CN112243855A - Breeding method of high-quality hybrid rice suitable for mechanical seed production - Google Patents
Breeding method of high-quality hybrid rice suitable for mechanical seed production Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a breeding method of high-quality hybrid rice suitable for mechanized seed production, and belongs to the technical field of hybrid rice breeding. The breeding method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: (1) selecting standard parents with appropriate growth period; (2) cultivating a high-quality sterile line of the standard parent in the same sowing and extraction period; (3) cultivating a high-quality restorer line of the standard parent in the same sowing and extraction period; (4) breeding new combination of hybrid rice in the period of two parents sowing and extracting; (5) the new combination has been bred and mechanically produced. The invention selects the parents with proper growth period, excellent rice quality and excellent comprehensive character as the standard parents, uses the standard parents as the contrast, utilizes two ecological areas of Chongqing and Hainan to cultivate the sterile line and the restorer line which have the same sowing and extraction period as the standard parents and have excellent rice quality and excellent comprehensive character, and utilizes the sterile line and the restorer line which have the same sowing and extraction period to match and breed the new hybrid rice combination which is suitable for mechanical seed production and has high quality, disease resistance and high yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hybrid rice breeding, in particular to a breeding method of high-quality hybrid rice suitable for mechanized seed production.
Background
The rice is one of the main grain crops in China and even the world, and the industrial application of the hybrid rice makes outstanding contribution to the world grain safety. With the transformation of economic structures and the structural reform of the supply side, labor costs have increased dramatically and labor intensive industries are gradually replaced by less sophisticated technologies. The hybrid rice seed production requires manpower in the steps of sowing, transplanting, field management, auxiliary pollination, harvesting and the like due to the difference of the sowing time of the male parent and the female parent, has low mechanical application efficiency, large labor amount, high cost, low seed production yield and poor benefit, leads to high price of the hybrid seeds, and seriously restricts the popularization and application of the hybrid rice. Therefore, the new breeding method of the high-quality hybrid rice suitable for mechanical seed production is provided, and the method has important practical application significance for rice genetic breeding.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a breeding method of high-quality hybrid rice suitable for mechanized seed production, which solves the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
a breeding method of high-quality hybrid rice suitable for mechanized seed production comprises the following steps:
(1) selection of standard parents with appropriate growth period: selecting parents with proper growth period, excellent rice quality, strong disease resistance, high matching force, proper hybrid combination seeding period, excellent rice quality, good yield, strong disease resistance and other excellent comprehensive properties as standard parents;
(2) cultivating a standard parent co-sowing extraction-period high-quality sterile line: using high-quality sterile line/maintainer line as receptor, selecting high-quality sterile line/maintainer line or conventional rice as donor, and making hybridization to obtain F1 generation seed; eliminating disease strains in the yellow maturity stage of the generation F1 in the season of Chongqing; collecting seeds according to strain, processing the seeds into brown rice, and selecting complete brown rice with low chalkiness and high transparency as F2 generation seeds; f2 generation groups are planted in single seedlings in the winter breeding season in Hainan, single plants with good initial spike, plant leaf morphology and strong tillering property are selected in the initial spike stage of a standard parent, and rice chalkiness-free single plants are screened by shelling during seed collection; collecting seeds of the F3 generation, adding the generation in the Chongqing season, selecting excellent single plants of the heading strain in the heading stage of the standard parent, and eliminating the disease strain in the yellow maturity stage to be used as a selection strain; performing generation-adding or backcross treatment on the selected plant lines, and culturing high-quality two-line or three-line sterile lines of the standard parents in the same sowing and extraction period;
