CN115173052A - Integrated dual-frequency composite phased array antenna and phased array radar - Google Patents
Integrated dual-frequency composite phased array antenna and phased array radar Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
The invention provides an integrated dual-frequency composite phased-array antenna and a phased-array radar, wherein the phased-array antenna comprises a plurality of dual-frequency phased-array antenna units arranged in an array manner, and in each dual-frequency phased-array antenna unit, four Ka-frequency-band antenna subunits are arranged around a Ku-frequency-band antenna subunit; and the radiation patches of the four Ka-band antenna subunits are used as the multiplexing radiation patches of the Ku-band antenna subunits, and the structural compactness of the radiation patches is combined, so that when the radiation patches of the Ku-band antenna subunits are excited, the radiation patches of the nearby Ka-band antenna subunits are also excited as parasitic patches, the bandwidth of the Ku-band antenna subunits is effectively increased based on the coupling multiplexing of the radiation patches between the two antenna subunits, and the practicability of the dual-frequency composite phased array antenna is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of radio frequency communication, in particular to an integrated dual-frequency composite phased array antenna and a phased array radar.
Background
Active phased array radars have become the most advanced technology in the application fields of airborne, missile-borne, ship-borne and the like. Along with the continuous iteration of weaponry, the communication demand is constantly rising, the antenna of traditional single frequency is unable more and more to satisfy growing demand, dual-frenquency complex (or multifrequency complex) phased array antenna is produced in return, and dual-frenquency and multifrequency are total to bore phased array antenna array not only can improve the array face utilization ratio, it is reducing the antenna volume, weight reaches also can realize the multi-functional integration of antenna when practicing thrift the cost, multipolarization etc. and to dual-frenquency and multifrequency antenna unit, how to realize the miniaturization, the multifrequency section compounds antenna unit is the key problem that needs to solve urgently.
Therefore, a technical scheme of a miniaturized composite antenna capable of ensuring normal operation of antennas in various frequency bands is provided at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide an integrated dual-band composite antenna with a compact structure, which uses patches with different frequency bands for frequency band multiplexing, and realizes a miniaturized multi-band aperture composite phased array antenna by multiplexing multiple sets of patches with different frequency bands, so as to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.
To achieve the above and other related objects, the present invention provides the following technical solutions.
An integrated dual-frequency composite phased-array antenna comprises a plurality of dual-frequency phased-array antenna units arranged in an array manner in a first plane, wherein each dual-frequency phased-array antenna unit comprises a Ku frequency band antenna subunit and four Ka frequency band antenna subunits; in the dual-frequency phased-array antenna unit, four Ka-band antenna subunits are arranged around the Ku-band antenna subunit, and radiation patches of the four Ka-band antenna subunits are used as multiplexing radiation patches of the Ku-band antenna subunit.
Optionally, the dual-frequency composite phased-array antenna includes a feed layer and a radiation layer that are sequentially stacked in a vertical direction of the first plane, the radiation layer includes a first radiation layer, a second radiation layer, and a third radiation layer that are sequentially stacked in a vertical direction of the first plane, the first radiation layer is provided with a primary radiation patch of the Ku frequency band antenna subunit, the second radiation layer is provided with a secondary radiation patch of the Ku frequency band antenna subunit, and the third radiation layer is provided with a radiation patch of the Ka frequency band antenna subunit; in the dual-frequency phased array antenna unit, the radiation patches of four adjacent Ka frequency band antenna subunits are used as the tertiary radiation patches of the Ku frequency band antenna subunit.
Optionally, the primary radiating patch of the Ku band antenna subunit includes a double-slit loaded rectangular patch antenna, the secondary radiating patch of the Ku band antenna subunit includes rectangular patch antennas with four corners recessed inwards, and the radiating patch of the Ka band antenna subunit includes a double-slit loaded rectangular patch antenna.
