CN114944549B - Ultra-wideband communication omnidirectional stable antenna unit, antenna array and antenna - Google Patents
Ultra-wideband communication omnidirectional stable antenna unit, antenna array and antenna Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/10—Resonant antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
- H01Q5/25—Ultra-wideband [UWB] systems, e.g. multiple resonance systems; Pulse systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
- H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/50—Feeding or matching arrangements for broad-band or multi-band operation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ultra-wideband communication omnidirectional stable antenna unit, an antenna array and an antenna. The antenna unit uses a half-wave array as a driving unit to excite other surrounding parasitic metal ring structures, so that the whole antenna structure can work in a wider frequency band; the half-wave array has better omnidirectionality, matching and efficiency on the first-order resonance mode, wherein the parasitic metal ring structure also works in the first-order half-wave working mode so as to keep the same omnidirectionality; because the length of the parasitic metal ring structure is smaller than that of the half-wave array serving as the driving unit, the working frequency of the parasitic metal ring structure is higher than that of the half-wave array, so that the antenna is ensured to keep an outward stable omnidirectional pattern on different frequencies. By the design, the antenna unit is compact in structure, thereby being beneficial to realizing miniaturization and improving the integration performance of the antenna.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to an ultra-wideband communication omni-directional stable antenna unit and an antenna array.
Background
The ultra-wideband communication is a communication mode with a very good prospect, the ultra-wideband communication is carried out by taking a wideband time domain pulse signal as a basis, the influence of multipath effect can be effectively resisted, and meanwhile, the ultra-wideband communication can carry more information; meanwhile, the time domain pulse signal has extremely strong path resolution capability and distance tracking capability, so that the time domain pulse signal plays a unique role in a positioning scene; in order to better exploit the unique advantages of ultra-wideband communication or positioning, it is desirable to have ultra-wideband communication systems maintain better stability within their operating bandwidths, including time-domain and frequency-domain characteristics; in a radio frequency channel, the signal controllability is very high, and a plurality of signal shaping methods can be used for stabilizing the signal waveform; the antenna acts as a conversion window for the radio frequency channel to radiate spatially, and its broadband or spatial characteristics directly affect the stability or fidelity of the transmitted signal waveform.
Conventional wideband antennas are mainly referred to as wideband antennas with matched antenna impedance, and more particularly, wideband antennas used for ultra-wideband communication; for conventional wideband antenna designs, there is little concern about the performance of other indicators of the antenna over a wideband; however, this is offset and contradictory to the inherent requirements of ultra-wideband communication; as mentioned above, ultra-wideband communication requires the system to maintain stability of multiple indexes over a wide frequency band, and of course, the same requirements are imposed on the antenna; the broadband of the impedance bandwidth is only a basis, and the radiation characteristic, the time delay characteristic and the consistency of all angles of the space of the antenna are also important factors influencing the performance of an ultra-wideband system; the time delay stability of the antenna can ensure that the antenna keeps the stability of frequency domain response at a specific angle, and the signal waveform transmission fidelity is higher; the stability of the directional diagram can ensure that the signal waveform transmission of the antenna in all directions in the coverage area is stable.
In order to keep the radiation characteristic of the antenna stable under the broadband, a plurality of electromagnetic structures are often used for mutual coupling to realize that the antenna keeps stable caliber gain when the broadband works, however, stable omnidirectional radiation performance under the broadband cannot be realized due to unstable phase centers of the electromagnetic structures.
The traditional wideband omni-directional antenna is based on the same fixed metal structure under wideband operation, so that the electrical size of the traditional wideband omni-directional antenna can change along with the change of frequency; when the frequency variation range is larger than a certain interval, the pattern is deformed, so that the stability of the pattern under the broadband cannot be maintained.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems pointed out in the background technology, the invention provides an ultra-wideband communication omnidirectional stable antenna unit, which can still keep better antenna bandwidth and matching under a multi-frequency array and can normally work on each narrowband frequency.
