CN110277641B - Structure for realizing broadband wide-angle scanning and microstrip antenna unit with same - Google Patents
Structure for realizing broadband wide-angle scanning and microstrip antenna unit with same Download PDFInfo
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- CN110277641B CN110277641B CN201910576794.9A CN201910576794A CN110277641B CN 110277641 B CN110277641 B CN 110277641B CN 201910576794 A CN201910576794 A CN 201910576794A CN 110277641 B CN110277641 B CN 110277641B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
- H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
- H01Q1/523—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas between antennas of an array
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Abstract
The application belongs to the technical field of phased array radar antennas, and particularly relates to a structure for realizing broadband wide-angle scanning and a microstrip antenna unit with the structure. The structure includes: the metal floor, feed layer dielectric substrate, radiation layer dielectric substrate, metal post and metal paster. The lower surface of the feed layer dielectric substrate is attached to a metal floor, a copper layer is etched on the upper surface of the feed layer dielectric substrate, first metal isolation electric walls are arranged on four corners of the feed layer dielectric substrate, and the first metal isolation electric walls are connected with the metal floor and the copper layer; the radiation layer dielectric substrate is bonded on the upper surface of the feed layer dielectric substrate through a prepreg; the metal posts are 1/4 cylinders, the metal posts are arranged at four corners of the radiation layer medium substrate, the central axis of each metal post is superposed with the lateral edge of the radiation layer medium substrate, and one end of each metal post is grounded; and the metal patch is etched on the upper surface of the radiation layer medium substrate and arranged around the metal column.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of phased array radar antennas, and particularly relates to a structure for realizing broadband wide-angle scanning and a microstrip antenna unit with the structure.
Background
With the continuous development of phased array radar technology, no matter radar or electronic countermeasure system, in order to improve the fighting capacity and range of the phased array radar, the wide-space coverage, wide-angle scanning and the like are required besides the broadband work of a radar antenna. Therefore, it is a critical problem to be solved urgently to improve the working bandwidth of the phased array antenna and simultaneously consider the wide-angle scanning characteristic. However, mutual coupling exists between the phased array antenna units, so that a sharp and deep concave point appears at a certain scanning angle in front of the grating lobe, at the moment, the energy is total reflection, and the antenna cannot radiate or receive the energy, so that a scanning blind spot is formed. The scanning blind spot is one of important factors for limiting the phased array antenna to realize broadband wide-angle scanning.
Most of the traditional active phased array radiating elements adopt Vivaldi and other end-fire antennas, and this type of antenna can obtain a wider operating bandwidth and a larger beam scanning angle, but has the following defects: the large size and the large weight restrict the large-area application of the antenna on the airborne platform; the high profile nature causes its structural strength to weaken as the antenna height increases; the mounting structure of the antenna is complicated, and the assembly workload is large.
The microstrip antenna conforms to the development trend of miniaturization, light weight, high reliability and multiple functionality of a modern airborne radar system, has the advantages of low profile, small volume, light weight, easiness in conformal with the surface of a carrier, easiness in integration with an active device and the like, and can be used as an antenna form of a novel phased array radar. However, the microstrip antenna is easy to excite surface wave propagation on the open microstrip substrate, which causes more complex and strong mutual coupling effect between elements of the microstrip array than that between radiating elements of the traditional active phased array, and causes performance deterioration such as array impedance mismatch and radiation pattern distortion. When the scanning is carried out at a large angle, the mutual coupling effect is stronger, so that the scanning blind spot phenomenon is more serious. Because the grating lobe is in front of the grating lobe, some of the grating lobe even appears at an angle not far away from the side-fire direction, the scanning area of the microstrip phased array antenna is inevitably greatly reduced, the scanning performance of the whole array is reduced, and the microstrip antenna is difficult to realize wide-angle scanning while the broadband work is ensured.
Accordingly, a technical solution is desired to overcome or at least alleviate at least one of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a structure for realizing broadband wide-angle scanning and a microstrip antenna unit with the structure, so as to solve at least one problem in the prior art.
