CN114103324B - 一种防污抗菌纺织面料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种防污抗菌纺织面料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN114103324B
CN114103324B CN202111261777.XA CN202111261777A CN114103324B CN 114103324 B CN114103324 B CN 114103324B CN 202111261777 A CN202111261777 A CN 202111261777A CN 114103324 B CN114103324 B CN 114103324B
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layer
bag
water absorption
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CN114103324A (zh
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宋宗庆
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Shenzhen Koradior Garment Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于防水面料技术领域，具体的说是一种防污抗菌纺织面料及其制备方法，包括接触层、吸水层和防护层；所述接触层由涤纶纤维和锦纶纤维按照1:1比例混合纺织而成；所述吸水层由吸水纤维制成；所述防护层包括基布和防污涂料；所述基布为聚氨酯纤维纺织而成；所述防污涂料由以下材料构成：水性聚氨酯乳液12‑15份、改性纳米二氧化硅2‑3份、乳化硅油1.2‑1.8份、引发剂0.4‑0.6份、月桂酸0.3‑0.4份、抑菌剂3‑4份、去离子水80‑90份；本发明通过将防污抑菌面料分为三层，在使用过程中，由吸水性较差的涤纶纤维和锦纶纤维混纺制得接触层，当人体汗液挥发时，汗液通过面料的缝隙被内层的吸水层进行吸附，由于吸水层表面沾附有抑菌剂，可以有效地避免面料本身细菌滋生。

Description

一种防污抗菌纺织面料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于防水面料技术领域，具体的说是一种防污抗菌纺织面料及其制备方法。
背景技术
现有技术中雨披、雨衣以及防污服多数采用防水面料制成，由于防水面料多数透气性较差，在使用过程中，人体中挥发的汗液沾附在面料内层，容易导致细菌滋生、霉变，同时防水面料多数通过表面的涂层进行隔水，但是由于涂层本身的延展性较差，在长期的使用过程中，随着面料的折叠、摩擦容易导致面料表面涂层产生缝隙，进而导致防水防污性能下降，导致制成的成品雨披使用寿命较短。
中国专利发布的一种防水抑菌面料，申请号：CN2016103351441，包括防水层、抑菌层和吸收层，所述抑菌层被防水层和吸收层包裹；所述防水层的表面设置有纳米级的凸起；所述抑菌层的成分及其重量比为：甲壳素纤维30％-50％，薄荷纤维40％-50％，黏胶纤维10％-20％；所述吸收层由竹炭粉和基材布构成；与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下的有益效果：通过将防水层、抑菌层和吸收层组合，具有防水透气透湿、抑菌、穿着舒适等优点，但是由于该面料的透气性较差，在天气较为炎热或者运动状态下，使用效果较差。
鉴于此，本发明提出了一种防污抗菌纺织面料及其制备方法用于解决上述技术问题。
发明内容
为了弥补现有技术的不足，解决现有技术中防水防污面料本身透气性较差，且在长时间的使用过程中，磨损程度较大，导致面料的使用寿命较短的问题，本发明提出了一种防污抗菌纺织面料及其制备方法。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：本发明所述的一种防污抗菌纺织面料，包括接触层、吸水层和防护层；所述接触层由涤纶纤维和锦纶纤维按照1:1比例混合纺织而成；所述吸水层由吸水纤维制成；
所述防护层包括基布和防污涂料；所述基布为聚氨酯纤维纺织而成；所述防污涂料由以下材料构成：
水性聚氨酯乳液12-15份、改性纳米二氧化硅2-3份、乳化硅油1.2-1.8份、引发剂0.4-0.6份、月桂酸0.3-0.4份、抑菌剂3-4份、去离子水80-90份；