The technical scheme adopted by the application for realizing the purpose is as follows:
an ultra-wideband communication omnidirectional stable antenna unit consists of a tiled half-wave array driving unit and a plurality of parasitic metal ring structures tiled around the half-wave array driving unit; the lengths of the parasitic metal ring structures are smaller than the lengths of the half-wave array driving units; impedance matching is achieved between the half-wave array driving units and the parasitic metal ring structures, the sizes of the parasitic metal ring structures meet half-wavelength resonance boundary conditions of set frequencies, and the half-wave array driving units and the parasitic metal ring structures are in a first-order working mode on the set frequencies. The antenna unit has compact structure, is beneficial to realizing miniaturization and improves the integration performance of the antenna.
When the ultra-wideband communication omnidirectional stable antenna unit is used, an excitation source (signal source) is arranged near the center of a half-wave array driving unit, and the excitation source excites a plurality of surrounding parasitic metal ring structures through the half-wave array driving unit, so that a high-frequency part is guided to radiate by taking a first parasitic metal ring structure and a second parasitic metal ring structure as cores; the half-wave array driving units are coupled with a plurality of parasitic metal ring structures tiled around, similar to LC matching, the coupling distance between the parasitic metal ring structures and the half-wave array driving units is adjusted to adjust the distribution parameters between the parasitic metal ring structures, so that the impedance between the half-wave array driving units and the parasitic metal ring structures is matched; the size of the parasitic metal ring structure meets the half-wavelength resonance boundary condition of the set frequency, and the half-wave array driving units are in first-order working modes at different frequencies, so that a good omnidirectional pattern can be realized.
The setting of the coupling distance is mainly based on the input impedance of the parasitic metal ring structure at the corresponding frequency seen from the half-wave array driving unit; when the half-wave array driving unit and the parasitic metal ring structure reach impedance matching, the coupling distance is the optimal value. The coupling capacitance between the drive unit's own inductance and the parasitic square loop is critical to adjusting the matching. The shape and the size of the half-wave vibrator driving unit and the distance between the half-wave vibrator driving unit and the parasitic metal ring structure are adjusted to generate a plurality of resonant modes with the working frequencies close to each other, and the adjacent modes can be mutually combined through proper adjustment, so that the effect of widening the bandwidth of the antenna is achieved, and meanwhile, the stable omnidirectional radiation characteristic is ensured; the parasitic structures can be separated from each other by adjusting the working frequency of the parasitic structures, so that the multi-frequency operation of the antenna can be realized, namely, a plurality of relatively narrow-band operation bandwidths can be simultaneously supported.
The ultra-wideband omnidirectional stable antenna unit provided by the invention utilizes the length, shape and size of the half-wave array driving unit and the parasitic metal ring structure, the overlapping length and area between the half-wave array driving unit and the parasitic metal ring structure, and the optimization of the antenna impedance matching condition is realized by adjusting the coupling capacitance at the antenna unit part.
The half-wave array driving unit is used for exciting the parasitic metal ring structure, and the parasitic metal ring structure also works in a first-order half-wave working mode because the half-wave array driving unit has better omnidirectionality and matching efficiency on a first-order resonance mode, so that the whole antenna structure can work in a wider frequency band, and the surrounding parasitic metal ring structure is driven by the half-wave array driving unit to realize a stable pattern working mode under a broadband; because the length of the parasitic metal ring structure is smaller than that of the half-wave array serving as the driving unit, the working frequency of the parasitic metal ring structure is higher than that of the half-wave array driving unit, so that the antenna can keep an outward stable omnidirectional pattern on different frequencies, and meanwhile, the bandwidth of the antenna is further expanded; one or more parasitic metal loop structures may be added to achieve operation over a wider bandwidth, depending on functional requirements, such as bandwidth or different frequencies. The scheme of the application belongs to the design of the array antenna with the tight coupling effect, is not limited by the bandwidth of an antenna unit, and can generate the bandwidth effect by utilizing the capacitive coupling between the half-wave array driving unit and the parasitic metal ring structure. The half-wave array driving units and the parasitic metal ring structures are arranged very closely, so that multiple effective current paths are supported by utilizing the coupling enhancement effect, and the antenna has a more stable phase center along with frequency change, which cannot be achieved by the traditional antenna.
