CN204454910U - Fruits and vegetables class organic garbage disposal - Google Patents
Fruits and vegetables class organic garbage disposal Download PDFInfo
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- CN204454910U CN204454910U CN201520070509.3U CN201520070509U CN204454910U CN 204454910 U CN204454910 U CN 204454910U CN 201520070509 U CN201520070509 U CN 201520070509U CN 204454910 U CN204454910 U CN 204454910U
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- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 title claims description 14
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 25
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010564 aerobic fermentation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241000255925 Diptera Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011038 discontinuous diafiltration by volume reduction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009270 solid waste treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- QNRATNLHPGXHMA-XZHTYLCXSA-N (r)-(6-ethoxyquinolin-4-yl)-[(2s,4s,5r)-5-ethyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]methanol;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C([C@H]([C@H](C1)CC)C2)CN1[C@@H]2[C@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OCC)C=C21 QNRATNLHPGXHMA-XZHTYLCXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011001 backwashing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000149 chemical water pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021022 fresh fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种果蔬类有机垃圾处理机，包括依次连接的进料单元、预处理单元、输送单元、发酵单元、出料单元；预处理单元采用立式结构包括的螺旋输送管、粉碎单元、脱水挤压单元；发酵单元包括发酵仓，发酵仓的进料口处设有菌剂添加器，发酵仓的下部设有加热装置，发酵仓内设有传感器、通风机、喷淋装置、搅拌装置，所述发酵仓的外壁设有保温层；出料单元包括倾斜板通道，发酵仓下部的出料口与倾斜板通道连接，倾斜板通道的下部设有封装袋。结构简单、集成度高，能实现果蔬垃圾产生的源头处理。
The utility model discloses a processing machine for fruit and vegetable organic waste, which comprises a feeding unit, a preprocessing unit, a conveying unit, a fermentation unit and a discharging unit which are sequentially connected; the preprocessing unit adopts a vertical structure including a spiral conveying pipe, a crushing Unit, dehydration extrusion unit; the fermentation unit includes a fermentation bin, the feed port of the fermentation bin is provided with a bacterial agent additive, the lower part of the fermentation bin is provided with a heating device, and the fermentation bin is equipped with a sensor, a fan, a spray device, Stirring device, the outer wall of the fermentation bin is provided with an insulating layer; the discharge unit includes an inclined plate channel, the outlet of the lower part of the fermentation bin is connected to the inclined plate channel, and the lower part of the inclined plate channel is provided with a packaging bag. With simple structure and high integration, it can realize the source treatment of fruit and vegetable waste.
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及一种固废处理处置装置，尤其涉及一种果蔬类有机垃圾处理机。The utility model relates to a solid waste treatment and disposal device, in particular to a fruit and vegetable organic waste processor.
背景技术Background technique
在日常生活和农业生产过程中均会产生大量果蔬废弃物，我国城市生活垃圾的20％～50％来自新鲜果蔬的废弃物，每年果蔬废弃物产量占果蔬总产量的25％～30％，每年约有1亿多吨的水果和蔬菜废弃物产生，其中绝大部分没有进行资源化利用而被当作垃圾与生活垃圾一同处理，但果蔬垃圾含水率高、易腐败、易滋生蚊虫，掺混在生活垃圾中造成垃圾含水率升高，热值降低，不利于现行的填埋或焚烧。果蔬垃圾的产生源头比较集中，容易实现单独收集，从产生源头进行处理，不仅有效的解决果蔬垃圾对环境的危害，而且降低果蔬垃圾的清运成本。A large amount of fruit and vegetable waste is produced in daily life and agricultural production. 20% to 50% of urban domestic waste in my country comes from fresh fruit and vegetable waste, and the annual fruit and vegetable waste production accounts for 25% to 30% of the total fruit and vegetable output. There are more than 100 million tons of fruit and vegetable waste produced, most of which are not used as resources and are treated as garbage together with domestic waste. However, fruit and vegetable waste has a high moisture content, is perishable, and is easy to breed mosquitoes. The moisture content of domestic waste increases and the calorific value decreases, which is not conducive to the current landfill or incineration. The sources of fruit and vegetable waste are relatively concentrated, and it is easy to collect them separately. Treating them from the source not only effectively solves the environmental hazards of fruit and vegetable waste, but also reduces the cost of clearing and transporting fruit and vegetable waste.