The technical scheme of the application is as follows:
a structure for implementing wide-bandwidth wide-angle scanning, comprising:
the metal floor is rectangular;
the lower surface of the feed layer dielectric substrate is attached to the metal floor, a copper layer is etched on the upper surface of the feed layer dielectric substrate, first metal isolation electric walls are arranged at four corners of the feed layer dielectric substrate, and the first metal isolation electric walls are connected with the metal floor and the copper layer;
the radiation layer dielectric substrate is bonded on the upper surface of the feed layer dielectric substrate through a prepreg;
the metal posts are 1/4 cylindrical, the metal posts are arranged at four corners of the radiation layer dielectric substrate, the central axis of each metal post is superposed with the lateral edge of the radiation layer dielectric substrate, and one end of each metal post is grounded;
and the metal patch is etched on the upper surface of the radiation layer medium substrate and arranged around the metal column.
Optionally, the first metal isolating electrical wall is a plurality of through holes having a metal inner wall.
Optionally, the first metal isolating electric wall is linear or circular arc-shaped.
Optionally, one end of the metal pillar is connected to the copper layer.
Optionally, one end of the metal pillar penetrates through the feed layer dielectric substrate to be connected with the metal floor.
Optionally, the metal patches are 4 circular arc patches of 1/4.
Optionally, the metal patch is 4 1/4 gear-shaped patches.
A microstrip antenna element, comprising a structure for implementing broadband wide-angle scanning as described above, further comprising:
a coaxial connector is arranged in the metal floor, and the coaxial connector is provided with a probe;
the feeding layer dielectric substrate comprises two layers of dielectric substrates, the copper layer is etched on the upper surface of the upper layer of dielectric substrate, a coupling seam is formed in the copper layer, a feeder line is etched on the upper surface of the lower layer of dielectric substrate, the feeder line is connected with a probe of the coaxial connector, a second metal isolation electric wall penetrating through the two layers of dielectric substrates is arranged on the feeding layer dielectric substrate, and the second metal isolation electric wall is used for connecting the copper layer and the metal floor;
the radiation layer medium substrate comprises two layers of medium substrates, wherein an upper layer radiation patch is etched on the upper surface of the upper layer medium substrate, and a lower layer radiation patch is etched on the upper surface of the lower layer medium substrate;
and the protective layer dielectric substrate is bonded to the upper surface of the upper layer dielectric substrate of the radiation layer dielectric substrate through a prepreg.
Optionally, the coupling slit is i-shaped.
Optionally, the second metallic isolating electrical wall is arranged around the feeder end and the coaxial connector.
The invention has at least the following beneficial technical effects:
the structure of the present broadband wide-angle scanning can effectively inhibit the blind spot effect generated by the microstrip antenna during the wide-angle scanning, so that the scanning angle domain of the microstrip phased array antenna is widened to +/-60 degrees on the basis of 40% of the working bandwidth, and meanwhile, the advantages of low section, small volume, light weight, easiness in conformal with the surface of a carrier, easiness in integration with an active device and the like of the microstrip antenna are retained; the design and processing difficulty coefficient is low, the realization is easy, and the engineering practice significance is stronger; the method has wide application range, and can be used for various radars and electronic warfare and communication equipment on various carrier-based, airborne and roadbed platforms.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a configuration for implementing wide-band wide-angle scanning according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a structured metal annular patch for wide-band wide-angle scanning according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a microstrip antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is an exploded view of a microstrip antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is an active standing wave curve for a microstrip antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is an active standing wave curve of a microstrip antenna of the prior art without a structure for realizing wide-band wide-angle scanning.
Wherein:
1-metal floor; 2-a feed layer dielectric substrate; 3-a copper layer; 4-a radiation layer dielectric substrate; 5-a first metal isolating electrical wall; 6-a metal post; 7-metal patch; 8-upper radiation patch; 9-lower radiation patch; 10-coupling slot; 11-a feeder line; 12-a coaxial connector; 13-a second metal isolating electrical wall; and 14-protective layer dielectric substrate.
Detailed Description
In order to make the implementation objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described in more detail below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The described embodiments are a subset of the embodiments in the present application and not all embodiments in the present application. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and intended to be used for explaining the present application and should not be construed as limiting the present application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application. Embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience in describing the present application and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present application.
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to fig. 1 to 6.