The half-wave array driving unit configuration mode comprises the following steps: metal wires, metal bars and strip-shaped metal sheets.
In one possible implementation, the cross-sectional shape of the number of parasitic metal ring structures includes any one of the following: square ring, circular ring, sawtooth ring, split ring resonator. The resonance performance of the parasitic metal ring structure and the matching depth of the antenna can be ensured due to the higher Q values of the shapes.
In a preferred implementation manner, the half-wave array driving unit further comprises a PCB board, and the half-wave array driving unit and the plurality of parasitic metal ring structures tiled around the half-wave array driving unit are printed on the PCB board. The antenna unit size is greatly reduced, so that miniaturization is realized, and the integration performance of the antenna is improved.
In one possible implementation manner, the half-wave array driving unit and the parasitic metal ring structures tiled around the half-wave array driving unit can be manufactured by using metal coaxial wires or metal rods.
In one possible implementation, the parasitic metal loop structure size, the coupling distance between the parasitic metal loop structure and the half-wave array drive unit are adjustably configured. The parasitic metal loop structure dimensions include width and length. For example, the size and the coupling distance of the parasitic metal ring structure can be controllably adjusted by a PZT piezoelectric ceramic displacer. The distance between the parasitic metal ring structure and the half-wave array driving unit and the size of the parasitic metal ring structure are adjusted to realize the work of the parasitic metal ring structure on a wide frequency band, and the work of the parasitic metal ring structure on multiple frequency points, namely the multi-frequency antenna, can be realized by remote distance and self-size adjustment. Furthermore, by adjusting the distance between the parasitic metal loop structure and the half-wave array drive unit to vary the amount of coupling, the smaller the distance, the smaller the contribution to the bandwidth and pattern.
In one possible implementation, Q-value adjusting switches are provided on several parasitic metal ring structures. The Q value of the parasitic ring is changed by utilizing the Q value regulating switch, the reconfiguration of the antenna is realized, the closing or opening of the parasitic metal ring structure is controlled according to the requirement, and the regulation or switching among the broadband, the narrowband and the multifrequency of the antenna is realized by controlling the working of the parasitic metal ring structure.
In one possible implementation, the Q-value adjusting switch provided on the parasitic metal ring structure includes: any one of an electronic switch, an adjustable capacitor and an adjustable inductor.
Advantageous effects
The antenna array provided by the application has a compact structure and is easy to integrate. Which maintains the omni-directional and frequency variation in azimuth pattern over a wide frequency spectrum.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide an understanding of the disclosed technology, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the technology of the disclosure and, together with the examples of the disclosure, do not constitute a limitation on the technology of the disclosure. The shapes and sizes of the various components in the drawings are not to scale, and are intended to be illustrative only of the present application.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an ultra wideband communication omni-directional stable antenna unit;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a printed PCB antenna;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the impedance bandwidth of a wideband antenna;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the impedance bandwidth of a multi-frequency antenna;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram at a frequency point of 1.7 GHz;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram at the frequency point of 2.2 GHz;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram at the frequency point of 2.5 GHz;
fig. 8 is a directional diagram of a horizontal plane cross section of the ultra wideband communication omni-directional stable antenna unit at each frequency point;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of signal radiation of time domain pulse waves at various angles in space;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of an omni-directional coverage antenna array;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of electromagnetic wave coupling of an antenna array;
fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of an omni-directional coverage line antenna array;
fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of a five-mode broadband multi-frequency omni-directional antenna;
fig. 14 is a diagram of a field-path hybrid equivalent circuit model of a binary coupled linear array;
fig. 15 is a diagram of an equivalent transmission line model for a plane wave perpendicularly incident from air to an ideal conductor plane.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Hereinafter, the terms "first," "second," "group a," "group B," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defining "first", "second", "group a", "group B", etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such features. In the description of the present application, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a number" is two or more.
