CN114243297A - Compact dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array applied to millimeter wave beam scanning - Google Patents
Compact dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array applied to millimeter wave beam scanning Download PDFInfo
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- CN114243297A CN114243297A CN202111334077.9A CN202111334077A CN114243297A CN 114243297 A CN114243297 A CN 114243297A CN 202111334077 A CN202111334077 A CN 202111334077A CN 114243297 A CN114243297 A CN 114243297A
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005388 cross polarization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005562 fading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
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Abstract
The invention discloses a compact dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array applied to millimeter wave beam scanning. The antenna array comprises more than two even number of dual-frequency +/-45-degree dual-polarized antenna units which are linearly arranged; the dual-frequency +/-45-degree dual-polarized antenna unit comprises a top dielectric substrate, a middle dielectric substrate and a bottom dielectric substrate from top to bottom; the upper surface of the top dielectric substrate is provided with a first metal ring patch and four parasitic metal strips, and the four parasitic metal strips are respectively arranged around the first metal ring patch; a second metal ring patch is arranged between the top layer dielectric substrate and the middle layer dielectric substrate; two L-shaped branch coupling feed structures are arranged on the bottom layer medium substrate; the lower surface of the bottom medium substrate is provided with a metal floor. The bandwidth of the antenna unit can cover the frequency bands of n 257-n 261 of 5G millimeter waves, and the antenna array has the characteristics of small size, double-frequency and symmetrical dual-polarized beam scanning, and can be well applied to millimeter wave beam scanning.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of millimeter wave phased array antennas, in particular to a compact dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array applied to millimeter wave beam scanning.
Background
With the development of the fifth generation communication, the millimeter wave antenna has attracted great research interest. Various studies have been made by researchers on the millimeter wave antenna for various applications. As is well known, millimeter wave antennas operate in the 30-300 GHz band. The millimeter wave band has the advantages of short response time, rich spectrum resources and the like, but has larger path loss and attenuation. Thus, millimeter-wave antennas face several challenges. First, due to the large propagation path loss and multipath fading effects of millimeter waves, dual-polarized antenna arrays are required. Second, to increase coverage, a dual polarized antenna array with wide angle scanning capability is required. In addition, in order to cover the frequency band of 5G communication, a wideband or dual-frequency dual-polarized phased array antenna needs to be adopted. Finally, array antennas operating in broadband or dual-band require suppression of the presence of grating lobes in order to enable a large scan angle, and therefore the array element spacing should be small enough and miniaturized antenna elements should be employed. Therefore, it is very meaningful to design a compact dual-frequency ± 45 ° dual-polarized antenna array applied to millimeter wave beam scanning.
According to investigation and understanding, the prior art that has been disclosed is as follows:
in the journal of IEEE Access in 2021, a small-sized Dual-frequency Dual-Polarized Antenna Array applied to 5G Millimeter Wave Beam Scanning is proposed in an article published by Yuqi He and entitled "A Compact Dual-Band and Dual-Polarized Millimeter-Wave Beam Scanning Antenna for 5G Mobile Terminals", a unit in the Antenna Array realizes double frequency through a double-layer metal patch, a bottom layer large patch generates a low-frequency resonance point, an upper layer small patch generates a high-frequency resonance point and a parasitic metal Band around the high-frequency resonance point generates an additional high-frequency resonance point, a broadband is realized through a probe coupling feeding technology, and the structure is simple; the bandwidth of the antenna unit is 24.2-27.7GHz and 36.2-43.8GHz, and the size of the antenna array is 18.2mm multiplied by 4.1mm multiplied by 1.07 mm. However, the antenna unit cannot completely cover the frequency bands of 5G millimeter waves n257 to n261, and the unit size is still large, so that the operating bandwidth needs to be further widened and the size of the antenna unit needs to be reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a compact dual-frequency +/-45-degree dual-polarized antenna array applied to millimeter wave beam scanning. The antenna array adopts four antenna units which are symmetrically arranged in a feeding straight line, the antenna units adopt L-shaped branch-node coupling feeding double-ring patch antennas to realize double broadband, and parasitic metal bands are added around an upper-layer large metal ring patch to improve the high-frequency dual-polarization isolation degree. The antenna unit simultaneously realizes the characteristics of miniaturization, double-frequency and +/-45-degree dual polarization, the bandwidth can cover the frequency range of 5G millimeter waves n 257-n 261, and the antenna array realizes the characteristics of miniaturization, double-frequency and symmetrical dual polarization scanning.
The purpose of the invention is realized by at least one of the following technical solutions.
