CN114097608A - Breeding method for new combination of strong-superiority two-line hybrid rice - Google Patents

Breeding method for new combination of strong-superiority two-line hybrid rice Download PDF

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CN114097608A
CN114097608A CN202111476726.9A CN202111476726A CN114097608A CN 114097608 A CN114097608 A CN 114097608A CN 202111476726 A CN202111476726 A CN 202111476726A CN 114097608 A CN114097608 A CN 114097608A
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张现伟
李经勇
肖人鹏
潘晓雪
刘强明
唐永群
王妍
李超明
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Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of hybrid rice, in particular to a new combination breeding method of strong-superiority two-line hybrid rice. The invention selects the dominant complementary two-line sterile line and the restorer line to be matched, simultaneously screens under low altitude and medium altitude ecology, screens the dominant characters at the seedling stage, the seedling stage and the heading stage, and combines the advantages of the yield and the rice quality, thereby breeding the new combination of the two-line hybrid rice which has strong seed growth advantage, more dry matter accumulation, strong variety high temperature resistance and better yield and quality than the three-line hybrid rice under the low sunlight.

Description

Breeding method for new combination of strong-superiority two-line hybrid rice
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hybrid rice, in particular to a new combination breeding method of strong-superiority two-line hybrid rice.
Background
The industrialization application of hybrid rice promotes the second revolution of rice yield, but the high-yield breeding of rice in China enters a bottleneck period since the industrialization of the three-line hybrid rice is realized, the yield always reaches about 450 kg per mu, and the variety homogenization is serious. The two-line hybrid rice is a high and new technology which is originally created in China and takes the utilization of photo-thermo-sensitive genic sterility as the main content, is another important technical innovation in rice genetic breeding after the three-line hybrid rice, and leads the development of super rice.
However, the southwest rice area represented by Chongqing is a typical area with low illumination, high temperature and high humidity in China, the early stage of rice growth is rainy, high humidity and low sunlight, the later stage is high temperature and prone to drought, two lines of hybrid rice introduced from high-light and high-nitrogen ecological areas such as Hunan and Jiangxi have narrow leaves and high crimpness, the advantages of seed growth are not strong under low sunlight, dry matter accumulation is insufficient, the high temperature resistance of the variety is poor, and the yield and the quality are inferior to those of three lines of hybrid rice.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a new combination breeding method of strong-superiority two-line hybrid rice. The breeding method provided by the invention can breed two-line hybrid rice which has strong seed growth advantage, more dry matter accumulation, strong variety high temperature resistance and better yield and quality than three-line hybrid rice under low sunshine.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a new combination breeding method of strong-superiority two-line hybrid rice, which comprises the following steps:
1) hybridizing a plurality of groups of two-line sterile lines and restorer lines to obtain a plurality of groups of hybrid seeds;
the characters of the two-line sterile line comprise: the plant height is less than or equal to 85cm, the leaves are upright, the ear number/plant is more than or equal to 15, the ear grain number is more than or equal to 150, the rice blast resistance comprehensive index is less than or equal to 5, and the rice taste value is more than or equal to 80 minutes;
the traits of the restorer line include: the grain number of each ear is more than or equal to 200, the maturing rate is more than or equal to 85 percent, the comprehensive index of rice blast resistance is less than or equal to 3, the length-width ratio is more than or equal to 3.0, and the taste value of rice is more than or equal to 80;
2) sowing the multiple groups of hybrid seeds obtained in the step 1) in a low-altitude breeding area and a medium-high-altitude breeding area;
3) performing dominant character screening at a seedling stage, a seedling stage and a heading stage, and comprehensively screening low-altitude and medium-high altitude ecological points by combining yield and rice quality screening to obtain a new combination of strong-dominant two-line hybrid rice; the dominant trait includes disease free.
Preferably, H in the low-altitude breeding area is less than or equal to 300 m; h of the medium and high altitude breeding area is more than or equal to 600 m.
Preferably, the screening for the dominant trait at the seedling stage further comprises: eliminating one or more seedlings with poor characters in slow seedling emergence, uneven seedling emergence, withered seedlings and seedlings with whitening rate below 15 ℃ higher than that of local main cultivated varieties.