Optionally, in the dual-band phased array antenna unit, in a vertical direction along the first plane, the radiation patches of the four Ka band antenna subunits and the secondary radiation patch of the Ku band antenna subunit are spatially staggered with each other, and the secondary radiation patch of the Ku band antenna subunit and the primary radiation patch of the Ku band antenna subunit are spatially overlapped with each other.
Optionally, in the dual-band phased array antenna unit, in the first plane, the four radiation patches of the Ka band antenna subunit are arranged in a first direction, the primary radiation patch of the Ku band antenna subunit is arranged in a second direction, and the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction.
Optionally, the feed layer includes a first feed layer, a second feed layer, a third feed layer, and a fourth feed layer that are sequentially stacked in a vertical direction of the first plane, a feed port of the Ku frequency band antenna subunit is disposed in the first feed layer, a feed line of the Ku frequency band antenna subunit is disposed in the second feed layer, a feed gap of the Ku frequency band antenna subunit is disposed in the third feed layer, a metal-loaded air cavity of the Ku frequency band antenna subunit is disposed in the fourth feed layer, a coaxial feed structure of the Ku frequency band antenna subunit is further disposed in the first feed layer and the second feed layer, one end of the coaxial feed structure of the Ku frequency band antenna subunit is connected to the strip line, and the other end of the coaxial feed structure of the Ku frequency band antenna subunit is connected to the feed port of the Ku frequency band antenna subunit; and the primary radiation patch of the Ku frequency band antenna subunit realizes coupling feed between the feeder line of the Ku frequency band antenna subunit and the feed gap sequentially through the metal loading air cavity, and then realizes coaxial feed between the coaxial feed structure of the Ku frequency band antenna subunit and the feed port of the Ku frequency band antenna subunit.
Optionally, in a vertical direction along the first plane, the metal-loaded air cavity and the feed slot spatially overlap each other, and the feed slot includes a "dumbbell" shaped slot.
Optionally, a feed port of the Ka band antenna subunit is disposed in the first feed layer, a coaxial feed structure of the Ka band antenna subunit is disposed in the first feed layer, the second feed layer, the third feed layer, the fourth feed layer, the first radiation layer, the second radiation layer, and the third radiation layer, one end of the coaxial feed structure of the Ka band antenna subunit is connected to the radiation patch of the Ka band antenna subunit, the other end of the coaxial feed structure of the Ka band antenna subunit is connected to the feed port of the Ka band antenna subunit, and the radiation patch of the Ka band antenna subunit realizes coaxial feed between the coaxial feed structure of the Ka band antenna subunit and the feed port of the Ka band antenna subunit.
Optionally, a feed port of the Ka band antenna subunit is disposed in the first feed layer, and a microstrip coupling structure of the Ka band antenna subunit is disposed in the first feed layer, the second feed layer, the third feed layer, the fourth feed layer, the first radiation layer, the second radiation layer, and the third radiation layer, where one end of the microstrip coupling structure of the Ka band antenna subunit is connected to the radiation patch of the Ka band antenna subunit, the other end of the microstrip coupling structure of the Ka band antenna subunit is connected to the feed port of the Ka band antenna subunit, and the radiation patch of the Ka band antenna subunit realizes coupling feed between the microstrip coupling structure of the Ka band antenna subunit and the feed port of the Ka band antenna subunit.
A phased array radar comprises the integrated dual-frequency composite phased array antenna, a radio frequency transceiving component and a signal processor, wherein the integrated dual-frequency composite phased array antenna is connected with the radio frequency transceiving component, the radio frequency transceiving component is connected with the signal processor, received signals and transmitted signals of the radio frequency transceiving component are adjusted through the signal processor, and analog-to-digital conversion is carried out on the received signals of the radio frequency transceiving component through the processor.