现有技术中，固废处理传统技术包括：In the existing technology, traditional technologies for solid waste treatment include:
1、卫生填埋：果蔬垃圾含水率高、易腐败，填埋后易造成地下水和大气的二次污染，垃圾渗滤液处理难，且逐渐释放出大量的CH4和CO2等温室气体。不符合果蔬垃圾的物料特性特点，二次污染严重。外运成本高。1. Sanitary landfill: Fruit and vegetable waste has a high moisture content and is easy to corrupt. After landfilling, it is easy to cause secondary pollution of groundwater and the atmosphere. Landfill leachate is difficult to treat and gradually releases a large amount of greenhouse gases such as CH4 and CO2. It does not meet the material characteristics of fruit and vegetable waste, and the secondary pollution is serious. High shipping costs.
2、厌氧消化：物料性质比较适合用作厌氧消化处理，产生三沼(沼气、沼渣、沼液)，沼气作为能源回收，但沼渣和沼液的量很大，需要大量土地农田消纳，如果放在源头处理很难处理，且消化周期30天以上，时间长。2. Anaerobic digestion: The nature of the material is more suitable for anaerobic digestion treatment, producing three methane (biogas, biogas residue, biogas slurry), biogas is used as energy recovery, but the amount of biogas residue and biogas slurry is large, requiring a large amount of land for consumption Sodium, it is difficult to deal with if it is treated at the source, and the digestion cycle is more than 30 days, which takes a long time.
3、传统堆肥：占地面积大，处理工艺时间，管理复杂，产生有害气体。3. Traditional composting: it occupies a large area, takes a long time to process, complicated management, and produces harmful gases.
4、焚烧：果蔬垃圾含水率高，热值低，无法实施。4. Incineration: fruit and vegetable waste has high moisture content and low calorific value, so it cannot be implemented.
实用新型内容Utility model content
本实用新型的目的是提供一种结构简单、集成度高，能实现果蔬垃圾产生的源头处理的果蔬类有机垃圾处理机。The purpose of the utility model is to provide a fruit and vegetable organic waste processor with simple structure and high integration, which can realize the source treatment of fruit and vegetable waste.
本实用新型的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的：The purpose of this utility model is achieved by the following technical solutions:
本实用新型的果蔬类有机垃圾处理机，包括依次连接的进料单元、预处理单元、输送单元、发酵单元、出料单元；The fruit and vegetable organic waste disposer of the utility model comprises a feeding unit, a pretreatment unit, a conveying unit, a fermentation unit and a discharging unit connected in sequence;
所述进料单元包括上料机，所述上料机通过接收斗与所述预处理单元连接；The feeding unit includes a feeder, and the feeder is connected to the pretreatment unit through a receiving hopper;
所述预处理单元采用立式结构，包括与所述接收斗底端连接的螺旋输送管，所述螺旋输送管内设有螺旋转轴，所述螺旋输送管尾端与粉碎单元连接，所述粉碎单元与脱水挤压单元连接，所述脱水挤压单元的液相出口通过排水管与市政管网连接，固相出口与所述输送单元连接；The pretreatment unit adopts a vertical structure, including a spiral conveying pipe connected to the bottom end of the receiving bucket, a spiral shaft is arranged in the spiral conveying pipe, the tail end of the spiral conveying pipe is connected with a crushing unit, and the crushing unit Connected to the dehydration extrusion unit, the liquid phase outlet of the dehydration extrusion unit is connected to the municipal pipe network through the drain pipe, and the solid phase outlet is connected to the delivery unit;
所述输送单元包括刮板上料机；The conveying unit includes a scraper feeder;
所述发酵单元包括发酵仓，所述刮板输送机的末端与所述发酵仓上部的进料口连接，所述发酵仓的进料口处设有菌剂添加器，所述发酵仓的下部设有加热装置，所述发酵仓内设有传感器、通风机、喷淋装置、搅拌装置，所述发酵仓的外壁设有保温层；The fermentation unit includes a fermentation bin, the end of the scraper conveyor is connected to the feed port on the upper part of the fermentation bin, the feed port of the fermentation bin is provided with an agent additive, and the bottom of the fermentation bin is A heating device is provided, a sensor, a ventilator, a spray device, and a stirring device are arranged in the fermentation chamber, and an insulation layer is provided on the outer wall of the fermentation chamber;
所述出料单元包括倾斜板通道，所述发酵仓下部的出料口与所述倾斜板通道连接，所述倾斜板通道的下部设有封装袋。The discharge unit includes an inclined plate channel, the outlet of the lower part of the fermentation bin is connected with the inclined plate channel, and the lower part of the inclined plate channel is provided with a packaging bag.
