CN114097702A - Bionic breeding method for local chickens - Google Patents

Bionic breeding method for local chickens Download PDF

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CN114097702A
CN114097702A CN202010913812.0A CN202010913812A CN114097702A CN 114097702 A CN114097702 A CN 114097702A CN 202010913812 A CN202010913812 A CN 202010913812A CN 114097702 A CN114097702 A CN 114097702A
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feeding
chicken
feed
chickens
chicks
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龚雅丽
赵鹏
唐欣
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Shaanxi Guobang Agricultural Development Co ltd
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Shaanxi Guobang Agricultural Development Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
    • A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/174—Vitamins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/22—Compounds of alkali metals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/28—Silicates, e.g. perlites, zeolites or bentonites
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
    • A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Botany (AREA)
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  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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  • Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)

Abstract

A bionic breeding method for local chickens comprises the steps of selecting high-quality chicks, managing a chicken farm, managing brooding, feeding the cocks and feeding laying hens, wherein the mass ratio of the compound feed of the chicks is as follows: 53.2 parts of corn flour, 8 parts of bran, 22 parts of bean cake powder, 6 parts of rapeseed cake powder, 6 parts of fish meal, 2 parts of bone meal, 2 parts of shell powder, 0.5 part of multivitamin and 0.3 part of salt: the mass ratio of the laying hen feed is as follows: corn flour 62, wheat flour 17, bean cake powder 12, fish meal 4, talcum powder 1, shell powder 2.6, auxin 0.5, multivitamin 0.5 and salt 0.4. The method for breeding the local chickens has the advantages of strong disease resistance, fast growth, high laying rate, low feed-egg ratio and feeding cost reduction.

Description

Bionic breeding method for local chickens
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of breeding, and particularly relates to a bionic breeding method for local chickens.
Background
The local chicken produced by the ecological free-range local chicken is very good in meat quality, is deeply loved by consumers, and is high in price and stable in market. The method has the advantages that the method utilizes the spacious space in front of and behind houses in vast rural mountainous areas to carry out the bulk breeding, and has higher economic benefit. A bionic breeding method for local chickens is a breeding method which utilizes the advantages of natural green grass, insects, earthworms, grass seeds and the like such as grassland slopes, forest lands and the like, has the characteristics of good isolation conditions, less disease occurrence, high survival rate and less investment, and utilizes the characteristics of lively and active local chickens and strong foraging capacity to obtain required partial green feed and protein feed from nature, thereby reducing the breeding cost and improving the economic benefit of chicken breeding. However, the original traditional feeding method has extensive management and large requirement on the area of the field, which causes the phenomena of slow growth, low feed-egg ratio and low laying rate of local chickens.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a bionic breeding method for local chickens, which adopts the technical scheme that the bionic breeding method comprises the following steps:
a bionic breeding method of local chickens comprises the following steps:
(1) selectively purchasing high-quality chicks
The chick breeding method selects the chick with the characteristics of fast growth, high laying rate, good egg quality, rough feeding resistance and strong disease resistance, and is suitable for stocking.
(2) Management of chicken farms
And (2.1) the construction of the chicken farm meets the social and natural conditions of the selection of the chicken farm site.
(2.2) strictly performing the sterilization procedure. Disinfecting the periphery of the chicken house for 1 time every 2-3 weeks, and disinfecting a sewage pool, a defecation pit and a sewer outlet in the chicken house for 1 time every 1-2 months. A disinfection pond is arranged at the inlet and outlet of the chicken farm and the henhouse, and the disinfectant is replaced 1 time per week. The chicken carrying disinfection is carried out in the henhouse regularly, normally 1 time per week, 1 time per week in case of diseases, and the chicken carrying disinfection is not carried out before, during and 3 days after immunization. The chicken house is cleaned, washed, soaked in liquid medicine, fumigated and disinfected thoroughly after being emptied. The chicken can be fed after being idle for at least 2 weeks after disinfection. Fumigating and sterilizing for 1 time 5 days before chicken feeding. The apparatus such as the egg box, the egg tray, the feeder and the like is cleaned, fumigated and disinfected regularly. Visitors are strictly prohibited from entering the field and the house. Workers enter a production area to change clothes and are disinfected by ultraviolet rays, physical examination is performed at regular intervals every year, and infectious disease patients cannot be involved in chicken raising work.
