CN114129698B - 一种治疗腱鞘炎的外用中药 - Google Patents
一种治疗腱鞘炎的外用中药 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种用于治疗腱鞘炎的外用中药,由下列中药原料制备:制附子、桂枝、干姜、丁香、苏木、川芎。本发明中药简便安全、起效快,在止痛和功能恢复同步进行的中药外用,尤其适用于脾肾虚寒兼有血瘀的腱鞘炎患者。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种中药,尤其涉及的是一种治疗腱鞘炎的外用中药。
技术背景
腱鞘就是套在肌腱外层的双层管状样封闭的滑膜管。它分为两层,包绕着肌腱,两层之间有一个空腔即滑膜腔,内有腱鞘滑液。内层与肌腱紧密相贴,外层衬于腱纤维鞘里面,共同与骨面结合,具有固定、保护和润滑肌腱,使其免受摩擦或压迫的作用。肌腱长期在此过度摩擦,即可发生肌腱和腱鞘的损伤性炎症,引起肿胀,称为腱鞘炎。腱鞘炎在中医学属“筋痹”范畴,主要由过劳或运动损伤加之寒邪等因素刺激造成。寒性收引凝滞,侵袭人体可导致筋脉拘急,关节屈伸不利、疼痛,“痛者,寒气多也,有寒故痛也”。腱鞘炎多见于长期、过度使用手指和腕关节的人群,随着手机和电脑的普及,“键盘侠”、“鼠标手”日益增多,腱鞘炎也愈发常见。
尽管目前治疗腱鞘炎的方法较多,但总体可分为2类:手术治疗和保守治疗。手术治疗大多是通过切除囊肿从而解除囊肿对神经和其他组织的压迫,尽管手术治疗缓解压迫疼痛的效果明显,但是部分位置的神经丰富,极易造成神经损伤,而且术后局部组织修复较慢,且手术瘢痕难以完全消除,也存在腱鞘管再次堵塞的风险。另外,大多数患者对手术存在恐惧心理,接受程度较低。保守治疗较手术治疗在临床应用中更为常见,常见的保守治疗包括非甾体抗炎药治疗、局部封闭疗法、超声冲击波疗法和中医治疗等4种方法。尽管保守治疗比较安全,患者接受程度高,但也无法从根本上解决局部组织粘连和卡压的问题,远期疗效也未可知。各方法存在问题如下:
1.非甾体抗炎药
口服或外涂非甾体抗炎药操作简捷,也可止痛或缓解疼痛,但此方法无法达到根治效果。
2.局部封闭疗法
局部封闭疗法是指在局部疼痛处进行鞘内注射类固醇激素,以达到局部抗炎的目的。虽然Rowland等和国内学者牛锋等证实了糖皮质激素或玻璃酸钠局部注射有利于缓解桡骨茎突狭窄性腱鞘炎,但由于局部解剖变异,患者接受局部封闭治疗后病情不能缓解,此种情况在临床上并不少见。另外,尽管封闭疗法临床缓解疼痛效果明显,但是一旦治疗失误,对患者和医生来说均为致命危害。局部封闭疗法操作不当可造成手指坏死和动脉危象等并发症,即使可通过超声引导明确局部解剖变异,从而成功进行鞘内注射,但封闭疗法的长远疗效并不理想。
3.超声冲击波疗法
体外冲击波对骨科疾病的治疗具有有良好的疗效,其优点在于安全有效,适用范围广,且相较于其他保守治疗,放散状超声波可以缓解粘连,改善血液循环,但超声疗法可能引起伸肌增厚,对于功能的影响仍未知。
4.中医治疗
中医主要通过内服、外洗、针刀、针灸治疗等方法治疗腱鞘炎,但是中药内服、外洗因辨证及用药思路不同,差异较大,难以得到推广;而针刀操作比较痛苦,且一旦失败造成后果较严重,如患指无力、患指麻木或感觉减退等。针灸疗法虽具有操作简单、安全性高、疗效好、无副作用等优点,但多用于治疗早期或症状不明显的桡骨茎突狭窄性腱鞘炎,且临床并无统一针刺方法和选穴标准。