In the present application, the azimuth or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "middle", and the like are based on the azimuth or positional relationship shown in the drawings. These terms are used primarily to better describe the present application and its embodiments and are not intended to limit the indicated device, element or component to a particular orientation or to be constructed and operated in a particular orientation.
The application provides an ultra-wideband communication omnidirectional stable antenna unit, an antenna array and an antenna. The antenna unit uses a half-wave array as a driving unit to excite other surrounding parasitic metal ring structures, so that the whole antenna structure can work in a wider frequency band; the half-wave array has better omnidirectionality, matching and efficiency on the first-order resonance mode, wherein the parasitic metal ring structure also works in the first-order half-wave working mode so as to keep the same omnidirectionality; because the length of the parasitic metal ring structure is smaller than that of the half-wave array serving as the driving unit, the working frequency of the parasitic metal ring structure is higher than that of the half-wave array, so that the antenna is ensured to keep an outward stable omnidirectional pattern on different frequencies. By the design, the antenna unit is compact in structure, is beneficial to achieving miniaturization, and can improve the integration performance of the antenna.
The ultra-wideband communication omni-directional stable antenna unit, the antenna array and the antenna provided by the application are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
An ultra-wideband communication omnidirectional stable antenna unit is shown in figure 1, and consists of a tiled half-wave array driving unit 1, a first parasitic metal ring structure 2 and a second parasitic metal ring structure 3 which are tiled around the half-wave array driving unit; the first parasitic metal ring structure and the second parasitic metal ring structure are square rings; the length and width dimensions of the first parasitic metal ring structure and the second parasitic metal ring structure are different, and the lengths are smaller than the lengths of the half-wave array driving units; the coupling amount is adjusted by setting the distance between the first parasitic metal ring structure, the second parasitic metal ring structure and the half-wave array driving unit; impedance matching is achieved among the half-wave array driving units, the first parasitic metal ring structure and the second parasitic metal ring structure, and the sizes of the first parasitic metal ring structure and the second parasitic metal ring structure meet half-wavelength resonance boundary conditions of set frequencies; the half-wave array driving unit, the first parasitic metal ring structure and the second parasitic metal ring structure are arranged in a coplanar mode, and the working modes are all first-order half-wave working modes.
The mutual coupling influence between the half-wave array driving unit and the surrounding parasitic metal ring structure in the ultra-wideband communication omnidirectional stable antenna unit can be understood as the influence among a plurality of ports, and the g-th is when the mutual coupling influence is considered 1 The individual port voltages are expressed as
Wherein Z is ing1 Representation unit g 1 Input impedance, Z g1g2 Representation unitg 1 And unit g 2 The mutual impedance between them.
Example two
An ultra-wideband communication omni-directional stable antenna unit, as shown in fig. 2, comprising: the PCB 4 is tiled on the half-wave array driving unit 1, the first parasitic metal ring structure 2 and the second parasitic metal ring structure 3; the first parasitic metal ring structure and the second parasitic metal ring structure are square rings, the lengths of the first parasitic metal ring structure and the second parasitic metal ring structure are smaller than the length of the half-wave array driving unit, and the working modes of the first parasitic metal ring structure and the second parasitic metal ring structure are first-order half-wave working modes.