And (2.3) clean channels and dirty channels are arranged in the chicken farm. The clear path is a channel for specially transporting feed and products; the dirty passage is a passage special for transporting chicken manure, dead chickens and garbage. The clean and dirty tracks cannot cross. Dead chickens are timely transported away for burning or deep burying, chicken manure is timely transported to a designated place, and the chicken manure is used as an agricultural fertilizer in a treatment mode of accumulating biological heat or drying and cannot be used as feed of other animals.
(2.4) the ventilation opening of the henhouse is provided with a screen window or a wire netting for preventing birds and beasts from entering. An elastic plastic net or a bamboo-woven net is arranged in the small henhouse, the diameter of a mesh is 1 cm, and the distance between the net and the ground is about 100 cm. If the old house is reconstructed, the light window and the ground window are exploited in front and at the back. The lighting window is 150 cm from the ground, and the ground window is 20 cm from the ground.
Killing the rats regularly, putting the raticide at regular time and fixed point, collecting dead rats and residual raticide in time, and performing harmless treatment.
(2.5) feeding in all and all out. The whole-in and whole-out system is that the same chicken farm or the same henhouse is fed with the same batch of chickens, unified feed, unified immunization program, unified management measures and simultaneous leaving are adopted, and the whole environment is thoroughly cleaned, cleaned and disinfected after leaving the farm. The whole-in and whole-out breeding can thoroughly cut off the epidemic link of infectious diseases and eliminate pathogens in the chicken coop, thereby ensuring the safe production of the next batch of chickens.
(2.6) the laying hen farm is to keep adult chickens, grown-up chickens and chicks separately, and the equipment, management and breeding personnel are separated.
(2.7) cleaning drinking water. The drinking water of the chicken is in accordance with the national standard. The sensory properties of the product are free from foreign odor and peculiar smell, and are free from visible substances; the pH value is 6.4 to 8.0; bacteriological examination criteria: coli does not exceed 1/100 ml. Before and during the use of the drinking water, water quality analysis and detection are carried out. The drinking water equipment is cleaned and disinfected frequently. A closed water-saving drinking water system is adopted.
And (2.8) selecting high-quality feed. According to the nutritional standard provided by the feeding variety manual, the compound feed meets the pollution-free standard, and no additional toner is added into the feed. The feed for chickens in the laying period and 5 weeks before the laying should not use the medicinal feed additive.
(2.9) standard medication. The medicines used by the laying hens in the early period of chicks and grown-up chickens for preventing and treating diseases meet the national specified NY5040 standard, namely the veterinary medicines allowed to be used for raising pollution-free food laying hens. Stopping taking the medicine at the later stage (7-10 days before egg laying) of the bred chickens. In normal egg production periods, any drug, including herbal and antibiotic drugs, is prohibited. When diseases occur in the egg laying stage and are treated by medicines, the eggs laid by the eggs cannot be sold as commodity eggs in the whole medicine application process.
(2.10) immunization and epidemic detection. According to epidemic prevention law and matching regulation requirements, the method combines local actual conditions to selectively perform vaccination work. Performing conventional epidemic disease detection (highly pathogenic avian influenza, newcastle disease, avian leukemia, white dysentery, typhoid fever, etc.). The prevention of the medicine is preferably controlled by pollution-free medicines such as traditional Chinese medicines, biological products, mineral medicines and the like, and the use of antibiotics, hormones and harmful chemicals is strictly controlled.
And (2.11) collecting and preserving eggs. The egg collecting box and the egg support should be sterilized frequently, and the workers should collect the eggs. Before laying eggs, washing hands and sterilizing. When the eggs are collected, the broken eggs, the soft eggs, the extra-large eggs and the extra-small eggs are stored separately, are not sold as fresh eggs, and can be used for processing egg products. The eggs are not produced to the egg storage for more than 2 hours. And (4) immediately fumigating and disinfecting the eggs by formalin after the eggs are collected, and sending the eggs to an egg bank for storage after the eggs are disinfected. The eggs are to meet hygienic standards. The eggshell is clean and has no damage, the surface of the eggshell is smooth and glossy, the egg shape is normal, and the color of the eggshell accords with the variety characteristics.