中药治疗通常采用敷贴或熏洗,腱鞘炎辨证分型通常分为寒湿型,治法,温经散寒、活血通络;瘀滞型,治法:通络活血、消肿止痛;气滞不足型,治法:补益气血、舒筋活络。陈能等在“基于关联规则和复杂系统熵聚类的腱鞘炎外用药规律研究”报道了对筛选出的76个中药处方进行分析,确定处方中药物的使用频次,药物之间的关联规则,腱鞘炎常用的药物以祛风湿、活血化瘀药为主。临床上治疗腱鞘炎常用的外用药物以祛风湿寒药(伸筋草、透骨草、草乌、川乌、威灵仙、独活)、祛风湿热药(海桐皮)、活血化瘀药(红花、乳香、没药、川芎)、发散风寒药(桂枝、羌活)、补血药(当归)、清热凉血药(赤芍)、温经止血药(艾叶)等药物为主,治法以祛风除湿、活血化瘀、温经止痛化瘀为主。通过关联规则分析发现,常用药物组合有红花、伸筋草;红花,透骨草;伸筋草、透骨草;当归、红花等。通过药物间关联度分析发现,常用的药对有草乌—海桐皮;伸筋草—木香;草乌—甘草;伸筋草—麻黄等。药物组合的功效与药对相似,具有相须、相使的作用,如红花和伸筋草,红花辛散温通能通利血脉、消肿止痛,伸筋草辛能行散以舒筋活络、消肿止痛,两药合而外用能加强辛散作用,为治疗瘀滞肿痛之要药。通过熵聚类的药物核心组合分析发现,治疗腱鞘炎的核心组合主要有川乌、草乌、生姜皮;草乌、生姜皮、没药;草乌、细辛、天南星;鸡血藤、川椒、防风等。这些核心组合的药物大抵为辛、温之品,以血分药、祛风湿为主。CN104547093A公开了一种治疗腱鞘炎的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物包括以下重量份的中药原材料:川乌20-30克、草乌10-20克、艾叶10-20克、当归10-20克、川芎10-20克、川断10-20克、伸筋草10-20克、威灵仙8-15克、青风藤8-12克、桂枝8-12克、透骨草8-12克、川牛膝8-12克、红花8-12克、桑枝8-12克、远志8-12克、木通8-12克。CN106560213A公开了一种治疗腱鞘炎的中药汤剂,由以下重量份的中药加水煎制而成:10~15份片姜黄,10~15份桑枝,5~10份当归,10~15份丹参,10~12份狗脊,8~10份泽兰,3~5份红花,10~12份海金砂,5~7份防风,6~8份苏木,5~7份川芎,30~40份薏苡仁,5~10份甘草。可见,目前的主要采用祛风除湿、通络止痛、散结消肿、活血化瘀药相互配伍,且采用较多的毒性药物。
CN110787278A公开了一种治疗腱鞘炎的中药外用敷贴,该中药外用敷贴是由下述重量的原料配制而成:制宽筋藤6-7克、干姜1-4克、土元1.5-2.5克、制附子3-5克、桂枝1.5-3克、白芥子1.5-2.5克、生石灰8-12克、艾绒20克和生姜汁8-15毫升。敷贴内中药制宽筋藤经炮制后性温,具有舒筋活络、温筋止痛。干姜、制附子辛热之品,增强了制宽筋藤的温筋散寒功效,白芥子散结消肿,配桂枝散寒解肌、温通经脉、助阳化气;生姜汁散寒注入生石灰中能产生大量的热量、储藏于散寒止痛的艾绒中共同祛除寒邪,加土元破瘀散结、续筋理伤使气血通畅。可见,该组方采用制宽筋藤、干姜、制附子、桂枝来温经散寒为主,再配伍散结消肿药物实现治疗腱鞘炎。因此,目前的中药治疗以温经止痛、祛风止痛药为主的思路,对活动功能同步恢复不足。而腱鞘炎的治疗难点在于如何使止痛和功能恢复同步进行,防止病情旷延日久,缠绵难愈。
同时目前的组方大量采用活血化瘀药尤其是破血逐瘀药如土元等,郭之东报道在临床中需慎用活血化瘀药,中医辨证有实证和虚证,而只有实证的时候才适用活血化瘀的药。服用活血化瘀的药物会伤正气也有一定的道理,瘀则散之,散而久之可能就对正气有一定的影响。活血化瘀药的作用是通利血脉,促进血行,消散瘀血。其中活血逐瘀的药效更强,称为破血药。服用活血化瘀的药物的同时最好配合一些补气生血的药物,活血的前提是要有血可以活,只活血而不生血是起不到很好的效果的。
所以临床缺乏一种简便安全、起效快,在止痛和功能恢复同步进行的中药外用,尤其对于脾肾虚寒兼有血瘀的腱鞘炎缺乏一种有效的治疗方法。
发明内容
本发明目的在于克服现有技术的不足,提供一种起效快、疗程短、安全性高的治疗腱鞘炎的外用中药。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种治疗腱鞘炎的中药外用,所述中药由下列重量份配比的中药原料制备而成:
制附子3-12重量份,桂枝3-15重量份,干姜3-10重量份,丁香3-15重量份,苏木3-10重量份,川芎3-12重量份。
作为所述治疗腱鞘炎的外用中药的优选,其由下列重量份配比的中药原料制备而成:
制附子6重量份,桂枝6重量份,干姜3重量份,丁香6重量份,苏木6重量份,川芎6重量份。
或优选由下列重量份配比的中药原料制备而成:制附子10重量份,桂枝10重量份,干姜5重量份,丁香10重量份,苏木6重量份,川芎10重量份。
本发明还提供上述外用中药在制备治疗腱鞘炎药物中的制药应用。
所述腱鞘炎为桡骨茎突部狭窄性腱鞘炎、屈指肌膜狭窄性腱鞘炎或先天性拇长屈肌腱鞘炎。
所述腱鞘炎更优选寒证型,进一步优选脾肾虚寒证兼血瘀型。
本发明进一步提供外用中药的制备方法:将上述原料药粉碎后过筛,加水或乙醇溶液提取,提取液浓缩成膏后制成外用中药。
所述乙醇溶液为30%-80%的乙醇溶液,优选50%,60%、70%乙醇。
本发明的中药为原生中药材,可根据需要在现代生物工艺下制成膏剂、搽剂、饼剂等,但以膏剂效果最佳。
本发明中各味中药原料的主要功效及药理作用为:
制附子:辛、甘、大热。有回阳救逆、补火助阳、散寒止痛的功效。附子气雄性悍,走而不守,能温经通络,逐经络中风寒湿邪,故而有较强的散寒止痛的作用。凡是风寒湿痹周身骨节疼痛者均可使用,特别善于治疗寒痹剧痛者。
药理学研究表明,附子中主要成分为乌头碱、新乌头碱、新江油乌头碱、附子亭等,现代研究表明,附子通过抑制炎性介质的产生与释放而发挥抑制角叉莱、二甲醛等所致的急性炎症所致的急性炎性肿胀,抑制醋酸所致毛细血管通透性亢进和抑制肉芽肿形成及抗佐剂性关节炎等抗炎作用。
桂枝:味辛、甘,性温,具有散寒解表、温通经脉的功效,为散寒逐瘀、温经止痛的要药。临床上多用于治疗外感表证、寒凝血痹、关节疼痛、心悸水饮等证。
药理学研究表明,桂枝中主要活性物质为挥发油类,主要成分为桂皮醛,还有有机酸类、多糖类、香豆素类及鞣质类成分。具有解热、扩张皮肤血管、促进血液循环、镇痛等作用。桂皮醛具有明显的镇静、镇痛作用,并能兴奋汗腺,改善外周循环。
干姜:干姜为姜科植物姜的干燥根茎,味辛,性温,具有温中散寒、回阳通脉、温肺化饮的作用。干姜的一大特点是守而不走,干姜主温里,其气凝滞,干姜常与附子配伍,以温里散寒。
药理学研究表明,干姜中主要成分为挥发油,大多是萜类物质,香气浓郁,干姜提取物具有抗炎解热镇痛作用。
丁香:辛温芳香,具有温中降逆、暖肾助阳、行气止痛、醒神开窍、辟秽杀虫的功效。丁香暖脾胃而行气滞,尤善降逆,故有温中散寒、降逆止呕、止呃之功,为治胃寒呕吐呃逆之要药。
药理学研究表明,丁香中关键成分为丁香酚、乙酞丁香酚、β-T香烯,丁香酚有抗菌、镇痛、麻醉、抗氧化作用。
苏木:性平,味甘,微咸,具有破血,消肿,行气,止痛功效。临床多用于闭经,产后恶露,跌打损伤。
药理学研究表明,其主要成分包括原苏木素、巴西苏木素、高异黄酮、苏木查尔酮和二苯类等化学成分,具有较强的抗炎、免疫抑制、抗菌和舒张血管等药理活性。
川芎:性味辛、温,是活血祛瘀的常用药物,具有活血行气,祛风止痛的功效。临床常用于血瘀气滞所导致的痛经、经闭以及产后血瘀腹痛、跌打损伤等。
药理学研究表明,川芎有川芎嗪、阿魏酸、川芎素、生物碱、酚性物质等,可改善微循环、降低血管阻力,显著增加脑及肢体血流量。
中医学认为腱鞘炎属于“筋痹”范畴,“风寒湿三气杂至,合而为痹,其风气盛者为行痹,寒气盛者为痛痹,湿气盛者为着痹也。”“外邪侵袭,气滞血瘀”是腱鞘炎的主要病机,“散寒行气活血”为主要治则,本方的组成为制附子、桂枝、干姜、丁香、苏木、川芎,制附子、桂枝、干姜温阳散寒,丁香温中降逆、温肾助阳,苏木活血和血止痛、疏肝通络、宣表里风邪,川芎活血行气止痛,6味药共用可达散寒行气活血止痛之功。本方治疗腱鞘炎具有坚实的中医理论基础,尤其针对脾肾虚寒的腱鞘炎有效,符合中医的理法方药原则。本发明针对脾肾虚寒兼有血瘀的患者,采用苏木、丁香和制附子、桂枝、干姜、川芎配伍,其中苏木和血化瘀,以减少破血对虚寒患者正气的损伤,化瘀作用和缓且不伤阴分,而且苏木能入肝经,而肝主筋脉,苏木疏肝活络调血脉,从而促进关节活动功能恢复。另一方面,脾阳久虚,不能充养肾阳,脾虚则运化无力,不能化生精微充肾,影响肾阳蒸化水液之功,日久导致肾阳不足。现有腱鞘炎的组方仅温补肾阳,忽视脾阳的影响,导致治疗效果不明显。与本发明附子、桂枝、干姜的直接温肾阳作用不同,而本发明中的丁香主要针对脾胃,升补脾阳,兼具温肾,从而能持续升补脾阳、肾阳,更针对虚寒患者。
