CN114085756A - Spiral rotary drum anaerobic reactor and anaerobic fermentation method thereof - Google Patents
Spiral rotary drum anaerobic reactor and anaerobic fermentation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a spiral rotary drum anaerobic reactor and an anaerobic fermentation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of organic garbage treatment. The device comprises a spiral rotary drum and an acidification bin for hydrolyzing and acidifying materials, wherein a feeding crushing pulping machine is arranged at the upper part of the device, and a slurry conveying pump is arranged in the device; the homogeneous feeding bin is used for blending the acidified slurry and the backflow biogas slurry, is connected with the lower end of the inclined shell into a whole and is provided with a stirrer; a single exhaust valve for discharging biogas; the discharging bin is used for receiving and temporarily storing the fermented materials, and an electric valve is arranged at the lower part of the discharging bin; a centrifugal dehydrator for solid-liquid separation of the fermented product; the upper part of the biogas slurry tank for temporarily storing biogas slurry generated by solid-liquid separation is provided with an overflow discharge port, and a biogas slurry reflux pump is arranged in the overflow discharge port. The device is suitable for materials with solid content of 5-45%; all feeds can complete the set fermentation time; the whole process integration of acidification, anaerobic fermentation and solid-liquid separation can be realized, and the automatic control is convenient.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of organic garbage treatment, in particular to a spiral rotary drum anaerobic reactor and an anaerobic fermentation method thereof.
Background
The kitchen waste treatment facility is mainly constructed by 'centralized treatment' and is assisted by 'decentralized treatment', and compared with the centralized treatment, the decentralized treatment can solve the problems of high transportation cost, no environmental protection in the process of collection and transportation, easy decay and the like. At present, the miniaturized equipment for the dispersed treatment of organic garbage such as kitchen waste mainly adopts an aerobic treatment technology.
Compared with aerobic treatment, the anaerobic fermentation treatment technology has the characteristics of no odor generation, strong capacity of treating meat, eggs and starch substances in kitchen waste, strong capacity reduction capacity, low operation energy consumption, capability of obtaining energy and the like, is a mainstream mode of the current organic garbage treatment, and is used for promoting anaerobic bacteria to propagate by placing the organic garbage in a closed anoxic environment so as to decompose organic matters and convert the organic matters into methane and carbon dioxide. Wherein, the methane can be used as fuel in production and life; the fermentation product is separated into biogas slurry and biogas residue by solid-liquid separation, and can be used as fertilizer. The anaerobic fermentation technology can realize the harmless treatment, the reduction and the resource treatment of organic garbage such as kitchen waste and the like.
At present, most of organic garbage treatment adopts a centralized anaerobic fermentation mode, and the mode comprises wet anaerobic fermentation represented by a large CSTR reactor and dry anaerobic fermentation represented by a cHSAD horizontal reactor. While the decentralized treatment needs the miniaturization of the anaerobic reactor, and in the face of larger material property fluctuation, the existing miniaturization of the anaerobic reactors in the forms has the problems of poor material property fluctuation adaptability, uncontrolled material short-flow fermentation time, complex automatic control and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a spiral rotary drum anaerobic reactor and an anaerobic fermentation method thereof.
