CN114094318A - Structure for realizing wide-band wide-angle scanning of microstrip antenna and microstrip antenna unit - Google Patents
Structure for realizing wide-band wide-angle scanning of microstrip antenna and microstrip antenna unit Download PDFInfo
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- CN114094318A CN114094318A CN202111306644.XA CN202111306644A CN114094318A CN 114094318 A CN114094318 A CN 114094318A CN 202111306644 A CN202111306644 A CN 202111306644A CN 114094318 A CN114094318 A CN 114094318A
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 61
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001808 coupling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002355 dual-layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/08—Radiating ends of two-conductor microwave transmission lines, e.g. of coaxial lines, of microstrip lines
Abstract
The structure comprises a rectangular metal floor, a feed layer dielectric substrate, wherein the lower surface of the feed layer dielectric substrate is attached to the metal floor; the copper layer comprises a first copper layer etched on the upper surface of the feed layer dielectric substrate and a second copper layer etched on the lower surface of the feed layer dielectric substrate; and the radiation layer dielectric substrate is adhered to the upper surface of the feed layer dielectric substrate through a prepreg. The metal isolation electric walls are arranged at the four corners of the feed layer dielectric substrate and connected with the first copper layer and the second copper layer, so that the scanning angle domain of the microstrip phased array antenna is widened to +/-60 degrees on the basis of 40% of the working bandwidth, and meanwhile, the advantages of low section, small volume, light weight, easiness in conformal with the surface of a carrier, easiness in integration with an active device and the like of the microstrip antenna are reserved.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of phased array radar antennas, and relates to a broadband wide-angle scanning technology for a microstrip antenna, in particular to a structure for realizing broadband wide-angle scanning of the microstrip antenna and a microstrip antenna unit.
Background
With the continuous development of phased array radar technology, no matter radar or electronic countermeasure system, in order to improve the fighting capacity and range of the phased array radar, the wide-space coverage, wide-angle scanning and the like are required besides the broadband work of a radar antenna. Therefore, it is a critical problem to be solved urgently to improve the working bandwidth of the phased array antenna and simultaneously consider the wide-angle scanning characteristic. However, mutual coupling exists between the phased array antenna units, so that a sharp and deep concave point appears at a certain scanning angle in front of the grating lobe, at the moment, the energy is total reflection, and the antenna cannot radiate or receive the energy, so that a scanning blind spot is formed. The scanning blind spot is one of important factors for limiting the phased array antenna to realize broadband wide-angle scanning.
Most of the traditional active phased array radiating elements adopt Vivaldi and other end-fire antennas, and this type of antenna can obtain a wider operating bandwidth and a larger beam scanning angle, but has the following defects:
(1) the large size and the large weight restrict the large-area application of the antenna on the airborne platform;
(2) the high profile nature causes its structural strength to weaken as the antenna height increases;
(3) the mounting structure of the antenna is complicated, and the assembly workload is large.
The microstrip antenna conforms to the development trend of miniaturization, light weight, high reliability and multiple functionality of a modern airborne radar system, has the advantages of low profile, small volume, light weight, easiness in conformal with the surface of a carrier, easiness in integration with an active device and the like, and can be used as an antenna form of a novel phased array radar. However, the microstrip antenna is easy to excite surface wave propagation on the open microstrip substrate, which causes more complex and strong mutual coupling effect between elements of the microstrip array than that between radiating elements of the traditional active phased array, and causes performance deterioration such as array impedance mismatch and radiation pattern distortion. When the scanning is carried out at a large angle, the mutual coupling effect is stronger, so that the scanning blind spot phenomenon is more serious. The blind spot effect is one of the serious problems affecting the broadband wide-angle scanning performance of the microstrip phased array antenna. Because the grating lobe is in front of the grating lobe, some of the grating lobe even appears at an angle not far away from the side-fire direction, the scanning area of the microstrip phased array antenna is inevitably greatly reduced, the scanning performance of the whole array is reduced, and the microstrip antenna is difficult to realize wide-angle scanning while the broadband work is ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problem, the present application provides a structure for realizing wide-band wide-angle scanning of a microstrip antenna, including:
metal floor, metal floor are the cuboid, and the both edges of its parallel H face have the boss of parallel H face, wherein, in this technical field, including the H face, the common name of E face, the plane, the H face that the E face is constituteed for the electric field and the maximum radiation direction of antenna: the plane formed by the magnetic field and the maximum radiation direction of the antenna;
the lower surface of the feed layer dielectric substrate is attached to the metal floor;
the copper layer comprises a first copper layer etched on the upper surface of the feed layer dielectric substrate and a second copper layer etched on the lower surface of the feed layer dielectric substrate;
and the radiation layer dielectric substrate is adhered to the upper surface of the feed layer dielectric substrate through a prepreg.
