WO2022012672A1

WO2022012672A1 - Self-adaptive intelligent antenna, and distributed rru and wireless communication system

Info

Publication number: WO2022012672A1
Application number: PCT/CN2021/106776
Authority: WO
Inventors: 杨蕾; 朱毛毛; 奈春英
Original assignee: 华为技术有限公司
Priority date: 2020-07-16
Filing date: 2021-07-16
Publication date: 2022-01-20
Also published as: CN113948868A

Abstract

Disclosed are a self-adaptive intelligent antenna, a distributed remote radio unit (RRU), and a wireless communication system, which relate to the technical field of antennas, and can expand an overlapping area between the RRUs and improve the capacity and data transmission rate, while also ensuring a certain backward coverage area of the RRU, so as to improve the edge user experience. In the present application, the RRU controls a plurality of diodes of a directional unit according to a control signal from a baseband unit (BBU), so as to control the coupling state of the directional unit, flexibly switch an RRU antenna beam, and select an optimal beam combination. A combination of an omnidirectional pattern and a directional pattern that meets a preset range is comprised, thereby making it possible to expand an overlapping area between the RRUs and improve the capacity and data transmission rate, while also ensuring a certain backward coverage area of the RRU, so as to improve the edge user experience.

Description

Adaptive Smart Antenna, Distributed RRU and Wireless Communication System

This application claims the priority of the Chinese patent application with the application number 202010688754.6 and the application name "Adaptive Smart Antenna, Distributed RRU and Wireless Communication System" submitted to the State Intellectual Property Office on July 16, 2020, the entire contents of which are approved by Reference is incorporated in this application.

technical field

The embodiments of the present application relate to the field of antenna technologies, and in particular, to an adaptive smart antenna, a distributed RRU, and a wireless communication system.

Background technique

In the rapid development of today's wireless communication systems, with the increase of the number of sites and the increase of site density, the overlapping coverage between cells increases, and the problem of co-channel interference is serious.

In order to solve the above problems, the distributed multiple-input multiple-output (D-MIMO) technology is introduced. D-MIMO technology can perform joint data transmission and reception through antennas distributed in different spatial positions through a centralized baseband unit (BBU) and a distributed remote radio unit (RRU), thereby reducing the original interference. The signal becomes a useful signal. Since the positions of each antenna in space are different, the spatial channel resolution is significantly improved where the antenna coverage of multiple RRUs overlaps, and a higher MIMO technology gain can be obtained. Therefore, in the D-MIMO technology, expanding the overlapping area between multiple RRUs of the same BBU can improve the capacity and data transmission rate by taking advantage of the advantages of the multi-MIMO technology. For the indoor wireless access point (AP) using D-MIMO technology, if the directional beam of the current smart antenna (for example, the front-to-back ratio is more than 10dB) is still used to achieve this purpose, the forward direction (toward other RRU direction) radiation is too strong, and backward radiation is too weak, which is not conducive to improving the BBU edge customer experience, especially the BBU edge customer experience in the case of uplink transmission where the client location is not clear.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present application provides an adaptive smart antenna, a distributed RRU and a wireless communication system, which can expand the overlapping area between RRUs, improve capacity and data transmission rate, and at the same time ensure a certain RRU backward coverage area to improve edge user experience.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiment of the present application adopts the following technical solutions:

In a first aspect, an adaptive smart antenna is provided, the antenna includes: a dielectric plate, on which an omnidirectional radiation unit and a directional unit are arranged; the directional unit is arranged on the periphery of the omnidirectional radiation unit; the directional unit is used for By coupling the energy radiated by the omnidirectional radiation unit, the radiation direction of the omnidirectional radiation unit is changed; wherein, the front-to-back ratio of at least one directional beam of the antenna satisfies a preset range.

In the antenna provided in the first aspect, the RRU antenna beam can be flexibly switched to select the optimal beam combination by controlling the working state of the directional unit disposed on the periphery of the omnidirectional radiating unit. It includes the combination of omnidirectional pattern and directional pattern that meets the preset range, expands the overlapping area between RRUs, improves capacity and data transmission rate, and ensures a certain RRU backward coverage area to improve edge user experience.

In a possible implementation manner, the above-mentioned dielectric plate includes a first surface and a second surface that are opposite to each other; the antenna further includes: a metal plate, the dielectric plate is connected to the metal plate through a support structure, and the side of the dielectric plate closest to the metal plate is first surface.

In a possible implementation manner, the above-mentioned directional unit includes at least one annular parasitic unit, and a diode is provided on the annular parasitic unit, and the diode is controlled to be turned on and off by a DC bias voltage, for controlling each annular parasitic unit The coupling state of the parasitic element, thereby realizing different antenna patterns. The present application supports to control the coupling state of the directional unit, flexibly switch the RRU antenna beam, and select the optimal beam combination by controlling the working state of the diode on each ring-shaped parasitic unit in the directional unit arranged on the periphery of the omnidirectional radiating unit.

In a possible implementation manner, the above-mentioned annular parasitic unit includes one or more of the following: a circular ring parasitic unit, a rectangular ring parasitic unit or a polygonal ring parasitic unit. The present application supports ring parasitic elements of different shapes, such as circular ring parasitic elements, rectangular ring parasitic elements, or polygonal ring parasitic elements.

In a possible implementation manner, the above-mentioned directional unit includes at least one director, each director is provided with a diode, and the diode is controlled to be turned on and off by a DC bias voltage, for controlling each director The coupling state of the diverter can realize different antenna patterns. The present application supports to control the coupling state of the directional unit, flexibly switch the RRU antenna beam, and select the optimal beam combination by controlling the working state of the diode on each director of the directional unit arranged on the periphery of the omnidirectional radiating unit.

In a possible implementation manner, the directional unit includes m annular parasitic units and m directors, where m is a positive integer, and m>1; the m directors and the m annular parasitic units surround omnidirectionally Radiation units are set symmetrically. The present application supports to control the coupling state of the directional unit and flexibly switch the RRU antenna beam by controlling the working states of m annular parasitic units and m diodes on the director symmetrically arranged in the directional unit on the periphery of the omnidirectional radiating unit, Choose the optimal beam combination.

In a possible implementation manner, the m annular parasitic units are disposed on the first surface of the dielectric plate, and the m directors are disposed on the second surface of the dielectric plate; or, the m annular parasitic units are disposed on the dielectric plate On the second surface of the board, the m directors are arranged on the first surface of the dielectric board; or, the m annular parasitic units and the m directors are all arranged on the first surface of the dielectric board; or, the m above Both the annular parasitic unit and the m directors are arranged on the second surface of the dielectric plate. The antenna in this application supports disposing the directional unit on the first surface and the second surface of the dielectric plate, or disposing a part of the directional unit on the first surface of the dielectric plate, and disposing another part of the directional unit on the second surface of the dielectric plate surface.

In a possible implementation manner, the above-mentioned omnidirectional radiation unit includes a plurality of dipoles surrounding the center point of the dielectric plate; the lengths of the plurality of dipoles are equal. The antenna support in the present application consists of a plurality of dipoles surrounding the center point of the dielectric plate to form an omnidirectional radiating element.

In a possible implementation manner, the above-mentioned omnidirectional radiation unit includes a first arc-shaped dipole, a second arc-shaped dipole, a third arc-shaped dipole, and a fourth arc-shaped dipole surrounding the center point of the dielectric plate Dipole. The antenna support in the present application consists of a plurality of arc-shaped dipoles (eg, 4 arc-shaped dipoles) surrounding the center point of the dielectric plate to form an omnidirectional radiating unit.