The application provides a structure of realizing wide angle scanning of broadband includes: the metal floor board 1, the feed layer dielectric substrate 2, the radiation layer dielectric substrate 4, the metal column 6 and the metal patch 7.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the metal floor 1 is rectangular; the lower surface of the feed layer dielectric substrate 2 is attached to the metal floor 1, a copper layer 3 is etched on the upper surface of the feed layer dielectric substrate 2, first metal isolation electric walls 5 are arranged at four corners of the feed layer dielectric substrate 2, and the first metal isolation electric walls 5 are connected with the metal floor 1 and the copper layer 3; the radiation layer dielectric substrate 4 is bonded on the upper surface of the feed layer dielectric substrate 2 through a prepreg; the metal posts 6 are 1/4 cylinders, the metal posts 6 are arranged at four corners of the radiation layer dielectric substrate 4, the central axis of each metal post 6 is superposed with the lateral edge of the radiation layer dielectric substrate 4, and one end of each metal post 6 is grounded; the metal patch 7 is etched on the upper surface of the radiation layer dielectric substrate 4 and is arranged around the metal column 6.
In the structure of broadband wide angle scanning is realized to this application, first metal isolation electric wall 5 is for having a plurality of through-holes of metal inner wall, and a plurality of through-holes that have metal inner wall are sharp form or convex arranging.
In one embodiment of the present application, one end of the metal pillar 6 is connected to the copper layer 3, and then indirectly connected to the metal floor 1 through the copper layer 3 and the first metal isolation electrical wall 5.
In another embodiment of the present application, one end of the metal post 6 is directly connected to the metal floor 1 through the feeding layer dielectric substrate 2.
In the structure for realizing wide-band wide-angle scanning, as shown in fig. 2, the metal patches 7 may be 4 circular arc patches 1/4, or 4 gear patches 1/4 or other deformed shapes.
The structure for realizing the broadband wide-angle scanning can effectively inhibit the surface wave of the microstrip antenna, weaken the coupling between the antenna units and realize the broadband wide-angle scanning of the microstrip phased array antenna. The first metal isolation electric wall 5 and the metal column 6 can eliminate scanning blind spots generated when the E surface of the microstrip phased array antenna scans to 60 degrees, and the metal patch 7 can reduce active standing waves generated when the H surface of the microstrip phased array antenna scans to 60 degrees.
The application also provides a microstrip antenna unit which is provided with the structure for realizing broadband wide-angle scanning.
As shown in fig. 4, the microstrip antenna unit has the following specific structure: a coaxial connector 12 is arranged in the metal floor 1, and the coaxial connector 12 is provided with a probe; the feed layer dielectric substrate 2 comprises two layers of dielectric substrates, a copper layer 3 is etched on the upper surface of the upper layer of dielectric substrate, a coupling seam 10 is formed in the copper layer 3, a feed line 11 is etched on the upper surface of the lower layer of dielectric substrate, the feed line 11 is connected with a probe of a coaxial connector 12, a second metal isolation electric wall 13 penetrating through the two layers of dielectric substrates is arranged on the feed layer of dielectric substrate 2, and the second metal isolation electric wall 13 is used for connecting the copper layer 3 and the metal floor 1; the radiation layer medium substrate 4 comprises two layers of medium substrates, wherein an upper layer radiation patch 8 is etched on the upper surface of the upper layer medium substrate, and a lower layer radiation patch 9 is etched on the upper surface of the lower layer medium substrate; the protective layer dielectric substrate 14 is bonded to the upper surface of the upper layer dielectric substrate of the radiation layer dielectric substrate 4 through a prepreg.