所述防护层的制备方法包括以下步骤：
S1：将聚氨酯橡胶通入纺丝机中，控制纺丝机内温度为180-200℃进行熔融、挤压纺丝制得直径为0.4-0.5mm的聚氨酯纤维细丝，备用；
S2：将乳化硅油、引发剂和月桂酸通入带有加热装置的搅拌器中，控制搅拌器内温度为85-90℃，转速320-480r/min进行高速搅拌，控制高速搅拌时间为50-60min，搅拌完成后将改性纳米二氧化硅通入搅拌器中，持续搅拌5-8min后制得改性剂；
S3：将水性聚氨酯乳液和去离子水通入反应釜中，控制反应釜为温度为95-102℃、转速120-160r/min，并将改性剂以0.5-1份/min的速率缓慢滴加至反应釜内，待改性剂滴加完毕后冷却至常温即制得防污涂料；
S4：将1/3防污涂料与抑菌剂通入长度为1m的容器中混合后加热至65-70℃后，将聚氨酯纤维丝在牵引机的牵引下以2-3m/min的速率缓慢穿过容器，并于脱离容器后使用热风机快速干燥，制得改性纤维丝；
S5：将2-3根改性纤维丝相互搓捻制得防污丝线，将防污丝线进行混纺后即制得基布，将基布通入热压机中，控制热压机压板单侧加热至120-125℃，压力15-20N，压合时间1.5-2S，压制完成后将剩余防污涂料涂布于基布热压一侧，即制得防护层；
现有技术中雨披、雨衣以及防污服多数采用防水面料制成，由于防水面料多数透气性较差，在使用过程中，人体中挥发的汗液沾附在面料内层，容易导致细菌滋生、霉变，同时防水面料多数通过表面的涂层进行隔水，但是由于涂层本身的延展性较差，在长期的使用过程中，随着面料的折叠、摩擦容易导致面料表面涂层产生缝隙，进而导致防水防污性能下降，导致制成的成品雨披使用寿命较短；
本发明通过将防污抑菌面料分为三层，在使用过程中，由吸水性较差的涤纶纤维和锦纶纤维混纺制得接触层，当人体汗液挥发时，汗液多数通过面料的缝隙被内层的吸水层进行吸附，由于吸水层表面沾附有抑菌剂，可以有效地避免面料本身细菌滋生，同时由于吸水层与皮肤之间有接触层，还可以有效地避免汗液被接触层吸收，导致面料在汗水的作用下贴附在皮肤上，导致成品雨衣、雨披在使用时体验感较差，同时，防护层的制备过程中，首先将部分防污涂料裹附于纤维丝上，并将纤维丝进行搓捻成防污丝线，防污丝线在制成成品后通过单面热压合，可以有效地使基布本身便具备较强的防水、防污性，同时将剩余的防污涂料涂布于基布表面，进而使制得的防护层在长时间的使用过程中，涂层与基布之间的结合效果较强，同时由于双层防污的效果还可以有效地使制得的防污面料使用寿命较长，同时将抑菌剂与防污涂料进行结合，利用涂料的粘连性对聚氨酯纤维细丝进行改性，可以有效地使制得的防污抑菌面料的抑菌效果维持的时间更长。
优选的，所述抑菌剂为薄荷油、黏土、艾草和花椒壳按照1:8:3:1的比例制得，将艾草与花椒壳粉碎后进行燃烧，收集燃烧产生的烟气，并将黏土置于烟气中熏制0.5-0.8H，熏制完成后将薄荷油滴加于黏土中，并将黏土通入球磨机中，经粉碎为0.1-0.15mm的微粒后即制得抑菌剂；
工作时，艾草与花椒壳本身燃烧后的烟雾具备对细菌较强的杀伤效果，而黏土本身具备较强的吸附性，使用艾草与花椒壳燃烧产生的烟雾对黏土进行熏制，有效地使黏土将艾草与花椒壳燃烧的烟雾进行吸附，使黏土具备杀菌、抑菌效果，同时燃烧产生的烟雾还具备热量，可以对黏土进行干燥，在熏制过后，使用具备抑菌效果的薄荷油对黏土的味道进行中和，对花椒壳的辛辣味道进行中和后，将黏土碾磨呈微小的颗粒后便于抑菌剂在防污涂料的扩散，同时有效地配合防污涂料对聚氨酯纤维细线进行改性，使制得的改性丝线具备杀菌、抑菌效果，进而使制得的面料本身具备较为长效的抑菌效果。
优选的，所述吸水纤维为聚丙烯中空纤维；所述吸水纤维为聚丙烯通入喷丝机中，通过圆弧狭缝式喷丝板经熔融纺丝技术制备的三维卷曲中空纤维；所述吸水纤维在喷丝制备过程中向其表面喷洒碳粉；所述碳粉为竹炭粉和花椒粉相互混合研磨制得的粉末；
工作时，通过使用喷丝技术，将聚丙烯纤维制备成中空纤维，进而利用中空纤维的中空增强纤维的吸水性能，同时由于碳粉的添加，可以在增强吸水层本身的吸附性能的同时增强吸水层的净化效果，有效地避免汗液在吸水层中产生细菌，同时喷丝技术制成的吸水层本身空隙含量较大，进而使制得的吸水层吸附性强、弹性好。