(3) and (3) cultivating a standard parent cocultivation extraction period high-quality restorer: selecting a high-quality rice restorer line or conventional rice with strong disease resistance as a donor for hybridization by taking the standard parents in the step (1) as acceptors to obtain F1 generations, eliminating strains with diseases and poor color-reducing property in the yellow mature period of the F1 generations, processing the seeds into brown rice after mixing the seeds according to the strains, and selecting complete brown rice of low-chalkiness and high-transparency strains as F2 generations of seeds; f2 generation colony is planted in autumn single seedling in the south of the Hainan province, single plants with initial spikes and middle and large spikes are selected in the initial heading stage of the standard parent, and during seed collection, the single plants without chalkiness are screened by shelling; f3 generation is added in the positive season of Chongqing, in the heading stage of standard parents, excellent single plants of strains with heading are selected, strains with poor color-falling property and diseases are eliminated after yellow ripening, and the selected single plants are hulled by a small brown rice machine after being harvested, thereby eliminating strains with high chalkiness, low transparency and low whole rice rate; selecting complete brown rice from the selected F3 strain for generation adding treatment;
(4) and (3) new combination breeding of the parental co-sowing and extraction-stage hybrid rice: combining, testing and matching after the generation of the parents in the step (2) and the step (3) is increased to more than three generations, sowing and transplanting the sterile line and the restorer line at the same time, and selecting the sterile line and the restorer line with consistent heading date to match; the new hybrid combination is planted in the Chongqing season, Yuxiang 203 is used as a contrast, and a combination with a growth period shorter than that of the contrast and yield, disease resistance and rice quality superior to that of the contrast is selected as a selected combination; selecting a selected combination from three representative test points of Chongqing Yongchuan, Chongqing Nanchuan and Sichuan Deyang, and selecting a combination with no diseases, high rice quality and high yield advantage, namely the selected new breeding combination;
(5) and (3) breeding a new combination mechanically: and (4) after the new combination breeding in the step (4) is successful, sowing and planting the combined sterile line and restorer line at the same time, performing supplementary pollination when the male and female parents bloom at the same time, and performing mechanical production to obtain hybrid rice seeds.
Further, in the step (1), the standard parent is Yuhui 2103, and the Yuhui 2103 has the advantages of proper breeding period of the matched combination, good rice quality, good disease resistance and the like.
Further, in the step (2), the receptor is sterile line Y58S, maintainer line Yuxiang 813B; the donor is high-quality maintainer line Yu 805B and conventional Daohuazhan.
Further, in the step (2), the triage strain is 917S; the three selected plants are subjected to addition processing to obtain Yu 17S.
Further, in the step (2), the F2 generation single seedling planting is specifically the planting of single seedlings in winter propagation in Hainan with the population at 200-500 holes; the generation adding treatment of the two single plants is specifically to add generation in the positive season of Chongqing.
Further, in the step (3), the receptor is Yuhui 2103; the donor is conventional rice compound grain rice and restorer Yueya silky seedling.
Further, in the step (3), the three selected strains are the single strains 8812, 8813, 8815, 8816.
Further, in the step (2) and the step (3), the screening criteria for selecting the complete brown rice as the F2 generation seeds are as follows: and (3) by taking the Yuxiang 203 as a contrast, the seeds of the F2 generation with the chalkiness degree, the whole rice rate and the transparency inferior to those of the seeds of the contrast strain are eliminated.
Further, in step (4), the new combination has the following matching criteria: using the Yuxiang 203 as a contrast, selecting a combination which has a shorter or equivalent growth period than the contrast, excellent plant leaf morphology and no obvious defect, a setting percentage of more than 80 percent and a yield increase of more than 5 percent than the contrast Yuxiang 203, no diseases and superior or equivalent rice quality than the contrast Yuxiang 203.
Further, in the step (4), the sterile line and the restorer line are matched and combined as Yu 17S/8812, Yu 17S/8813, Yu 17S/8815 and Yu 17S/8816.
Further, the diseases are one or more of rice blast, sheath blight, bacterial leaf blight and false smut.