A spiral rotary drum anaerobic reactor is characterized by comprising a power main shaft, a shell, a spiral rotary drum, a cylinder body, spiral blades, a one-way exhaust valve, a motor, a spiral rotary drum discharge hole, a discharge bin, an electric valve, a centrifugal dehydrator, a biogas residue outlet, a biogas slurry overflow discharge hole, a biogas slurry box, a spiral rotary drum feed hole, a homogeneous feed bin, an acidification bin, a liquid level line, a feeding crushing pulping machine, a feed inlet, a slurry delivery pump, a first support, a second support, a third support and a biogas slurry reflux pump;
the spiral rotary drum consists of a power main shaft, a drum body and spiral blades, wherein the power main shaft is arranged in the middle of the spiral rotary drum, the spiral blades are continuously welded around the power main shaft, and the outer edges of the spiral blades are welded on the drum body in a seamless mode; a first bracket and a second bracket are arranged at two ends of the power main shaft, wherein a motor is arranged at one end of the power main shaft close to the second bracket; a spiral rotary drum feeding hole is formed in one end, close to the first support, of the cylinder body, and a spiral rotary drum discharging hole is formed in one end, close to the second support, of the cylinder body; a shell fixed on the ground or a first support is arranged outside the spiral rotary drum, and the motor drives the spiral rotary drum to rotate in the shell through a power main shaft; a homogeneous feeding bin is arranged at one end, close to the first support, of the shell, an acidification bin is arranged beside the homogeneous feeding bin, the acidification bin is not communicated with the homogeneous feeding bin, a feeding crushing pulping machine is arranged at the upper part of the acidification bin, a feeding port is arranged at the upper part of the feeding crushing pulping machine, and a slurry conveying pump is arranged in the acidification bin, close to the ground; the top of the shell close to one end of the second support is provided with a one-way exhaust valve, the bottom of the shell is provided with a discharge bin, the discharge bin is connected with a feed inlet of the centrifugal dehydrator through an electric valve, a biogas residue outlet is arranged below the centrifugal dehydrator close to the feed inlet of the centrifugal dehydrator, and the centrifugal dehydrator is supported through a third support; the liquid outlet of the centrifugal dehydrator is connected with the inlet of the biogas liquid tank, the upper part of the biogas liquid tank is provided with a biogas liquid overflow discharge port, and the inner part of the biogas liquid tank is provided with a biogas liquid reflux pump close to the ground.
The spiral rotary drum is wrapped by the shell, and a plurality of independent anaerobic fermentation environments with closed inner spaces are formed under the obstruction of the spiral blades.
The spiral rotary drum and the ground form an angle of 10-30 degrees, the materials are fed, stirred, pushed and discharged through rotation of the spiral rotary drum, the materials are fed at one end close to the ground, the materials are discharged at one end far away from the ground, and the methane is discharged.
Anaerobic fermentation biogas is discharged by the one-way exhaust valve, and fermented products discharged by the spiral rotary drum are received and temporarily stored by the discharge bin.
The centrifugal dehydrator is used for solid-liquid separation of fermentation products.
The biogas slurry tank is used for temporarily storing the solid-liquid separation biogas slurry required by backflow.
And a stirrer is arranged in the homogeneous feeding bin, the acidified slurry and the backflow biogas slurry are firstly blended, inoculated and homogenized, and then the acidified slurry and the backflow biogas slurry are fed into a spiral rotary drum for anaerobic fermentation.
The ratio of the distance between the inner wall of the cylinder and the axis of the power main shaft to the distance between the spiral blades is 5: 1.
The liquid level line does not exceed the lower edge of the power main shaft.
An anaerobic fermentation method of a spiral rotary drum anaerobic reactor is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: putting the organic garbage into a feeding crushing pulping machine through a feeding port to prepare slurry with the granularity less than or equal to 20mm, and falling the slurry into an acidification bin for hydrolysis and acidification;
step 2: after 3 days, the slurry is delivered into a homogeneous feeding bin through a slurry delivery pump, and is mixed with the reflux biogas slurry in proportion in the homogeneous feeding bin to finish methanogen inoculation and pH value adjustment, so as to form slurry suitable for anaerobic fermentation;
and step 3: the spiral rotary drum twists the slurry in the homogeneous feeding bin into the interior of the spiral rotary drum through rotation for anaerobic fermentation, and methane generated by the anaerobic fermentation is discharged through a one-way exhaust valve;
