CN114107876A - Method for nitriding inner gear ring of wind power speed increasing box without white layer - Google Patents
Method for nitriding inner gear ring of wind power speed increasing box without white layer Download PDFInfo
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- CN114107876A CN114107876A CN202111430682.6A CN202111430682A CN114107876A CN 114107876 A CN114107876 A CN 114107876A CN 202111430682 A CN202111430682 A CN 202111430682A CN 114107876 A CN114107876 A CN 114107876A
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- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000756 V alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001085205 Prenanthella exigua Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001337 iron nitride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000914 Mn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001182 Mo alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/28—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in one step
- C23C8/30—Carbo-nitriding
- C23C8/32—Carbo-nitriding of ferrous surfaces
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D27/00—Simultaneous control of variables covered by two or more of main groups G05D1/00 - G05D25/00
- G05D27/02—Simultaneous control of variables covered by two or more of main groups G05D1/00 - G05D25/00 characterised by the use of electric means
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a nitriding method for an inner gear ring of a wind power speed increasing box without a white layer, which comprises the following steps of: the inner gear ring of the wind power speed increasing box is subjected to quenching and tempering in advance, and then the inner gear ring of the wind power speed increasing box is placed in a gas nitriding furnace at the temperature of 490-530 ℃ for nitriding treatment; the method is characterized in that: the nitridation treatment comprises an emptying stage, a strong penetration stage and a diffusion stage, wherein N is firstly introduced into the emptying stage2Replacing air in the furnace, and then introducing NH3To N in the furnace2Carrying out replacement; NH is introduced in the strong penetration stage3And a smaller flow of cracked NH3To obtain the desired ammonia decomposition rate, NH is introduced during the diffusion stage3And a greater flow of cracked NH3To increase the ammonia decomposition rate. The method of the invention ensures that the inner gear ring of the wind power speed increasing box can simultaneously obtain a nitride layer without a white layer on the surface under the condition of good surface hardness after heat treatment, reduces the brittleness of the workpiece, and thus, the inner gear ring can haveThe wear resistance of the inner gear ring of the wind power speed increasing box is effectively improved, and the service life of the inner gear ring is prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal heat treatment, and relates to a method for nitriding an inner gear ring of a speed increasing box of a wind driven generator without a white layer.
Background
Nitriding is one of the common final heat treatment processes of the inner gear ring of the core component of the wind power speed increasing box and other high-speed heavy-load wear-resistant components, and the nitrided inner gear ring has high surface hardness, wear resistance, fatigue strength and corrosion resistance. At present, Cr-Mo-V alloy steel is widely used at home and abroad as an inner gear ring material, and the material has good hardenability, high hardness after surface nitriding and excellent wear resistance. In the existing gas nitriding process, because the surface nitrogen concentration is difficult to select and control, a white bright layer with a certain thickness is easily formed during nitriding, so that a series of quality defects such as increased brittleness of a carburized layer, reduced wear resistance, reduced fatigue strength and the like are caused, and the quality defects can have fatal consequences for a wind power speed increasing box.
When a steel part is nitrided, a layer of iron nitride is formed on the surface of the steel part, and the steel part is conventionally called a white layer. The thickness of the white layer depends on the chemical composition of the nitrided feature, the nitriding method, and the nitriding process. Although the white layer is thin relative to the entire nitride layer, it has a significant effect on the nitridation process itself and the useful life of the nitrided component. One of the major problems with gas nitriding is the brittleness of the white layer, which is absolutely not allowed for the important components to be supported. Proper white layer removal is a delicate, time consuming and expensive process, and is currently common in that some machining allowance is left before nitriding, and then fine grinding is performed to a final size after nitriding. The biggest defect of the method is that part of the diffusion layer is inevitably ground, and some parts are even ground more, so that the fatigue strength is greatly lost, and the service life of the nitriding part is seriously influenced. To solve this problem, the white free nitriding is undoubtedly the optimal choice, but the difficulty of white free nitriding is how to select and control the optimal process parameters for different materials to ensure that only alloy nitrides are formed and no iron nitrides are generated during the entire nitriding process.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a nitriding method for the inner gear ring of the wind power speed-increasing box without a white layer, which effectively solves the problem of an excessively thick brittle white layer generated by the original nitriding process, thereby effectively improving the wear resistance and the service life of the inner gear ring of the wind power speed-increasing box.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a nitriding method for an inner gear ring of a wind power speed increasing box without a white layer is carried out according to the following steps: the inner gear ring of the wind power speed increasing box is subjected to quenching and tempering in advance, and then the inner gear ring of the wind power speed increasing box is placed in a gas nitriding furnace at the temperature of 490-530 ℃ for nitriding treatment; the method is characterized in that: the nitridation treatment comprises an emptying stage, a strong penetration stage and a diffusion stage, wherein N is firstly introduced into the emptying stage2Replacing air in the furnace, and then introducing NH3To N in the furnace2Carrying out replacement; NH is introduced in the strong penetration stage3And a smaller flow of cracked NH3To obtain the desired ammonia decomposition rate, NH is introduced during the diffusion stage3And a greater flow of cracked NH3To increase the ammonia decomposition rate.