The invention discloses the following technical effects: the development of hybrid rice is severely restricted by the late flowering phase of male and female parents, complex seed production technology, high cost and low yield. The invention selects the parents with proper growth period, excellent rice quality and excellent comprehensive character as the standard parents, and uses the standard parents as the contrast to cultivate the sterile line and the restorer line which have consistent sowing and extraction period with the standard parents and excellent rice quality and excellent comprehensive character, and utilizes the matching of the sterile line and the restorer line with consistent sowing and extraction period to breed new hybrid rice combinations which are suitable for mechanical seed production, high quality, disease resistance and high yield.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a breeding flow chart of the breeding method of high-quality hybrid rice suitable for mechanized seed production.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Example 1
1.1 selection of standard parent Yuhui 2103 suitable for growth period
The parents with proper growth period, proper combined seeding and extracting period, excellent rice quality, high yield, excellent disease resistance and other comprehensive characters are selected as standard parents. The quality rice variety Yuxiang 203 is a Chongqing city district test control variety. The Yuhui 2103 of the restorer of the Yuxiang 203 is selected as a backbone parent, and the Yuhui 2103 has the advantages of proper breeding period of the matched combination, excellent rice quality, good disease resistance and the like, and is a standard with proper breeding period.
1.2 cultivation of high-quality sterile line Yu 17S in the same-sowing and extraction period of standard parent
Selecting high-quality maintainer line Yu 805B, Yu 802B, Huanghuazhan and the like as donors for hybridization by taking low sterility origin temperature, high combining ability and high-quality sterile line Y58S as acceptors, carrying out disease resistance evaluation in Chongqing positive season in F1 generation yellow maturity period, eliminating strains with diseases such as rice blast, banded sclerotial blight, rice false smut and the like (Y58S// Y58S/Huanghuazhan), processing the seeds by a brown rice machine after the strains are mixed, further eliminating chalky whiteness, the whole rice rate and the transparency which are lower than those of a control strain (Y58S// Y58S/802B) by taking Yuxiang 203 as a control, and selecting (Y58S// Y58S/Yu 805B) complete brown rice as F2 generation seeds; f2 generation is planted in the south Hainan winter, and the population is in 200-500 holes. Selecting single plants which have the initial ears, have the neck, have good plant leaf morphology and strong tillering property at the initial ear stage of the standard parent strain on the cultivation of the two-line sterile line; when the seeds are harvested, one selected plant is shelled and observed, and the chalky single plant is eliminated and used as a second selected single plant; collecting two selected single plants, adding generations in the positive season of Chongqing, and selecting excellent single plants 917S of the lines with the ears started as three selected lines in the heading stage of the standard parents; the three selected plants are subjected to addition processing to obtain Yu 17S.
1.3 cultivation of standard parent coculture pull-out period high quality restorer Yuhui 8813
Selecting high-quality conventional rice re-grain rice, R865 and R6003 with equivalent sowing and pumping periods as donor hybrids by taking standard parent Yuhui 2103 as a receptor, performing disease resistance evaluation in the Chongqing season in the F1 generation yellow ripening period, eliminating strains (R2103/R865// R865) with diseases such as rice blast, banded sclerotial blight, false smut and the like, mixing and collecting seeds according to the strains, processing the mixed seeds by using a brown rice machine, further eliminating chalky whiteness, whole polished rice rate and inferior transparency compared with control strains (R2103/R6003// R6003) by taking Yuxiang 203 as a control, and selecting (R2103/re-grain rice// re-grain rice) complete brown rice as F2 generation seeds; f2 generation is planted in the south Hainan winter, and the population is in 200-300 holes. Selecting a single plant with large starting ear and rice ear and strong growth potential as a selected single plant at the starting ear stage of the standard parent; when the seeds are harvested, one selected plant is shelled and observed, and the chalky single plant is eliminated and used as a second selected single plant; collecting two selected single plants, adding generations in the Chongqing season, and selecting excellent single plants 8812, 8813, 8815 and 8816 of the lines with heading as three selected lines in the heading stage of the standard parents; and performing generation-adding treatment on the three selected strains.