In a possible implementation manner, the above-mentioned orientation unit includes 4 annular parasitic units; the 4 annular parasitic units are respectively arranged outside the first position, the second position, the third position and the fourth position; wherein, the first position A position is between the first arc dipole and the second arc dipole, the second position is between the second arc dipole and the third arc dipole, and the third position is in the third arc between the fourth arc-shaped dipole and the fourth arc-shaped dipole, and the fourth position is between the fourth arc-shaped dipole and the first arc-shaped dipole. The antenna in this application supports the arrangement of multiple annular parasitic elements (eg, 4 annular parasitic elements) of the directional unit respectively between multiple arc-shaped dipoles (eg, 4 arc-shaped dipoles) constituting the omnidirectional radiation unit. outside the room.

In a possible implementation manner, the above-mentioned dielectric board is an FR-4 dielectric board.

In a possible implementation manner, the distance d∈[8mm, 15mm] between the dielectric plate and the metal plate, the size of the metal plate is 190mm×190mm, the size of the dielectric plate is 55mm×55mm, and the thickness of the dielectric plate is h ∈ [0.5mm, 1.5mm].

In a possible implementation manner, the preset range of the front-to-back ratio of at least one directional beam of the above-mentioned antenna is [3dB, 9dB].

In a possible implementation manner, the above-mentioned antenna further includes: a feeding unit located at the center point of the dielectric plate, where the feeding unit is used to feed the omnidirectional radiation unit. As a feeding method, the adaptive smart antenna provided by the present application supports feeding in an external feeding method.

In a second aspect, a method for adjusting the radiation direction of an adaptive smart antenna is provided, and the method is applied to a first RRU; the first RRU includes an adaptive smart antenna, and the adaptive smart antenna includes: a medium board, and the medium board is provided with The omnidirectional radiation unit and the directional unit; the directional unit is arranged on the periphery of the omnidirectional radiation unit; the above method includes: the first RRU receives a control signal from the first BBU; the first RRU controls the coupling state of the directional unit according to the control signal , so as to achieve different antenna patterns; wherein, when the directional unit is working, the directional unit is used to couple the energy radiated by the omnidirectional radiation unit to change the radiation direction of the omnidirectional radiation unit, so that at least one of the adaptive smart antennas The front-to-back ratio of the directional beam satisfies the preset range.

In the method provided by the second aspect, the RRU controls the coupling state of the directional unit according to the control signal from the BBU, flexibly switches the RRU antenna beam, and selects the optimal beam combination. It includes the combination of omnidirectional pattern and directional pattern that meets the preset range, expands the overlapping area between RRUs, improves capacity and data transmission rate, and ensures a certain RRU backward coverage area to improve edge user experience.

In a possible implementation manner, the above-mentioned directional unit is provided with a plurality of diodes; the above-mentioned first RRU controls the coupling state of the directional unit according to the control signal, so as to realize different antenna patterns, including: the first RRU according to the control signal Voltages are applied to multiple diodes to control the coupling state of the directional elements, thereby realizing different antenna patterns. The RRU controls multiple diodes of the directional unit according to the control signal from the BBU to control the coupling state of the directional unit, flexibly switches the RRU antenna beam, and selects the optimal beam combination.

In a possible implementation manner, the above-mentioned preset range is [3dB, 9dB].

In a possible implementation manner, the above-mentioned adaptive smart antenna has the structure as in any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.

In a possible implementation manner, the above method is applied in the uplink communication process, or in both the uplink and downlink communication processes.

In a third aspect, a method for adjusting the radiation direction of an adaptive smart antenna is provided, the method is applied to a first BBU, and the first BBU is connected to multiple RRUs through optical fibers; the method includes: the first BBU controls the multiple RRUs to press The preset sequence traverses omnidirectional beams and directional beams in four orientations to send and receive signals, and compares the level values of the received signals; the front-to-back ratios of the directional beams in the four orientations meet the preset range; the first BBU adopts the above-mentioned directional beams according to the first RRU. The directional beams of the four orientations receive the signal quality when the second RRU uses the omnidirectional beam alone to transmit signals, and select the directional beam orientation corresponding to the best receiving effect, so as to determine the antenna adjustment information of the first RRU; the first RRU is the above-mentioned multiple RRUs In any one of the above-mentioned RRUs, the second RRU is another RRU except the first RRU; the first BBU sends a control signal to the first RRU; the control signal is used to control the radiation range of the first RRU, so that the first RRU The front-to-back ratio of an RRU satisfies a preset range.

In the method provided by the third aspect, the BBU determines the best receiving effect by comparing the level values of the signals received by traversing the omnidirectional beams in a preset order and the front-to-back ratios of the four directions of the directional beams that satisfy the preset range. Corresponding directional beam orientation, thereby determining the antenna adjustment information of each RRU; and sending a control signal to each RRU to control the coupling state of the directional unit of the RRU, flexibly switch the RRU antenna beam, and select the optimal beam combination.

In a fourth aspect, an RRU is provided, where the RRU includes: an adaptive smart antenna according to the first aspect and any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.

In a possible implementation manner, the above RRU and one or more other RRUs are all connected to the first BBU through optical fibers.

In a possible implementation manner, the above RRU is an access point AP.

In a fifth aspect, a BBU is provided, the BBU comprising: a memory for storing a computer program; a radio frequency circuit for receiving and transmitting radio signals; a processor for executing the computer program to achieve the third aspect and The method in any possible implementation manner of the third aspect.

According to a sixth aspect, a wireless communication system is provided, and the wireless communication system includes: the BBU according to the fifth aspect, and the RRU according to the fourth aspect and any possible implementation manner of the fourth aspect.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a network architecture diagram to which an adaptive smart antenna according to an embodiment of the present application can be applied;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of two types of antenna coverage areas provided in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram 1 of an adaptive smart antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 4 is a second schematic structural diagram of an adaptive smart antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 5 is a third schematic structural diagram of an adaptive smart antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 6 is a fourth schematic structural diagram of an adaptive smart antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 7 is a schematic front view structure diagram of an adaptive smart antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 8 is a fifth structural schematic diagram of an adaptive smart antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 9 is a simulation diagram 1 of a radiation direction of an adaptive smart antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 10 is a second simulation diagram of the radiation direction of the adaptive smart antenna provided by the embodiment of the application;

FIG. 11 is a sixth schematic structural diagram of an adaptive smart antenna provided by an embodiment of the application;

FIG. 12 is a simulation diagram 3 of the radiation direction of the adaptive smart antenna provided by the embodiment of the application;

FIG. 13 is a seventh schematic structural diagram of an adaptive smart antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 14 is a simulation diagram 4 of the radiation direction of the adaptive smart antenna provided by the embodiment of the application;

FIG. 15 is a simulation diagram 5 of the radiation direction of the adaptive smart antenna provided by the embodiment of the application;

FIG. 16 is a simulation diagram 6 of the radiation direction of the adaptive smart antenna provided by the embodiment of the application;

FIG. 17 is a simulation FIG. 7 of the radiation direction of the adaptive smart antenna provided by the embodiment of the application;

18 is a flowchart of a method for adjusting the radiation direction of an adaptive smart antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of a hardware structure of a network device according to an embodiment of the present application.

detailed description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application.

In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Hereinafter, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes, and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first", "second", etc., may expressly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, unless stated otherwise, "plurality" means two or more.

In addition, in this application, orientation terms such as "upper" and "lower" are defined relative to the orientation in which the components in the drawings are schematically placed. It should be understood that these directional terms are relative concepts, and they are used for relative In the description and clarification of the drawings, it may change correspondingly according to the change of the orientation in which the components are placed in the drawings.