As described above, the integrated dual-band composite phased array antenna and phased array radar provided by the present invention have at least the following beneficial effects:
the integrated dual-frequency composite phased-array antenna comprises a plurality of dual-frequency phased-array antenna units arranged in an array, wherein in each dual-frequency phased-array antenna unit, four Ka-band antenna subunits are arranged around a Ku-band antenna subunit, and when the dual-frequency characteristics of the Ka band and the Ku band are realized, the Ka-band antenna subunits and the Ku-band antenna subunits are arranged in an array staggered manner in space, so that the integrated dual-frequency composite phased-array antenna is compact in overall structure and beneficial to miniaturization design; and the radiation patches of the four Ka-band antenna subunits are used as the multiplexing radiation patches of the Ku-band antenna subunits, and the structural compactness of the radiation patches is combined, so that when the radiation patches of the Ku-band antenna subunits are excited, the radiation patches of the nearby Ka-band antenna subunits are also excited as parasitic patches, the bandwidth of the Ku-band antenna subunits is effectively increased based on the coupling multiplexing of the radiation patches between the two antenna subunits, and the practicability of the dual-frequency composite phased array antenna is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a dual-band composite phased array antenna according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2-3 are schematic structural diagrams of a dual-band composite phased array antenna according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4-7 are schematic structural diagrams of a dual-band composite phased array antenna according to an alternative embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of an antenna electric field distribution obtained when a port of a Ku band antenna subunit in a dual-frequency composite phased-array antenna is excited in an alternative embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a standing-wave ratio distribution of Ku-band antenna sub-units of a dual-band composite phased-array antenna according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic standing wave ratio distribution diagram of Ka-band antenna sub-units of a dual-band composite phased-array antenna according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a schematic gain distribution diagram of a Ku band antenna subunit of a dual-band composite phased array antenna according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating gain distribution of Ka-band antenna sub-units of a dual-band composite phased array antenna according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 13-15 are schematic diagrams of directional diagrams of Ku-band antenna sub-units of a dual-band composite phased-array antenna at different frequencies according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 16-18 are schematic diagrams of patterns of Ka-band antenna sub-units of a dual-band composite phased-array antenna at different frequencies according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 19-20 are schematic diagrams of the scanning patterns of the dual-frequency composite phased array antenna in the elevation plane according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 21-22 are schematic diagrams of the scanning patterns of the dual-frequency composite phased array antenna in the horizontal plane according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Please refer to fig. 1 to 22. It should be noted that the drawings provided in the present embodiment are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention, and the drawings only show the components related to the present invention rather than being drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation, and the type, quantity and proportion of each component in actual implementation may be changed arbitrarily, and the layout of the components may be more complicated. The structures, proportions, and dimensions shown in the drawings and described in the specification are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, which is defined by the claims, so as not to obscure the disclosure with details that will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention to the exact construction and modification, or changes in the proportions and dimensions, without affecting the efficacy and attainment of the same.
As described in the foregoing background, when studying a dual-frequency composite phased array antenna, the inventors found that: when the multi-band antenna is combined by adopting a staggered structure, the antennas with different structures are reasonably arranged in the transverse direction through staggered arrangement on a plane, and compared with the antennas with the same structure, a sparse array is formed.
Based on the technical scheme, the invention provides an integrated dual-frequency composite phased array antenna, which comprises the following steps: the antenna subunits with different frequency bands are in a compact design of array staggered arrangement, the radiation patches of the antenna subunits with different frequency bands are mutually coupled and multiplexed based on the compact design of the structure, and the performance of each antenna subunit with different frequency bands is improved on the basis of realizing the miniaturization of the structure.
First, as shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides an integrated dual-frequency composite phased array antenna, which includes a plurality of dual-frequency phased array antenna units 01 arranged in an array in a first plane (i.e., XY plane), where the dual-frequency phased array antenna unit 01 includes a Ku-band antenna subunit 011 and four Ka-band antenna subunits 012; in the dual-band phased array antenna unit 01, four Ka-band antenna subunits 012 are disposed around the Ku-band antenna subunit 011, and radiation patches of the four Ka-band antenna subunits 012 serve as a multiplexing radiation patch of the Ku-band antenna subunit 011.
As shown in fig. 1, the plurality of dual-band phased array antenna elements 01 are arranged in an array in the first plane, and may be any M × N array, not limited to the 5 × 5 array shown in fig. 1, where M and N are integers equal to or greater than 1.