The heating temperature of the quenching and tempering treatment is 900-920 ℃, the inner gear ring of the wind power speed increasing box is made of alloy nitriding steel, so that the matrix structure of the inner gear ring of the wind power speed increasing box is completely austenitized, and the residual ferrite is prevented from easily forming an over-thick white layer and needle-shaped nitrides in the subsequent nitriding process; the carbon potential is controlled to be 0.4-0.45%, and the surface of the part is prevented from being oxidized and decarbonized in the heating process; the tempering temperature is 600-620 ℃, so that the quenching and tempering hardness is controlled to be 320-350 HB.
The alloy nitriding steel of the annular gear of the wind power speed-increasing box is Cr-Mo-V alloy steel containing Cr, Mn, Mo and V alloy elements, and the elements in the steel easily form alloy nitrides in the nitriding process so as to be beneficial to improving the surface hardness after nitriding.
The strong penetration stage and the diffusion stage of the nitriding treatment are main processes of nitriding, the nitriding temperature of the strong penetration stage is 500-530 ℃, the ammonia decomposition rate is 50-60%, and the nitriding time is 10-30h, so that higher surface nitrogen concentration and surface hardness can be obtained; the nitridation temperature in the diffusion stage is 500-530 ℃, the ammonia decomposition rate is 65-75%, and the nitridation time is 30-70h, so as to obtain a deeper nitridation layer.
The gas nitriding furnace is provided with an intelligent nitrogen potential control system, and the intelligent nitrogen potential control system comprises an intelligent hydrogen probe and an intelligent flow controller and is used for accurately measuring and controlling the real-time nitrogen potential in the furnace; the intelligent hydrogen probe measures the partial pressure of hydrogen in the furnace in real time to calculate the real-time ammonia decomposition rate, and the intelligent flow controller measures NH3And cracking NH3The flow rate is accurately controlled and adjusted, so that the ammonia decomposition rate in the furnace is accurately controlled.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the decarburized layer-free and uniformly tempered sorbite obtained by the quenching and tempering treatment before nitriding can provide a good foundation for nitriding and reduce the possibility of forming an over-thick white layer and needle-shaped nitrides in the subsequent nitriding process. The method adopts the simultaneous addition of NH3And cracking NH3The ammonia decomposition rate of the atmosphere is adjusted to compare with that of pure NH3The advantages of adjusting the ammonia decomposition rate are that the ammonia decomposition rate is adjusted in a wider range, the adjustment speed is faster and more sensitive, and the fluctuation of the furnace pressure is smaller. Compared with the traditional nitriding process, the nitriding treatment has the innovation points that the high ammonia decomposition rate is adopted in the strong-permeation stage, so that a white bright layer is prevented from being formed due to too high nitrogen concentration in the strong-permeation stage, and once the white bright layer is formed, the white bright layer is difficult to remove even if the subsequent diffusion section adopts the high ammonia decomposition rate. Meanwhile, the invention also adopts an intelligent nitrogen potential control system to accurately measure and control the ammonia decomposition rate and the gas flow in real time, thereby preventing the interference of the aging of the furnace material or the change of the loading capacity on the ammonia decomposition rate.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a graph illustrating a conventional nitridation process.
FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating a nitridation method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3a is a metallographic photograph of the white layer thickness (400X) of a conventional nitridation process.
FIG. 3b is a metallographic photograph showing the brittleness (100X) of the bright white layer of the conventional nitriding process.
FIG. 4a is a metallographic photograph of a nitriding method of an embodiment of the present invention without a bright white layer (400X).
FIG. 4b is a metallographic photograph showing no white bright layer brittleness (100X) of the nitriding method according to the example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples. The intelligent nitrogen potential control system comprises an intelligent hydrogen probe and an intelligent flow controller, which are all in the prior structure and technology.