(3) Feeding management
(3.1) management of brooding
Grouping and feeding: feeding chicks according to the age of the chicken, the strength, the size and the male and female groups. The chicks enter a brooding room, 50 chicks are separated into a group in each square in the first week, fresh and clean dry straws are paved on the elastic plastic net or the bamboo-woven net, and the grass paving thickness is that the dung of the chicks can fall to the ground from gaps of the straws; in the second week, 40 chicken droppings per square meter are removed, so that the chicken droppings directly fall to the ground through the meshes; the third week was 30 per square meter followed by 10.
Controlling temperature and humidity: the temperature of the chicken house is 30-32 ℃ in the first week, then is reduced by 2.0-2.5 ℃ every week, and is cooled to the natural temperature of 21 ℃; the relative humidity in the henhouse is 60-65 percent;
and (3) illumination control: controlling the illumination intensity of the henhouse to be 32-65 lux, wherein a 4-hour periodic interval illumination method of 1-hour illumination and 3-hour darkness is adopted on the 1 st day of the first week; controlling the illumination for 20-23 hours every day on days 2-14, controlling the illumination for 13-15 hours on days 15-16, and adopting natural illumination after 30 days.
Drinking and boiling: the chicks are fed into the house for 12-15 hours and are fed with warm boiled water or 5% of glucose water to enhance the physique of the chicks and facilitate the discharge of meconium. Growing for 24-28 hours, according to the weight percentage of broken rice: the cooked egg yolk is fed according to the mass ratio of 100: 50, and is fed every 2 hours. And feeding the compound feed for the chicks for 6 times every day on the 3 rd day, and allowing the chicks to be full, so that the young chicks can enter into the bionic breeding until the age of 40 days is reached.
The compound feed for the chicks is prepared by the following method according to the mass ratio:
53.2 parts of corn flour, 8 parts of bran, 22 parts of bean cake powder, 6 parts of rapeseed cake powder, 6 parts of fish meal, 2 parts of bone meal, 2 parts of shell powder, 0.5 part of multivitamin and 0.3 part of salt.
(3.2) feeding rooster
Grouping and feeding: young chickens 41-120 days old can be subjected to bionic breeding. Feeding young chickens according to the age of the young chickens, strength, size and gender of the young chickens.
Feeding the cock: purified water is used, and water is changed every day for feeding; feeding the chickens with the compound feed of the chickens and 20-30% of complete feed, wherein the chickens are fed with the compound feed for 4 times a day and are allowed to be full. The cocks can be marketed after being 100-day-old and 120-day-old. The cocks are continuously raised after 120 days of age, complete feed is adopted, the cocks are not fed in the morning, the cocks are fed with the natural feed for a plurality of activities and a plurality of eating in barren mountain forest land, the cocks are fed for 4 times every day after 11 o' clock at noon, the cocks are fed for 1 time in the morning according to 20 percent of daily food consumption, and the cocks are fed with the natural feed for a plurality of activities and a plurality of eating in the barren mountain forest land; feeding at 10 am-4 pm for 2 times at 30% of daily food intake, and feeding at 50% of daily food intake before house in evening. Let it feel full. The oil residue vegetable oil foot can be added to large and thin chicken for fattening.
(3.3) feeding of layer chickens
Feeding laying hens: purified water is used, and water is changed every day for feeding; before 120 days old, laying hens adopt restricted feeding and feed for 2 times every day, and the proportion of heat energy is properly reduced. Feeding in the morning according to 10% of daily food consumption, and allowing the feed to move more in barren mountain forest land and eat more natural feed; feeding at noon according to 40% of daily food intake; the feed is fed according to 50% of daily food amount before entering a barn at night. When the chicken is 120 days old, the chicken is transferred to an egg laying chicken house for feeding; the protein content in the feed of the laying hens is improved;
the laying hen feed is prepared by adopting the following method according to the mass ratio:
corn flour 62, wheat flour 17, bean cake powder 12, fish meal 4, talcum powder 1, shell powder 2.6, auxin 0.5, multivitamin 0.5 and salt 0.4. When the laying rate is 50-60%, feeding 105-;
when the laying rate is more than 80%, the chickens are allowed to eat the feed without limit. The chickens are placed in barren mountain forest land for free ingestion in the morning; filling sufficient materials and water in the sunshelter at noon; and taking the chickens back to the henhouse to be full at night. In summer, the heatstroke prevention and cooling are needed, the sanitation is well achieved, and sufficient drinking water is provided; the winter protection needs to be kept warm in winter, and cold water is not drunk; the illumination time is 14-16 hours per day.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following obvious technical effects: the method has the advantages of strong disease resistance, rapid growth, high laying rate, low feed-egg ratio, and low raising cost.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments.