Preferably, the screening for the dominant traits at the seedling stage further comprises: seedlings with tiller number lower than that of local main cultivated variety, narrow leaves and bad character or characters in the disease are eliminated.
Preferably, the N amount applied to each mu of the seedling stage is 6-8 kg.
Preferably, the screening for the dominant trait at heading stage further comprises: selecting plants with the heading period not more than 5 days different from the local main cultivated variety, moderate plant shape, upright leaves, spike grain number more than 180 and plant height less than 125 cm.
Preferably, the screening criteria for yield include: the seed setting rate is more than or equal to 80 percent, no diseases, no premature senility, no lodging and the yield is increased by more than 5 percent compared with the local main cultivated variety.
Preferably, the rice quality screening criteria include: the comprehensive quality of the rice is not lower than the quality NY/T593-2013 standard two-level of the edible rice variety, and the taste value is not less than 80 minutes.
Preferably, the breeding regions include: the percentage of sunshine in the rice seedling stage is 25-35%.
Has the advantages that:
the invention provides a new combination breeding method of strong-superiority two-line hybrid rice, which comprises the following steps: 1) hybridizing a plurality of groups of two-line sterile lines and restorer lines to obtain a plurality of groups of hybrid seeds; the characters of the two-line sterile line comprise: the plant height is less than or equal to 85cm, the leaves are upright, the ear number/plant is more than or equal to 15, the ear grain number is more than or equal to 150, the rice blast resistance comprehensive index is less than or equal to 5, and the rice taste value is more than or equal to 80 minutes; the traits of the restorer line include: the grain number of each ear is more than or equal to 200, the maturing rate is more than or equal to 85 percent, the comprehensive index of rice blast resistance is less than or equal to 3, the length-width ratio is more than or equal to 3.0, and the taste value of rice is more than or equal to 80; 2) sowing the multiple groups of hybrid seeds obtained in the step 1) in a low-altitude breeding area and a medium-high-altitude breeding area; 3) performing dominant character screening at a seedling stage, a seedling stage and a heading stage, and comprehensively screening low-altitude and medium-high altitude ecological points by combining yield and rice quality screening to obtain a new combination of strong-dominant two-line hybrid rice; the dominant trait includes disease free. The invention selects and uses the complementary dominant two-line sterile line and restoring line to select dominant characters at seedling stage, seedling stage and heading stage, and combines the advantages of yield and rice quality, thereby selectively breeding the new two-line hybrid rice combination which has strong seed growth advantage, more dry matter accumulation, strong variety high temperature resistance and better yield and quality than three-line hybrid rice under low sunshine.
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FIG. 1 is a breeding flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a new combination breeding method of strong-superiority two-line hybrid rice, which comprises the following steps:
1) hybridizing a plurality of groups of two-line sterile lines and restorer lines to obtain a plurality of groups of hybrid seeds;
the characters of the two-line sterile line comprise: the plant height is less than or equal to 85cm, the leaves are upright, the ear number/plant is more than or equal to 15, the ear grain number is more than or equal to 150, the rice blast resistance comprehensive index is less than or equal to 5, and the rice taste value is more than or equal to 80 minutes;
the traits of the restorer line include: the grain number of each ear is more than or equal to 200, the maturing rate is more than or equal to 85 percent, the comprehensive index of rice blast resistance is less than or equal to 3, the length-width ratio is more than or equal to 3.0, and the taste value of rice is more than or equal to 80;
2) sowing the multiple groups of hybrid seeds obtained in the step 1) in a low-altitude breeding area and a medium-high-altitude breeding area;
3) performing dominant character screening at a seedling stage, a seedling stage and a heading stage, and comprehensively screening low-altitude and medium-high altitude ecological points by combining yield and rice quality screening to obtain a new combination of strong-dominant two-line hybrid rice; the dominant trait includes disease free.