In detail, in an alternative embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2 to fig. 3, the dual-band composite phased array antenna includes a feed layer and a radiation layer sequentially stacked in a vertical direction (i.e., a positive direction of a Z axis) of a first plane, the radiation layer includes a first radiation layer 21, a second radiation layer 22, and a third radiation layer 23 sequentially stacked in the vertical direction of the first plane, a primary radiation patch 011a of the Ku-band antenna subunit 011 is disposed in the first radiation layer 21, a secondary radiation patch 011b of the Ku-band antenna subunit 011 is disposed in the second radiation layer 22, and a radiation patch 012a of the Ka-band antenna subunit 012 is disposed in the third radiation layer 23; in the dual-band phased array antenna unit 01, the radiation patches of four adjacent Ka-band antenna subunits 012 serve as the tertiary radiation patches of the Ku-band antenna subunit 011.
Wherein the relative dielectric constant ε of the third radiation layer 23 r1 =3.5, the loss tangent tan δ of the third radiation layer 23 =0.0018; the relative dielectric constant ε of the second radiation layer 22 r2 =2.2, loss tangent tan δ =0.0009 of the second radiation layer 22; the first radiation layer 21 is the same as the second radiation layer 22 and will not be described in detail.
In more detail, as shown in fig. 2 to 3, the primary radiating patch 011a of the Ku band antenna subunit 011 includes a patch antenna loaded in two slots, the secondary radiating patch 011b of the Ku band antenna subunit 011 includes a rectangular patch antenna with four inwardly recessed corners, and the radiating patch 012a of the Ka band antenna subunit 012 includes a patch antenna loaded in two slots.
It should be understood that the shape of the patch antenna is not limited to the double-slit loading form, and may also be other shapes such as a U-shaped slit form, which is not limited herein.
In more detail, as shown in fig. 2 to 3, in the dual-band phased array antenna unit 01, in the vertical direction along the first plane, the radiation patches 012a of the four Ka-band antenna subunits 012 and the secondary radiation patch 011b of the Ku-band antenna subunit 011 are spatially shifted from each other, and the secondary radiation patch 011b of the Ku-band antenna subunit 011 and the primary radiation patch 011a of the Ku-band antenna subunit 011 spatially overlap with each other.
In more detail, as shown in fig. 2 to 3, in the dual-band phased array antenna unit 01, in the first plane, the radiation patches 012a of the four Ka-band antenna sub-units 012 are arranged in the first direction (i.e., the X-axis positive direction), and the primary radiation patches 011a of the Ku-band antenna sub-unit 011 are arranged in the second direction (i.e., the Y-axis positive direction), the first direction being perpendicular to the second direction.
In detail, as shown in fig. 2 to fig. 3, the feeding layer includes a first feeding layer 11, a second feeding layer 12, a third feeding layer 13, and a fourth feeding layer 14, which are sequentially stacked along a vertical direction of the first plane, wherein a feeding port 011c of the Ku frequency band antenna subunit 011 is disposed in the first feeding layer 11, a feeding line 011d of the Ku frequency band antenna subunit 011 is disposed in the second feeding layer 12, a feeding gap 011e of the Ku frequency band antenna subunit 011 is disposed in the third feeding layer 13, a metal loading air cavity 011f of the Ku frequency band antenna subunit 011 is disposed in the fourth feeding layer 14, a coaxial feeding structure 011g of the Ku frequency band antenna subunit 011 is further disposed in the first feeding layer 11 and the second feeding layer 12, one end of the coaxial feeding structure 011g of the Ku frequency band antenna subunit 011 is connected to the feeding line 011d, and the other end of the coaxial feeding structure g of the Ku frequency band antenna subunit 011 is connected to the feeding port 011c of the Ku frequency band antenna subunit 011; the primary radiation patch 011a of the Ku-band antenna subunit 011 sequentially passes through the air cavity 011f and the feed gap 011e to realize coupling feed with the feed line 011d of the Ku-band antenna subunit 011, and then realizes coaxial feed between the coaxial feed structure 011g of the Ku-band antenna subunit 011 and the feed port 011c of the Ku-band antenna subunit 011.