A compact dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array applied to millimeter wave beam scanning comprises more than two dual-frequency +/-45-degree dual-polarized antenna units which are linearly arranged in an even number;
the dual-frequency +/-45-degree dual-polarized antenna unit comprises a top dielectric substrate, a middle dielectric substrate and a bottom dielectric substrate from top to bottom;
the upper surface of the top dielectric substrate is provided with a first metal ring patch and four parasitic metal strips, and the four parasitic metal strips are respectively arranged around the first metal ring patch; a second metal ring patch is arranged between the top layer dielectric substrate and the middle layer dielectric substrate; two L-shaped branch coupling feed structures are arranged on the bottom layer dielectric substrate, and each L-shaped branch coupling feed structure comprises a metal microstrip line arranged on the upper surface of the bottom layer dielectric substrate and a metal through hole communicated with the upper surface and the lower surface of the bottom layer dielectric substrate; the lower surface of the bottom medium substrate is provided with a metal floor.
Further, the top dielectric substrate, the middle dielectric substrate and the bottom dielectric substrate are all made of Rogers RO4350B and have thicknesses of 0.2mm, 0.2mm and 0.76mm respectively.
Further, the first metal ring patch is arranged in the center of the upper surface of the top-layer dielectric substrate; the second metal ring patch is arranged at the center of the upper surface of the middle-layer dielectric substrate and the lower surface of the top-layer dielectric substrate.
Furthermore, the first metal ring patch and the second metal ring patch are centrosymmetric rings, each ring comprises a circular ring and a square ring, and the outer ring of the second metal ring patch is smaller than that of the first metal ring patch.
Further, the shapes of the parasitic metal strips include a trapezoid and a rectangle.
Furthermore, in the dual-frequency +/-45-degree dual-polarized antenna unit, in order to realize the dual-polarization same beam scanning characteristic in the antenna array, the placement positions of the two metal microstrip lines are +/-45 degrees, and the angle formed by the extension lines at the two ends of the two metal microstrip lines is 90 degrees;
the inward ends of the two metal microstrip lines on the upper surface of the bottom layer dielectric substrate are respectively positioned below the second metal ring patches;
the outward ends of the two metal microstrip lines on the upper surface of the bottom layer dielectric substrate are respectively positioned below the outer ring of the first metal ring patch.
Furthermore, one end of the metal via hole is connected with the outward end of the metal microstrip line, and the other end of the metal via hole is connected with the metal floor.
Further, when more than two even number of dual-frequency ± 45 ° dual-polarized antenna elements are arranged in a straight line to form the dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array, the L-shaped branch-coupled feeding structures in all the dual-frequency ± 45 ° dual-polarized antenna elements are symmetric with respect to the array axis of the dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array and are symmetric with respect to the normal direction of the array axis of the dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. compared with the antenna unit in the existing millimeter wave dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array, the antenna unit adopts the L-shaped branch-node coupling feed double-loop patch antenna with the parasitic patch, and has the characteristics of smaller volume and wider dual-frequency bandwidth. The bandwidth can cover the frequency bands of n 257-n 261 of 5G millimeter waves, the size of the antenna is 2.5mm multiplied by 1.16mm, and the size of the antenna array is 13.9mm multiplied by 2.5mm multiplied by 1.16mm, so that the size of the antenna array is smaller than that of the existing antenna array.
2. Compared with the existing millimeter wave dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array, the antenna array is formed by symmetrically and linearly arranging four compact dual-frequency +/-45-degree dual-polarized antenna units, and has a symmetric dual-polarized scanning characteristic.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an overall view of an antenna unit in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a front view of an antenna unit in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is an overall view of an antenna array in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a front view of an antenna array in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating an S parameter simulation result of an antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a simulation result of the gain of the antenna unit in the edge-emitting direction according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 shows an antenna element with +45 degree polarization at 27GHz,
The simulation result of the radiation pattern is shown schematically.
FIG. 8 shows an antenna element with +45 degree polarization at 39GHz,
The simulation result of the radiation pattern is shown schematically.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a simulation result of S-parameters of an antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of simulation results of the scanning pattern of the antenna array with +45 ° polarization at 27GHz in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a simulation result of a scanning pattern of the antenna array with +45 ° polarization at 39GHz in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example (b):
a compact dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array applied to millimeter wave beam scanning, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, includes four dual-frequency ± 45 ° dual-polarized antenna units symmetrically arranged in a straight line;
as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the dual-frequency ± 45 ° dual-polarized antenna unit includes a top dielectric substrate a, a middle dielectric substrate b, and a bottom dielectric substrate c from top to bottom;
the upper surface of the top dielectric substrate a is provided with a first metal ring patch 1 and four parasitic metal strips 3, and the four parasitic metal strips 3 are respectively arranged around the first metal ring patch 1; a second metal ring patch 2 is arranged between the top layer dielectric substrate a and the middle layer dielectric substrate b; two L-shaped branch coupling feed structures are arranged on the bottom layer dielectric substrate c, and each L-shaped branch coupling feed structure comprises a metal microstrip line 4 arranged on the upper surface of the bottom layer dielectric substrate c and a metal through hole 5 communicated with the upper surface and the lower surface of the bottom layer dielectric substrate c; the lower surface of the bottom medium substrate c is provided with a metal floor 6.