The microstrip antenna unit of the application adjusts the impedance matching of the feed structure and eliminates the electromagnetic resonance through the second metal isolation electric wall 13. The metal annular patch 7 and the upper radiation patch 8 are protected by the protective layer dielectric substrate 14 and are prevented from being corroded and damaged by the external environment. The broadband wide-angle scanning of the microstrip antenna is realized through the first metal isolation electric wall 5, the metal column 6 and the metal patch 7.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the antenna having the structure for realizing wide-bandwidth angular scanning can realize ± 60 ° scanning of the E-plane and the H-plane within 40% of the operating band (VSWR < 2); the antenna of the structure which does not realize wide-band wide-angle scanning can realize + -30 deg. scanning of the E face and the H face within 40% of the operating frequency band (VSWR < 2), but when the E face and the H face are scanned to + -60 deg., the standing wave is obviously deteriorated. Therefore, the structure for realizing broadband wide-angle scanning can effectively enlarge the scanning angle area of the microstrip antenna.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present application should be covered within the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A structure for realizing wide-band wide-angle scanning, comprising:
the metal floor (1), the metal floor (1) is rectangular;
the feed layer dielectric substrate (2), the lower surface of the feed layer dielectric substrate (2) is attached to the metal floor (1), a copper layer (3) is etched on the upper surface of the feed layer dielectric substrate (2), four corners of the feed layer dielectric substrate (2) are provided with first metal isolation electric walls (5), and the first metal isolation electric walls (5) are connected with the metal floor (1) and the copper layer (3);
the radiation layer dielectric substrate (4), the radiation layer dielectric substrate (4) is bonded on the upper surface of the feed layer dielectric substrate (2) through a prepreg;
the metal columns (6) are 1/4 cylindrical, the metal columns (6) are arranged at four corners of the radiation layer medium substrate (4), the central axis of each metal column (6) is superposed with the lateral edge of the radiation layer medium substrate (4), and one end of each metal column (6) penetrates through the feed layer medium substrate (2) to be connected with the metal floor (1);
the metal patch (7) is etched on the upper surface of the radiation layer medium substrate (4) and arranged around the metal column (6).
2. The structure for realizing wide-bandwidth angular scanning according to claim 1, characterized in that said first metallic isolating electrical wall (5) is a plurality of through holes with metallic inner walls.
3. The structure for realizing wide-band wide-angle scanning according to claim 2, characterized in that said first metallic isolating electric wall (5) is rectilinear or circular.
4. The structure for realizing wide-band and wide-angle scanning according to claim 1, characterized in that one end of the metal pillar (6) is connected with the copper layer (3).
5. The structure for realizing wide-band wide-angle scanning according to claim 1, characterized in that said metal patches (7) are 4 1/4 circular arc patches.
6. Structure to enable wide-band wide-angle scanning according to claim 1, characterized in that said metal patches (7) are 4 1/4 gear-shaped patches.
7. A microstrip antenna element comprising the structure for realizing wide-band wide-angle scanning according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising:
a coaxial connector (12) is arranged in the metal floor (1), and the coaxial connector (12) is provided with a probe;
the feed layer dielectric substrate (2) comprises two layers of dielectric substrates, the copper layer (3) is etched on the upper surface of the upper layer of dielectric substrate, a coupling seam (10) is formed in the copper layer (3), the feed line (11) is etched on the upper surface of the lower layer of dielectric substrate, the feed line (11) is connected with a probe of the coaxial connector (12), a second metal isolation electric wall (13) penetrating through the two layers of dielectric substrates is arranged on the feed layer dielectric substrate (2), and the second metal isolation electric wall (13) is used for connecting the copper layer (3) and the metal floor (1);
the radiation layer medium substrate (4) comprises two layers of medium substrates, an upper layer radiation patch (8) is etched on the upper surface of the upper layer medium substrate, and a lower layer radiation patch (9) is etched on the upper surface of the lower layer medium substrate;
the protective layer dielectric substrate (14) is bonded to the upper surface of the upper layer dielectric substrate of the radiation layer dielectric substrate (4) through a prepreg.
8. The microstrip antenna unit according to claim 7, wherein the coupling slot (10) is i-shaped.
9. The microstrip antenna unit of claim 8, wherein said second metallic isolating electrical wall (13) is arranged around said feed line (11) end and said coaxial connector (12).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910576794.9A CN110277641B (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2019-06-28 | Structure for realizing broadband wide-angle scanning and microstrip antenna unit with same |
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| CN201910576794.9A CN110277641B (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2019-06-28 | Structure for realizing broadband wide-angle scanning and microstrip antenna unit with same |
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| CN110277641B true CN110277641B (en) | 2021-04-20 |
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| CN112290204B (en) * | 2020-09-23 | 2022-10-28 | 中国航空工业集团公司雷华电子技术研究所 | Plane ultra-wideband modular antenna unit and antenna array with same |
| CN114094318B (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2024-06-14 | 中国航空工业集团公司雷华电子技术研究所 | Structure for realizing microstrip antenna wide-bandwidth angle scanning and microstrip antenna unit |
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