由上述本实用新型提供的技术方案可以看出，本实用新型实施例提供的果蔬类有机垃圾处理机，由于包括依次连接的进料单元、预处理单元、输送单元、发酵单元、出料单元，结构简单、集成度高，主要用于农贸市场、蔬果交易集散地、加工基地等产生果蔬垃圾进行减量化、资源化、无害化处理处置，实现果蔬垃圾产生的源头处理。It can be seen from the technical solution provided by the above-mentioned utility model that the fruit and vegetable organic waste disposal machine provided by the embodiment of the utility model includes a sequentially connected feeding unit, pretreatment unit, conveying unit, fermentation unit, and discharging unit. Simple in structure and high in integration, it is mainly used for reduction, recycling, and harmless treatment of fruit and vegetable waste generated in farmers' markets, vegetable and fruit trading distribution centers, and processing bases, so as to realize the source treatment of fruit and vegetable waste.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本实用新型实施例提供的果蔬类有机垃圾处理机的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the fruit and vegetable class organic waste processing machine that the utility model embodiment provides;
图2为图1的1-1截面的结构示意图；Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the 1-1 section of Fig. 1;
图3为图1的2-2截面的结构示意图；Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the 2-2 section of Fig. 1;
图4为图1的A-A截面的结构示意图。FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the section A-A of FIG. 1 .
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将对本实用新型实施例作进一步地详细描述。The embodiments of the present utility model will be further described in detail below.
本实用新型的果蔬类有机垃圾处理机，其较佳的具体实施方式是：The fruit and vegetable class organic waste processing machine of the present utility model, its preferred embodiment is:
包括依次连接的进料单元、预处理单元、输送单元、发酵单元、出料单元；Including feeding unit, pretreatment unit, conveying unit, fermentation unit and discharging unit connected in sequence;
所述进料单元包括上料机，所述上料机通过接收斗与所述预处理单元连接；The feeding unit includes a feeder, and the feeder is connected to the pretreatment unit through a receiving hopper;
所述预处理单元采用立式结构，包括与所述接收斗底端连接的螺旋输送管，所述螺旋输送管内设有螺旋转轴，所述螺旋输送管尾端与粉碎单元连接，所述粉碎单元与脱水挤压单元连接，所述脱水挤压单元的液相出口通过排水管与市政管网连接，固相出口与所述输送单元连接；The pretreatment unit adopts a vertical structure, including a spiral conveying pipe connected to the bottom end of the receiving bucket, a spiral shaft is arranged in the spiral conveying pipe, the tail end of the spiral conveying pipe is connected with a crushing unit, and the crushing unit Connected to the dehydration extrusion unit, the liquid phase outlet of the dehydration extrusion unit is connected to the municipal pipe network through the drain pipe, and the solid phase outlet is connected to the delivery unit;
所述输送单元包括刮板上料机；The conveying unit includes a scraper feeder;
所述发酵单元包括发酵仓，所述刮板输送机的末端与所述发酵仓上部的进料口连接，所述发酵仓的进料口处设有菌剂添加器，所述发酵仓的下部设有加热装置，所述发酵仓内设有传感器、通风机、喷淋装置、搅拌装置，所述发酵仓的外壁设有保温层；The fermentation unit includes a fermentation bin, the end of the scraper conveyor is connected to the feed port on the upper part of the fermentation bin, the feed port of the fermentation bin is provided with an agent additive, and the bottom of the fermentation bin is A heating device is provided, a sensor, a ventilator, a spray device, and a stirring device are arranged in the fermentation chamber, and an insulation layer is provided on the outer wall of the fermentation chamber;
所述出料单元包括倾斜板通道，所述发酵仓下部的出料口与所述倾斜板通道连接，所述倾斜板通道的下部设有封装袋。The discharge unit includes an inclined plate channel, the outlet of the lower part of the fermentation bin is connected with the inclined plate channel, and the lower part of the inclined plate channel is provided with a packaging bag.