优选的，所述接触层、吸水层和防护层由内至外一侧排列；所述防护层与吸水层相互粘连；所述防护层和吸水层内部共同固连有透气管；所述透气管于吸水层远离防护层一侧、防护层远离吸水层一侧均开口设计；所述透气管均为弹性橡胶管；所述透气管均倾斜向上排布；所述防护层和吸水层之间开设有均匀分布的滑动槽；所述滑动槽内均滑动连接有滑动片；所述滑动片为非弹性布料制成；所述透气管上均缠绕有弹力绳；所述弹力绳两端分别固连于相邻两个滑动片上；所述滑动槽一端贯穿吸水层和接触层；所述滑动片通过滑动槽延伸至外界且滑动片位于外界一端固连于接触层上；所述滑动片位于外界一端与接触层呈环形设计；所述滑动槽位于接触层一侧开口处固连有固定扣；所述固定扣为弹簧夹式固定装置；所述接触层与防护层之间固连有均匀分布的贴附囊；所述贴附囊为片状结构体；所述贴附囊远离接触层一侧固连有伸缩囊；所述伸缩囊与贴附囊之间导通设计；所述贴附囊内填充有1/5的酒精溶液；
工作时，由于防污涂层与基布本身的透气性较差，进而导致防护层透气性较差，通过设置透气管，将透气管横跨防护层和吸水层，有效地增强面料内层与外层之间的导通性，在使用过程中，当内层温度较高，环境中水汽较多时，通过按压固定扣，进而使初始状态下拉伸在外界的滑动片受到弹力绳的拉力作用，向滑动槽内部滑动，进而使弹力绳受到的拉力降低，弹力绳拉力降低，导致受弹力绳交叉合拢的透气管导通，进而使面料内层与外层之间相互导通，此时，由于内部的温度较高，贴附囊内的酒精溶液受温度影响挥发增强，进而体积增大，带动伸缩囊伸展，伸展的伸缩囊使接触层和吸水层之间的缝隙变大，人体散发的热量被酒精吸收，可以有效地降温，而吸水层与皮肤之间的距离变大，还能有效地增强挥发的汗液与皮肤的距离，进而增强面料与皮肤之间的舒适度，同时吸水层与接触层之间的空隙变大，有利于面料内层的空气之间进行热交换，进而便于热气向外界散发，避免面料与人体之间的接触不均匀，导致空气流通较差，进而使透气孔不能有效地起到均衡内部温度的作用，有效地增强面料的舒适性。
优选的，所述滑动片位于滑动槽外一端通过均匀分布的压片相互固连；所述压片与接触层之间固连有承接囊；所述承接囊与伸缩囊通过导管导通设计；所述吸水层与接触层材料中均添加有5-10％的磁粉；初始状态下吸水层与接触层相互吸附，伸缩囊与贴附囊内酒精溶液存储于承接囊内；
工作时，通过磁粉的添加，使接触层与吸水层之间在初始状态相互贴附，进而便于贴附囊与伸缩囊内的酒精溶液通过导管流入承接囊中，当面料内层温度过高时，通过将滑动片向滑动槽内回位，进而使滑动片与接触层之间的承接囊受到压片的压力作用，进而使承接囊内的酒精溶液通过导管流入伸缩囊和贴附囊内，进而有效地使酒精吸热在伸缩囊和贴附囊内膨胀，进而便于增强面料的透气性，同时当环境温度较低时，不松开固定扣，使透气管堵塞，同时由于酒精溶液未受压片压力作用，进而不向贴附囊内流动，进而有效地降低酒精在面料内的分散面积，进而降低酒精吸热的效率。
一种防污抗菌纺织面料的制备方法，所述防污抗菌纺织面料的制备方法包括以下步骤：
A1：于制得的防护层表面均匀开孔，并将透气管固连于防护层表面的孔洞内，将滑动片等间距排列在防护层一侧，并将弹力绳缠绕透气管中端，并将弹力绳两端分别固连于相邻两个滑动片上；
A2：向防护层排列有滑动片一侧表面涂刷粘胶，并使粘胶涂覆位置避开滑动片和透气管，涂覆完毕后将表面开孔的防水层压盖于防护层上，并对防水层表面施加20-25N的均匀压力；
A3：将通过注塑制得的贴附囊固连于接触层一侧，并通过导管将贴附囊与伸缩囊、承接囊固连，并将接触层固连有贴附囊一侧与吸水层之间贴合，将接触层与吸水层、防护层边缘进行热熔压合固连后，将滑动带反向卷曲固连于接触层上，并将压片、固定扣和承接囊固连后即制得防污抗菌纺织面料。
本发明的有益效果如下：
1.本发明所述的一种防污抗菌纺织面料及其制备方法，通过将防污抑菌面料分为三层，在使用过程中，由吸水性较差的涤纶纤维和锦纶纤维混纺制得接触层，当人体汗液挥发时，汗液多数通过面料的缝隙被内层的吸水层进行吸附，由于吸水层表面沾附有抑菌剂，可以有效地避免面料本身细菌滋生，同时由于吸水层与皮肤之间有接触层，还可以有效地避免汗液被接触层吸收，导致面料在汗水的作用下贴附在皮肤上，导致成品雨衣、雨披在使用时体验感较差。
2.本发明所述的一种防污抗菌纺织面料及其制备方法，通过按压固定扣，进而使初始状态下拉伸在外界的滑动片受到弹力绳的拉力作用，向滑动槽内部滑动，进而使弹力绳受到的拉力降低，弹力绳拉力降低，导致受弹力绳交叉合拢的透气管导通，进而使面料内层与外层之间相互导通，此时，由于内部的温度较高，贴附囊内的酒精溶液受温度影响挥发增强，进而体积增大，带动伸缩囊伸展，伸展的伸缩囊使接触层和吸水层之间的缝隙变大，人体散发的热量被酒精吸收，可以有效地降温。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。