In more detail, as shown in fig. 2, in the vertical direction along the first plane, the metal loading air cavity 011f and the feeding slot 011e spatially overlap each other, and the feeding slot 011e includes a dumbbell-shaped slot.
In more detail, as shown in fig. 3, a feeding port 012b of the Ka-band antenna subunit 012 is disposed in the first feeding layer 11, the second feeding layer 12, the third feeding layer 13, the fourth feeding layer 14, the first radiating layer 21, the second radiating layer 22, and the third radiating layer 23 are disposed with a coaxial feeding structure 012c of the Ka-band antenna subunit 012, one end of the coaxial feeding structure 012c of the Ka-band antenna subunit 012 is connected to a radiating patch 012a of the Ka-band antenna subunit 012, the other end of the coaxial feeding structure 012c of the Ka-band antenna subunit 012 is connected to a feeding port 012b of the Ka-band antenna subunit 012, and the radiating patch 012a of the Ka-band antenna subunit 012 realizes coaxial feeding between the coaxial feeding structure 012c of the Ka-band antenna subunit 012 and the feeding port 012b of the Ka-band antenna subunit 012 through the coaxial feeding structure 012c of the Ka-band antenna subunit 012.
In more detail, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, in each dual-band phased array antenna unit 01, the radiation patches 012a of four adjacent Ka-band antenna subunits 012 serve as tertiary radiation patches of a Ku-band antenna subunit to generate a new resonant frequency band, and extend the radiation bandwidth of the Ku-band antenna subunit, and a coaxial feed manner and a coupling feed manner are combined to perform feeding, and a dumbbell-shaped feed gap 011e, a metal-loaded air cavity 011f, and a multilayer radiation patch manner based on a primary radiation patch 011a and a secondary radiation patch 011b are adopted to further increase the radiation bandwidth of the Ku-band antenna subunit. The dumbbell-shaped feed slot 011e can increase the coupling amount and reduce the antenna back lobe, the primary radiation patch 011a is a double-slit loaded microstrip patch structure, and the working resonance point of the Ku frequency band antenna subunit is adjusted by adjusting the length, the width and the distance of the double slits.
More specifically, as shown in fig. 1-3, in each dual-frequency phased array antenna unit 01, because the air cavity 011f loaded by the metal structure of the Ku-band antenna subunit occupies the central position of the array plane, the position reserved for the Ka-band antenna subunit is limited, in order to better realize the radiation characteristic of the Ka-band antenna subunit in the limited space, a direct coaxial feed mode is adopted for feeding, the antenna form has the advantages of simple structure, easy acquisition of input matching and the like, and the form of microstrip feed is adopted in the middle layer, so that the design of the array plane of the Ku/Ka dual-frequency composite aperture active phased array is met. Where the bandwidth requirements are well met. The radiation patch 012a of the Ka band antenna subunit uses a double-slit loaded rectangular microstrip patch, and the working resonance point of the Ka band antenna subunit is adjusted by adjusting the length, width and spacing of the double slits.
In detail, in another alternative embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4 to 5, in order to simplify the structure and facilitate the structure miniaturization and compact design, the Ka band antenna subunit uses an electromagnetic coupling feeding manner to feed power, and feeds power to the upper radiation patch through the electromagnetic coupling of the microstrip line, so that the structure is relatively simple and is easily loaded around the Ku band antenna subunit. In order to realize a larger bandwidth, the radiation patch 012a adopts a U-shaped slot or double-slot loaded rectangular microstrip structure, and the structure increases a radiation current path, thereby realizing miniaturization of the patch, improving the working bandwidth of the Ka band antenna subunit, providing a resonant current for the Ku antenna, and completing the broadband radiation characteristic of the Ku antenna.