Example 1
A bionic breeding method of local chickens comprises the following steps:
(1) selectively purchasing high-quality chicks
The commercial chicks should come from parent generation chicken farms or professional hatching factories which are approved and approved by relevant departments to release 'livestock and poultry production operation licenses'. Selecting active healthy chicks with regular size. Local chicken, Sanhuang chicken, etc. Has the characteristics of small body size, beautiful hair color, coarse feeding resistance and strong disease resistance, and has the characteristics of high laying rate, good egg quality and suitability for stocking.
(2) Management of chicken farms
And (2.1) the construction of the chicken farm meets the social and natural conditions of the selection of the chicken farm site.
(2.2) strictly performing the sterilization procedure. Disinfecting the periphery of the chicken house for 1 time every 2-3 weeks, and disinfecting a sewage pool, a defecation pit and a sewer outlet in the chicken house for 1 time every 1-2 months. A disinfection pond is arranged at the inlet and outlet of the chicken farm and the henhouse, and the disinfectant is replaced 1 time per week. The chicken carrying disinfection is carried out in the henhouse regularly, normally 1 time per week, 1 time per week in case of diseases, and the chicken carrying disinfection is not carried out before, during and 3 days after immunization. The chicken house is cleaned, washed, soaked in liquid medicine, fumigated and disinfected thoroughly after being emptied. The chicken can be fed after being idle for at least 2 weeks after disinfection. Fumigating and sterilizing for 1 time 5 days before chicken feeding. The apparatus such as the egg box, the egg tray, the feeder and the like is cleaned, fumigated and disinfected regularly. Visitors are strictly prohibited from entering the field and the house. Workers enter a production area to change clothes and are disinfected by ultraviolet rays, physical examination is performed at regular intervals every year, and infectious disease patients cannot be involved in chicken raising work.
And (2.3) clean channels and dirty channels are arranged in the chicken farm. The clear path is a channel for specially transporting feed and products; the dirty passage is a passage special for transporting chicken manure, dead chickens and garbage. The clean and dirty tracks cannot cross. Dead chickens are timely transported away for burning or deep burying, chicken manure is timely transported to a designated place, and the chicken manure is used as an agricultural fertilizer in a treatment mode of accumulating biological heat or drying and cannot be used as feed of other animals.
(2.4) the ventilation opening of the henhouse is provided with a screen window or a wire netting for preventing birds and beasts from entering. An elastic plastic net or a bamboo-woven net is arranged in the small henhouse, the diameter of a mesh is 1 cm, and the distance between the net and the ground is about 100 cm. If the old house is reconstructed, the light window and the ground window are exploited in front and at the back. The lighting window is 150 cm from the ground, and the ground window is 20 cm from the ground.
Killing the rats regularly, putting the raticide at regular time and fixed point, collecting dead rats and residual raticide in time, and performing harmless treatment.
(2.5) feeding in all and all out. The whole-in and whole-out system is that the same chicken farm or the same henhouse is fed with the same batch of chickens, unified feed, unified immunization program, unified management measures and simultaneous leaving are adopted, and the whole environment is thoroughly cleaned, cleaned and disinfected after leaving the farm. The whole-in and whole-out breeding can thoroughly cut off the epidemic link of infectious diseases and eliminate pathogens in the chicken coop, thereby ensuring the safe production of the next batch of chickens.
(2.6) the laying hen farm is to keep adult chickens, grown-up chickens and chicks separately, and the equipment, management and breeding personnel are separated.
(2.7) cleaning drinking water. The drinking water of the chicken is in accordance with the national standard. The sensory properties of the product are free from foreign odor and peculiar smell, and are free from visible substances; the pH value is 6.4 to 8.0; bacteriological examination criteria: coli does not exceed 1/100 ml. Before and during the use of the drinking water, water quality analysis and detection are carried out. The drinking water equipment is cleaned and disinfected frequently. A closed water-saving drinking water system is adopted.