图1是本发明的方法流程图；
图2是防护层的制备方法的方法流程图；
图3是防污抑菌面料的主视图；
图4是图3中A处的局部放大图；
图中：接触层1、吸水层2、防护层3、透气管4、滑动片5、弹力绳51、固定扣6、贴附囊7、伸缩囊71、压片72、承接囊73。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解，下面结合具体实施方式，进一步阐述本发明。
如图1至图4所示，本发明所述的一种防污抗菌纺织面料，包括接触层1、吸水层2和防护层3；所述接触层1由涤纶纤维和锦纶纤维按照1:1比例混合纺织而成；所述吸水层2由吸水纤维制成；
所述防护层3包括基布和防污涂料；所述基布为聚氨酯纤维纺织而成；所述防污涂料由以下材料构成：
水性聚氨酯乳液12-15份、改性纳米二氧化硅2-3份、乳化硅油1.2-1.8份、引发剂0.4-0.6份、月桂酸0.3-0.4份、抑菌剂3-4份、去离子水80-90份；
所述防护层3的制备方法包括以下步骤：
S1：将聚氨酯橡胶通入纺丝机中，控制纺丝机内温度为180-200℃进行熔融、挤压纺丝制得直径为0.4-0.5mm的聚氨酯纤维细丝，备用；
S2：将乳化硅油、引发剂和月桂酸通入带有加热装置的搅拌器中，控制搅拌器内温度为85-90℃，转速320-480r/min进行高速搅拌，控制高速搅拌时间为50-60min，搅拌完成后将改性纳米二氧化硅通入搅拌器中，持续搅拌5-8min后制得改性剂；
S3：将水性聚氨酯乳液和去离子水通入反应釜中，控制反应釜为温度为95-102℃、转速120-160r/min，并将改性剂以0.5-1份/min的速率缓慢滴加至反应釜内，待改性剂滴加完毕后冷却至常温即制得防污涂料；
S4：将1/3防污涂料与抑菌剂通入长度为1m的容器中混合后加热至65-70℃后，将聚氨酯纤维丝在牵引机的牵引下以2-3m/min的速率缓慢穿过容器，并于脱离容器后使用热风机快速干燥，制得改性纤维丝；
S5：将2-3根改性纤维丝相互搓捻制得防污丝线，将防污丝线进行混纺后即制得基布，将基布通入热压机中，控制热压机压板单侧加热至120-125℃，压力15-20N，压合时间1.5-2S，压制完成后将剩余防污涂料涂布于基布热压一侧，即制得防护层3；
现有技术中雨披、雨衣以及防污服多数采用防水面料制成，由于防水面料多数透气性较差，在使用过程中，人体中挥发的汗液沾附在面料内层，容易导致细菌滋生、霉变，同时防水面料多数通过表面的涂层进行隔水，但是由于涂层本身的延展性较差，在长期的使用过程中，随着面料的折叠、摩擦容易导致面料表面涂层产生缝隙，进而导致防水防污性能下降，导致制成的成品雨披使用寿命较短；
本发明工作时通过将防污抑菌面料分为三层，在使用过程中，由吸水性较差的涤纶纤维和锦纶纤维混纺制得接触层1，当人体汗液挥发时，汗液多数通过面料的缝隙被内层的吸水层2进行吸附，由于吸水层2表面沾附有抑菌剂，可以有效地避免面料本身细菌滋生，同时由于吸水层2与皮肤之间有接触层1，还可以有效地避免汗液被接触层1吸收，导致面料在汗水的作用下贴附在皮肤上，导致成品雨衣、雨披在使用时体验感较差，同时，防护层3的制备过程中，首先将部分防污涂料裹附于纤维丝上，并将纤维丝进行搓捻成防污丝线，防污丝线在制成成品后通过单面热压合，可以有效地使基布本身便具备较强的防水、防污性，同时将剩余的防污涂料涂布于基布表面，进而使制得的防护层3在长时间的使用过程中，涂层与基布之间的结合效果较强，同时由于双层防污的效果还可以有效地使制得的防污面料使用寿命较长，同时将抑菌剂与防污涂料进行结合，利用涂料的粘连性对聚氨酯纤维细丝进行改性，可以有效地使制得的防污抑菌面料的抑菌效果维持的时间更长。
作为本发明的一种实施方式，所述抑菌剂为薄荷油、黏土、艾草和花椒壳按照1:8:3:1的比例制得，将艾草与花椒壳粉碎后进行燃烧，收集燃烧产生的烟气，并将黏土置于烟气中熏制0.5-0.8H，熏制完成后将薄荷油滴加于黏土中，并将黏土通入球磨机中，经粉碎为0.1-0.15mm的微粒后即制得抑菌剂；
工作时，艾草与花椒壳本身燃烧后的烟雾具备对细菌较强的杀伤效果，而黏土本身具备较强的吸附性，使用艾草与花椒壳燃烧产生的烟雾对黏土进行熏制，有效地使黏土将艾草与花椒壳燃烧的烟雾进行吸附，使黏土具备杀菌、抑菌效果，同时燃烧产生的烟雾还具备热量，可以对黏土进行干燥，在熏制过后，使用具备抑菌效果的薄荷油对黏土的味道进行中和，对花椒壳的辛辣味道进行中和后，将黏土碾磨呈微小的颗粒后便于抑菌剂在防污涂料的扩散，同时有效地配合防污涂料对聚氨酯纤维细线进行改性，使制得的改性丝线具备杀菌、抑菌效果，进而使制得的面料本身具备较为长效的抑菌效果。