and 4, step 4: after the fermentation time of 30 days is finished, discharging the fermentation product into a discharge bin from a discharge port of the spiral rotary drum;
and 5: after the discharging storage is full of 1 day of fermentation products, opening an electric valve, and discharging the fermentation products into a centrifugal dehydrator; separating the fermentation product into biogas residue and biogas slurry in a centrifugal dehydrator, wherein the biogas residue is discharged from a biogas residue outlet, and the biogas slurry is discharged into a biogas slurry tank for temporary storage from a biogas slurry overflow discharge port; and the biogas slurry enters the homogeneous feeding bin through the biogas slurry reflux pump to be mixed with the acidified slurry in proportion, and the redundant biogas slurry is discharged through the biogas slurry overflow discharge outlet.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention is suitable for materials with solid content of 5-45%, and has wide application range; the material does not flow in the reactor in a short time, and all the feeding materials can finish the set fermentation time; the construction scale is not limited, and the small anaerobic fermentation equipment can be manufactured, so that the fermentation effect is not influenced; realizes the integration of the whole process of acidification, anaerobic fermentation and solid-liquid separation, and is convenient for automatic control. In addition, the invention can complete a complete set of process flows of crushing pulping, acidification, proportioning homogenization, anaerobic fermentation, solid-liquid separation, biogas slurry reflux and the like required by two-phase anaerobic fermentation of organic garbage such as kitchen waste and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing the overall structure of a spiral drum anaerobic reactor according to the present invention;
in the figure: 1-power main shaft, 2-shell, 3-spiral rotary drum, 4-cylinder, 5-spiral blade, 6-one-way exhaust valve, 7-motor, 8-spiral rotary drum discharge port, 9-discharge bin, 10-electric valve, 11-centrifugal dehydrator, 12-biogas residue outlet, 13-biogas slurry overflow discharge port, 14-biogas slurry box, 15-spiral rotary drum feed port, 16-homogeneous feed bin, 17-acidification bin, 18-liquid level line, 19-feeding crushing pulping machine, 20-feed port, 21-slurry delivery pump, 22-first support, 23-second support, 24-third support and 25-biogas slurry reflux pump.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a spiral rotary drum anaerobic reactor and an anaerobic fermentation method thereof, and the invention is further explained by combining the attached drawings and specific embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing the overall structure of a spiral drum anaerobic reactor according to the present invention; the anaerobic fermentation device consists of an anaerobic fermentation reactor, a material crushing and pulping device, an acidification bin, a homogeneous feeding bin, a discharging bin, a one-way exhaust valve, a centrifugal dehydrator and a biogas slurry tank, wherein the anaerobic fermentation reactor consists of a horizontal spiral rotary drum and a shell for hermetically wrapping the spiral rotary drum.
The spiral drum 3 is provided with a power main shaft 1 in the middle, continuous spiral blades 5 are welded around the power main shaft 1, the spiral blades 5 surround the main shaft for 90 circles, the outer edges of the spiral blades 5 are welded to a cylinder 4 of the spiral drum 3 in a seamless mode, the ratio of the distance between the inner wall of the cylinder 4 and the power main shaft 1 to the distance between the spiral blades 5 is 5:1, and the power main shaft 1, the spiral blades 5 and the cylinder 4 form the spiral drum 3. The spiral rotary drum 3 is obliquely arranged, an angle of 10-30 degrees is formed between the spiral rotary drum and the ground, the lower end of the spiral rotary drum is used for feeding, and the higher end of the spiral rotary drum is used for discharging and discharging methane. Two ends of the power main shaft 1 are provided with supporting brackets, and the higher end is provided with a motor 7 which drives the spiral rotary drum 3 to rotate through the power main shaft 1.
The spiral rotary drum 3 completes feeding, stirring, pushing and discharging of materials through rotation, the spiral rotary drum 3 intermittently rotates once every 8 hours, and the rotation is 360 degrees every time. Namely, the spiral rotary drum 3 feeds 3 times a day, discharges 3 times, and finishes stirring 3 times.
Anaerobic fermentation is carried out on the materials in the spiral rotary drum 3, the fermentation time is set to be 30 days, the liquid level height is controlled not to exceed the lower edge of the power main shaft 1 when feeding is carried out, otherwise, methane cannot be discharged; due to the partition of the spiral blades 5, 90 independent anaerobic fermentation spaces are formed in the spiral rotary drum 3 by the materials. Each separate anaerobic fermentation space contains a daily feed of 1/3 to the spiral drum 3.