More specifically, as shown in fig. 4-5, a feeding port 012b of the Ka-band antenna subunit 012 is disposed in the first feeding layer 11, the second feeding layer 12, the third feeding layer 13, the fourth feeding layer 14, the first radiating layer 21, the second radiating layer 22, and the third radiating layer 23 are disposed with a microstrip coupling structure 012d of the Ka-band antenna subunit 012, one end of the microstrip coupling structure 012d of the Ka-band antenna subunit 012 is connected to a radiating patch 012a of the Ka-band antenna subunit 012, the other end of the microstrip coupling structure 012d of the Ka-band antenna subunit 012 is connected to a feeding port 012b of the Ka-band antenna subunit 012, and the radiating patch 012a of the Ka-band antenna subunit 012 realizes coupling feeding between the microstrip coupling structure 012d of the Ka-band antenna subunit 012 and the feeding port 012b of the Ka-band antenna subunit 012 through the microstrip coupling structure 012d of the Ka-band antenna subunit 012.
Fig. 6 is a top view of the integrated dual-frequency composite phased array antenna shown in fig. 4-5, fig. 7 is a side view of the integrated dual-frequency composite phased array antenna shown in fig. 4-5, 011c0 is a feeding point of the Ku-band antenna subunit, and 012b0 is a feeding point of the Ka-band antenna subunit.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, in order to verify the technical effect of the integrated dual-band composite phased array antenna shown in fig. 4 to 5, the ports of the Ku-band antenna subunit are excited, and the antenna electric field distribution is obtained as shown in fig. 8. As can be seen from fig. 8, in addition to the electric field generated in the radiation patches (the primary radiation patch 011a and the secondary radiation patch 011 b) of the Ku band antenna subunit located at the center, the electric field is also generated in the radiation patches 012a of the Ka band antenna subunit located at the periphery, which is because of the compactness of the structure, when the radiation patches of the Ku band antenna subunit are excited, the radiation patches 012a of the Ka band antenna subunit are used as parasitic patches to similarly excite the electric field, and by using this characteristic, the bandwidth of the Ku band antenna subunit is effectively increased.
In an optional embodiment of the present invention, in order to verify the technical effect of the integrated dual-frequency composite phased-array antenna shown in fig. 4 to 5, the radiation characteristics are measured, so as to obtain the standing wave ratio (VSWR) distribution of the Ku-band antenna subunit as shown in fig. 9, obtain the standing wave ratio (VSWR) distribution of the Ka-band antenna subunit as shown in fig. 10, obtain the gain (realzedgain) distribution of the Ku-band antenna subunit as shown in fig. 11, obtain the gain (realzedgain) distribution of the Ka-band antenna subunit as shown in fig. 12, and obtain the gain (realzedgain) distribution of the Ku-band antenna subunit as shown in f L1 GHz、f 01 GHz、f H1 Directional patterns at GHzf frequency are respectively shown in fig. 13, 14 and 15, and Ka frequency band antenna sub-units thereof at f are obtained L2 GHz、f 02 GHz、f H2 The patterns at the ghz frequency are shown in fig. 16, 17, and 18, respectively.
In detail, as shown in fig. 9, the frequency range f in which the standing wave ratio of the Ku-band antenna subunit is less than 2 is L1 GHz～f H1 GHz，f 01 Is between f L1 And f H1 Frequency values therebetween, as shown in fig. 10, the frequency range of the Ka band antenna subunit in which the standing wave ratio is less than 2 is f L2 GHz～f H2 GHz，f 02 Is between f L2 And f H2 Frequency values in between. As can be seen from fig. 13 to 18, the directional pattern of the dual-frequency composite phased array antenna in the working frequency band has a larger half-power lobe width, and the dual-frequency composite phased array antenna can be applied to a wide-scan-angle phased array antenna, and has a strong engineering practical value.