作为本发明的一种实施方式，所述吸水纤维为聚丙烯中空纤维；所述吸水纤维为聚丙烯通入喷丝机中，通过圆弧狭缝式喷丝板经熔融纺丝技术制备的三维卷曲中空纤维；所述吸水纤维在喷丝制备过程中向其表面喷洒碳粉；所述碳粉为竹炭粉和花椒粉相互混合研磨制得的粉末；
工作时，通过使用喷丝技术，将聚丙烯纤维制备成中空纤维，进而利用中空纤维的中空增强纤维的吸水性能，同时由于碳粉的添加，可以在增强吸水层2本身的吸附性能的同时增强吸水层2的净化效果，有效地避免汗液在吸水层2中产生细菌，同时喷丝技术制成的吸水层2本身空隙含量较大，进而使制得的吸水层2吸附性强、弹性好。
作为本发明的一种实施方式，所述接触层1、吸水层2和防护层3由内至外一侧排列；所述防护层3与吸水层2相互粘连；所述防护层3和吸水层2内部共同固连有透气管4；所述透气管4于吸水层2远离防护层3一侧、防护层3远离吸水层2一侧均开口设计；所述透气管4均为弹性橡胶管；所述透气管4均倾斜向上排布；所述防护层3和吸水层2之间开设有均匀分布的滑动槽；所述滑动槽内均滑动连接有滑动片5；所述滑动片5为非弹性布料制成；所述透气管4上均缠绕有弹力绳51；所述弹力绳51两端分别固连于相邻两个滑动片5上；所述滑动槽一端贯穿吸水层2和接触层1；所述滑动片5通过滑动槽延伸至外界且滑动片5位于外界一端固连于接触层1上；所述滑动片5位于外界一端与接触层1呈环形设计；所述滑动槽位于接触层1一侧开口处固连有固定扣6；所述固定扣6为弹簧夹式固定装置；所述接触层1与防护层3之间固连有均匀分布的贴附囊7；所述贴附囊7为片状结构体；所述贴附囊7远离接触层1一侧固连有伸缩囊71；所述伸缩囊71与贴附囊7之间导通设计；所述贴附囊7内填充有1/5的酒精溶液；
工作时，由于防污涂层与基布本身的透气性较差，进而导致防护层3透气性较差，通过设置透气管4，将透气管4横跨防护层3和吸水层2，有效地增强面料内层与外层之间的导通性，在使用过程中，当内层温度较高，环境中水汽较多时，通过按压固定扣6，进而使初始状态下拉伸在外界的滑动片5受到弹力绳51的拉力作用，向滑动槽内部滑动，进而使弹力绳51受到的拉力降低，弹力绳51拉力降低，导致受弹力绳51交叉合拢的透气管4导通，进而使面料内层与外层之间相互导通，此时，由于内部的温度较高，贴附囊7内的酒精溶液受温度影响挥发增强，进而体积增大，带动伸缩囊71伸展，伸展的伸缩囊71使接触层1和吸水层2之间的缝隙变大，人体散发的热量被酒精吸收，可以有效地降温，而吸水层2与皮肤之间的距离变大，还能有效地增强挥发的汗液与皮肤的距离，进而增强面料与皮肤之间的舒适度，同时吸水层2与接触层1之间的空隙变大，有利于面料内层的空气之间进行热交换，进而便于热气向外界散发，避免面料与人体之间的接触不均匀，导致空气流通较差，进而使透气孔不能有效地起到均衡内部温度的作用，有效地增强面料的舒适性。
作为本发明的一种实施方式，所述滑动片5位于滑动槽外一端通过均匀分布的压片72相互固连；所述压片72与接触层1之间固连有承接囊73；所述承接囊73与伸缩囊71通过导管导通设计；所述吸水层2与接触层1材料中均添加有5-10％的磁粉；初始状态下吸水层2与接触层1相互吸附，伸缩囊71与贴附囊7内酒精溶液存储于承接囊73内；
工作时，通过磁粉的添加，使接触层1与吸水层2之间在初始状态相互贴附，进而便于贴附囊7与伸缩囊71内的酒精溶液通过导管流入承接囊73中，当面料内层温度过高时，通过将滑动片5向滑动槽内回位，进而使滑动片5与接触层1之间的承接囊73受到压片72的压力作用，进而使承接囊73内的酒精溶液通过导管流入伸缩囊71和贴附囊7内，进而有效地使酒精吸热在伸缩囊71和贴附囊7内膨胀，进而便于增强面料的透气性，同时当环境温度较低时，不松开固定扣6，使透气管4堵塞，同时由于酒精溶液未受压片72压力作用，进而不向贴附囊7内流动，进而有效地降低酒精在面料内的分散面积，进而降低酒精吸热的效率。
一种防污抗菌纺织面料的制备方法，所述防污抗菌纺织面料的制备方法包括以下步骤：
A1：于制得的防护层3表面均匀开孔，并将透气管4固连于防护层3表面的孔洞内，将滑动片5等间距排列在防护层3一侧，并将弹力绳51缠绕透气管4中端，并将弹力绳51两端分别固连于相邻两个滑动片5上；
A2：向防护层3排列有滑动片5一侧表面涂刷粘胶，并使粘胶涂覆位置避开滑动片5和透气管4，涂覆完毕后将表面开孔的防水层压盖于防护层3上，并对防水层表面施加20-25N的均匀压力；