An embodiment of the present application provides an adaptive smart antenna, and the adaptive smart antenna can be applied to the distributed RRU network architecture shown in FIG. 1 . In different scenarios, the RRU may exist in different forms, for example, the RRU may be an access point AP. This embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific application scenario of the network architecture shown in FIG. 1 .

In the distributed RRU network architecture shown in Figure 1, the RRU is mainly used to convert digital baseband signals into high frequency (radio frequency) signals, and send the high frequency (radio frequency) signals to the antenna for radiation; or receive high frequency (radio frequency) signals. ) signal and convert the high frequency (radio frequency) signal into a digital baseband signal. The BBU is mainly used to perform data processing such as signal demodulation, and control the antenna beam of the RRU. For example, the transmission mode between the BBU and the RRU is wired transmission (eg, optical fiber transmission), and the RRU is then connected to the antenna through a coaxial cable or the like. That is, the trunk adopts optical fiber, and the branch adopts coaxial cable. During downlink transmission, the BBU can transmit the user's digital baseband signal from the designated RRU through optical fiber to reduce interference to users on other channels in the same cell. During uplink transmission, the user's mobile phone signal is received by the nearest RRU, and then transmitted from the RRU to the BBU through the fiber to reduce the interference between users on different channels. Regarding the structure and working principle of the BBU and the RRU, reference may be made to the introduction and description in the conventional technology, and details are not repeated here.

As shown in (a) of Fig. 2, the coverage areas of RRU 1, RRU 2 and RRU 3 are all symmetrical coverage areas. Among them, area A1 is the overlapping area of the coverage areas of RRU 1 and RRU 2; area B1 is the overlapping area of the coverage areas of RRU 1 and RRU3; area C1 is the overlapping area of the coverage areas of RRU 2 and RRU 3; area D1 is the overlapping area of RRU 1. The overlapping area of the coverage areas of the three RRUs, RRU 2 and RRU 3. In the area covered by RRU 1, RRU 2 or RRU 3 alone, users can only access the network through one RRU. For example, in the area covered by RRU1 alone, users can access the network only through RRU1. At the inter-cell edge between RRU1 and RRU2, the user accesses the network through the joint RRU1 and RRU2. However, in the overlapping coverage area of multiple RRUs, the user accesses the network through the joint access of the multiple RRUs.

As shown in (b) of FIG. 2, the coverage areas of RRU 1, RRU 2 and RRU 3 are all asymmetric coverage areas. Wherein, area A2 is the overlapping area of the coverage areas of RRU 1 and RRU 2; area B2 is the overlapping area of the coverage areas of RRU 1 and RRU 3; area C2 is the overlapping area of the coverage areas of RRU 2 and RRU 3; area D2 is the overlapping area of the coverage areas of RRU 1 and RRU 3; The overlapping area of the coverage areas of the three RRUs, RRU 1, RRU 2, and RRU 3. It can be understood that, compared with the symmetric coverage scheme shown in (a) in FIG. 2, the asymmetric coverage scheme shown in (b) in FIG. 2 can both expand the overlapping area of the coverage areas between RRUs and improve the capacity and data. It can also ensure a certain RRU backward coverage area, improve the edge user experience, especially for uplink transmission scenarios where the location of the client is unknown.

Further, in this application, the antenna beam of the RRU is flexibly controlled by controlling the adaptive smart antenna to adapt to changes in different scenarios, different installation positions, and the like. For example, the RRU is controlled to traverse the antenna beam combination and select the optimal beam combination.

The structure of an adaptive smart antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

An adaptive smart antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application includes: a medium plate, where an omnidirectional radiation unit and a directional unit are arranged on the medium plate. The directional unit is arranged on the periphery of the omnidirectional radiation unit; the directional unit is used to change the radiation direction of the omnidirectional radiation unit by coupling the energy radiated by the omnidirectional radiation unit, so that the front and rear of at least one directional beam of the adaptive smart antenna than meet the preset range.

Exemplarily, in this application, the preset range may be [3dB, 9dB]. The dielectric material of the dielectric board can be FR-4 grade dielectric material. For example, the dielectric board can be epoxy board, epoxy board, brominated epoxy board, glass fiber board, flexible circuit board reinforcement board, epoxy glass cloth board or epoxy glass cloth laminate, etc., or, dielectric board It can also be composed of any other material, which is not limited in this application.

In this application, the dielectric plate may be square, rectangular, circular, triangular or other shapes, which are not limited in this application. In addition, the present application does not limit the size of the dielectric plate. The specific shape and size of the dielectric plate depends on the structure of the adaptive smart antenna.

For example, when the dielectric board is square, the size of the dielectric board may be 55mm×55mm, and the thickness of the dielectric board is h∈[0.5mm, 1.5mm]. When the medium plate is circular, the diameter of the medium plate may be 55mm, and the thickness of the medium plate h∈[0.5mm, 1.5mm]. When the dielectric board is triangular, the side length of the dielectric board may be 63mm, and the thickness of the dielectric board is h∈[0.5mm, 1.5mm]. When the medium plate is rectangular, the size of the medium plate may be 55mm×45mm, and the thickness of the medium plate is h∈[0.5mm, 1.5mm].

In the present application, the omnidirectional radiating element may include a plurality of dipoles of equal length around the center point of the dielectric plate.

In one possible configuration, the orientation unit may comprise at least one annular parasitic unit. Wherein, each annular parasitic unit is provided with a diode, and the diode is controlled to be turned on and off by a DC bias voltage to control the coupling state of each annular parasitic unit, thereby realizing different antenna patterns. The working principle of the ring parasitic unit is: when the diode on the ring unit is disconnected, the resonance frequency of the ring unit is high and the coupled energy is small, so it has little influence on the pattern of the omnidirectional radiating unit, and is still full. towards the beam. When the diode on the ring unit is in a conducting state, the resonant frequency of the ring unit decreases, and the coupled energy increases, so it has a certain influence on the pattern of the omnidirectional radiation unit, and realizes a directional beam whose front-to-back ratio meets the preset range.

In the present application, the BBU (eg, the first BBU) can control the coupling states of the control directional units of the multiple RRUs (including the first RRU) through the control signal, thereby realizing different antenna patterns. Specifically, the RRU (eg, the first RRU) can load voltages on multiple diodes of the directional unit according to the control signal from the BBU (eg, the first BBU) to control the coupling state of the directional unit, thereby realizing different antenna patterns.

Exemplarily, the BBU (such as the first BBU) may first control multiple RRUs (including the first RRU) to traverse the omnidirectional beams and the directional beams whose front-to-back ratios of the four orientations satisfy the preset range in a preset order to send and receive signals, and compare The level value of the received signal. Then, perform the following operations on each of the multiple RRUs: select the best receiving effect according to the signal quality when the RRU (such as the first RRU) uses the directional beams with four orientations to receive signals from other RRUs that transmit signals with omnidirectional beams alone The corresponding directional beam orientation is used to determine the antenna adjustment information of the RRU (eg, the first RRU). Wherein, the front-to-back ratios of the directional beams of the above four orientations satisfy a preset range. Finally, the first BBU sends a control signal to the RRU (eg, the first RRU). The control signal is used to control the radiation range of the above-mentioned RRU (such as the first RRU), so that the front-to-back ratio of the above-mentioned RRU (such as the first RRU) satisfies the preset range.

Exemplarily, the above-mentioned ring parasitic unit may be a circular ring parasitic unit, a rectangular ring parasitic unit or a polygonal ring parasitic unit, etc. The application does not limit the specific shape.