In an optional embodiment of the present invention, according to the phased array theory, a Ku/Ka dual-band composite common-aperture phased array antenna arrangement design is given, an integrated dual-band composite phased array antenna arranged in a 5 × 5 array as shown in fig. 1 is formed based on the dual-band phased array antenna unit 01 as shown in fig. 4 to 5, a scanning pattern of its Ku-band antenna subunit on a pitching surface is obtained as shown in fig. 19, a scanning pattern of its Ka-band antenna subunit on a pitching surface is obtained as shown in fig. 20, a scanning pattern of its Ku-band antenna subunit on a horizontal surface is obtained as shown in fig. 21, and a scanning pattern of its Ka-band antenna subunit on a horizontal surface is obtained as shown in fig. 22. As shown in fig. 19-fig. 22, the scanning patterns of Phi =0 ° and Phi =90 ° in the Ku frequency band and the Ka frequency band, respectively, are given, and it can be seen from the graphs that the antenna array has a characteristic of a large scanning angle in both the Ku frequency band and the Ka frequency band.
The invention further provides a phased array radar which comprises any one of the integrated dual-frequency composite phased array antenna, a radio frequency transceiving component and a signal processor, wherein the integrated dual-frequency composite phased array antenna is connected with the radio frequency transceiving component, the radio frequency transceiving component is connected with the signal processor, received signals and transmitted signals of the radio frequency transceiving component are adjusted through the signal processor, and analog-to-digital conversion is carried out on the received signals of the radio frequency transceiving component through the processor.
In summary, in the integrated dual-frequency composite phased array antenna and the phased array radar provided by the invention, the integrated dual-frequency composite phased array antenna comprises a plurality of dual-frequency phased array antenna units arranged in an array manner, and in each dual-frequency phased array antenna unit, four Ka-band antenna subunits are arranged around a Ku-band antenna subunit; and the radiation patches of the four Ka-band antenna subunits are used as the multiplexing radiation patches of the Ku-band antenna subunits, and the structural compactness of the radiation patches is combined, so that when the radiation patches of the Ku-band antenna subunits are excited, the radiation patches of the nearby Ka-band antenna subunits are also excited as parasitic patches, the bandwidth of the Ku-band antenna subunits is effectively increased based on the coupling multiplexing of the radiation patches between the two antenna subunits, and the practicability of the dual-frequency composite phased-array antenna is improved.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An integrated dual-frequency composite phased-array antenna is characterized by comprising a plurality of dual-frequency phased-array antenna units arranged in an array manner in a first plane, wherein each dual-frequency phased-array antenna unit comprises a Ku frequency band antenna subunit and four Ka frequency band antenna subunits; in the dual-frequency phased-array antenna unit, four Ka-band antenna subunits are arranged around the Ku-band antenna subunit, and radiation patches of the four Ka-band antenna subunits are used as multiplexing radiation patches of the Ku-band antenna subunit.
2. The integrated dual-frequency composite phased array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the dual-frequency composite phased array antenna comprises a feed layer and a radiation layer which are sequentially stacked in the vertical direction of the first plane, the radiation layer comprises a first radiation layer, a second radiation layer and a third radiation layer which are sequentially stacked in the vertical direction of the first plane, a primary radiation patch of the Ku frequency band antenna subunit is arranged in the first radiation layer, a secondary radiation patch of the Ku frequency band antenna subunit is arranged in the second radiation layer, and a radiation patch of the Ka frequency band antenna subunit is arranged in the third radiation layer; in the dual-frequency phased array antenna unit, the radiation patches of four adjacent Ka-band antenna subunits are used as the tertiary radiation patches of the Ku-band antenna subunit.
3. The integrated dual-frequency composite phased-array antenna according to claim 2, wherein the primary radiating patch of the Ku-band antenna subunit comprises a dual-slot loaded rectangular patch antenna, the secondary radiating patch of the Ku-band antenna subunit comprises a rectangular patch antenna with four inwardly recessed corners, and the radiating patch of the Ka-band antenna subunit comprises a dual-slot loaded rectangular patch antenna.