所述上料机设有称重模块和设有液压推杆提升装置。The feeder is provided with a weighing module and a hydraulic push rod lifting device.
所述螺旋转轴的螺旋间距自上而下逐渐变小。The helical pitch of the helical shaft decreases gradually from top to bottom.
所述粉碎单元包括锤片式粉碎机。The pulverizing unit includes a hammer mill.
所述刮板上料机的刮板下部布满小孔，所述刮板上料机下方设有钢丝刷。The lower part of the scraper of the scraper feeder is covered with small holes, and a wire brush is arranged under the scraper feeder.
所述搅拌装置包括中心轴，所述中心轴上设有菱形桨叶，所述中心轴与变频电机连接。The agitating device includes a central shaft on which rhombic paddles are arranged, and the central shaft is connected with a variable frequency motor.
还包括自控单元。Also includes autonomous control unit.
本实用新型采用高温好氧发酵技术，有别于传统堆肥，占地面积小，处理周期短(本设备7天，传统15天以上)，整套装置自动化程度高(只需人工操作进料出料即可)，减容率高(90％)，无需添加辅料(本设备因为预处理得当，不需添加辅料调整物料含水率)。特别适合农贸市场、批发集散地、果蔬加工厂等果蔬垃圾的产生源头，从源头进行无害化就地处理，解决了果蔬垃圾易腐败、易滋生驱蚊、外运成本高的问题，能够直接接收果蔬垃圾原始物料，简单快速的进行无害化处理处置，并且在处理过程中不产生二次污染，处理后产物为有机肥料，有一定的经济价值。The utility model adopts high-temperature aerobic fermentation technology, which is different from traditional composting. It occupies a small area and has a short processing cycle (7 days for this equipment, more than 15 days for the traditional one), and a high degree of automation for the whole set of devices (only manual operation is required to feed and discharge materials) can), high volume reduction rate (90%), no need to add auxiliary materials (this equipment does not need to add auxiliary materials to adjust the moisture content of materials because of proper pretreatment). It is especially suitable for the source of fruit and vegetable waste such as farmers' markets, wholesale distribution centers, and fruit and vegetable processing plants. It can be treated harmlessly and on-site from the source, solving the problems of easy corruption of fruit and vegetable waste, easy breeding and repelling mosquitoes, and high transportation costs. It can be directly received The raw materials of fruit and vegetable waste can be easily and quickly processed in a harmless manner, and no secondary pollution will be generated during the treatment process. The processed product is organic fertilizer, which has certain economic value.
本实用新型可接收果蔬垃圾原始物料，可自动进行好氧发酵并进行出料，最终得到可再利用的有机肥料，解决了果蔬垃圾的处理问题，并能够创造一定的经济价值。The utility model can receive raw materials of fruit and vegetable garbage, can automatically carry out aerobic fermentation and discharge, and finally obtain reusable organic fertilizer, solves the problem of fruit and vegetable garbage treatment, and can create certain economic value.
具体实施例：Specific examples:
如图1至图4所示，主要包括：进料单元、预处理单元、输送单元、发酵单元、出料单元、自控单元。As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 4, it mainly includes: feeding unit, pretreatment unit, conveying unit, fermentation unit, discharging unit, and automatic control unit.
1、进料单元包括上料机，接收斗，称重模块组成，上料机由液压推杆提升，一次上料接收标准垃圾桶的容量，上料机设置称重模块，进料流程中自动记录进料重量，上料机连接接收斗。进入预处理单元。1. The feeding unit consists of a feeding machine, a receiving hopper, and a weighing module. The feeding machine is lifted by a hydraulic push rod to receive the capacity of a standard trash can for one feeding. The feeding machine is equipped with a weighing module, which automatically Record the weight of the feed, and connect the feeder to the receiving hopper. Enter the preprocessing unit.