And (2.8) selecting high-quality feed. According to the nutritional standard provided by the feeding variety manual, the compound feed meets the pollution-free standard, and no additional toner is added into the feed. The feed for chickens in the laying period and 5 weeks before the laying should not use the medicinal feed additive.
(2.9) standard medication. The medicines used by the laying hens in the early period of chicks and grown-up chickens for preventing and treating diseases meet the national specified NY5040 standard, namely the veterinary medicines allowed to be used for raising pollution-free food laying hens. Stopping taking the medicine at the later stage (7-10 days before egg laying) of the bred chickens. In normal egg production periods, any drug, including herbal and antibiotic drugs, is prohibited. When diseases occur in the egg laying stage and are treated by medicines, the eggs laid by the eggs cannot be sold as commodity eggs in the whole medicine application process.
(2.10) immunization and epidemic detection. According to epidemic prevention law and matching regulation requirements, the method combines local actual conditions to selectively perform vaccination work. Performing conventional epidemic disease detection (highly pathogenic avian influenza, newcastle disease, avian leukemia, white dysentery, typhoid fever, etc.). The prevention of the medicine is preferably controlled by pollution-free medicines such as traditional Chinese medicines, biological products, mineral medicines and the like, and the use of antibiotics, hormones and harmful chemicals is strictly controlled.
And (2.11) collecting and preserving eggs. The egg collecting box and the egg support should be sterilized frequently, and the workers should collect the eggs. Before laying eggs, washing hands and sterilizing. When the eggs are collected, the broken eggs, the soft eggs, the extra-large eggs and the extra-small eggs are stored separately, are not sold as fresh eggs, and can be used for processing egg products. The eggs are not produced to the egg storage for more than 2 hours. And (4) immediately fumigating and disinfecting the eggs by formalin after the eggs are collected, and sending the eggs to an egg bank for storage after the eggs are disinfected. The eggs are to meet hygienic standards. The eggshell is clean and has no damage, the surface of the eggshell is smooth and glossy, the egg shape is normal, and the color of the eggshell accords with the variety characteristics.
(3) Feeding management
(3.1) management of brooding
Grouping and feeding: feeding chicks according to the age of the chicken, the strength, the size and the male and female groups. The chicks enter a brooding room, 50 chicks are separated into a group in each square in the first week, fresh and clean dry straws are paved on the elastic plastic net or the bamboo-woven net, and the grass paving thickness is that the dung of the chicks can fall to the ground from gaps of the straws; in the second week, 40 chicken droppings per square meter are removed, so that the chicken droppings directly fall to the ground through the meshes; the third week was 30 per square meter followed by 10.
Controlling temperature and humidity: the temperature of the chicken house is 30-32 ℃ in the first week, then is reduced by 2.0-2.5 ℃ every week, and is cooled to the natural temperature of 21 ℃; the relative humidity in the henhouse is 60-65 percent;
and (3) illumination control: controlling the illumination intensity of the henhouse to be 32-65 lux, wherein a 4-hour periodic interval illumination method of 1-hour illumination and 3-hour darkness is adopted on the 1 st day of the first week; controlling the illumination for 20-23 hours every day on days 2-14, controlling the illumination for 13-15 hours on days 15-16, and adopting natural illumination after 30 days.
Drinking and boiling: the chicks are fed into the house for 12-15 hours and are fed with warm boiled water or 5% of glucose water to enhance the physique of the chicks and facilitate the discharge of meconium. Growing for 24-28 hours, according to the weight percentage of broken rice: the cooked egg yolk is fed according to the mass ratio of 100: 50, and is fed every 2 hours. And feeding the compound feed for the chicks for 6 times every day on the 3 rd day, and allowing the chicks to be full, so that the young chicks can enter into the bionic breeding until the age of 40 days is reached.
The compound feed for the chicks is prepared by the following method according to the mass ratio:
53.2 parts of corn flour, 8 parts of bran, 22 parts of bean cake powder, 6 parts of rapeseed cake powder, 6 parts of fish meal, 2 parts of bone meal, 2 parts of shell powder, 0.5 part of multivitamin and 0.3 part of salt.