The outside of spiral rotary drum 3 sets up casing 2 fixed with ground or support, and spiral rotary drum 3 is at 2 internal rotations of casing, and casing 2 parcel spiral rotary drum 3 just is airtight space, provides the anaerobic fermentation environment for spiral rotary drum 3. The housing 2 and the helical drum 3 are inclined at the same angle.
The part of the shell 2, which is positioned at the lower end of the inclined spiral rotary drum 3, is provided with a homogeneous feeding bin 16, the homogeneous feeding bin and the shell 2 are integrated, a vertical stirrer is arranged in the homogeneous feeding bin, the main function of the homogeneous feeding bin is to mix, inoculate and homogenize acidified slurry and backflow biogas slurry to form slurry suitable for subsequent anaerobic fermentation, and the spiral rotary drum 3 twists the mixed slurry into the spiral rotary drum 3 through rotation to perform anaerobic fermentation. The effective volume of the homogeneous feeding bin 16 is the feeding amount of the spiral rotary drum 3 for 2 days. The liquid level of the materials in the homogeneous feeding bin 16 is kept at the lower edge of the power main shaft 1 at the lower end of the spiral rotary drum 3, and the arrangement is the key point for controlling the liquid level of the materials in each independent anaerobic fermentation space in the spiral rotary drum 3 not to exceed the lower edge of the power main shaft 1.
The top of the shell 2 at the higher end of the inclined spiral rotary drum 3 is provided with a one-way exhaust valve 6 for exhausting methane generated by anaerobic fermentation in the spiral rotary drum 3.
The lower part of the shell 2, which is positioned at the higher end of the inclined spiral rotary drum 3, is provided with a material discharging bin 9, which is positioned below a discharge port 8 of the spiral rotary drum and is used for receiving and temporarily storing a fermented product discharged by the spiral rotary drum 3, the effective volume of the fermented product is 1 day, and the lower part of the material discharging bin 9 is provided with an electric valve 10.
The acidification bin 17 is located beside the homogeneous feeding bin 16 at the lower end of the shell 2, is not communicated with the homogeneous feeding bin 16, is an independent bin body, is used for hydrolytic acidification of slurry, sets the hydrolytic acidification time of the slurry to be 3 days, is internally provided with a slurry conveying pump 21, and pumps the acidified slurry into the homogeneous feeding bin 16.
The feeding crushing pulping machine 19 is arranged at the upper part of the acidification bin 17, the crushed pulp (the granularity is less than or equal to 20mm) directly falls into the acidification bin 17, and a material inlet of the feeding crushing pulping machine 19 is a material (organic garbage such as kitchen waste) inlet of the anaerobic fermentation integrated equipment.
The centrifugal dehydrator 11 is located below the discharging bin 9, is supported by a support and is used for solid-liquid separation of fermentation products, a feeding hole of the centrifugal dehydrator is connected with the electric valve 10 of the discharging bin of the shell, feeding is controlled by opening and closing of the electric valve 10, and the hourly processing capacity of the centrifugal dehydrator is the effective volume of the discharging bin 9, namely the yield of the fermentation products of 1 day. The solid phase outlet of the centrifugal dehydrator 11 is the biogas residue outlet 12 of the anaerobic fermentation integrated equipment.
The biogas slurry tank 14 is located below the centrifugal dehydrator 11, fixed on the ground or on a support, used for temporarily storing the solid-liquid separation biogas slurry required by biogas slurry reflux, an inlet of the biogas slurry tank is connected with a liquid outlet of the centrifugal dehydrator 11, the volume of the biogas slurry tank is about 2 days of biogas slurry yield, a biogas slurry reflux pump 25 is arranged in the biogas slurry tank, and biogas slurry with a set proportion is pumped into the homogeneous feeding bin 16. The upper part of the biogas slurry tank 14 is provided with a biogas slurry overflow discharge port 13, and redundant biogas slurry overflows from the discharge port and is a biogas slurry outlet of the anaerobic fermentation integrated equipment.