本发明主要是通过温阳散寒、行气活血、通络止痛来达到治疗腱鞘炎的目的,所以尤其对辨证属寒证的腱鞘炎效果最佳,表现为关节疼痛,活动受限,伴有关节怕冷,喜暖。
本发明的中药使用剂量及方法为:本发明的中药为一日剂量,每天一剂,研磨成粉,用醋调为团块状,外敷在疼痛部位,贴敷4小时,10天为一个疗程,一般用药2个疗程。患者在使用本中药期间应注意避免接触寒凉、过度劳累。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的实施例作详细说明,以下实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施,给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程,但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。
实施例1
制附子6克,桂枝6克,干姜3克,丁香6克,苏木6克,川芎6克,将上述药物粉碎过筛后,加10量水煎煮3次,每次1小时,煎煮后过滤,得到药液。再将药液浓缩得药膏,然后加入氮酮和凡士林搅拌均匀制成膏剂。
实施例2
制附子10克,桂枝10克,干姜5克,丁香10克,苏木6克,川芎10克。将上述药物粉碎过筛后,加10量的50%乙醇回流提取2次,每次1.5小时,过滤,提取液回收乙醇浓缩得药膏,然后加入氮酮和凡士林搅拌均匀制成膏剂。
实施例3
制附子12克,桂枝12克,干姜6克,丁香12克,苏木6克,川芎12克。将上述药物粉碎过筛后,加15量的70%乙醇浸泡二次,过滤,浸提液回收乙醇浓缩得浸膏,浸膏加药用酒精制成搽剂。
实施例4
制附子12克,桂枝10克,干姜6克,丁香12克,苏木6克,川芎12克。将上述药物粉碎过筛后,加10量水浸泡半小时,然后煎煮2次,每次1.5小时,过滤,得水提取液,取药渣,加15量的65%乙醇加热回流提取2次,每次1小时,得乙醇提取液。将水提取液和乙醇提取液合并,浓缩得浸膏,浸膏加药用酒精制成搽剂。
临床疗效观察:
对2019.7-2021.5某医院中医科就诊的手部腱鞘炎患者60例进行临床观察。将60例腱鞘炎患者采用随机数字表简单随机化分组法将60例病例分成对照组30例和治疗组30例。治疗组患者每日使用本发明实施例1所得,外敷于疼痛部位贴敷4小时,次日更换新药。外敷治疗2个疗程,10天为1个疗程。对照组使用双氯芬酸二乙胺乳胶剂涂于疼痛部位,每日涂3次。治疗2个疗程,10天为1个疗程。比较两组患者治疗前后疼痛评分以及患指屈伸活动改善情况,以及两组有效率。
疗效评价指标:根据《中医病证诊断疗效标准》制定的评价标准,治愈及好转视为有效。
治愈、好转、无效的评价标准如下:
治愈:患者治疗后掌侧无疼痛,局部压痛完全消失,各相关症状及体征全部消失,患指自主屈伸活动正常,无绞索、弹响等现象。
好转:治疗后,患者局部肿胀疼痛等症状较治疗前缓解,患指活动时仍感觉轻微弹响或疼痛,无绞索现象。
无效:治疗后,患者各临床症状无缓解或加重。
各组治疗情况如下:
组别 | 例数 | 治愈 | 好转 | 无效 | 有效率 |
治疗组 | 30 | 13 | 15 | 2 | 93.3% |
对照组 | 30 | 9 | 11 | 10 | 66.6% |