(3.2) feeding rooster
Grouping and feeding: young chickens 41-120 days old can be subjected to bionic breeding. Feeding young chickens according to the age of the young chickens, strength, size and gender of the young chickens.
Feeding the cock: purified water is used, and water is changed every day for feeding; feeding the chickens with the compound feed of the chickens and 20-30% of complete feed, wherein the chickens are fed with the compound feed for 4 times a day and are allowed to be full. The cocks can be marketed after being 100-day-old and 120-day-old. The cocks are continuously raised after 120 days of age, complete feed is adopted, the cocks are not fed in the morning, the cocks are fed with the natural feed for a plurality of activities and a plurality of eating in barren mountain forest land, the cocks are fed for 4 times every day after 11 o' clock at noon, the cocks are fed for 1 time in the morning according to 20 percent of daily food consumption, and the cocks are fed with the natural feed for a plurality of activities and a plurality of eating in the barren mountain forest land; feeding at 10 am-4 pm for 2 times at 30% of daily food intake, and feeding at 50% of daily food intake before house in evening. Let it feel full. The oil residue vegetable oil foot can be added to large and thin chicken for fattening.
(3.3) feeding the laying hens:
feeding laying hens: purified water is used, and water is changed every day for feeding; before 120 days old, laying hens adopt restricted feeding and feed for 2 times every day, and the proportion of heat energy is properly reduced. Feeding in the morning according to 10% of daily food consumption, and allowing the feed to move more in barren mountain forest land and eat more natural feed; feeding at noon according to 40% of daily food intake; the feed is fed according to 50% of daily food amount before entering a barn at night. When the chicken is 120 days old, the chicken is transferred to an egg laying chicken house for feeding; the protein content in the feed of the laying hens is improved;
the laying hen feed is prepared by adopting the following method according to the mass ratio:
corn flour 62, wheat flour 17, bean cake powder 12, fish meal 4, talcum powder 1, shell powder 2.6, auxin 0.5, multivitamin 0.5 and salt 0.4. When the laying rate is 50-60%, feeding 105-;
when the laying rate is more than 80%, the chickens are allowed to eat the feed without limit. The chickens are placed in barren mountain forest land for free ingestion in the morning; filling sufficient materials and water in the sunshelter at noon; and taking the chickens back to the henhouse to be full at night. In summer, the heatstroke prevention and cooling are needed, the sanitation is well achieved, and sufficient drinking water is provided; the winter protection needs to be kept warm in winter, and cold water is not drunk; the illumination time is 14-16 hours per day.
Example 2
In a local chicken feeding experiment, 300 hens are averagely divided into 3 groups by adopting the bionic breeding method of the embodiment 1; the total number of 300, the average was divided into 3 groups, and the difference between the groups was not significant. The average weight of the cock aged 120 days is 1.50-1.80 kg, and the average weight of the cock aged 240 days is 3.50-4.00 kg; the average weight of the hens aged 120 days reaches 1.25-1.5 kg, and the hens are fed with the feed for laying hens for 1 week to lay eggs; the laying rate (egg laying number/total hen number multiplied by 100 percent) reaches over 96 percent, the feed-egg ratio is between 2.0 and 2 and 12, and the utilization rate of the feed is high.
Example 3
A three-yellow chicken feeding test is adopted, the bionic breeding method of the embodiment 1 is adopted, 300 hens are averagely divided into 3 groups; the total number of 300, the average was divided into 3 groups, and the difference between the groups was not significant. The average weight of the cock aged 120 days is 1.40-1.60 kg, and the average weight of the cock aged 240 days is 3.20-3.80 kg; the daily age of the hens is 120 days, the average body weight reaches 1.30-1.60 kg, the hens are fed with the feed for 1 week, and the hens lay eggs; the laying rate (egg laying number/total hen number multiplied by 100 percent) reaches over 96 percent, the feed-egg ratio is between 2.0 and 2.12, and the utilization rate of the feed is high.