Hybridizing a plurality of groups of two-line sterile lines and restorer lines to obtain a plurality of groups of hybrid seeds; the characters of the two-line sterile line comprise: the plant height is less than or equal to 85cm, the leaves are upright, the ear number/plant is more than or equal to 15, the ear grain number is more than or equal to 150, the rice blast resistance comprehensive index is less than or equal to 5, and the rice taste value is more than or equal to 80 minutes; the traits of the restorer line include: the grain number of each ear is more than or equal to 200, the maturing rate is more than or equal to 85 percent, the comprehensive index of rice blast resistance is less than or equal to 3, the length-width ratio is more than or equal to 3.0, and the taste value of rice is more than or equal to 80. In the present invention, the rice of the two-line sterile line preferably comprises Yu 924S; the rice of said restorer line preferably comprises R139 and/or R86. The invention limits the characteristics of parents according to the principle of heterosis complementation of hybrid combinations, thereby being beneficial to breeding two lines of strong-heterosis hybrid rice with good leaf morphology, medium and large ears, strong yield advantage, strong rice blast resistance and high rice quality.
After obtaining a plurality of groups of hybrid seeds, sowing the obtained hybrid seeds in a low-altitude breeding area and a middle-high altitude breeding area; performing dominant character screening at a seedling stage, a seedling stage and a heading stage, and comprehensively screening low-altitude and medium-high altitude ecological points by combining yield and rice quality screening to obtain a new combination of strong-dominant two-line hybrid rice; the dominant trait includes disease free. In the invention, H is preferably less than or equal to 300m in the low-altitude breeding area; h is preferably more than or equal to 600m in the medium-high altitude breeding area; the sowing density is preferably 21-24 kg/hm2More preferably 22.5kg/hm2(ii) a The breeding region preferably comprises: the percentage of sunshine in the rice seedling stage is 25-35%; the selected area preferably also comprises the highest daily temperature of the rice in the filling and maturing period of more than 35 ℃ and the average humidity of the rice in the growing period of more than 80 percent. The invention can screen the strong-superiority two-line hybrid rice with high yield, good rice quality and good disease resistance in a specific breeding area by screening in the specific breeding area.
In the present invention, the screening for the advantageous trait at the seedling stage preferably further comprises: eliminating one or more seedlings with poor characters in slow seedling emergence, uneven seedling emergence, withered seedlings and higher seedling albinism rate at low temperature than that of local main cultivated varieties.
In the present invention, the screening of the superior trait at the seedling stage preferably further comprises: seedlings with tiller number lower than that of one or more of local main cultivated varieties, narrow leaves and diseases with poor properties are eliminated; the N amount applied to each mu in the seedling stage is preferably 6kg, and more preferably 45% compound fertilizer (N-P) is applied before transplanting2O5-K2O15: 15:15) or 40% compound fertilizer (N-P)2O5-K225kg of O22: 8:10) as a base fertilizer, and 5kg of urea (46.2%) as a tillering fertilizer is applied 10 days after transplanting.
In the present invention, the screening for the dominant trait at heading stage further comprises: selecting plants with the heading period not more than 5 days different from the local main cultivated variety, moderate plant shape, upright leaves, spike grain number more than 180 and plant height less than 125 cm.
In the present invention, the screening criteria for yield include: the seed setting rate is more than or equal to 80 percent, no diseases, no premature senility, no lodging and the yield is increased by more than 5 percent compared with the local main cultivated variety.
In the present invention, the rice quality screening criteria include: the comprehensive quality of the rice is not lower than the quality NY/T593-2013 standard two-level of the edible rice variety, and the taste value is not less than 80 minutes.
In the invention, under the breeding environment of low-sunshine low-nitrogen fertilizer (N amount is 6kg per mu), dominant characters are screened at the seedling stage, the seedling stage and the heading stage by selecting and matching dominant complementary two-line sterile lines and restoring lines, and the yield and the rice quality are screened in combination, so that the two-line hybrid rice which has strong seed growth advantage, more dry matter accumulation, strong variety high temperature resistance and better yield and quality than three-line hybrid rice under low sunshine is bred.