A3：将通过注塑制得的贴附囊7固连于接触层1一侧，并通过导管将贴附囊7与伸缩囊71、承接囊73固连，并将接触层1固连有贴附囊7一侧与吸水层2之间贴合，将接触层1与吸水层2、防护层3边缘进行热熔压合固连后，将滑动带反向卷曲固连于接触层1上，并将压片72、固定扣6和承接囊73固连后即制得防污抗菌纺织面料。
具体工作流程如下：
工作时通过将防污抑菌面料分为三层，在使用过程中，由吸水性较差的涤纶纤维和锦纶纤维混纺制得接触层1，当人体汗液挥发时，汗液多数通过面料的缝隙被内层的吸水层2进行吸附，由于吸水层2表面沾附有抑菌剂，可以有效地避免面料本身细菌滋生，同时由于吸水层2与皮肤之间有接触层1，还可以有效地避免汗液被接触层1吸收，导致面料在汗水的作用下贴附在皮肤上，导致成品雨衣、雨披在使用时体验感较差，同时，防护层3的制备过程中，首先将部分防污涂料裹附于纤维丝上，并将纤维丝进行搓捻成防污丝线，防污丝线在制成成品后通过单面热压合，可以有效地使基布本身便具备较强的防水、防污性，同时将剩余的防污涂料涂布于基布表面，进而使制得的防护层3在长时间的使用过程中，涂层与基布之间的结合效果较强，同时由于双层防污的效果还可以有效地使制得的防污面料使用寿命较长，同时将抑菌剂与防污涂料进行结合，利用涂料的粘连性对聚氨酯纤维细丝进行改性，可以有效地使制得的防污抑菌面料的抑菌效果维持的时间更长。
为了验证本发明制备的防污抑菌面料的使用效果，特设立以下几组实验用于验证；
实施例1
所述防污抑菌面料包括接触层和防护层；所述所述接触层由涤纶纤维和锦纶纤维按照1:1比例混合纺织而成；所述防护层由以下原料构成：
聚氨酯纤维20份、水性聚氨酯乳液12份、改性纳米二氧化硅2份、乳化硅油1.2份、引发剂0.4份、月桂酸0.3份、抑菌剂3份、去离子水80份；
将乳化硅油、引发剂和月桂酸通入带有加热装置的搅拌器中，控制搅拌器内温度为85-90℃，转速320-480r/min进行高速搅拌，控制高速搅拌时间为50-60min，搅拌完成后将改性纳米二氧化硅通入搅拌器中，持续搅拌5-8min后制得改性剂，将水性聚氨酯乳液和去离子水、抑菌剂通入反应釜中，控制反应釜为温度为95-102℃、转速120-160r/min，并将改性剂以0.5-1份/min的速率缓慢滴加至反应釜内，待改性剂滴加完毕后冷却至常温即制得防污涂料，将防污涂料涂覆于聚氨酯纤维纺织而成的基布上，即制得防污抑菌面料，使用防污抑菌面料甲裁制成6个常规雨披，并编号甲1、甲2、甲3、甲4、甲5、甲6，选择6名身高体重均相似的男性穿上常规雨披，使甲1至甲3于23℃的雨季环境中持续行走1H，甲4至甲5于3℃的雨季环境中持续站立1H，并分别于及时结束后测试雨披随机五点的温度与湿度，取平均值后输出表格；
表1
实施例2
所述防污抑菌面料包括接触层、吸水层和防护层；所述接触层由涤纶纤维和锦纶纤维按照1:1比例混合纺织而成；所述吸水层由聚丙烯通入喷丝机中，通过圆弧狭缝式喷丝板经熔融纺丝技术进行喷丝，在喷丝制备过程中向其表面喷洒碳粉，制得纤维丝，将纤维丝进行纺织后制得吸水层；
所述防护层包括基布和防污涂料；所述基布为聚氨酯纤维纺织而成；所述防污涂料由以下材料构成：
聚氨酯纤维20份、水性聚氨酯乳液12份、改性纳米二氧化硅2份、乳化硅油1.2份、引发剂0.4份、月桂酸0.3份、抑菌剂3份、去离子水80份；
将乳化硅油、引发剂和月桂酸通入带有加热装置的搅拌器中，控制搅拌器内温度为85-90℃，转速320-480r/min进行高速搅拌，控制高速搅拌时间为50-60min，搅拌完成后将改性纳米二氧化硅通入搅拌器中，持续搅拌5-8min后制得改性剂，将水性聚氨酯乳液和去离子水、抑菌剂通入反应釜中，控制反应釜为温度为95-102℃、转速120-160r/min，并将改性剂以0.5-1份/min的速率缓慢滴加至反应釜内，待改性剂滴加完毕后冷却至常温即制得防污涂料，将1/3防污涂料与抑菌剂通入长度为1m的容器中混合后加热至65-70℃后，将聚氨酯纤维丝在牵引机的牵引下以2-3m/min的速率缓慢穿过容器，并于脱离容器后使用热风机快速干燥，制得改性纤维丝，将2-3根改性纤维丝相互搓捻制得防污丝线，将防污丝线进行混纺后即制得基布，将基布通入热压机中，控制热压机压板单侧加热至120-125℃，压力15-20N，压合时间1.5-2S，压制完成后将剩余防污涂料涂布于基布热压一侧，即制得防护层，将防护层与吸水层和贴附层一侧压合后制得防污抑菌面料，使用防污抑菌面料乙裁制成6个常规雨披，并编号乙1、乙2、乙3、乙4、乙5、乙6，选择6名身高体重均相似的男性穿上常规雨披，使乙1至乙3于23℃的雨季环境中持续行走1H，乙4至乙5于3℃的雨季环境中持续站立1H，并分别于及时结束后测试雨披随机五点的温度与湿度，取平均值后输出表格；