And the metal isolation electric walls are arranged at the four corners of the feed layer dielectric substrate and are connected with the first copper layer and the second copper layer.
Preferably, the height of the boss is higher than that of the feed layer dielectric substrate and lower than that of the radiation layer dielectric substrate.
Preferably, the metal isolating electrical wall is composed of a plurality of through holes with metal inner walls or one or more metal sheets.
Preferably, the shape of the through-hole includes a circular hole, an elliptical hole, a rectangular hole, or a through-groove.
Preferably, the distribution shape of the metal isolating electric wall includes a diagonal line, an arc shape or an L shape.
Preferably, the feed layer dielectric substrate and the radiation layer dielectric substrate are provided with a recess matched with the boss in shape in parallel with the H surface.
A microstrip antenna unit, the microstrip antenna unit includes the structure as described above, the structure for implementing wide-band and wide-angle scanning of the microstrip antenna, further includes:
the metal floor is provided with a feeding coaxial line;
the radiation layer medium substrate comprises an upper layer and a lower layer, the upper layer and the lower layer of radiation layer medium substrate are bonded through prepregs, and the upper surface of the upper layer and the lower surface of the radiation layer medium substrate are respectively provided with an upper radiation patch and a lower radiation patch;
the feed layer dielectric substrate comprises an upper layer and a lower layer, the upper layer and the lower layer of feed layer dielectric substrate are bonded through prepregs, and the upper surface of the lower layer of feed layer dielectric substrate is provided with a feed line;
the first copper layer is etched with a coupling slit;
preferably, the dielectric substrate of the feed layer is provided with a metal isolation electric wall, and the metal isolation electric wall is arranged around the coupling gap, the feeder tail end and the feed coaxial array.
Preferably, the coupling slit comprises an i-shape, an H-shape or a bow-tie shape.
Preferably, the upper radiation patch (6) and the lower radiation patch (7) have a shape including a rectangle, a circle, or a regular hexagon.
The advantages of the present application include: the invention provides a method for eliminating surface waves of a low-profile microstrip antenna, which realizes the broadband wide-angle scanning performance of the microstrip antenna, widens the scanning angle domain of the microstrip phased array antenna to +/-60 degrees on the basis of 40 percent of working bandwidth, and simultaneously reserves the advantages of low profile, small volume, light weight, easiness in conformal with the surface of a carrier, easiness in integration with an active device and the like of the microstrip antenna.
The structure adopted by the invention has low difficulty coefficient of design and processing, is easy to realize and has stronger engineering practice significance.
The invention can be used for realizing the wide-angle scanning of the microstrip antenna broadband, and can be used for various radars and electronic warfare and communication equipment on various carrier-borne, airborne and roadbed platforms.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a structure for realizing wide-band wide-angle scanning of a microstrip antenna.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a 4 x 4 array of wide-bandwidth wide-angle scanning structures.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a stack of microstrip antenna elements having a wide-bandwidth wide-angle scanning structure.
Fig. 4 is an active standing wave curve of a microstrip antenna element having a wide-band wide-angle scanning structure.
FIG. 5 is an active standing wave curve of a microstrip antenna element with a wide-band wide-angle scanning structure
The antenna comprises a metal floor 1, a feed layer dielectric substrate 2, a copper layer 3, a radiation layer dielectric substrate 4, a metal isolation electric wall 5, an upper radiation patch 6, a lower radiation patch 7, a coupling seam 8, a feeder line 9, a feed coaxial line 10 and a metal isolation electric wall 11.
Detailed Description
In order to make the implementation objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present application. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and intended to be used for explaining the present application, and should not be construed as limiting the present application. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without any inventive work based on the embodiments in the present application are within the scope of protection of the present application. Embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.