1.4 Breeding of new combination Yu 17S/R8813 in two parents simulcasting and extraction stage
Performing combined testing and matching when the parents are added to more than three generations, performing synchronized seeding and transplanting in autumn breeding seasons of Hainan, selecting the synchronized seeding and extraction sterile line and restorer line matching groups 17S/8812, 17S/8813, 17S/8815 and 17S/8816 in 1.2 and 1.3, planting the matching groups in Chongqing season, transplanting single seedlings according to standard density in 5 rows of 60 nests, selecting a combination with a shorter or equivalent growth period than the comparison by using Yuxiang 203 as a comparison; selecting a combination with excellent plant leaf morphology and no obvious defect; selecting a combination with the maturing rate of more than 80 percent and the yield increased by more than 5 percent compared with a contrast; selecting a combination without rice blast, sheath blight, bacterial leaf blight and false smut; selecting the Yuliangyou178 (Yu 17S/R8813) with rice quality superior to the control Yuxiang 203 or equivalent combination Yuliangyou178.
1.5 mechanized seed production of new hybrid combination Yuliangyou 178
After the new combination is successfully bred, the two excellent hybrid Yu 178 seeds are produced in the Chongqing season, the sterile line and the restorer line of the seed production combination are synchronously sown in 4-month 15-day, the machine transplanting is divided into odd-even compartment planting, the restorer line R8813 is planted in the first 2 rows of odd compartments, the sterile line Yu 17S is planted in the next four rows, the sterile line Yu 17S is planted in the even compartments, and the pollination is assisted when the male and female parents synchronously bloom, so that the hybrid Yu two excellent 178 rice seeds are produced. The prepared hybrid seeds are used for rice related test seeds after purification.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A breeding method of high-quality hybrid rice suitable for mechanized seed production is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selection of standard parents with appropriate growth period: selecting parents with proper growth period, excellent rice quality, strong disease resistance, high matching force, proper hybrid combination seeding period, excellent rice quality, good yield, strong disease resistance and other excellent comprehensive properties as standard parents;
(2) cultivating a standard parent co-sowing extraction-period high-quality sterile line: using high-quality sterile line/maintainer line as receptor, selecting high-quality sterile line/maintainer line or conventional rice as donor, and making hybridization to obtain F1 generation seed; in the yellow-maturing stage of F1 generation in Chongqing season, eliminating disease strains; collecting seeds according to strain, processing the seeds into brown rice, and selecting complete brown rice with low chalkiness and high transparency as F2 generation seeds; f2 generation groups are planted in single seedlings in the winter breeding season in Hainan, single plants with good initial spike, plant leaf morphology and strong tillering property are selected in the initial spike stage of a standard parent, and rice chalkiness-free single plants are screened by shelling during seed collection; collecting seeds of the F3 generation, adding the generation in the Chongqing season, selecting excellent single plants of the heading strain in the heading stage of the standard parent, and eliminating the disease strain in the yellow maturity stage to be used as a selection strain; performing generation-adding or backcross treatment on the selected plant lines, and culturing high-quality two-line or three-line sterile lines of the standard parents in the same sowing and extraction period;
(3) and (3) cultivating a standard parent cocultivation extraction period high-quality restorer: selecting a high-quality rice restorer line or conventional rice with strong disease resistance as a donor for hybridization by taking the standard parents in the step (1) as acceptors to obtain F1 generations, eliminating strains with diseases and poor color-reducing property in the yellow mature period of the F1 generations, processing the seeds into brown rice after mixing the seeds according to the strains, and selecting complete brown rice of low-chalkiness and high-transparency strains as F2 generations of seeds; f2 generation colony is planted in autumn single seedling in the south of the Hainan province, single plants with initial spikes and middle and large spikes are selected in the initial heading stage of the standard parent, and during seed collection, the single plants without chalkiness are screened by shelling; f3 generation is added in the positive season of Chongqing, in the heading stage of standard parents, excellent single plants of strains with heading are selected, strains with poor color-falling property and diseases are eliminated after yellow ripening, and the selected single plants are hulled by a small brown rice machine after being harvested, thereby eliminating strains with high chalkiness, low transparency and low whole rice rate; selecting complete brown rice from the selected F3 strain for generation adding treatment;