Please refer to FIG. 3 , which is a schematic structural diagram of an adaptive smart antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 3 , the adaptive smart antenna includes: a dielectric plate, on which an omnidirectional radiation unit and a directional unit are arranged. The omnidirectional radiation unit includes a first arc-shaped dipole 311 , a second arc-shaped dipole 312 , a third arc-shaped dipole 313 and a fourth arc-shaped dipole 314 surrounding the center point of the dielectric plate. The directional unit includes a first annular parasitic unit 321 , a second annular parasitic unit 322 , a third annular parasitic unit 323 and a fourth annular parasitic unit 324 disposed on the periphery of the omnidirectional radiation unit.

In this application, the feeding mode of the adaptive smart antenna may be external feeding or self-feeding. For example, an adaptive smart antenna is fed by a feed unit located at the center point of the dielectric plate. For example, the adaptive smart antenna shown in Figure 4 includes a feed unit located at the center point of the dielectric plate. The feeding unit feeds the feeding port of each arc-shaped dipole of the omnidirectional radiating unit.

It should be noted that, in Figure 3, the dielectric plate is a square, the omnidirectional radiating unit is formed by four arc-shaped dipoles with the same length, and the directional unit includes 4 annular parasitic units, and the annular parasitic unit is a circular parasitic unit. As an example, a possible structure of the adaptive smart antenna in the embodiment of the present application is introduced. The adaptive smart antenna provided by the embodiments of the present application may also be other combinations of dielectric plates of other shapes, omnidirectional radiation units of other structures, and directional units of other structures.

For example, please refer to FIG. 5, which shows a schematic structural diagram of another adaptive smart antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 5 , the adaptive smart antenna includes: a dielectric plate, on which an omnidirectional radiating unit, a directional unit and a feeding unit are arranged. The omnidirectional radiation unit includes a first arc-shaped dipole 511 , a second arc-shaped dipole 512 , a third arc-shaped dipole 513 and a fourth arc-shaped dipole 514 surrounding the center point of the dielectric plate. The directional unit includes a rectangular parasitic unit 521 , a rectangular parasitic unit 522 , a rectangular parasitic unit 523 and a rectangular parasitic unit 524 disposed on the periphery of the omnidirectional radiation unit. The feed unit is located at the center point of the dielectric plate. The feeding unit feeds the feeding port of each arc-shaped dipole of the omnidirectional radiating unit.

For another example, please refer to FIG. 6, which shows a schematic structural diagram of another adaptive smart antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 6 , the adaptive smart antenna includes: a dielectric plate on which an omnidirectional radiating unit, a directional unit and a feeding unit are arranged. The omnidirectional radiation unit includes a first arc-shaped dipole 611 , a second arc-shaped dipole 612 and a third arc-shaped dipole 613 surrounding the center point of the dielectric plate. The directional unit includes a first annular parasitic unit 621 , a second annular parasitic unit 622 and a third annular parasitic unit 623 disposed on the periphery of the omnidirectional radiation unit. The feed unit is located at the center point of the dielectric plate. The feeding unit feeds the feeding port of each arc-shaped dipole of the omnidirectional radiating unit.

Alternatively, the adaptive smart antenna provided in the embodiments of the present application may also be other combinations of dielectric plates of other shapes, omnidirectional radiation units of other structures, and directional units of other structures, which are not exhaustive in this application.

In one possible configuration, the dielectric plate includes opposing first and second surfaces, and the adaptive smart antenna may further include a metal plate. Wherein, the dielectric plate is connected with the metal plate through the support structure, and the side of the dielectric plate closest to the metal plate is the first surface. Please refer to FIG. 7. FIG. 7 shows a schematic structural diagram of a front view of an adaptive smart antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 7 , the dielectric plate includes a first surface 710 and a second surface 720 . The dielectric plate is spatially parallel to the metal plate. The first surface 710 of the dielectric plate is connected to the metal plate. The distance between the dielectric plate and the metal plate is d. Exemplarily, d∈[8mm, 15mm].

The application does not limit the shape and size of the metal plate, and the specific shape and size of the metal plate depend on the structure of the adaptive smart antenna. For example, the metal plate may be square, rectangular, circular, triangular, or other shapes. When the metal plate is square, the size of the metal plate can be 190mm×190mm; when the metal plate is circular, the diameter of the metal plate can be 190mm; when the metal plate is triangular, the side length of the metal plate can be 210mm; When the metal plate is rectangular, the size of the metal plate may be 190mm×170mm.

It should be noted that the above-mentioned FIGS. 3 , 4 , 5 , and 6 take as an example that both the directional unit and the omnidirectional radiation unit are arranged on one side of the dielectric plate. In this application, the directional unit and the omnidirectional radiation unit can be arranged on the first surface 710 of the dielectric plate; they can also be arranged on the second surface 720 of the dielectric plate; the omnidirectional radiation unit can also be partially arranged on the surface of the dielectric plate On the first surface 710, the other part is disposed on the second surface 720 of the dielectric plate.

For example, the first annular parasitic unit 321, the second annular parasitic unit 322, the third annular parasitic unit 323, the fourth annular parasitic unit 324, the first arc-shaped dipole 311, and the second arc-shaped dipole shown in FIG. 4 The sub 312, the third arc-shaped dipole 313 and the fourth arc-shaped dipole 314 may all be disposed on the first surface 710 of the dielectric plate.

For another example, the first annular parasitic unit 321, the second annular parasitic unit 322, the third annular parasitic unit 323, the fourth annular parasitic unit 324, the first arc-shaped dipole 311, the second arc-shaped parasitic unit 324 shown in FIG. 4 The pole 312, the third arc-shaped dipole 313 and the fourth arc-shaped dipole 314 may all be disposed on the second surface 720 of the dielectric plate.

For another example, the first annular parasitic unit 321, the second annular parasitic unit 322, the third annular parasitic unit 323 and the fourth annular parasitic unit 324 may be disposed on the second surface 720 of the dielectric plate; the first arc-shaped dipole described above A part of the dipole 311, the second arc dipole 312, the third arc dipole 313 and the fourth arc dipole 314 may be disposed on the first surface 710 of the dielectric plate, and the other part is disposed on the dielectric plate on the second surface 720.

For another example, the first annular parasitic unit 321, the second annular parasitic unit 322, the third annular parasitic unit 323, and the fourth annular parasitic unit 324 may be disposed on the first surface 710 of the dielectric plate; the above-mentioned first arc-shaped dipole A part of the dipole 311, the second arc dipole 312, the third arc dipole 313 and the fourth arc dipole 314 may be disposed on the first surface 710 of the dielectric plate, and the other part is disposed on the dielectric plate on the second surface 720.

As shown in FIG. 8 , the first annular parasitic unit 321 , the second annular parasitic unit 322 , the third annular parasitic unit 323 and the fourth annular parasitic unit 324 of the adaptive smart antenna are all disposed on the first surface 710 of the dielectric plate. Each arc-shaped dipole of the adaptive smart antenna consists of two conductors on either side of the feed port. Specifically, the first arc-shaped dipole 311 includes a first conductor 3111 and a second conductor 3112; the second arc-shaped dipole 312 includes a first conductor 3121 and a second conductor 3122; the third arc-shaped dipole 313 includes The first conductor 3131 and the second conductor 3132; the fourth arc-shaped dipole 314 includes the first conductor 3141 and the second conductor 3142. Among them, the first conductor 3111 of the first arc-shaped dipole 311, the first conductor 3121 of the second arc-shaped dipole 312, the first conductor 3131 of the third arc-shaped dipole 313, and the fourth arc-shaped dipole The first conductor 3141 of the dipole 314 is arranged on the first surface 710 of the dielectric plate; the second conductor 3112 of the first arc-shaped dipole 311, the second conductor 3122 of the second arc-shaped dipole 312, the third arc-shaped dipole 312 The second conductor 3132 of the dipole 313 and the second conductor 3142 of the fourth arcuate dipole 314 are disposed on the second surface 720 of the dielectric plate.