A structure for realizing wide-band wide-angle scanning of a microstrip antenna, as shown in fig. 1, includes: the metal floor board 1, the feed layer dielectric substrate 2, the copper layer 3, the radiation layer dielectric substrate 4 and the metal isolation electric wall 5.
The metal floor 1 is formed by stacking rectangular metal and two linear-column-shaped metals, wherein the linear-column-shaped metals are distributed along two edges of the rectangular metal;
the feed layer dielectric substrate 2 is attached to the metal floor 1 at the lower surface of the feed layer dielectric substrate 2, copper layers 3 are etched on the upper surface and the lower surface of the feed layer dielectric substrate 2, metal isolation electric walls 5 are arranged at four angular positions of the feed layer dielectric substrate 2, and the metal isolation electric walls 5 are connected with the upper copper layer and the lower copper layer 3;
the radiation layer dielectric substrate 4 is bonded to the upper surface of the feed layer dielectric substrate 2 through a prepreg;
the structure can be used for various microstrip low-profile antenna designs, the microstrip antenna is embedded in the concave part of the metal floor 1, and the linear column-shaped metal is vertical to the direction of the feeder line along the unit edge.
The structure can effectively inhibit the surface wave of the microstrip antenna, weaken the coupling between the antenna units and realize the broadband wide-angle scanning of the microstrip phased array antenna. The lug boss and the metal isolation electric wall 5 of the metal floor 1 can eliminate scanning blind spots generated when the E surface of the microstrip phased array antenna scans a large angle.
A microstrip antenna element having a broadband wide angle scanning structure:
as shown in fig. 3, the microstrip antenna unit adopts a slot-coupled feeding dual-layer patch antenna, which includes a metal floor 1, a feeding layer dielectric substrate 2, a copper layer 3, a radiation layer dielectric substrate 4, a metal isolation electrical wall 5, an upper layer radiation patch 6, a lower layer radiation patch 7, a coupling slot 8, a feeder line 9, a feeding coaxial line 10, a metal isolation electrical wall 11, and a protective layer dielectric substrate 12. Wherein, the feed layer dielectric substrate 2 has two layers, and the feed line 9 is positioned between the two feed layer dielectric substrates 2. The radiation layer medium substrate 4 has two layers, and the upper radiation patch 6 and the lower radiation patch 7 are respectively positioned on the upper surfaces of the two layers of radiation layer medium substrates 4. Coupling slots 8 are etched in the copper layer 3 for coupling the energy in the feed line 9 to the upper and lower radiating patches 6, 7. And the metal isolation electric wall 11 is arranged around the coupling gap 8, the tail end of the feeder line 9 and the feeding coaxial line 10 and is used for adjusting the impedance of the feeding structure and eliminating electromagnetic resonance. The protective layer dielectric substrate 12 is located on the upper surface of the whole antenna unit and is used for protecting the metal annular patch 6 and the upper radiation patch 7 from being corroded and damaged by the external environment. The metal floor 1 and the metal isolation electric wall 5 are used for realizing the wide-band wide-angle scanning of the microstrip antenna.
The active standing wave of a phased array antenna comprising microstrip antenna elements as shown in figure 3 is shown in figure 4. The active standing wave of the phased array antenna unit formed by the microstrip antenna unit after removing the metal floor 1 and the metal isolation electric wall 5 is shown in fig. 5. It can be seen that the antenna with the wide-band wide-angle scanning structure can realize +/-60-degree scanning of the E surface and the H surface within 40% of the VSWR < 2; the antenna without the wide-band wide-angle scanning structure can realize +/-30 DEG scanning of an E surface and an H surface within 40% of an operating frequency band VSWR < 2, but when the E surface is scanned to +/-60 DEG, standing waves are obviously deteriorated, wherein the antenna comprises the H surface, the general name of the E surface, the E surface is a plane formed by an electric field and a maximum radiation direction of the antenna, and the H surface: the plane formed by the magnetic field and the maximum radiation direction of the antenna. Therefore, the structure for realizing the wide-band wide-angle scanning of the microstrip antenna can effectively enlarge the scanning angle area of the microstrip antenna.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present application should be covered within the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A structure for realizing wide-band and wide-angle scanning of a microstrip antenna is characterized by comprising:
the metal floor (1), the metal floor (1) is cuboid, its two edges parallel to H surface have parallel H surface bosses;
the lower surface of the feed layer dielectric substrate (2) is attached to the metal floor (1);
the copper layer (3) comprises a first copper layer etched on the upper surface of the feed layer dielectric substrate (2) and a second copper layer etched on the lower surface of the feed layer dielectric substrate (2);
the radiation layer dielectric substrate (4) is bonded to the upper surface of the feed layer dielectric substrate (2) through a prepreg.