Example 1
A nitriding method for an inner gear ring of a wind power speed increasing box without a white layer comprises the following steps:
the austenitizing heating temperature is 910 ℃, 0.4% carbon potential is adopted to protect the annular gear workpiece of the wind power speed increasing box during heating, and the tempering temperature is 610 ℃ to obtain the required quenching and tempering hardness and structure.
Heating the nitriding furnace and introducing N2The substitution is carried out.
When the furnace temperature rises to 450 ℃, N is closed2While introducing NH3The substitution is carried out.
When the furnace temperature is increased to 510 ℃, NH3 is introduced and NH is cracked simultaneously3And automatically controlling the ammonia decomposition rate to be 50 percent for strong permeation, and keeping the temperature for 25H.
When the furnace temperature is raised to 520 ℃, NH is introduced at the same time3And cracking NH3Automatically controlling the ammonia decomposition rate to be 75% for diffusion, and keeping the temperature for 55H.
After diffusion is finished, the quick cooling fan is turned on, and NH is continuously introduced3And cracking NH3Cooling to 450 deg.C, and closing NH3And cracking NH3While simultaneously turning on N2。
When the temperature is cooled to 150 ℃, the quick cooling fan and the N are turned off2And discharging the annular gear workpiece of the wind power speed increasing box.
The graph of the nitridation method is shown in fig. 2.
Comparative example 1
Heating the nitriding furnace and introducing N2The substitution is carried out.
When the furnace temperature rises to 450 ℃, N is closed2While introducing NH3The substitution is carried out.
When the furnace temperature rises to 510 ℃, NH is introduced3And manually adjusting NH3The flow rate is kept at 30% for strong permeation, the ammonia decomposition rate is measured manually by using a bubble bottle, and the temperature is kept for 23H.
When the furnace temperature rises to 520 ℃, NH is introduced3And manually adjusting NH3The flow rate was maintained at 55% for diffusion, and the ammonia decomposition rate was measured manually using a bubble vial and held at 55H.
After diffusion, the furnace temperature was maintained at 520 ℃ to reduce NH3Flow and let in N2The ammonia decomposition rate is kept at 80% by manual control, the ammonia decomposition rate is measured manually by a bubble bottle, and 2H is kept for nitrogen removal treatment.
Opening the quick cooling fan after the nitrogen removal is finished, and continuously introducing NH3And N2Cooling to 450 deg.C, and closing NH3。
When the temperature is cooled to 150 ℃, the quick cooling fan and the N are turned off2And discharging the workpiece.
The graph of the nitridation process is shown in fig. 1.
Result detection
Samples produced by the two processes of example 1 and comparative example 1 are taken, metallographic detection is carried out on the samples produced by the two processes according to the GB/T11354-. The metallographic result of the conventional process, namely comparative example 1, shows that the surface white and bright layer is 20um, the surface hardness can reach 795HV1, and the brittleness is grade 5, and the specific metallographic structure detection photos are shown in fig. 3a and fig. 3 b.
Analysis shows that the uniform tempered sorbite structure obtained by the quenching and tempering treatment under the protective atmosphere at the temperature of 900-920 ℃ and the carbon potential of 0.4-0.45 percent before the nitriding process provides good prerequisite for the subsequent nitriding treatment. Nitriding process by addition of cracked NH3Can quickly adjust the ammonia decomposition rate to the required set value, and overcomes the defect that the traditional nitriding method only uses pure NH3The hysteresis for adjusting the ammonia decomposition rate, the limitation of the adjustment range, and the large furnace pressure change bring about fluctuation of the ammonia decomposition rate, reducing the possibility of generating a white layer. The high ammonia decomposition rate is adopted in the nitriding strong penetration stage, so that the phenomenon that a white bright layer generated in the strong penetration stage cannot be eliminated in the subsequent diffusion stage is avoided, and the surface hardness after nitriding is not influenced by the improvement of the ammonia decomposition rate because the improvement of the nitriding hardness mainly depends on the alloy nitride and does not depend on the nitrogen concentration. In addition, the process does not need nitrogen reduction treatment like the traditional process. An intelligent nitrogen potential control system is adopted in the production process, the ammonia decomposition rate is measured in real time by an intelligent hydrogen probe, and NH3 and cracked NH are adjusted in real time by an intelligent flow controller3The flow rate controls the ammonia decomposition rate to be a required set value, and reduces the adverse effect on the production result caused by the error of manually measuring the ammonia decomposition rate by using the bubble bottle and the untimely measurement and adjustment. The white layer of the inner gear ring of the wind power speed increasing box nitrided by the process is reduced from 20 mu m to no white layer, the surface brittleness is reduced from 5 grade to 1 grade, and the surface hardness is kept from being reduced. Therefore, the wear resistance of the inner gear ring of the wind power speed increasing box can be effectively improved, and the service life of the inner gear ring of the wind power speed increasing box can be effectively prolonged.