Among them, the above-mentioned first annular parasitic unit 321 , second annular parasitic unit 322 , third annular parasitic unit 323 , fourth annular parasitic unit 324 , first annular parasitic unit 521 , second annular parasitic unit 522 , third annular parasitic unit 523 , the fourth annular parasitic unit 524 , the first annular parasitic unit 621 , the second annular parasitic unit 622 and the third annular parasitic unit 623 are provided with diodes (not shown in FIG. 3 , FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 ), so The diode is controlled to be turned on and off by a DC bias voltage, and is used to control the coupling state of each of the annular parasitic elements, thereby realizing different antenna patterns.

For example, when the diodes provided on the first annular parasitic unit 321, the second annular parasitic unit 322, the third annular parasitic unit 323 and the fourth annular parasitic unit 324 are all turned off, the first annular parasitic unit 321, The second annular parasitic unit 322 , the third annular parasitic unit 323 and the fourth annular parasitic unit 324 are all inactive. The parasitic element does not work means that the energy coupled to the parasitic element is small and has little influence on the pattern of the omnidirectional radiating element. In this case, the omnidirectional radiating unit of the adaptive smart antenna radiates energy outwards in all directions, and the coverage area of the adaptive smart antenna is similar to that shown in RRU 1, RRU 2 or RRU 3 shown in (a) of Figure 2 coverage area.

Please refer to (a) in FIG. 9 . (a) in FIG. 9 shows that the adaptive smart antenna with the structure shown in FIG. The simulation diagram of the radiation direction of the adaptive smart antenna when both the annular parasitic unit 323 and the fourth annular parasitic unit 324 are not working. As shown in (a) of Fig. 9, the adaptive smart antenna is an omnidirectional pattern when the radiation angle θ=45°, 60° and 75°.

When the diode disposed on any one of the first annular parasitic unit 321, the second annular parasitic unit 322, the third annular parasitic unit 323, or the fourth annular parasitic unit 324 is turned on, for example, when the diode disposed at the fourth annular parasitic unit 324 is turned on When the diode on the annular parasitic unit 324 is turned on, the fourth annular parasitic unit 324 works. The operation of the parasitic element means that the energy coupled to the parasitic element is large, which has a large influence on the pattern of the omnidirectional radiating element. Specifically, the fourth annular parasitic element 324 changes the radiation direction of the omnidirectional radiation element by coupling the energy radiated by the omnidirectional radiation element. In this case, the coverage area of the adaptive smart antenna is similar to the coverage area shown by RRU 1, RRU 2 or RRU 3 shown in (b) of FIG. 2 .

Please refer to (b) in FIG. 9 . (b) in FIG. 9 shows that the diode arranged on the fourth annular parasitic unit 324 of the adaptive smart antenna of the structure shown in FIG. 3 is turned on, and the diode arranged on the other annular parasitic When the diode on the unit is disconnected, that is, the fourth annular parasitic unit 324 is working, and when other annular parasitic units are not working, the radiation direction simulation diagram of the adaptive smart antenna is shown. As shown in (b) of FIG. 9 , when the radiation angle of the adaptive smart antenna is θ=45°, 60° and 75°, the radiation of the adaptive smart antenna in the direction of the fourth annular parasitic element 324 is weakened, and the front and rear can be obtained. than the pattern that satisfies the preset range. Based on various directional unit structures, the adaptive smart antenna can obtain at least one directional beam whose front-to-back ratio satisfies the preset range, so as to realize an asymmetric coverage scheme similar to that shown in (b) in FIG. 2 . Specifically, it can not only expand the overlapping area of coverage areas between RRUs to improve capacity and data transmission rate, but also ensure a certain RRU backward coverage area to improve edge user experience, especially for uplink transmission scenarios where the client location is unknown. There are obvious benefits.

For another example, when the diodes provided on the first annular parasitic unit 521 , the second annular parasitic unit 522 , the third annular parasitic unit 523 and the fourth annular parasitic unit 524 are all turned off, the first annular parasitic unit 521 of the directional unit is turned off. , the second annular parasitic unit 522 , the third annular parasitic unit 523 and the fourth annular parasitic unit 524 do not work. In this case, the omnidirectional radiating element of the adaptive smart antenna radiates energy omnidirectionally outward.

Please refer to (a) in FIG. 10 , (a) in FIG. 10 shows the first annular parasitic unit 521 , the second annular parasitic unit 522 , the third The simulation diagram of the radiation direction of the adaptive smart antenna when both the annular parasitic unit 523 and the fourth annular parasitic unit 524 are not working. As shown in (a) of Figure 10, the adaptive smart antenna can achieve omnidirectional coverage when the radiation angle θ=45°, 60° and 75°.

When the diode provided on any one of the first ring parasitic unit 521, the second ring parasitic unit 522, the third ring parasitic unit 523, or the fourth ring parasitic unit 524 is turned on, for example, when The fourth annular parasitic cell 524 operates when the diode on cell 524 is turned on. Specifically, the fourth annular parasitic element 524 changes the radiation direction of the omnidirectional radiation element by coupling the energy radiated by the omnidirectional radiation element. In this case, the coverage area of the adaptive smart antenna is similar to the coverage area shown by RRU 1, RRU 2 or RRU 3 shown in (b) of FIG. 2 .

Please refer to (b) in FIG. 10 , which shows that the adaptive smart antenna with the structure shown in FIG. 5 conducts the diode arranged on the fourth annular parasitic unit 524 , and the diode arranged on other annular parasitic units is turned on. When the diode on the unit is disconnected, that is, the fourth annular parasitic unit 524 is working, and when other annular parasitic units are not working, the radiation direction simulation diagram of the adaptive smart antenna is shown. As shown in (b) of FIG. 10 , when the radiation angle of the adaptive smart antenna is θ=45°, 60° and 75°, the radiation of the adaptive smart antenna in the direction of the fourth annular parasitic element 524 is weakened, and the front and rear can be obtained. than the pattern that satisfies the preset range.

In another possible configuration, the orientation unit in the present application may comprise at least one director. Wherein, each director is provided with a diode, and the diode is used to control the working state of the corresponding director. The working principle of the director is as follows: the director couples the energy radiated by the omnidirectional radiation unit, and the radiation increases in the direction of the position of the director, thereby changing the radiation direction of the omnidirectional radiation unit, and obtaining an orientation whose front-to-back ratio meets the preset range. beam. Exemplarily, the above-mentioned director may be in a "one" shape, a folded line shape or an arc shape, etc., which is not limited in this application.

Please refer to FIG. 11 , the adaptive smart antenna includes: a medium plate, on which an omnidirectional radiating unit and a directional unit are arranged. The omnidirectional radiation unit includes a first arc-shaped dipole 311 , a second arc-shaped dipole 312 , a third arc-shaped dipole 313 and a fourth arc-shaped dipole 314 surrounding the center point of the dielectric plate. The directional unit includes a first director 1110 , a second director 1120 , a third director 1130 and a fourth director 1140 disposed on the periphery of the omnidirectional radiation unit.

Wherein, in this application, the directional unit and the omnidirectional radiation unit may be, as shown in FIG. 11 , both disposed on one side of the dielectric plate, for example, both disposed on the first surface of the dielectric plate or both disposed on the second on the surface. Alternatively, the orientation unit may be arranged on the first surface of the dielectric plate, a part of the omnidirectional radiation unit is arranged on the first surface of the dielectric plate, and the other part is arranged on the second surface of the dielectric plate. Alternatively, the orientation unit may be arranged on the second surface of the dielectric plate, a part of the omnidirectional radiation unit is arranged on the first surface of the dielectric plate, and the other part is arranged on the second surface of the dielectric plate. For details, reference may be made to the structure shown in FIG. 8 , which will not be repeated here.