Claims (1)

1. A bionic breeding method of local chickens is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selectively purchasing high-quality chicks
Selecting chicks with fast growth, high laying rate, good egg quality, coarse feeding resistance and strong disease resistance, and being suitable for stocking;
(2) management of chicken farms
(2.1) constructing the chicken farm according with social and natural conditions selected by the chicken farm site;
(2.2) strictly performing a sterilization procedure; sterilizing the periphery of the henhouse for 1 time every 2-3 weeks, and sterilizing the periphery of the henhouse for 1 time every 1-2 months; sterilizing ponds are arranged at the entrances and exits of the chicken farms and the henhouses, and sterilizing medicines are replaced for 1 time every week; the chicken carrying disinfection is carried out in the henhouse regularly, normally 1 time per week, 1 time per week under the ill condition, and the chicken carrying disinfection is not carried out before, during and 3 days after immunization; thoroughly cleaning, washing, soaking in liquid medicine, fumigating and disinfecting the chicken house after the chicken house is emptied; the chicken can be fed after being idle for at least 2 weeks after the disinfection; fumigating and sterilizing for 1 time 5 days before chicken feeding; the tools such as the egg box, the egg tray, the feeder and the like are cleaned, fumigated and disinfected at regular intervals; strictly forbidding visitors to enter the field and the house; workers enter a production area to change clothes and are disinfected by ultraviolet rays, physical examination is performed at regular intervals every year, and infectious disease patients cannot be involved in chicken raising work;
(2.3) arranging a clean channel and a dirty channel in the chicken farm; the clear path is a channel for specially transporting feed and products; the dirty passage is a passage special for transporting chicken manure, dead chickens and garbage; the clean track and the dirty track can not be crossed; dead chickens are timely transported away for burning or deep burying, chicken manure is timely transported to a designated place, and the chicken manure is used as an agricultural fertilizer in a treatment mode of accumulating biological heat or drying and cannot be used as feed of other animals;
(2.4) a ventilation opening of the henhouse is provided with a screen window or is provided with a wire netting to prevent birds and animals from entering; an elastic plastic net or a bamboo-woven net is arranged in the small henhouse, the diameter of a mesh is 1 cm, and the distance between the net and the ground is about 100 cm; if the old house is reconstructed, the light window and the ground window are exploited in front and at the back; the distance between the lighting window and the ground is 150 cm, and the distance between the ground window and the ground is 20 cm;
killing rats regularly, putting raticide at regular time and fixed point, collecting dead rats and residual raticide in time, and performing harmless treatment;
(2.5) feeding in all processes and all products; the whole-in and whole-out system means that the same chicken farm or the same henhouse is fed with the same batch of chickens, unified feed, unified immunization program, unified management measures and simultaneous out-of-the-field are adopted, and the whole environment is thoroughly cleaned, cleaned and disinfected after the chickens are out-of-the-field; the whole-in and whole-out breeding can thoroughly cut off the epidemic link of infectious diseases and eliminate pathogens in the chicken coop, thereby ensuring the safe production of the next batch of chickens;
(2.6) adult chickens, grown-up chickens and chicks are separately raised in the laying hen farm, and equipment, management and raising personnel are separated;
(2.7) cleaning drinking water; the drinking water of the chicken is in accordance with the national standard; the sensory properties of the product are free from foreign odor and peculiar smell, and are free from visible substances; the pH value is 6.4 to 8.0; bacteriological examination criteria: escherichia coli is not more than 1 per 100 ml; before and during the use of the drinking water, water quality analysis and detection are carried out; frequently cleaning and disinfecting drinking equipment; a closed water-saving drinking water system is adopted;
(2.8) selecting high-quality feed; the feed of the chickens in the laying period and 5 weeks before the laying should not use the drug feed additive;
(2.9) standard medication; (ii) a
(2.10) immunization and epidemic detection; selectively performing vaccination work; performing conventional epidemic disease detection (highly pathogenic avian influenza, newcastle disease, avian leukemia, white dysentery, typhoid fever, etc.);
(2.11) collecting and preserving eggs;
(3) feeding management
(3.1) management of brooding