The technical solutions and concepts described above are only simple words for describing the design idea of the present invention, and are not limitations of the design idea of the present invention, and any combination, addition, or modification that does not exceed the design idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A nitriding method for an inner gear ring of a wind power speed increasing box without a white layer is carried out according to the following steps: the inner gear ring of the wind power speed increasing box is subjected to quenching and tempering in advance, and then the inner gear ring of the wind power speed increasing box is placed in a gas nitriding furnace at the temperature of 490-530 ℃ for nitriding treatment; the method is characterized in that: the nitridation treatment comprises an emptying stage, a strong penetration stage and a diffusion stage, wherein N is firstly introduced into the emptying stage2Replacing air in the furnace, and then introducing NH3To N in the furnace2Carrying out replacement; NH is introduced in the strong penetration stage3And compareSmall flow of cracked NH3To obtain the desired ammonia decomposition rate, NH is introduced during the diffusion stage3And a greater flow of cracked NH3To increase the ammonia decomposition rate.
2. The nitridation method without the white layer for the ring gear of the wind power speed increasing box according to claim 1, wherein the nitridation method comprises the following steps: the heating temperature of the quenching and tempering treatment is 900-920 ℃, the annular gear of the wind power speed increasing box is alloy nitriding steel, the carbon potential is controlled to be 0.4-0.45%, the tempering temperature is 600-620 ℃, and the quenching and tempering hardness is controlled to be 320-350 HB.
3. The nitridation method without the white layer for the ring gear of the wind power speed increasing box according to claim 1, wherein the nitridation method comprises the following steps: the alloy steel nitride of the inner gear ring of the wind power speed increasing box is Cr-Mo-V alloy steel.
4. The nitridation method without the white layer for the ring gear of the wind power speed increasing box according to claim 1, wherein the nitridation method comprises the following steps: the strong penetration stage and the diffusion stage of the nitriding treatment are main processes of nitriding, the nitriding temperature of the strong penetration stage is 500-530 ℃, the ammonia decomposition rate is 50-60%, and the nitriding time is 10-30 h; the nitriding temperature in the diffusion stage is 500-530 ℃, the ammonia decomposition rate is 65-75%, and the nitriding time is 30-70 h.
5. The nitridation method without the white layer for the ring gear of the wind power speed increasing box according to claim 4, wherein the nitridation method comprises the following steps: an intelligent nitrogen potential control system is installed in the gas nitriding furnace, and comprises an intelligent hydrogen probe and an intelligent flow controller, so that the real-time nitrogen potential in the furnace can be accurately measured and controlled; the intelligent hydrogen probe measures the partial pressure of hydrogen in the furnace in real time to calculate the real-time ammonia decomposition rate, and the intelligent flow controller measures NH3And cracking NH3The flow rate is accurately controlled and adjusted, and the ammonia decomposition rate in the furnace is accurately controlled.
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| CN115404434A (en) * | 2022-07-26 | 2022-11-29 | 厦门真冈热处理有限公司 | Rapid nitriding method for planet carrier of automatic transmission of automobile |
| CN116640912A (en) * | 2023-05-11 | 2023-08-25 | 浙江大学 | Heat treatment surface strengthening method for inner curve hydraulic motor stator guide rail |
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| CN105385980A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-03-09 | 常州天山重工机械有限公司 | Thermal treatment process for effectively controlling nitrided porous layer of gear material |
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| CN105385980A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-03-09 | 常州天山重工机械有限公司 | Thermal treatment process for effectively controlling nitrided porous layer of gear material |
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| CN115404434A (en) * | 2022-07-26 | 2022-11-29 | 厦门真冈热处理有限公司 | Rapid nitriding method for planet carrier of automatic transmission of automobile |
| CN116640912A (en) * | 2023-05-11 | 2023-08-25 | 浙江大学 | Heat treatment surface strengthening method for inner curve hydraulic motor stator guide rail |
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| CN114150258B (en) | 2024-04-26 |
| CN216201077U (en) | 2022-04-05 |
| CN114107876B (en) | 2024-03-26 |
| CN114150258A (en) | 2022-03-08 |
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