Among them, the first director 1110, the second director 1120, the third director 1130 and the fourth director 1140 shown in FIG. 11 are all provided with diodes (not shown in FIG. 11 ), and the diodes are used for Control the working state of the corresponding director.

For example, when the diodes provided on the first director 1110, the second director 1120, the third director 1330 and the fourth director 1140 are all turned off, the first director 1110, The second director 1120, the third director 1130 and the fourth director 1140 are all inactive. In this case, the omnidirectional radiating element of the adaptive smart antenna radiates energy omnidirectionally outward.

Please refer to (a) in FIG. 12 . (a) in FIG. 12 shows the first director 1110 , the second director 1120 , the third director 1120 , the third director 1110 , the third Simulation diagram of the radiation direction of the adaptive smart antenna when the director 1130 and the fourth director 1140 are not working. As shown in (a) of Figure 12, the adaptive smart antenna can achieve omnidirectional coverage when the radiation angle θ=45°, 60° and 75°.

When a diode provided on at least one of the first director 1110, the second director 1120, the third director 1130 and the fourth director 1140 is turned on, for example, when When the diodes on the second director 1120 and the third director 1130 are both turned on, the second director 1120 and the third director 1130 work. Specifically, the second director 1120 and the third director 1130 change the radiation direction of the omnidirectional radiation unit by guiding the energy radiated by the omnidirectional radiation unit.

Please refer to (b) in FIG. 12 , which shows that the diodes disposed on the second director 1120 and the third director 1130 of the adaptive smart antenna with the structure shown in FIG. 11 are both When the diodes are turned on and the diodes arranged on other directors are turned off, that is, the second director 1120 and the third director 1130 are working, and the other directors are not working, the radiation direction simulation diagram of the adaptive smart antenna is shown. As shown in (b) of FIG. 12 , when the radiation angle of the adaptive smart antenna is θ=45°, 60° and 75°, the adaptive smart antenna is located at the adjacent second director 1120 and the third director The radiation in the direction of 1130 is enhanced, and a pattern whose front-to-back ratio meets the preset range can be obtained.

In another possible structure, the directional unit in this application may include m annular parasitic units and m directors. Among them, m is a positive integer, and m>1. The m directors and the m annular parasitic units are symmetrically arranged around the omnidirectional radiation unit. Wherein, each annular parasitic unit is provided with a diode, and the diode is used to control the working state of the corresponding annular parasitic unit. Each director is provided with a diode, and the diode is used to control the working state of the corresponding director.

Exemplarily, the m number of ring parasitic units may be circular ring parasitic units, rectangular ring parasitic units, polygonal ring parasitic units, or the like. The above-mentioned director may be in the shape of a "one", a folded line, an arc, and the like. The present application does not limit the specific shape of the annular parasitic element and director.

Wherein, in the present application, both the directional unit and the omnidirectional radiation unit may be arranged on one side of the dielectric plate. For example, m annular parasitic elements and m directors are all disposed on the first surface of the dielectric plate. For another example, m annular parasitic units and m directors are all disposed on the second surface of the dielectric plate.

Or, a part of the directional unit is arranged on the first surface of the dielectric plate, and the other part is arranged on the second surface of the dielectric plate; a part of the omnidirectional radiation unit is arranged on the first surface of the dielectric plate, and the other part is arranged on the dielectric plate on the second surface. For example, m annular parasitic units are arranged on the first surface of the dielectric plate, m directors are arranged on the first surface of the dielectric plate; some of the omnidirectional radiation units are arranged on the first surface of the dielectric plate, and the other is arranged on the first surface of the dielectric plate. A portion is disposed on the second surface of the media plate. For another example, m annular parasitic units are arranged on the second surface of the dielectric plate, m directors are arranged on the first surface of the dielectric plate; some of the omnidirectional radiation units are arranged on the first surface of the dielectric plate, The other portion is disposed on the second surface of the dielectric plate.

Please refer to FIG. 13 , the adaptive smart antenna includes: a medium plate, on which an omnidirectional radiating unit and a directional unit are arranged. The omnidirectional radiation unit includes a first arc-shaped dipole 311 , a second arc-shaped dipole 312 , a third arc-shaped dipole 313 and a fourth arc-shaped dipole 314 surrounding the center point of the dielectric plate. The directional unit includes a first annular parasitic unit 1311 , a first director 1321 , a second annular parasitic unit 1312 , a second director 1322 , and a third annular parasitic unit 1313 , which are arranged on the periphery of the omnidirectional radiation unit at counterclockwise intervals. , the third director 1323 , the fourth annular parasitic unit 1314 and the fourth director 1324 .

Among them, the first annular parasitic unit 1311, the second annular parasitic unit 1312, the third annular parasitic unit 1313 and the fourth annular parasitic unit 1314 shown in FIG. 13 are all provided with diodes (not shown in FIG. 13), and the diodes are used for Controls the working state of the corresponding ring parasitic unit. The first director 1321, the second director 1322, the third director 1323 and the fourth director 1324 are all provided with diodes (not shown in FIG. 13), and the diodes are used to control the working status.

For example, in the first annular parasitic unit 1311, the first director 1321, the second annular parasitic unit 1312, the second director 1322, the third annular parasitic unit 1313, the third director 1323, the fourth annular When the diodes on the parasitic unit 1314 and the fourth director 1324 are both turned off, the directional unit does not work. In this case, the omnidirectional radiating element of the adaptive smart antenna radiates energy omnidirectionally outward.

Please refer to (a) in FIG. 14 . (a) in FIG. 14 shows a simulation diagram of the radiation direction of the adaptive smart antenna when the directional unit of the adaptive smart antenna with the structure shown in FIG. 13 does not work. As shown in (a) of Fig. 14, the adaptive smart antenna can achieve omnidirectional coverage when the radiation angle θ=45°, 60° and 75°.

In the first annular parasitic unit 1311, the first director 1321, the second annular parasitic unit 1312, the second director 1322, the third annular parasitic unit 1313, the third director 1323, the fourth annular parasitic unit When the diode on at least one of the 1314 and the fourth director 1324 is turned on, the directional unit can change the radiation direction of the omnidirectional radiating unit, which can not only achieve a directional beam whose front-to-back ratio meets the preset range, but also can achieve a front-to-back ratio of 10dB. directional beams above.

For example, when the diodes arranged on the first director 1321 and the second director 1322 are both turned on, and the diodes arranged on the other directors and the annular parasitic unit are turned off, that is, the first director 1321 and the second director 1322 are turned off. When the second director 1322 is working and other directors and the annular parasitic unit are not working, the radiation of the adaptive smart antenna in the direction of the adjacent first director 1321 and the second director 1322 is enhanced. As shown in (b) of FIG. 14 , when the first director 1321 and the second director 1322 work in the adaptive smart antenna shown in FIG. 13 , and the other directors and the annular parasitic unit do not work, when the radiation angle When θ=45°, 60° and 75°, a pattern whose front-to-back ratio meets the preset range can be obtained.

For another example, when the fourth annular parasitic unit 1314 is turned on and the diodes arranged on other directors and the annular parasitic unit are turned off, that is, the fourth annular parasitic unit 1314 works, and the other directors and annular parasitic units are not During operation, the radiation of the adaptive smart antenna in the direction of the fourth annular parasitic element 1314 is weakened. As shown in FIG. 15 , the adaptive smart antenna shown in FIG. 13 works when the fourth annular parasitic unit 1314 is working, and other directors and annular parasitic units are not working. When the radiation angle θ=45°, 60° and 75°, a pattern whose front-to-back ratio meets the preset range can be obtained.