And the metal isolation electric walls (5) are arranged at the four corners of the feed layer dielectric substrate (2) and are connected with the first copper layer and the second copper layer.
2. The structure for realizing wide-band angular scanning of microstrip antenna according to claim 1, wherein the height of said mesa is higher than the dielectric substrate (2) of the feeding layer.
3. The structure for realizing wide-band angular scanning of microstrip antenna according to claim 1, wherein the metallic isolating wall (5) is composed of two cases, the first one is composed of a plurality of through holes with metallic inner walls; the second is comprised of one or more metal sheets.
4. The structure for realizing wide-band angular scanning of microstrip antenna according to claim 3 wherein the cross-sectional shape of said via hole includes a circle, an ellipse or a rectangle.
5. Structure for realizing a wide-angle scanning of a microstrip antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the shape of the distribution path of said through holes of the metallic isolating electrical wall (5) comprises a diagonal line, an arc line or an L-shaped line.
6. The structure for realizing wide-band angular scanning of microstrip antenna according to claim 1, wherein the feed layer dielectric substrate (2) and the radiation layer dielectric substrate (4) have recesses parallel to the H-plane, which are matched with the shape of said bosses.
7. A microstrip antenna unit comprising the structure for realizing wide-band wide-angle scanning of a microstrip antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising:
the metal floor (1) is provided with a feeding coaxial line (10);
the radiation layer medium substrate (4) comprises an upper layer and a lower layer, and the upper surface of the upper layer and the lower layer of the radiation layer medium substrate are respectively provided with an upper layer radiation patch (6) and a lower layer radiation patch (7);
the feed layer dielectric substrate (2) comprises an upper layer and a lower layer, and a feed line (9) is arranged between the upper layer and the lower layer of the feed layer dielectric substrate;
the first copper layer is etched with coupling slits (8).
8. The microstrip antenna element according to claim 7, characterised in that the feed layer dielectric substrate (2) has metallic isolating electrical walls (11), the metallic isolating electrical walls (11) being arranged in an array around the coupling slot (8), the end of the feed line (9), the feed coaxial line (10).
9. Microstrip antenna element according to claim 7, characterized in that the coupling slot (8) comprises an I-shape, an H-shape or a bow-tie shape.
10. The microstrip antenna element according to claim 7, characterised in that the upper radiating patch (6) and the lower radiating patch (7) comprise rectangular, circular or regular hexagonal shapes.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111306644.XA CN114094318A (en) | 2021-11-05 | 2021-11-05 | Structure for realizing wide-band wide-angle scanning of microstrip antenna and microstrip antenna unit |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111306644.XA CN114094318A (en) | 2021-11-05 | 2021-11-05 | Structure for realizing wide-band wide-angle scanning of microstrip antenna and microstrip antenna unit |
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| CN114094318A true CN114094318A (en) | 2022-02-25 |
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| CN202111306644.XA Pending CN114094318A (en) | 2021-11-05 | 2021-11-05 | Structure for realizing wide-band wide-angle scanning of microstrip antenna and microstrip antenna unit |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115173052A (en) * | 2022-08-04 | 2022-10-11 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十六研究所 | Integrated dual-frequency composite phased array antenna and phased array radar |
| CN115911869A (en) * | 2023-01-05 | 2023-04-04 | 华南理工大学 | Millimeter wave broadband wide-angle scanning antenna and antenna array based on three-function electric wall |
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2021
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115173052A (en) * | 2022-08-04 | 2022-10-11 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十六研究所 | Integrated dual-frequency composite phased array antenna and phased array radar |
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| CN115911869A (en) * | 2023-01-05 | 2023-04-04 | 华南理工大学 | Millimeter wave broadband wide-angle scanning antenna and antenna array based on three-function electric wall |
| CN115911869B (en) * | 2023-01-05 | 2023-05-12 | 华南理工大学 | Millimeter wave wide bandwidth angle scanning antenna and antenna array based on three-function electric wall |
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