Grouping and feeding: feeding chicks according to the age, strength, size, male and female groups; the chicks enter a brooding room, 50 chicks are separated into a group in each square in the first week, fresh and clean dry straws are paved on the elastic plastic net or the bamboo-woven net, and the grass paving thickness is that the dung of the chicks can fall to the ground from gaps of the straws; in the second week, 40 chicken droppings per square meter are removed, so that the chicken droppings directly fall to the ground through the meshes; the third week group is 30 per square meter, followed by 10;
controlling temperature and humidity: the temperature of the chicken house is 30-32 ℃ in the first week, then is reduced by 2.0-2.5 ℃ every week, and is cooled to the natural temperature of 21 ℃; the relative humidity in the henhouse is 60-65 percent;
and (3) illumination control: controlling the illumination intensity of the henhouse to be 32-65 lux, wherein a 4-hour periodic interval illumination method of 1-hour illumination and 3-hour darkness is adopted on the 1 st day of the first week; controlling the illumination for 20-23 hours every day on days 2-14, controlling the illumination for 13-15 hours on days 15-16, and adopting natural illumination after 30 days;
drinking and boiling: feeding the chicks into the house for 12-15 hours, and feeding warm boiled water or 5% of glucose water to enhance the physique of the chicks and facilitate the discharge of meconium; growing for 24-28 hours, according to the weight percentage of broken rice: feeding cooked egg yolk at a mass ratio of 100: 50 once every 2 hours; feeding the compound feed for the chicks for 6 times every day on the 3 rd day, and allowing the chicks to be full, so that the young chicks can enter into the bionic breeding until the age of 40 days is reached;
the compound feed for the chicks is prepared by the following method according to the mass ratio:
53.2 parts of corn flour, 8 parts of bran, 22 parts of bean cake powder, 6 parts of rapeseed cake powder, 6 parts of fish meal, 2 parts of bone meal, 2 parts of shell powder, 0.5 part of multivitamin and 0.3 part of salt;
(3.2) feeding rooster
Grouping and feeding: young chickens of 41-120 days old can enter into the bionic breeding; feeding young chickens according to the age of the young chickens, strength, size and male-female group;
feeding the cock: purified water is used, and water is changed every day for feeding; feeding the chickens with the compound feed of the chickens and 20-30% of complete feed, wherein the chickens are fed with the compound feed for 4 times a day and are allowed to be full; the cocks can be listed after being 100-year-old and 120-day-old; the cocks are continuously raised after 120 days of age, complete feed is adopted, the cocks are not fed in the morning, the cocks are fed with the natural feed for a plurality of activities and a plurality of eating in barren mountain forest land, the cocks are fed for 4 times every day after 11 o' clock at noon, the cocks are fed for 1 time in the morning according to 20 percent of daily food consumption, and the cocks are fed with the natural feed for a plurality of activities and a plurality of eating in the barren mountain forest land; feeding at 10 am-4 pm for 2 times at 30% of daily food intake, and feeding at 50% of daily food intake before entering the barn at night; let it eat fully; adding oil residue vegetable oil foot to large and thin chicken for fattening;
(3.3) feeding of layer chickens
Feeding laying hens: purified water is used, and water is changed every day for feeding; before 120 days old, laying hens adopt limited feeding and feed for 2 times every day, and the proportion of heat energy is properly reduced; feeding in the morning according to 10% of daily food consumption, and allowing the feed to move more in barren mountain forest land and eat more natural feed; feeding at noon according to 40% of daily food intake; feeding the chicken in 50% of daily food amount before entering the house at night; when the chicken is 120 days old, the chicken is transferred to an egg laying chicken house for feeding; the protein content in the feed of the laying hens is improved;
the laying hen feed is prepared by adopting the following method according to the mass ratio:
corn flour 62, wheat flour 17, bean cake powder 12, fish meal 4, talcum powder 1, shell powder 2.6, auxin 0.5, multivitamin 0.5 and salt 0.4; when the laying rate is 50-60%, feeding 105-;
when the laying rate is more than 80%, the chickens are allowed to eat the feed in an unlimited way; the chickens are placed in barren mountain forest land for free ingestion in the morning; filling sufficient materials and water in the sunshelter at noon; the chickens are taken back to the henhouse to be fully fed at night; in summer, the heatstroke prevention and cooling are needed, the sanitation is well achieved, and sufficient drinking water is provided; the winter protection needs to be kept warm in winter, and cold water is not drunk; the illumination time is 14-16 hours per day.
CN202010913812.0A 2020-08-27 2020-08-27 Bionic breeding method for local chickens Pending CN114097702A (en)

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