The whole treatment process of the spiral rotary drum anaerobic fermentation integrated equipment comprises the following steps: after organic garbage such as kitchen waste enters the integrated equipment, firstly, slurry with the granularity of less than or equal to 20mm is prepared through a feeding crushing pulping machine 19 and falls into an acidification bin 17, after hydrolysis and acidification are carried out for 3 days in the acidification bin 17, the slurry is conveyed into a homogeneous feeding bin 16 through a slurry conveying pump 21, the slurry is mixed with backflow biogas slurry in the homogeneous feeding bin 16 in proportion to complete methanogen inoculation and pH value adjustment to form slurry suitable for anaerobic fermentation, the spiral rotary drum 3 twists the slurry in the homogeneous feeding bin 16 into the spiral rotary drum 3 through rotation to carry out anaerobic fermentation, biogas generated by anaerobic fermentation is discharged out of the equipment through a one-way exhaust valve 6 at the upper part of a shell 2, after fermentation time of 30 days is completed, a fermentation product is discharged into a discharge bin 9 at the lower part of the spiral rotary drum through a discharge port 8, after the discharge bin 9 is full of the fermentation product for 1 day, an electric valve 10 at the lower part of the discharge bin is opened, the fermentation product is discharged into a centrifugal dehydrator 11, the fermentation product is separated into biogas residue and biogas slurry in the centrifugal dehydrator 11, the biogas residue is discharged from the solid phase outlet of the centrifugal dehydrator 11 out of the device, the biogas slurry is discharged from the liquid phase outlet of the centrifugal dehydrator 11 into the biogas slurry tank 14 for temporary storage, pumped into the homogeneous feeding bin 16 through the biogas slurry reflux pump 25 therein, mixed with the acidified slurry in proportion, and the redundant biogas slurry is discharged out of the device through the biogas slurry overflow discharge outlet 13 at the upper part of the biogas slurry tank 14.
The whole treatment process of the spiral rotary drum anaerobic fermentation integrated equipment comprises the steps of feeding and discharging and biogas slurry backflow proportion, and automatic control can be realized by arranging modes such as a liquid level meter, a PH meter, a water pump controller and a program control chip.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are also within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A spiral rotary drum anaerobic reactor is characterized by comprising a power main shaft (1), a shell (2), a spiral rotary drum (3), a cylinder body (4), spiral blades (5), a one-way exhaust valve (6), a motor (7), a spiral rotary drum discharge hole (8), a discharge bin (9), an electric valve (10), a centrifugal dehydrator (11), a biogas residue outlet (12), a biogas slurry overflow discharge hole (13), a biogas slurry tank (14), a spiral rotary drum feed inlet (15), a homogeneous feed bin (16), an acidification bin (17), a liquid level line (18), a feed crushing pulping machine (19), a feed inlet (20), a slurry conveying pump (21), a first support (22), a second support (23), a third support (24) and a biogas slurry reflux pump (25);
the spiral rotary drum (3) consists of a power main shaft (1), a cylinder body (4) and spiral blades (5), the power main shaft (1) is arranged in the middle of the spiral rotary drum (3), the spiral blades (5) are continuously welded around the power main shaft (1), and the outer edges of the spiral blades (5) are welded on the cylinder body (4) in a seamless mode; a first support (22) and a second support (23) are arranged at two ends of the power main shaft (1), wherein a motor (7) is arranged at one end, close to the second support (23), of the power main shaft (1); a spiral rotary drum feeding hole (15) is formed in one end, close to the first support (22), of the cylinder body (4), and a spiral rotary drum discharging hole (8) is formed in one end, close to the second support (23); a shell (2) fixed on the ground or a first support (22) is arranged outside the spiral rotary drum (3), and the motor (7) drives the spiral rotary drum (3) to rotate in the shell (2) through the power main shaft (1); a homogeneous feeding bin (16) is arranged at one end, close to a first support (22), of the shell (2), an acidification bin (17) is arranged beside the homogeneous feeding bin (16), the acidification bin (17) is not communicated with the homogeneous feeding bin (16), a feeding crushing pulping machine (19) is arranged at the upper part of the acidification bin (17), a feeding port (20) is arranged at the upper part of the feeding crushing pulping machine (19), and a pulp conveying pump (21) is arranged in the acidification bin (17) close to the ground; the top of one end, close to the second support (23), of the shell (2) is provided with a one-way exhaust valve (6), the bottom of the one end is provided with a discharge bin (9), the discharge bin (9) is connected with a feed inlet of the centrifugal dehydrator (11) through an electric valve (10), a biogas residue outlet (12) is arranged below the centrifugal dehydrator (11) close to the feed inlet, and the centrifugal dehydrator (11) is supported through a third support (24); the liquid outlet of the centrifugal dehydrator (11) is connected with the inlet of the biogas liquid box (14), the upper part of the biogas liquid box (14) is provided with a biogas liquid overflow discharge outlet (13), and the inside of the biogas liquid overflow discharge outlet is provided with a biogas liquid reflux pump (25) close to the ground.