The first metal ring patch 1 and the second metal ring patch 2 of the L-shaped branch coupling feed realize high-low double-broadband characteristics, the size of the first metal ring patch 1 mainly determines a low-frequency resonance point of a double-frequency +/-45-degree dual-polarized antenna unit, and the L-shaped branch coupling feed structure generates a high-frequency resonance point; by adding the second metal ring patch 2 between the first metal ring patch 1 and the L-shaped branch coupling feed structure, an additional high-frequency resonance point is introduced, high-frequency impedance matching is effectively improved, high-frequency impedance bandwidth is increased, and high-frequency directional diagram performance is improved. Finally, four parasitic metal strips 3 are introduced around the first metal ring patch 1, so that the high-frequency polarization isolation of the dual-frequency +/-45-degree dual-polarized antenna unit is improved.
In this embodiment, the top dielectric substrate a, the middle dielectric substrate b and the bottom dielectric substrate c are all made of Rogers RO4350B, and have a relative dielectric constant of 3.48, a loss tangent of 0.0037, and thicknesses of 0.2mm, 0.2mm and 0.76mm, respectively.
The first metal ring patch 1 is arranged in the center of the upper surface of the top-layer dielectric substrate a; the second metal ring patch 2 is arranged at the center of the upper surface of the middle dielectric substrate b and the lower surface of the top dielectric substrate a.
The first metal ring patch 1 and the second metal ring patch 2 are centrosymmetric rings and comprise circular rings and square rings, and the outer ring of the second metal ring patch 2 is smaller than that of the first metal ring patch 1.
In this embodiment, in order to improve the high-frequency dual-polarization isolation, the parasitic metal strips 3 are trapezoidal, and in order to obtain better matching performance, the short sides of the four parasitic metal strips 3 face the first metal ring patch 1.
Further, in the dual-frequency ± 45 ° dual-polarized antenna unit, in order to realize the same dual-polarized beam scanning characteristic in the antenna array, the placement positions of the two metal microstrip lines 4 are ± 45 °, and the angle formed by the extension lines at the two ends thereof is 90 °;
the inward ends of the two metal microstrip lines 4 on the upper surface of the bottom layer dielectric substrate c are respectively positioned below the second metal ring patches 2;
the outward ends of the two metal microstrip lines 4 on the upper surface of the bottom layer dielectric substrate c are respectively positioned below the outer ring of the first metal ring patch 1.
One end of the metal via hole 5 is connected with the outward end of the metal microstrip line 4, and the other end is connected with the metal floor 6.
In this embodiment, the L-shaped branch-node coupled feed structures in the four dual-frequency ± 45 ° dual-polarized antenna units are symmetric with respect to the array axis of the dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array, and are symmetric with respect to the normal direction of the array axis of the dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array.
After the size parameters of each part of the millimeter wave compact dual-frequency ± 45 ° dual-polarized antenna unit are adjusted, verification simulation is performed on the millimeter wave compact dual-frequency ± 45 ° dual-polarized antenna unit of this embodiment through HFSS software simulation, in this embodiment, the size of the dual-frequency ± 45 ° dual-polarized antenna unit is 2.5mm × 2.5mm × 1.16mm, and the size of the antenna array is 13.9mm × 2.5mm × 1.16 mm. As shown in fig. 5, a curve of the simulation result of the S-parameter of the dual-frequency ± 45 ° dual-polarized antenna unit is given. The operating frequency bands of the dual-frequency +/-45-degree dual-polarized antenna unit are from 24.22 GHz to 30.5GHz and from 36.82 GHz to 45GHz, and the bandwidth can cover the frequency bands of 5G millimeter waves n 257-n 261. As shown in fig. 6, a simulation curve of the gain of the dual-frequency ± 45 ° dual-polarized antenna element in the edge-radiation direction is given. The gain at low frequencies is between 5.4 and 6.5dBi and the gain at frequencies is between 6 and 7.6 dBi. As shown in fig. 7 and 8, the simulation results of the radiation patterns of the dual-frequency ± 45 ° dual-polarized antenna unit with +45 ° polarization at 27GHz and 39GHz are respectively given. It can be seen that the cross-polarization is-20 dB at low frequencies and-16 dB at high frequencies.