For another example, when the diodes arranged on the first director 1321, the second director 1322 and the fourth annular parasitic unit 1314 are all turned on, and the diodes arranged on the other directors and the annular parasitic unit are turned off, That is, when the first director 1321, the second director 1322 and the fourth annular parasitic unit 1314 are working, and other directors and annular parasitic units are not working, the adaptive smart antenna will The radiation in the direction of the second director 1322 is enhanced, and the radiation in the direction of the fourth annular parasitic element 1314 is weakened. As shown in FIG. 16 , the adaptive smart antenna shown in FIG. 13 works when the first director 1321 , the second director 1322 and the fourth annular parasitic unit 1314 work, and when other directors and annular parasitic units do not work, When the radiation angle θ=45°, 60° and 75°, a pattern whose front-to-back ratio meets the preset range can be obtained.

For another example, when the diodes arranged on the first director 1321, the third annular parasitic unit 1313 and the fourth annular parasitic unit 1314 are all turned on, and the diodes arranged on other directors and annular parasitic units are turned off, That is, when the first director 1321 , the third annular parasitic unit 1313 and the fourth annular parasitic unit 1314 are working, and other directors and annular parasitic units are not working, the radiation of the adaptive smart antenna in the direction of the first director 1321 With the enhancement, the radiation in the direction of the third annular parasitic unit 1313 and the fourth annular parasitic unit 1314 is weakened. As shown in FIG. 17 , the adaptive smart antenna shown in FIG. 13 works when the first director 1321 , the third annular parasitic unit 1313 and the fourth annular parasitic unit 1314 work, and when other directors and annular parasitic units do not work, When the radiation angle θ=45°, 60° and 75°, a pattern with a front-to-back ratio of more than 10 dB can be obtained.

In this application, based on various directional unit structures, the adaptive smart antenna can obtain at least one directional beam whose front-to-back ratio satisfies the preset range, so as to achieve an asymmetric coverage scheme similar to that shown in (b) in FIG. 2 . Specifically, it can not only expand the overlapping area of coverage areas between RRUs to improve capacity and data transmission rate, but also ensure a certain RRU backward coverage area to improve user experience at the edge, especially for uplink transmission scenarios where the location of the client is unknown. There are obvious benefits. The diode on the directional unit structure is controlled to be turned on or off by the BBU, and the RRU antenna beam can be flexibly switched to select the optimal beam combination. Specifically, the adaptive smart antenna is at least used to obtain a directional beam including an omnidirectional beam and a front-to-back ratio of k orientations that satisfies a preset range. k is the number of annular parasitic elements and/or directors in a symmetrically placed directional element of the same structure.

Optionally, the adaptive smart antenna can also be used to obtain a directional beam including a front-to-back ratio of more than 10 dB.

It should be noted that the above-mentioned adaptive smart antennas shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 8 and Fig. 13 are respectively arranged outside the adjacent arc-shaped dipoles with ring-shaped parasitic elements. Location as an example. As shown in FIG. 3 , FIG. 4 , FIG. 5 , FIG. 8 and FIG. 13 , the directional unit includes 4 annular parasitic units. The four annular parasitic units are respectively disposed outside the first position, the second position, the third position and the fourth position. Wherein, the first position is between the first arc-shaped dipole and the second arc-shaped dipole, the second position is between the second arc-shaped dipole and the third arc-shaped dipole, and the third position is Between the third arc-shaped dipole and the fourth arc-shaped dipole, the fourth position is between the fourth arc-shaped dipole and the first arc-shaped dipole. For another example, as shown in FIG. 6 , the directional unit includes three annular parasitic units. The three annular parasitic units are respectively disposed outside the first position, the second position and the third position. Wherein, the first position is between the first arc-shaped dipole and the second arc-shaped dipole, the second position is between the second arc-shaped dipole and the third arc-shaped dipole, and the third position is between the third arc-shaped dipole and the fourth arc-shaped dipole. The above-mentioned adaptive smart antenna of the structure shown in FIG. 11 is taken as an example in which the directors are respectively arranged at positions other than between adjacent arc-shaped dipoles. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 11 , the orientation unit includes four directors. The four directors are respectively arranged outside the first position, the second position, the third position and the fourth position. Wherein, the first position is between the first arc-shaped dipole and the second arc-shaped dipole, the second position is between the second arc-shaped dipole and the third arc-shaped dipole, and the third position is Between the third arc-shaped dipole and the fourth arc-shaped dipole, the fourth position is between the fourth arc-shaped dipole and the first arc-shaped dipole.

However, the present application does not limit the specific positions of the annular parasitic element and/or the director on the periphery of the omnidirectional radiating element. For example, a plurality of annular parasitic units can also be respectively arranged outside the positions corresponding to the plurality of arc-shaped dipoles; for another example, a plurality of directors can also be respectively arranged outside the positions corresponding to the plurality of arc-shaped dipoles, such as shown in Figure 13.

An embodiment of the present application further provides a method for adjusting the radiation direction of an adaptive smart antenna, where the method is applied to a first RRU, and the first RRU includes an adaptive smart antenna. The adaptive smart antenna includes: a medium plate, on which an omnidirectional radiation unit and a directional unit are arranged. Wherein, the directional unit is arranged on the periphery of the omnidirectional radiation unit. For the specific structure of the adaptive smart antenna, reference may be made to the specific introduction above, which will not be repeated here.

Please refer to FIG. 18. FIG. 18 shows a flowchart of a method for adjusting the radiation direction of an adaptive smart antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 18, the method may include the following steps S1810 and S1820:

S1810. The first RRU receives a control signal from the first BBU.

For example, the first RRU and the first BBU may be connected by an optical fiber. The first RRU may receive the control signal from the first BBU through the optical fiber.

Wherein, the above-mentioned control signal is used for the coupling state of the adaptive smart antenna of the first RRU, so as to realize different antenna patterns.

In this application, the first BBU may send a control signal to the first RRU according to the determined antenna adjustment information of the first RRU. The antenna adjustment information of the first RRU may be determined in the following manner: First, the first BBU controls multiple RRUs to traverse omnidirectional beams and directional beams in four directions in a preset order to send and receive signals, and compare the level values of received signals. Wherein, the front-to-back ratios of the directional beams of the above four orientations satisfy a preset range. Then, the first BBU selects the directional beam orientation corresponding to the best receiving effect according to the signal quality when the first RRU uses the directional beam with four orientations to receive the signal when the second RRU transmits the signal with the omnidirectional beam alone, so as to determine the first RRU Antenna adjustment information.

S1820. The first RRU controls the coupling state of the directional unit according to the received control signal, thereby implementing different antenna patterns.

Wherein, when the directional unit is working, the directional unit is used to change the radiation direction of the omnidirectional radiation unit by coupling the energy radiated by the omnidirectional radiation unit, so that the front-to-back ratio of at least one directional beam of the adaptive smart antenna satisfies the preset range .

Specifically, a plurality of diodes may be provided on the directional unit. The first RRU can load voltages on a plurality of diodes of the directional unit according to the received control signal, so as to control the coupling state of the directional unit, thereby realizing different antenna patterns.

The present application also provides a BBU and an RRU, the BBU and a plurality of RRUs are connected by an optical fiber.

Please refer to FIG. 19. FIG. 19 shows a schematic diagram of a hardware structure of a network device. The network device may be the BBU or the RRU shown in FIG. 1 . As shown in FIG. 19 , the network device may include a processor 1901 , a communication line 1902 , a memory 1903 and at least one communication interface (in FIG. 19 , the communication interface 1904 is used as an example for illustration).

The processor 1901 may include one or more processors, wherein the processor may be a general-purpose central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or other Integrated circuits, without limitation.