4. The integrated dual-band composite phased array antenna according to claim 3, wherein in the dual-band phased array antenna unit, in a vertical direction along the first plane, the radiation patches of the four Ka-band antenna sub-units and the secondary radiation patch of the Ku-band antenna sub-unit are spatially staggered from each other, and the secondary radiation patch of the Ku-band antenna sub-unit and the primary radiation patch of the Ku-band antenna sub-unit are spatially overlapped with each other.
5. The integrated dual-band composite phased array antenna according to claim 4, wherein in the dual-band phased array antenna unit, in the first plane, the radiation patches of the four Ka-band antenna sub-units are arranged in a first direction, and the primary radiation patch of the Ku-band antenna sub-unit is arranged in a second direction, and the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction.
6. The integrated dual-frequency composite phased-array antenna of claim 2, wherein the feed layer comprises a first feed layer, a second feed layer, a third feed layer and a fourth feed layer which are sequentially stacked in a vertical direction of the first plane, a feed port of the Ku frequency band antenna subunit is arranged in the first feed layer, a feed line of the Ku frequency band antenna subunit is arranged in the second feed layer, a feed gap of the Ku frequency band antenna subunit is arranged in the third feed layer, a metal loading air cavity of the Ku frequency band antenna subunit is arranged in the fourth feed layer, a coaxial feed structure of the Ku frequency band antenna subunit is further arranged in the first feed layer and the second feed layer, one end of the coaxial feed structure of the Ku frequency band antenna subunit is connected with the strip line, and the other end of the coaxial feed structure of the Ku frequency band antenna subunit is connected with the feed port of the Ku frequency band antenna subunit; and the primary radiation patch of the Ku frequency band antenna subunit realizes coupling feed between the feeder line of the Ku frequency band antenna subunit and the feed gap sequentially through the metal loading air cavity, and then realizes coaxial feed between the coaxial feed structure of the Ku frequency band antenna subunit and the feed port of the Ku frequency band antenna subunit.
7. The integrated dual-frequency composite phased array antenna of claim 6, wherein the metal loading air cavity and the feed slot spatially overlap each other in a vertical direction along the first plane, and the feed slot comprises a "dumbbell" shaped slot.
8. The integrated dual-band composite phased-array antenna according to claim 6, wherein a feed port of the Ka-band antenna subunit is disposed in the first feed layer, a coaxial feed structure of the Ka-band antenna subunit is disposed in the first feed layer, the second feed layer, the third feed layer, the fourth feed layer, the first radiation layer, the second radiation layer, and the third radiation layer, one end of the coaxial feed structure of the Ka-band antenna subunit is connected to the radiation patch of the Ka-band antenna subunit, the other end of the coaxial feed structure of the Ka-band antenna subunit is connected to the feed port of the Ka-band antenna subunit, and the radiation patch of the Ka-band antenna subunit realizes coaxial feed between the coaxial feed structure of the Ka-band antenna subunit and the feed port of the Ka-band antenna subunit.
9. The integrated dual-band composite phased-array antenna of claim 6, wherein a feed port of the Ka-band antenna subunit is disposed in the first feed layer, a microstrip coupling structure of the Ka-band antenna subunit is disposed in the first feed layer, the second feed layer, the third feed layer, the fourth feed layer, the first radiation layer, the second radiation layer and the third radiation layer, one end of the microstrip coupling structure of the Ka-band antenna subunit is connected to the radiation patch of the Ka-band antenna subunit, the other end of the microstrip coupling structure of the Ka-band antenna subunit is connected to the feed port of the Ka-band antenna subunit, and the radiation patch of the Ka-band antenna subunit realizes coupling feed between the microstrip coupling structure of the Ka-band antenna subunit and the feed port of the Ka-band antenna subunit.
10. A phased array radar comprising the dual-band integrated composite phased array antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 9, a radio frequency transceiver module, and a signal processor, wherein the dual-band integrated composite phased array antenna is connected to the radio frequency transceiver module, the radio frequency transceiver module is connected to the signal processor, and the received signal and the transmitted signal of the radio frequency transceiver module are adjusted by the signal processor, and the received signal of the radio frequency transceiver module is analog-to-digital converted by the processor.
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