表2
实施例3
所述防污抑菌面料包括接触层、吸水层和防护层；所述接触层由涤纶纤维和锦纶纤维按照1:1比例混合纺织而成；所述吸水层由聚丙烯通入喷丝机中，通过圆弧狭缝式喷丝板经熔融纺丝技术进行喷丝，在喷丝制备过程中向其表面喷洒碳粉，制得纤维丝，将纤维丝进行纺织后制得吸水层；
所述防护层包括基布和防污涂料；所述基布为聚氨酯纤维纺织而成；所述防污涂料由以下材料构成：
聚氨酯纤维20份、水性聚氨酯乳液12份、改性纳米二氧化硅2份、乳化硅油1.2份、引发剂0.4份、月桂酸0.3份、抑菌剂3份、去离子水80份；
将乳化硅油、引发剂和月桂酸通入带有加热装置的搅拌器中，控制搅拌器内温度为85-90℃，转速320-480r/min进行高速搅拌，控制高速搅拌时间为50-60min，搅拌完成后将改性纳米二氧化硅通入搅拌器中，持续搅拌5-8min后制得改性剂，将水性聚氨酯乳液和去离子水、抑菌剂通入反应釜中，控制反应釜为温度为95-102℃、转速120-160r/min，并将改性剂以0.5-1份/min的速率缓慢滴加至反应釜内，待改性剂滴加完毕后冷却至常温即制得防污涂料，将1/3防污涂料与抑菌剂通入长度为1m的容器中混合后加热至65-70℃后，将聚氨酯纤维丝在牵引机的牵引下以2-3m/min的速率缓慢穿过容器，并于脱离容器后使用热风机快速干燥，制得改性纤维丝，将2-3根改性纤维丝相互搓捻制得防污丝线，将防污丝线进行混纺后即制得基布，将基布通入热压机中，控制热压机压板单侧加热至120-125℃，压力15-20N，压合时间1.5-2S，压制完成后将剩余防污涂料涂布于基布热压一侧，即制得防护层，于制得的防护层表面均匀开孔，并将透气管固连于防护层表面的孔洞内，将滑动片等间距排列在防护层一侧，并将弹力绳缠绕透气管中端，并将弹力绳两端分别固连于相邻两个滑动片上，向防护层排列有滑动片一侧表面涂刷粘胶，并使粘胶涂覆位置避开滑动片和透气管，涂覆完毕后将表面开孔的防水层压盖于防护层上，并对防水层表面施加20-25N的均匀压力，将通过注塑制得的贴附囊固连于接触层一侧，并通过导管将贴附囊与伸缩囊、承接囊固连，并将接触层固连有贴附囊一侧与吸水层之间贴合，将接触层与吸水层、防护层边缘进行热熔压合固连后，将滑动带反向卷曲固连于接触层上，并将压片、固定扣和承接囊固连后即制得防污抗菌纺织面料使用防污抑菌面料丙裁制成6个常规雨披，并编号丙1、丙2、丙3、丙4、丙5、丙6，选择6名身高体重均相似的男性穿上常规雨披，使丙1至丙3于23℃的雨季环境中持续行走1H，丙4至丙5于3℃的雨季环境中持续站立1H，并分别于及时结束后测试雨披随机五点的温度与湿度，取平均值后输出表格；
表3
根据上述三组以上实验数据进行对比，通过实施例1和实施例2得知，使用本发明所述配方和方法制备的防污抑菌面料在使用时具备较强的吸湿性和降温效果，但是面料内外两侧的导通性能没有提升，通过实施例2和实施例3进行对比得知，使用本发明的所述配方、方法以及结构制备的防污抑菌面料在使用时具备较强的吸湿性和降温效果，同时可以根据天气的温度进行调节，进而使面料的内层和外层的导通性可以自由调节，进而使制得的防污抑菌面料在使用时舒适度更强。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims (4)

1.一种防污抗菌纺织面料，其特征在于：包括接触层(1)、吸水层(2)和防护层(3)；所述接触层(1)由涤纶纤维和锦纶纤维按照1:1比例混合纺织而成；所述吸水层(2)由吸水纤维制成；
所述防护层(3)包括基布和防污涂料；所述基布为聚氨酯纤维纺织而成；所述防污涂料由以下材料构成：
水性聚氨酯乳液12-15份、改性纳米二氧化硅2-3份、乳化硅油1.2-1.8份、引发剂0.4-0.6份、月桂酸0.3-0.4份、抑菌剂3-4份、去离子水80-90份；
所述防护层(3)的制备方法包括以下步骤：
S1：将聚氨酯橡胶通入纺丝机中，控制纺丝机内温度为180-200℃进行熔融、挤压纺丝制得直径为0.4-0.5mm的聚氨酯纤维细丝，备用；
S2：将乳化硅油、引发剂和月桂酸通入带有加热装置的搅拌器中，控制搅拌器内温度为85-90℃，转速320-480r/min进行高速搅拌，控制高速搅拌时间为50-60min，搅拌完成后将改性纳米二氧化硅通入搅拌器中，持续搅拌5-8min后制得改性剂；