To further illustrate the present invention, the method for breeding a novel combination of two lines of strong hybrid rice provided by the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the following examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A new combination breeding method of strong-superiority two-line hybrid rice comprises the following steps:
1) selecting 30 rice restorer lines (30 rice restorer lines are shown in table 1) which are matched with rice two-line sterile line Yu 924S with the plant height of less than or equal to 85cm, upright leaves, ear number/plant of more than or equal to 15, ear number of more than or equal to 150, rice blast resistance comprehensive index of less than or equal to 5 and rice taste value of more than or equal to 80, have ear number of more than or equal to 200, maturing rate of more than or equal to 85 percent, rice blast resistance comprehensive index of less than or equal to 3, length-width ratio of more than or equal to 3.0 and rice taste value of more than or equal to 80, collecting hybrid combination seeds, and collecting 200 seeds from each combination seed;
table 130 details of Rice restorer lines
Figure BDA0003393705720000041
Figure BDA0003393705720000051
2) Dividing each combination of the multiple groups of hybrid combination seeds obtained in the step 1) into 2 parts on average in 6 days 3 months in 2019, and sowing uniformly (the sowing density is 22.5 kg/hm)2) The method comprises the following steps of (1) culturing seedlings in a low-altitude Yongchuan ecological screening point test field (Chongqing Yongchuan double bamboo H290m) and a high-altitude Nanchuan ecological screening point (Chongqing Nanchuan grand H750m) by means of rare mud and film covering and heat preservation; when 2 leaves and 1 heart, film uncovering shallow water management is carried out, the growth condition of seedlings after low-temperature action is observed after 8 days, and as the low temperature is not obvious after film uncovering at the Yongchuan point in the current year, the seedlings (Yu 924S/Yazhan, Yu 924S/Yu 1351, Yu 924S/De Hui 1787, Yu 924S/Lu 37, Yu 924S/Q Hui 25) with slow seedling emergence, uneven seedling emergence, withered seedlings or higher seedling whitening rate at low temperature than that of 5 combined seeds of Yuxiang 203 of the local main variety are eliminated mainly according to the Nanchuan point expression;
3) transplanting is started when 4-5 leaves of the seedlings are planted, and low-nitrogen fertilization treatment is carried out on the field according to 6kg of pure N/mu (base fertilizer 45% compound fertilizer (N-P))2O5-K2O15: 15:15)25kg, topdressing 5 kg/mu urea 10 days after transplantation) 45 days after transplantation, and carrying out field treatmentSelecting seedlings in the seedling stage, eliminating plants with tiller numbers lower than those of local main cultivars Yuxiang 203, narrow leaves, and with stump sitting or rice blast and the like, and eliminating seedlings of 3 combined seeds (Yu 924S/Yuhui 7109, Yu 924S/Yuhui 6003, Yu 924S/Q hui 28) in combination with the integrated expression of the Yongchuan point and the Nanchuan point;
4) selecting Yu-Xiang 203 sowed and transplanted at the same period as a reference variety, selecting plants with the difference between the heading period and the local main cultivar of not more than 5 days, moderate plant shape, upright leaves, spike number of more than 180 and plant height of less than 125cm, and eliminating 5 combinations (Yu 924S/Yu Hu 2103, Yu 924S/Lu H103, Yu 924S/Yu Hu 4859, Yu 924S/Q52 and Yu 924S/Yu Hu 933) of the plants, wherein the Yong Chuan points are eliminated by 3 (Yu 924S/Yu Hu 2103, Yu 924S/Yu Q52 and Yu 924S/Yu 933) and 4 Yu points are eliminated by 4 (Yu 924S/Yu Hu 2103, Yu 924S/Lu Yu H103, Yu/Yu 4859 and Yu 933);
5) after the plants are yellow-ripe, selecting a combination with the maturing rate of more than or equal to 80%, no disease, no premature senility and no lodging from the plants screened in the step 4), continuously collecting 30-hole threshing, airing and weighing to measure yield, selecting plants with the yield increased by more than 5% compared with a reference variety, and eliminating 6 combinations (Yu 924S/Huazhan, Yu 924S/Yu huan 5028, Yu 924S/Wushan sprout, Yu 924S/Q hua 55, Yu 924S/De hua 6099 and Yu 924S/Dahua 9303) altogether, wherein 3 combinations (Yu 924S/Yu hua 5028, Yu 924S/Q55, Yu 924S/Dahua 9303) are eliminated at the Yongchuan point, and 5 combinations (Yu 924S/Huazhan, Yu 924S/Dahua sprout, Yu Chonghua S/Dahua 9303) are eliminated at the Nanpoint;
6) processing the rice after measurement into polished rice according to a unified standard, comparing and screening with a reference variety, selecting rice with the comprehensive quality not lower than the quality NY/T593 plus 2013 standard second grade of the edible rice variety and the taste value not less than 80, and synthesizing rice quality screening results of Yongchuan point and Nanchuan point to obtain 5 new combinations of two-line hybrid rice with strong advantages, namely Yu 924S/R139, Yu 924S/Yue standing grain sprout, 924S/nongxiang 42, 924S/Yuya 2115 and Yu 924S/Yu rice 86.