2、预处理单元将脱水和粉碎工艺结合，采用立式结构，接收斗底端连接一段螺旋输送管，螺旋输送管是一段较粗的空心管，里面套有螺旋转轴，螺旋转轴的螺旋间距会随着越来越靠近底端而逐渐变小，这样不仅可以起到输送的作用，还可以起到粗粉碎和预脱水的作用。与螺旋输送管尾端相连的是粉碎单元，采用机械粉碎原理，锤片式粉碎，将物料粉碎成小粒径的颗粒或者块状，增大比表面积。将粉碎过后的物料倾倒在脱水挤压单元，通过压力作用，将物料中的水分挤出，同时也可对粉碎不完全的物料进行挤压，在脱水的同时压碎或者压成薄片状，增大了后续发酵反应的反应面积，使其完全充分混合反应，挤出来的水分通过排水管外排至市政管网。，含水率60％左右。进入输送单元。2. The pretreatment unit combines the dehydration and crushing process, and adopts a vertical structure. The bottom of the receiving bucket is connected to a section of spiral conveying pipe. The spiral conveying pipe is a thick hollow pipe with a spiral shaft inside. As it gets closer to the bottom, it gradually becomes smaller, so that it can not only play the role of conveying, but also play the role of coarse crushing and pre-dehydration. Connected to the end of the screw conveying pipe is the crushing unit, which adopts the principle of mechanical crushing and hammer-type crushing to crush the material into small particles or blocks to increase the specific surface area. The crushed material is poured into the dehydration extrusion unit, and the moisture in the material is squeezed out through the action of pressure. At the same time, the incompletely crushed material can also be squeezed, crushed or pressed into flakes during dehydration, and increased The reaction area of the subsequent fermentation reaction is enlarged, so that it is fully mixed and reacted, and the extruded water is discharged to the municipal pipe network through the drain pipe. , The moisture content is about 60%. into the delivery unit.
3、输送单元，采用刮板上料机，在刮板上有特殊结构，下方布满小孔，有助于固液分离效果，在刮板上料机下方设置有钢丝刷，将挤压脱水结块的物料充分打散，保证物料孔隙率，有利用微生物充分快速的降解物料。3. The conveying unit adopts a scraper feeder, which has a special structure on the scraper, and the lower part is covered with small holes, which is helpful for the solid-liquid separation effect. A wire brush is installed under the scraper feeder to dehydrate the extrusion The agglomerated material is fully dispersed to ensure the porosity of the material, and it is possible to fully and rapidly degrade the material by using microorganisms.
4、发酵单元，由发酵仓、菌剂添加器、加热装置、保温层、传感器、通风机、喷淋装置组成。采用强制通风翻堆工艺，发酵翻堆有变频电机驱动菱形桨叶翻炒，由六片大桨叶以发散状焊接在中心轴上，可沿垂直方向旋转搅拌物料，提高搅拌效率，充分打散物料完成混料。加热装置将发酵仓内部控温至50-55度，由温度传感器控制，保温层减少热量损失，氧含量传感器控制通风机运行时间，喷淋水装置是一种小型喷头，主要用来增加发酵单元的湿度，还可用来进行物料的反冲洗。4. The fermentation unit is composed of a fermentation chamber, an inoculum additive, a heating device, an insulation layer, a sensor, a fan, and a spraying device. The forced ventilation turning process is adopted, and the fermentation turning is driven by the frequency conversion motor to stir the diamond-shaped paddles. The six large paddles are welded on the central axis in a divergent shape, and the materials can be rotated and stirred in the vertical direction to improve the mixing efficiency and fully break up. The material is mixed. The heating device controls the internal temperature of the fermentation chamber to 50-55 degrees, controlled by the temperature sensor, the insulation layer reduces heat loss, the oxygen content sensor controls the running time of the fan, and the spray water device is a small nozzle, mainly used to increase the fermentation unit Humidity can also be used for backwashing of materials.
5、出料单元的最重要组成部分就是出料口，出料口设置在机体下方，并与有一定倾斜角度的板通道相连接，利用重力出料，出料口安置封装袋，灌料后人工封袋运走，出料可用来做有机肥料，二次利用，避免环境污染与土地占用，经济环保，循环利用价值高。出料含水率在30％以下。5. The most important part of the discharge unit is the discharge port. The discharge port is set under the machine body and connected to the plate channel with a certain inclination angle. The material is discharged by gravity, and the packaging bag is placed at the discharge port. After filling Manually sealed and transported away, the output can be used as organic fertilizer for secondary use, avoiding environmental pollution and land occupation, economical and environmentally friendly, and has high recycling value. The moisture content of the discharge material is below 30%.