Example III
An ultra-wideband communication omnidirectional stable antenna unit based on the first embodiment has a length of 15mm and a width of 0.5mm of a first parasitic metal ring structure; the length of the second parasitic metal ring structure is 16mm, and the width is 0.2mm; the length of the half-wave array driving unit is 23mm; the distance between the first parasitic metal ring structure and the half-wave array driving unit is 0.35mm, and the distance between the second parasitic metal ring structure and the half-wave array driving unit is 0.95mm. FIG. 3 is a diagram of the impedance bandwidth of the wideband antenna according to the present embodiment; it can be seen from the figure that very good omni-directional performance can be maintained in the ultra-wideband range of 1.6GHz-2.8 GHz. Fig. 4 is an impedance bandwidth diagram of the multi-frequency antenna according to the present embodiment, and it can be seen from the diagram that the wideband omni-directional antenna provided by the present invention not only can realize wideband operation through coupling, but also can realize multi-frequency band separation coverage through fine tuning design, and support multi-frequency band operation. Fig. 5 to 7 are schematic diagrams of three selected frequency points, from which it can be seen that very good omni-directional performance is exhibited in its azimuth plane. Fig. 8 is a direction diagram of a horizontal plane cross section of an omni-directional antenna at each frequency point, and it can be seen from the figure that the antenna of the present invention can achieve good omni-directional coverage characteristics at a plurality of frequency points with a large frequency width.
Example IV
In a high-fidelity transmit-receive antenna for wideband time domain pulse signals according to the first embodiment, as shown in fig. 9, if the antenna can maintain the stability of impedance and the stability of the directivity pattern over a wide frequency, the channel response of the pulse signals emitted in all directions in space can be kept highly consistent for a wideband time domain pulse signal, so that the high-fidelity emission of the antenna on the signals is realized, the influence on the pulse signals is smaller, and the recognition sensitivity of the whole ultra-wideband communication system is improved.
In ultra-wideband communication, high-fidelity receiving and transmitting of a wideband time domain pulse signal is realized, wherein the high-fidelity receiving and transmitting comprises a frequency dimension and a space dimension; the ultra-wideband antenna with stable omnidirectionality can keep the receiving and transmitting signals of the antenna to have better fidelity in space transmission.
Example five
An antenna array is an antenna array formed by an ultra-wideband communication omni-directional stable antenna unit array on the basis of the embodiment.
In many application scenarios, array shaping may be used in order to achieve a larger range of coverage or to increase the energy efficiency of the system; according to different requirements, a linear array, an area array and the like can be formed; the linear array or the planar array can have various arrangement modes, for example, for the linear array, the linear array axial direction is parallel to the array direction, or the linear array direction is perpendicular to the array direction; for an area array, the array axis may be parallel to the array plane, or the array axis may be perpendicular to the array plane.
As an example, ultra-wideband communication omnidirectional stable antenna units are used for being arrayed in a two-dimensional area array manner, and as shown in fig. 10, the antenna units are divided into an a-group antenna unit, a B-group antenna unit and a C-group antenna unit according to the arrangement manner of the antenna units; the antenna elements of group a are composed of the first antenna element 5, the second antenna element 6, and the third antenna element 7 adjacent to each other, the antenna elements of group B are composed of the fourth antenna element 8, the fifth antenna element 9, and the sixth antenna element 10 adjacent to each other, and the antenna elements of group C are composed of the seventh antenna element 11, the eighth antenna element 12, and the ninth antenna element 13 adjacent to each other. The same antenna element array is used in this embodiment, and the actual array design is not limited to the same antenna element array form. Because of the mutual coupling effect, the field intensity distribution of each antenna unit in space is different, and the mutual coupling effect among the antenna units affects the radiation impedance of other units, thereby affecting the input impedance and the reflection coefficient of the array.
In an embodiment, as shown in FIG. 11, when the antenna elements of group A are used as transmit antennas, the first antenna element is excited to transmit power A 0 A part of the energy of which is A 1 Reflected back to the input port. While other energy A 2 ，A 3 ，A 4 Radiated by the antenna unit A, a part of the radiated electromagnetic wave is radiated into the free space with the size A 2 A part of the antenna elements are received by the adjacent second antenna element and the adjacent third antenna element, and the power of the antenna elements is A 3 And A 4 . The B group antenna unit also receives the energy A coupled by the A group antenna unit 3 Partial energy A 5 Absorbed by the system and the rest energy A 6 ，A 7 ，A 8 Radiating into space through the B group antenna elements. A is that 6 I.e. energy radiated into space, A 7 And A 8 I.e. the energy coupled by the neighboring cells. While at the same time each element in the array generates radiant energy, affecting the surrounding radiating elements accordingly. In an array system, adjacent antenna elements have the greatest coupling effect, and antennas farther away typically have less coupling effect. For the coupled external energy, no excitation energy is generated by itself, which is from the outside. Therefore, in the array of this embodiment, the mutual coupling between two adjacent units is not only related to the two units, but also related to the indirect coupling between the antenna units, and each antenna in the middle can be used as a channel for coupling between the respective antenna units. The strength of the coupling effect between the arrays is mainly determined by the circuit distribution of the units, the relative positions of the units, the feed structure of the units and the radiation direction of the arrays.