S3：将水性聚氨酯乳液和去离子水通入反应釜中，控制反应釜为温度为95-102℃、转速120-160r/min，并将改性剂以0.5-1份/min的速率缓慢滴加至反应釜内，待改性剂滴加完毕后冷却至常温即制得防污涂料；
S4：将1/3防污涂料与抑菌剂通入长度为1m的容器中混合后加热至65-70℃后，将聚氨酯纤维丝在牵引机的牵引下以2-3m/min的速率缓慢穿过容器，并于脱离容器后使用热风机快速干燥，制得改性纤维丝；
S5：将2-3根改性纤维丝相互搓捻制得防污丝线，将防污丝线进行混纺后即制得基布，将基布通入热压机中，控制热压机压板单侧加热至120-125℃，压力15-20N，压合时间1.5-2S，压制完成后将剩余防污涂料涂布于基布热压一侧，即制得防护层(3)；
所述接触层(1)、吸水层(2)和防护层(3)由内至外一侧排列；所述防护层(3)与吸水层(2)相互粘连；所述防护层(3)和吸水层(2)内部共同固连有透气管(4)；所述透气管(4)于吸水层(2)远离防护层(3)一侧、防护层(3)远离吸水层(2)一侧均开口设计；所述透气管(4)均为弹性橡胶管；所述透气管(4)均倾斜向上排布；所述防护层(3)和吸水层(2)之间开设有均匀分布的滑动槽；所述滑动槽内均滑动连接有滑动片(5)；所述滑动片(5)为非弹性布料制成；所述透气管(4)上均缠绕有弹力绳(51)；所述弹力绳(51)两端分别固连于相邻两个滑动片(5)上；所述滑动槽一端贯穿吸水层(2)和接触层(1)；所述滑动片(5)通过滑动槽延伸至外界且滑动片(5)位于外界一端固连于接触层(1)上；所述滑动片(5)位于外界一端与接触层(1)呈环形设计；所述滑动槽位于接触层(1)一侧开口处固连有固定扣(6)；所述固定扣(6)为弹簧夹式固定装置；所述接触层(1)与防护层(3)之间固连有均匀分布的贴附囊(7)；所述贴附囊(7)为片状结构体；所述贴附囊(7)远离接触层(1)一侧固连有伸缩囊(71)；所述伸缩囊(71)与贴附囊(7)之间导通设计；所述贴附囊(7)内填充有1/5的酒精溶液；
所述滑动片(5)位于滑动槽外一端通过均匀分布的压片(72)相互固连；所述压片(72)与接触层(1)之间固连有承接囊(73)；所述承接囊(73)与伸缩囊(71)通过导管导通设计；所述吸水层(2)与接触层(1)材料中均添加有5-10％的磁粉；初始状态下吸水层(2)与接触层(1)相互吸附，伸缩囊(71)与贴附囊(7)内酒精溶液存储于承接囊(73)内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种防污抗菌纺织面料，其特征在于：所述抑菌剂为薄荷油、黏土、艾草和花椒壳按照1:8:3:1的比例制得，将艾草与花椒壳粉碎后进行燃烧，收集燃烧产生的烟气，并将黏土置于烟气中熏制0.5-0.8H，熏制完成后将薄荷油滴加于黏土中，并将黏土通入球磨机中，经粉碎为0.1-0.15mm的微粒后即制得抑菌剂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种防污抗菌纺织面料，其特征在于：所述吸水纤维为聚丙烯中空纤维；所述吸水纤维为聚丙烯通入喷丝机中，通过圆弧狭缝式喷丝板经熔融纺丝技术制备的三维卷曲中空纤维；所述吸水纤维在喷丝制备过程中向其表面喷洒碳粉；所述碳粉为竹炭粉和花椒粉相互混合研磨制得的粉末。
4.一种防污抗菌纺织面料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述防污抗菌纺织面料的制备方法适用于权利要求1-3任意一项所述的防污抗菌纺织面料；所述防污抗菌纺织面料的制备方法包括以下步骤：
A1：于制得的防护层(3)表面均匀开孔，并将透气管(4)固连于防护层(3)表面的孔洞内，将滑动片(5)等间距排列在防护层(3)一侧，并将弹力绳(51)缠绕透气管(4)中端，并将弹力绳(51)两端分别固连于相邻两个滑动片(5)上；
A2：向防护层(3)排列有滑动片(5)一侧表面涂刷粘胶，并使粘胶涂覆位置避开滑动片(5)和透气管(4)，涂覆完毕后将表面开孔的防水层压盖于防护层(3)上，并对防水层表面施加20-25N的均匀压力；
A3：将通过注塑制得的贴附囊(7)固连于接触层(1)一侧，并通过导管将贴附囊(7)与伸缩囊(71)、承接囊(73)固连，并将接触层(1)固连有贴附囊(7)一侧与吸水层(2)之间贴合，将接触层(1)与吸水层(2)、防护层(3)边缘进行热熔压合固连后，将滑动带反向卷曲固连于接触层(1)上，并将压片(72)、固定扣(6)和承接囊(73)固连后即制得防污抗菌纺织面料。
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