(4) and (3) new combination breeding of the parental co-sowing and extraction-stage hybrid rice: combining, testing and matching after the generation of the parents in the step (2) and the step (3) is increased to more than three generations, sowing and transplanting the sterile line and the restorer line at the same time, and selecting the sterile line and the restorer line with consistent heading date to match; the new hybrid combination is planted in the Chongqing season, Yuxiang 203 is used as a contrast, and a combination with a growth period shorter than that of the contrast and yield, disease resistance and rice quality superior to that of the contrast is selected as a selected combination; selecting a selected combination from three representative test points of Chongqing Yongchuan, Chongqing Nanchuan and Sichuan Deyang, and selecting a combination with no diseases, high rice quality and high yield advantage, namely the selected new breeding combination;
(5) and (3) breeding a new combination mechanically: and (4) after the new combination breeding in the step (4) is successful, sowing and planting the combined sterile line and restorer line at the same time, performing supplementary pollination when the male and female parents bloom at the same time, and performing mechanical production to obtain hybrid rice seeds.
2. The method for breeding high-quality hybrid rice suitable for mechanized seed production according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the standard parent is Yuhui 2103.
3. The method for breeding high-quality hybrid rice suitable for mechanized seed production according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the receptors are a sterile line Y58S and a maintainer line Yuxiang 813B; the donor is high-quality maintainer line Yu 805B and conventional Daohuazhan.
4. The method for breeding high-quality hybrid rice suitable for mechanized seed production according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the three selected strains are 917S; the three selected plants are subjected to addition processing to obtain Yu 17S.
5. The method for breeding high-quality hybrid rice suitable for mechanized seed production according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), the receptor is Yuhui 2103; the donor is conventional rice compound grain rice and restorer Yueya silky seedling.
6. The method for breeding high-quality hybrid rice suitable for mechanized seed production according to claim 1, wherein: in step (3), the three selected strains are the single strains 8812, 8813, 8815, 8816.
7. The method for breeding high-quality hybrid rice suitable for mechanized seed production according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (2) and the step (3), the screening standard for selecting the complete brown rice as the F2 generation seeds is as follows: and (3) by taking the Yuxiang 203 as a contrast, the seeds of the F2 generation with the chalkiness degree, the whole rice rate and the transparency inferior to those of the seeds of the contrast strain are eliminated.
8. The method for breeding high-quality hybrid rice suitable for mechanized seed production according to claim 1, wherein: in step (4), the matching criteria of the new combination are: using the Yuxiang 203 as a contrast, selecting a combination which has a shorter or equivalent growth period than the contrast, excellent plant leaf morphology and no obvious defect, a setting percentage of more than 80 percent and a yield increase of more than 5 percent than the contrast Yuxiang 203, no diseases and superior or equivalent rice quality than the contrast Yuxiang 203.
9. The method for breeding high-quality hybrid rice suitable for mechanized seed production according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (4), the sterile line and the restorer line are matched and combined as Yu 17S/8812, Yu 17S/8813, Yu 17S/8815 and Yu 17S/8816.
10. The method for breeding high-quality hybrid rice suitable for mechanized seed production according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein: the diseases are one or more of rice blast, sheath blight, bacterial leaf blight and false smut.
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| CN114885826A (en) * | 2022-06-07 | 2022-08-12 | 海南广陵高科实业有限公司 | Breeding method of high-quality hybrid rice suitable for mechanical seed production |
| CN114885826B (en) * | 2022-06-07 | 2023-03-14 | 海南广陵高科实业有限公司 | Breeding method of high-quality hybrid rice suitable for mechanical seed production |
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