As shown in fig. 12, the omni-directional stable antenna elements are grouped in a linear array using ultra-wideband communication. Other array modes can be expanded according to the use scene to realize an omnidirectional array with higher gain.
A half-wave array driving unit in an ultra-wideband communication omnidirectional stable antenna unit can be regarded as a dipole, and for a plurality of tightly coupled units, each unit can be regarded as a dipole input impedance and a dipole input impedanceShort-circuit transmission lines with parallel impedance are formed among different parasitic metal ring structures. When the tightly coupled array is designed, the impedance bandwidth of the low-frequency end can be further widened by reasonably adjusting the coupling mode and the coupling strength between the array antenna units, so that the input impedance of the antennaThe reactance characteristics of (2) cancel each other out within the operating bandwidth, and the pure resistance characteristics are exhibited to facilitate matching. Z is Z in Input impedance for antenna, < >>Is the impedance of the transmission line looking from the array antenna into free space,>is the impedance from the array antenna to the different parasitic metal loop structures, j is the complex number describing the antenna impedance characteristics.
The invention utilizes a field-path hybrid model of the coupled array to analyze the electromagnetic field generated by current excitation due to the mutual inductance effect between adjacent arrays under the condition of multiple antennas. The plane wave is perpendicularly incident to the equivalent transmission line model of the conductor surface by air, if the air part is equivalent to the characteristic impedance Z air And Z is air Represented as
In the field-path hybrid equivalent circuit model of the binary coupled line array shown in fig. 14, according to the equivalent transmission line theory, the incident wave incident on the coupling unit can be equivalently two voltage sources with the same amplitude, which are respectively expressed as Phase difference and incoming wave direction of two voltage sourcesThe correlations may be expressed as Δβ, respectively 21 ＝β v2 -β v1 = -kdsin θ. Where k is the wave vector and d is the inter-cell distance. The coupling units respectively use constant self-impedance delta beta 21 ＝β v2 -β v1 = -kdsin θ. The coupling units are respectively connected with constant self-impedance Z 11 ＝R 1 +jX 1 And Z 22 ＝R 2 +jX 2 Constant trans-impedance Z 12 ＝Z 21 ＝R M +jX M Modeling the representation. The relationship between the incident wave and the coupling unit can be expressed as
FIG. 15 shows a model of an equivalent transmission line for plane waves perpendicularly incident from air to an ideal conductor plane, where equation (3) can be extended to a two-dimensional coupled array of L=M N cells and L RF receive paths when the binary coupled array is extended to a two-dimensional coupled array of L=M N cells
The final matrix form is
In an actual antenna design process, the magnitude of the current, and thus the impedance of each antenna, may be varied to adjust the induced current on the final response other antennas.