2. Spiral drum anaerobic reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the spiral drum (3) is wrapped by the housing (2) and forms a plurality of independent anaerobic fermentation environments with closed inner space under the obstruction of the spiral blades (5).
3. The spiral drum anaerobic reactor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the spiral drum (3) forms an angle of 10-30 ° with the ground, the feeding, stirring, pushing and discharging of the material are completed by the rotation thereof, and the feeding is performed at the end close to the ground, the discharging is performed at the end far from the ground and the biogas is discharged.
4. Spiral drum anaerobic reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the one-way vent valve (6) discharges anaerobically fermented biogas, and the discharge bin (9) receives and temporarily stores the fermented product discharged from the spiral drum (3).
5. Spiral drum anaerobic reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the centrifugal dehydrator (11) is used for solid-liquid separation of fermentation product.
6. A spiral drum anaerobic reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the biogas slurry tank (14) is used for temporarily storing the solid-liquid separation biogas slurry required for reflux.
7. A spiral drum anaerobic reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the homogeneous feeding bin (16) is internally provided with a stirrer, the acidified slurry and the returned biogas slurry are firstly mixed, inoculated and homogenized, and then fed into the spiral drum (3) for anaerobic fermentation.
8. Spiral drum anaerobic reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the distance between the inner wall of the cylinder (4) and the axis of the power spindle (1) to the pitch of the helical blades (5) is 5: 1.
9. Spiral drum anaerobic reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the liquid level line (18) does not exceed the lower edge of the power spindle (1).
10. An anaerobic fermentation method of the spiral drum anaerobic reactor of claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: organic garbage is put into a feeding crushing pulping machine (19) through a feeding port (20) to prepare slurry with the granularity less than or equal to 20mm, and the slurry falls into an acidification bin (17) for hydrolysis acidification;
step 2: after 3 days of hydrolytic acidification, the slurry is sent into a homogeneous feeding bin (16) through a slurry conveying pump (21), and is mixed with the backflow biogas slurry in proportion in the homogeneous feeding bin (16), methanogen inoculation and PH value adjustment are completed, and slurry suitable for anaerobic fermentation is formed;
and step 3: the spiral rotary drum (3) twists the slurry in the homogeneous feeding bin (16) into the interior of the spiral rotary drum (3) through rotation to perform anaerobic fermentation, and biogas generated by the anaerobic fermentation is discharged through the one-way exhaust valve (6);
and 4, step 4: after fermentation time of 30 days is finished, the fermentation product is discharged into a discharging bin (9) from a discharging hole (8) of the spiral rotary drum;
and 5: after the discharging bin (9) stores the fermentation product for 1 day, the electric valve (10) is opened, and the fermentation product is discharged into the centrifugal dehydrator (11); the fermentation product is separated into biogas residue and biogas slurry in a centrifugal dehydrator (11), wherein the biogas residue is discharged from a biogas residue outlet (12), and the biogas slurry is discharged into a biogas slurry tank (14) for temporary storage through a biogas slurry overflow discharge outlet (13); the biogas slurry enters a homogeneous feeding bin (16) through a biogas slurry reflux pump (25) to be mixed with the acidified slurry in proportion, and the redundant biogas slurry is discharged through a biogas slurry overflow discharge port (13).
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