结果分析:对两组患者进行观察分析,治疗组进行本发明治疗后有效率为93.3%,明显高于对照组的66.6%,二者之间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在临床观察中发现,在止痛方面,使用西药双氯芬酸二乙胺乳胶剂的止痛效果略优,但双氯芬酸二乙胺乳胶剂在对患指屈伸活动、绞索现象改善不明显,而本发明中药除止痛外,能够改善大部分患者的患指活动受限问题,屈伸活动受限情况减少,绞索、弹响等现象也大部分降低。因此,从总体看,可知本方对于腱鞘炎治疗有显著优势。
典型病例:
病例1:杨某,男,60岁,职业为保洁员,因“右手拇指疼痛2月伴活动受限”就诊。患者2020年2月中旬因工作劳累出现右手掌指关节疼痛,就诊于某医院,行手X平片排除骨折、结核等疾病,诊断为狭窄性腱鞘炎,予双氯芬酸二乙胺乳胶剂外涂,骨通贴膏外用,治疗两周无改善,1月后患者出现拇指活动受限,并有卡顿现象,就诊于某中医医院,予针刺治疗、小针刀治疗无效,2020年4月就诊于我科门诊。刻下症:右手拇指疼痛,活动受限,有卡顿现象,右手无法扭动门把锁,无法持菜刀切菜,自觉右手比左手怕冷,关节喜暖,舌暗苔白,脉弦,明确腱鞘炎诊断,辨证为寒凝证。予本发明实施例1中药外敷治疗,每日1次,每次贴敷4小时,治疗两个疗程后患者关节疼痛消失,卡顿现象消失,扭动门把锁自如,可持刀切菜。随访6个月未复发。
病例2:患者张某,女,31岁,因“右腕关节疼痛2月伴关节硬结”就诊。患者2019年5月因经常抱孩子出现右腕关节疼痛,手拿水壶等重物会出现失物现象,2月后桡骨茎突处长出一硬结,自行贴各种膏药疼痛无缓解,2019年7月就诊于我科门诊。刻下症:平素畏寒,右腕关节疼痛,不能端重物,不能扭动门把锁,按压桡骨茎突处疼痛,并有一个硬结,右手拇指抬起困难,关节喜暖,舌淡苔白,脉沉。行超声检查提示关节处一个囊性病变区域,与周围界限清晰,囊变区域中心为均匀的低回声,挤压未见改变,考虑腱鞘囊肿。诊断为桡骨茎突狭窄性腱鞘炎,辨证为寒证。予本发明实施例1中药外敷治疗,每日1次,每次贴敷4小时,治疗7天后患者关节疼痛消失,关节活动正常,能正常端取重物,右腕关节怕凉症状消失,使用两个疗程后腱鞘囊肿明显变小,随访6个月未复发。
Claims (8)
1.一种用于治疗寒凝证型腱鞘炎的外用中药,其特征在于:其由下列重量份配比的中药原料制备而成:制附子3-10重量份,桂枝3-15重量份,干姜3-5重量份,丁香3-15重量份,苏木3-6重量份,川芎3-12重量份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的外用中药,其特征在于:其由下列重量份配比的中药原料制备而成:制附子6重量份,桂枝6重量份,干姜3重量份,丁香6重量份,苏木6重量份,川芎6重量份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的外用中药,其特征在于:其由下列重量份配比的中药原料制备而成:制附子10重量份,桂枝10重量份,干姜5重量份,丁香10重量份,苏木6重量份,川芎10重量份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的外用中药,其特征在于:所述外用中药为膏剂或搽剂。
5.根据权利要求1所述的外用中药的制备方法,其特征在于:所述外用中药的制备方法:将各原料药粉碎后过筛,加水提取,提取液浓缩成膏后制成外用中药。
6.根据权利要求1所述的外用中药在制备治疗腱鞘炎药物中的应用。
7.根据权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于,所述腱鞘炎为桡骨茎突部狭窄性腱鞘炎、屈指肌膜狭窄性腱鞘炎或先天性拇长屈肌腱鞘炎。
8.根据权利要求7所述的应用,其特征在于,所述腱鞘炎为脾肾虚寒证兼血瘀型。
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