In conclusion, under the breeding environment of low-sunshine and low-nitrogen fertilizer with low sunshine (the N amount applied to each mu is 6kg), by selecting and matching the dominant complementary two-line sterile line and the restorer line, dominant character screening is carried out at the seedling stage, the seedling stage and the heading stage, and yield and rice quality screening are combined, so that the two-line hybrid rice which has strong seed growth superiority, more dry matter accumulation, strong variety high temperature resistance and better yield and quality than the three-line hybrid rice under low sunshine is bred.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (9)

1. A method for breeding a new combination of two-line hybrid rice with strong superiority is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) hybridizing a plurality of groups of two-line sterile lines and restorer lines to obtain a plurality of groups of hybrid seeds;
the characters of the two-line sterile line comprise: the plant height is less than or equal to 85cm, the leaves are upright, the ear number/plant is more than or equal to 15, the ear grain number is more than or equal to 150, the rice blast resistance comprehensive index is less than or equal to 5, and the rice taste value is more than or equal to 80 minutes;
the traits of the restorer line include: the grain number of each ear is more than or equal to 200, the maturing rate is more than or equal to 85 percent, the comprehensive index of rice blast resistance is less than or equal to 3, the length-width ratio is more than or equal to 3.0, and the taste value of rice is more than or equal to 80;
2) sowing the multiple groups of hybrid seeds obtained in the step 1) in a low-altitude breeding area and a medium-high-altitude breeding area;
3) performing dominant character screening at a seedling stage, a seedling stage and a heading stage, and comprehensively screening low-altitude and medium-high altitude ecological points by combining yield and rice quality screening to obtain a new combination of strong-dominant two-line hybrid rice; the dominant trait includes disease free.
2. The breeding method according to claim 1, wherein H in the low-altitude breeding area is less than or equal to 300 m; h of the medium and high altitude breeding area is more than or equal to 600 m.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the screening for the dominant trait at the seedling stage further comprises: eliminating one or more seedlings with poor characters in slow seedling emergence, uneven seedling emergence, withered seedlings and seedlings with whitening rate below 15 ℃ higher than that of local main cultivated varieties.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the screening for dominant traits at seedling stage further comprises: seedlings with tiller number lower than that of local main cultivated variety, narrow leaves and bad character or characters in the disease are eliminated.
5. The method according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the N amount applied per mu in the seedling stage is 6-8 kg.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the dominant trait screening for heading stage further comprises: selecting plants with the heading period not more than 5 days different from the local main cultivated variety, moderate plant shape, upright leaves, spike grain number more than 180 and plant height less than 125 cm.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the yield screening criteria comprises: the seed setting rate is more than or equal to 80 percent, no diseases, no premature senility, no lodging and the yield is increased by more than 5 percent compared with the local main cultivated variety.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the rice quality screening criteria comprises: the comprehensive quality of the rice is not lower than the quality NY/T593-2013 standard two-level of the edible rice variety, and the taste value is not less than 80 minutes.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the selected region comprises: the percentage of sunshine in the rice seedling stage is 25-35%.
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CN112243855A (en) * 2020-10-22 2021-01-22 重庆市农业科学院 Breeding method of high-quality hybrid rice suitable for mechanical seed production

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112243855A (en) * 2020-10-22 2021-01-22 重庆市农业科学院 Breeding method of high-quality hybrid rice suitable for mechanical seed production

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