Communication line 1902 may include a pathway for communicating information between the aforementioned components.

Communication interface 1904 for communicating with other devices or communication networks.

The memory 1903 can be ROM or RAM, or EEPROM, CD-ROM, or other optical disk storage, optical disk storage (including compact disk, laser disk, optical disk, digital versatile disk, Blu-ray disk, etc.), magnetic disk storage medium or other magnetic storage device, Or any other medium that can be used to carry or store the desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer, but is not limited thereto.

It should be noted that the memory may exist independently and be connected to the processor through the communication line 1902 . The memory can also be integrated with the processor.

Among them, the memory 1903 is used for storing and executing computer programs. The processor 1901 is configured to execute the computer program stored in the memory 1903, thereby implementing the method of the relevant network element provided in any of the following method embodiments of this application.

It should be noted that the processor 1901 may include one or more CPUs, such as CPU0 and CPU1 in FIG. 19 .

In addition, FIG. 19 is only an example of a network device, and does not limit the specific structure of the network device. For example, the network device may also include other functional modules.

The above are only specific embodiments of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited to this, and any changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be covered within the protection scope of the present application. . Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

An adaptive smart antenna, characterized in that the antenna comprises: a dielectric plate, on which an omnidirectional radiation unit and a directional unit are arranged;

The directional unit is arranged on the periphery of the omnidirectional radiation unit; the directional unit is used to change the radiation direction of the omnidirectional radiation unit by coupling the energy radiated by the omnidirectional radiation unit;

Wherein, the front-to-back ratio of at least one directional beam of the antenna satisfies a preset range.
The antenna according to claim 1, wherein the dielectric plate comprises opposite first and second surfaces; the antenna further comprises:

A metal plate, the dielectric plate is connected with the metal plate through a support structure, and the side of the dielectric plate closest to the metal plate is the first surface.
The antenna according to claim 2, wherein the directional unit comprises at least one annular parasitic unit, each of the annular parasitic units is provided with a diode, and the diode is controlled to be turned on and off by a DC bias voltage ON is used to control the coupling state of each of the annular parasitic elements, thereby realizing different antenna patterns.
The antenna according to claim 3, wherein the ring-shaped parasitic element comprises one or more of the following: a circular-ring parasitic element, a rectangular-ring parasitic element or a polygonal-ring parasitic element.
The antenna according to any one of claims 2-4, wherein the directional unit comprises at least one director, each of the directors is provided with a diode, and the diode is biased by a DC voltage Controlling its on and off is used to control the coupling state of each of the directors, thereby realizing different antenna patterns.
The antenna according to claim 5, wherein the directional unit comprises m annular parasitic elements and m directors, m is a positive integer, and m>1;

The m directors and the m annular parasitic units are symmetrically arranged around the omnidirectional radiation unit.
The antenna according to claim 6, wherein,

The m annular parasitic units are arranged on the first surface, and the m directors are arranged on the second surface; or,

The m annular parasitic units are arranged on the second surface, and the m directors are arranged on the first surface; or,

The m annular parasitic units and the m directors are all arranged on the first surface; or,

The m annular parasitic units and the m directors are all disposed on the second surface.
The antenna according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein the omnidirectional radiating element comprises a plurality of dipoles surrounding the center point of the dielectric plate; the lengths of the plurality of dipoles equal.
The antenna according to claim 8, wherein the omnidirectional radiating element comprises a first arc-shaped dipole, a second arc-shaped dipole, and a third arc-shaped dipole surrounding the center point of the dielectric plate Pole and Fourth Arc Dipole.
The antenna according to claim 9, wherein the directional unit comprises 4 annular parasitic units; the 4 annular parasitic units are respectively arranged at the first position, the second position, the third position and the fourth position respectively outside;

Wherein, the first position is between the first arc-shaped dipole and the second arc-shaped dipole, and the second position is between the second arc-shaped dipole and the third arc-shaped dipole between arc-shaped dipoles, the third position is between the third arc-shaped dipole and the fourth arc-shaped dipole, the fourth position is between the fourth arc-shaped dipole between the dipole and the first arc-shaped dipole.
The antenna according to any one of claims 1-10, wherein the predetermined range of the front-to-back ratio of at least one directional beam of the antenna is [3dB, 9dB].
The antenna according to any one of claims 1-11, wherein the antenna further comprises: a feeding unit located at the center point of the dielectric plate, the feeding unit is used for the omnidirectional radiation unit feed.
A method for adjusting the radiation direction of an adaptive smart antenna, characterized in that the method is applied to a first remote radio unit RRU; the first RRU includes an adaptive smart antenna, and the adaptive smart antenna includes: a dielectric board , an omnidirectional radiation unit and an orientation unit are arranged on the dielectric plate; the orientation unit is arranged on the periphery of the omnidirectional radiation unit; the method includes:

the first RRU receives a control signal from the first baseband processing unit BBU;

The first RRU controls the coupling state of the directional unit according to the control signal, thereby implementing different antenna patterns;

Wherein, when the directional unit is working, the directional unit is configured to change the radiation direction of the omnidirectional radiation unit by coupling the energy radiated by the omnidirectional radiation unit, so that at least one of the adaptive smart antennas The front-to-back ratio of the directional beams satisfies the preset range.
The method according to claim 13, wherein the directional unit is provided with a plurality of diodes; the first RRU controls the coupling state of the directional unit according to the control signal, so as to realize different antenna patterns ,include:

The first RRU loads voltages on the plurality of diodes according to the control signal, so as to control the coupling state of the directional units, thereby realizing different antenna patterns.
The method according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the preset range is [3dB, 9dB].
The method according to any one of claims 13-15, wherein the adaptive smart antenna has the structure according to any one of claims 2-12.
The method according to any one of claims 13-16, which is applied in an uplink communication process, or in both an uplink and a downlink communication process.
A method for adjusting the radiation direction of an adaptive smart antenna, wherein the method is applied to a first baseband processing unit BBU, and the first BBU is connected to a plurality of RRUs through optical fibers; the method includes:

The first BBU controls the plurality of RRUs to traverse omnidirectional beams and directional beams of four orientations in a preset order to send and receive signals, and compare the level values of the received signals; the front-to-back ratios of the directional beams of the four orientations satisfy preset range;

The first BBU selects the directional beam orientation corresponding to the best receiving effect according to the signal quality when the first RRU uses the directional beams with the four orientations to receive the signal when the second RRU transmits signals with the omnidirectional beam alone, so as to determine the first BBU. 1 RRU antenna adjustment information; the first RRU is any one of the multiple RRUs, and the second RRU is another RRU among the multiple RRUs except the first RRU;

The first BBU sends a control signal to the first RRU; the control signal is used to control the radiation range of the first RRU, so that the front-to-back ratio of the first RRU satisfies a preset range.
The method according to claim 18, wherein the preset range is [3dB, 9dB].
The method according to claim 18 or 19, wherein the method is applied in an uplink communication process, or in both an uplink and downlink communication process.
A remote radio unit RRU, characterized in that, the RRU comprises: the adaptive smart antenna according to any one of claims 1-12.
The RRU according to claim 21, wherein the RRU and the other one or more RRUs are connected to the first baseband processing unit BBU through optical fibers.
The RRU according to claim 21 or 22, wherein the RRU is an access point AP.
A baseband processing unit BBU, wherein the BBU includes:

memory for storing computer programs;

radio frequency circuits for receiving and transmitting radio signals;

A processor for executing the computer program to implement the method of any one of claims 18-20.
A wireless communication system, characterized in that the wireless communication system comprises:

The baseband processing unit BBU according to claim 24, and the remote radio unit RRU according to any one of claims 21-23.