Example six
A five-mode broadband multi-frequency omni-directional antenna based on the first embodiment is shown in fig. 13, and is composed of a half-wave array driving unit and a first parasitic metal ring structure, a second parasitic metal ring structure, a third parasitic metal ring structure and a fourth parasitic metal ring structure which are arranged around the half-wave array driving unit; the first parasitic metal ring structure and the second parasitic metal ring structure are arranged in a coplanar manner, the third parasitic metal ring structure and the fourth parasitic metal ring structure are arranged in a coplanar manner, and the planes of the first parasitic metal ring structure and the second parasitic metal ring structure are perpendicular to the planes of the third parasitic metal ring structure and the fourth parasitic metal ring structure. The half-wave array driving unit is used as a dipole driving unit, and five resonance modes are excited altogether through the coupling between the four parasitic metal ring structures and the half-wave array driving unit. Compared with the traditional multi-electromagnetic structure antenna, the electromagnetic wave excited by the mode has the characteristics of broadband and directional pattern omnidirectional stability, so that the stability performance of the time domain and frequency domain response of the antenna and the high fidelity of signals are ensured. In the embodiment, better antenna bandwidth and matching can still be kept under the multi-frequency array, and normal operation of the antenna on each narrow-band frequency is realized.
Compared with the traditional method for manufacturing the small omnidirectional single-polarization antenna, the antenna disclosed by the invention has the advantages of compact structure and easiness in integration. Most importantly, its azimuthal pattern maintains omni-directional and frequency variation over a broad frequency spectrum.
The foregoing embodiments are provided to illustrate the technical concept and features of the present application and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present application and implement the same according to the contents, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application. All such equivalent changes and modifications as come within the spirit of the disclosure are desired to be protected.
Claims (9)
1. An ultra-wideband communication omnidirectional stable antenna unit, characterized in that: the device consists of a tiled half-wave array driving unit and a plurality of parasitic metal ring structures tiled around the half-wave array driving unit; the lengths of the parasitic metal ring structures are smaller than the lengths of the half-wave array driving units; impedance matching is achieved between the half-wave array driving units and the parasitic metal ring structures, and the sizes of the parasitic metal ring structures meet half-wavelength resonance boundary conditions of set frequencies; the working modes of the half-wave array driving unit and the parasitic metal ring structures are first-order half-wave working modes; the half-wave array driving unit configuration mode comprises the following steps: any one of metal wires, metal bars and strip-shaped metal sheets; the cross-sectional shape of the number of parasitic metal ring structures includes any one of: square ring, circular ring, sawtooth ring, split ring resonator.
2. An ultra wideband communication omni-directional stable antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: the circuit also comprises a PCB board, wherein the half-wave array driving unit and a plurality of parasitic metal ring structures tiled around the half-wave array driving unit are printed on the PCB board.
3. An ultra wideband communication omni-directional stable antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: the half-wave array driving unit and a plurality of parasitic metal ring structures tiled around the half-wave array driving unit are manufactured by using metal coaxial wires or metal rods.
4. An ultra wideband communication omni-directional stable antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: the parasitic metal loop structure size, the distance between the parasitic metal loop structure and the half-wave array drive unit are adjustably configured.
5. An ultra wideband communication omni-directional stable antenna unit according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: q value regulating switches are arranged on the parasitic metal rings.
6. An ultra wideband communication omni-directional stable antenna unit according to claim 5, characterized in that: the Q value adjusting switch includes: any one of an electronic switch, an adjustable capacitor and an adjustable inductor.
7. The utility model provides a high-fidelity transceiver antenna of broadband time domain pulse signal which characterized in that: an ultra wideband communication omni-directional stable antenna unit comprising the device of any of claims 1-6.
8. An antenna array, characterized by: an ultra wideband communication omni-directional stable antenna unit comprising the device of any of claims 1-6.
9. A five-mode broadband multi-frequency omni-directional antenna, characterized by: an ultra-wideband communication omni-directional stable antenna unit comprising the structure of any of claims 1-6, the plurality of parasitic metal loops being: a first parasitic metal ring structure, a second parasitic metal ring structure, a third parasitic metal ring structure, a fourth parasitic metal ring structure; the first parasitic metal ring structure and the second parasitic metal ring structure are arranged in a coplanar manner, the third parasitic metal ring structure and the fourth parasitic metal ring structure are arranged in a coplanar manner, and the planes of the first parasitic metal ring structure and the second parasitic metal ring structure are perpendicular to the planes of the third parasitic metal ring structure and the fourth parasitic metal ring structure.
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