dedusting and desulfurizing tower is provided with three solution inlets from top to bottom, an exhaust gas inlet at the lower part, a solution outlet at the bottom and a primary purified gas outlet at the top; the method is characterized in that:
the dust removal desulfurization tower is internally provided with an upper filler, a middle-layer water-gas separator and a lower filler; the first solution inlet is positioned above the upper filler layer, the second solution inlet is positioned between the upper filler layer and the water-gas separator, and the third solution inlet is positioned between the water-gas separator and the lower filler layer; the upper filler adsorbs waste gas, and the lower filler adsorbs dust;
an upper carrier and a lower carrier are arranged in the denitration tower, the upper carrier layer and the lower carrier layer are respectively connected with a positive electrode and a negative electrode of a power supply, and a circuit for controlling the communication of a switch is arranged between the upper carrier layer and the lower carrier layer; when adsorption or denitration reaction is carried out for a period of time, the circuit switch is closed, so that positive ions and negative ions of the upper carrier layer and the lower carrier layer are electrically neutralized, and quick desorption or nitration reaction is carried out.
2. The exhaust gas desulfurization and denitrification system according to claim 1, wherein: the first solution is hydrogen peroxide, the second solution is circulating water, and the third solution is alkali liquor.
3. The exhaust gas desulfurization and denitrification system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: inside the denitration tower, the upper carrier can adsorb NO2 - 、NO3 - The download is capable of adsorbing NH4 + Facilitating the denitration reaction.
4. The exhaust gas desulfurization and denitrification system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the primary purified gas outlet is communicated with the primary waste gas inlet through the plasma generator.
CN202111344172.7A 2021-11-15 2021-11-15 Exhaust gas desulfurization and denitrification system Active CN114146548B (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115634522A (en) * 2022-10-20 2023-01-24 云南曲靖钢铁集团呈钢钢铁有限公司 Environment-friendly energy-saving type deep purification system and method for flue gas of belt type sintering machine

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JP2002253963A (en) * 2000-12-28 2002-09-10 Kumamoto Prefecture Regenerating agent for hydrogen sulfide removing agent and method and apparatus for regenerating the same
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CN110917826A (en) * 2019-11-20 2020-03-27 邯郸钢铁集团有限责任公司 Pulse corona plasma flue gas desulfurization and denitrification device with medicament peak clipping function

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