As shown in fig. 9, a curve of the simulation result of the S parameter of the dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array of the present invention is given. The operating frequency bands of the dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array of the invention are from 24.5 to 29.3GHz and from 37.5 to 45 GHz. As shown in fig. 10 and 11, scanning simulation results of the dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array of the present invention with +45 ° polarization at 27GHz and 39GHz are respectively given. It can be seen that the dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array of the invention has a low-frequency scanning angle of + -58 degrees and a high-frequency scanning angle of + -32 degrees. Simulation results show that the dual-frequency +/-45-degree dual-polarized antenna unit simultaneously realizes the characteristics of miniaturization, dual-frequency and +/-45-degree dual polarization, and the bandwidth can cover the frequency bands of 5G millimeter waves n 257-n 261.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, so that the changes in the shape and principle of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A compact dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array applied to millimeter wave beam scanning is characterized by comprising more than two dual-frequency +/-45-degree dual-polarized antenna units which are linearly arranged in an even number;
the dual-frequency +/-45-degree dual-polarized antenna unit comprises a top dielectric substrate (a), a middle dielectric substrate (b) and a bottom dielectric substrate (c) from top to bottom;
the upper surface of the top dielectric substrate (a) is provided with a first metal ring patch (1) and four parasitic metal strips (3), and the four parasitic metal strips (3) are respectively arranged around the first metal ring patch (1); a second metal ring patch (2) is arranged between the top layer dielectric substrate (a) and the middle layer dielectric substrate (b); two L-shaped branch coupling feed structures are arranged on the bottom layer dielectric substrate (c), and each L-shaped branch coupling feed structure comprises a metal microstrip line (4) arranged on the upper surface of the bottom layer dielectric substrate (c) and a metal through hole (5) communicated with the upper surface and the lower surface of the bottom layer dielectric substrate (c); the lower surface of the bottom medium substrate (c) is provided with a metal floor (6).
2. The antenna array of claim 1, wherein the top dielectric substrate (a), the middle dielectric substrate (b) and the bottom dielectric substrate (c) are made of Rogers RO 4350B.
3. A compact dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array applied to millimeter wave beam scanning according to claim 1, wherein the thicknesses of the top dielectric substrate (a), the middle dielectric substrate (b) and the bottom dielectric substrate (c) are 0.2mm, 0.2mm and 0.76mm, respectively.
4. A compact dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array applied to millimeter wave beam scanning according to claim 1, wherein the first metal ring patch (1) is arranged at the center of the upper surface of the top dielectric substrate (a); the second metal ring patch (2) is arranged at the center of the upper surface of the middle dielectric substrate (b) and the lower surface of the top dielectric substrate (a).
5. The antenna array of claim 1, wherein the first metal ring patch (1) and the second metal ring patch (2) are both centrosymmetric rings, including circular rings and square rings, and the outer ring of the second metal ring patch (2) is smaller than that of the first metal ring patch (1).
6. A compact dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array applied to millimeter wave beam scanning according to claim 5, characterized in that the shape of the parasitic metal strips (3) comprises trapezoids and rectangles.
7. A compact dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array applied to millimeter wave beam scanning according to claim 5, wherein the inward ends of the two metal microstrip lines (4) on the upper surface of the bottom dielectric substrate (c) are respectively located below the second metal ring patch (2);
the outward ends of the two metal microstrip lines (4) on the upper surface of the bottom layer dielectric substrate (c) are respectively positioned below the outer ring of the first metal ring patch (1).
8. A compact dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array applied to millimeter wave beam scanning according to claim 7, characterized in that two microstrip metal lines (4) are placed at ± 45 °, and the angle formed by the extension lines at the two ends is 90 °.
9. The antenna array applied to millimeter wave beam scanning and provided with the dual-band dual-polarization compact structure is characterized in that one end of each metal via hole (5) is connected with the outward end of each metal microstrip line (4), and the other end of each metal via hole is connected with the metal floor (6).
10. The array of compact dual-frequency dual-polarized antennas applied to millimeter wave beam scanning according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein when more than two even number of dual-frequency ± 45 ° dual-polarized antenna elements are arranged in a straight line to form the array of dual-frequency dual-polarized antennas, the L-shaped branch-coupled feeding structures in all the dual-frequency ± 45 ° dual-polarized antenna elements are symmetric with respect to the array axis of the array of dual-frequency dual-polarized antennas and are symmetric with respect to the normal direction of the array axis of the array of dual-frequency dual-polarized antennas.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114944549A (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2022-08-26 | 显踪电子(苏州)有限公司 | Ultra-wideband communication omni-directional stable antenna unit, antenna array and antenna |
| CN115313044A (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2022-11-08 | 华南理工大学 | Isolation enhanced millimeter wave dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna |
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2021
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| CN115313044A (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2022-11-08 | 华南理工大学 | Isolation enhanced millimeter wave dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna |
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