工艺流程：进料单元设有果蔬垃圾投放口，投放口是一个方形的斗，斗底端连接一段螺旋输送管，螺旋输送管是一段较粗的空心管，里面套有螺旋转轴，螺旋转轴的螺旋间距会随着越来越靠近底端而逐渐变小，这样不仅可以起到输送的作用，还可以起到粗粉碎和预脱水的作用。与螺旋输送管尾端相连的是粉碎单元，采用机械粉碎原理，锤片式粉碎，将物料粉碎成小粒径的颗粒或者块状，增大比表面积。将粉碎过后的物料倾倒在脱水挤压单元，通过压力作用，将物料中的水分挤出，同时也可对粉碎不完全的物料进行挤压，在脱水的同时压碎或者压成薄片状，增大了后续发酵反应的反应面积，使其完全充分混合反应，挤出来的水分通过排水管外排至市政管网。物料经过预处理后，进入输送单元，在输送单元内物料被提升至发酵单元，并通过进口处钢丝刷结构将物料充分打散，保证孔隙率。Technological process: The feeding unit is equipped with a fruit and vegetable garbage discharge port, which is a square bucket, and the bottom of the bucket is connected to a section of screw conveying pipe. The screw pitch will gradually become smaller as it gets closer to the bottom, which can not only play the role of conveying, but also play the role of coarse crushing and pre-dehydration. Connected to the end of the screw conveying pipe is the crushing unit, which adopts the principle of mechanical crushing and hammer-type crushing to crush the material into small particles or blocks to increase the specific surface area. The crushed material is poured into the dehydration extrusion unit, and the moisture in the material is squeezed out through the action of pressure. At the same time, the incompletely crushed material can also be squeezed, crushed or pressed into flakes during dehydration, and increased The reaction area of the subsequent fermentation reaction is enlarged, so that it is fully mixed and reacted, and the extruded water is discharged to the municipal pipe network through the drain pipe. After the material is pretreated, it enters the conveying unit, where the material is lifted to the fermentation unit, and the material is fully dispersed by the wire brush structure at the entrance to ensure the porosity.
物料在经过预处理后进入到主体处理区进行发酵处理。物料在预处理区处理后，经输送部件输送到发酵单元，发酵单元含有搅拌装置，通风装置、加热装置、喷淋水装置、菌剂投加装置。搅拌装置是由六片大桨叶以发散状焊接在中心轴上，可沿垂直方向旋转搅拌物料；通风装置是一小型风机，可进行动力换气吹风；喷淋水装置是一种小型喷头，主要用来增加发酵单元的湿度，还可用来进行物料的反冲洗；加热装置是一加热管，主要用来提升发酵单元的温度。After pretreatment, the material enters the main processing area for fermentation. After the material is processed in the pretreatment area, it is transported to the fermentation unit through the conveying parts. The fermentation unit includes a stirring device, a ventilation device, a heating device, a spraying water device, and a bacterial agent dosing device. The stirring device is composed of six large paddles welded on the central axis in a divergent shape, which can rotate and stir materials in the vertical direction; the ventilation device is a small fan, which can perform power ventilation and blowing; the spray water device is a small nozzle, It is mainly used to increase the humidity of the fermentation unit, and can also be used to backwash the material; the heating device is a heating tube, which is mainly used to increase the temperature of the fermentation unit.
物料在进入发酵单元后一边搅拌一边吹风喷洒投加菌剂，吹风喷洒的目的是为了能让菌剂均匀的分布在物料里，防止后续搅拌出现不均匀的情况，菌剂投加完毕后还要进行缓慢搅拌，搅拌的目的一是将菌剂和物料均匀混合，二是将物料翻起，使物料和空气中氧气的接触面积变大，防止因氧气缺少而发生厌氧发酵。After the material enters the fermentation unit, it is stirred while blowing and spraying to add the bacterial agent. The purpose of blowing and spraying is to make the bacterial agent evenly distributed in the material and prevent the subsequent stirring from being uneven. Stir slowly. The purpose of stirring is to mix the bacterial agent and the material evenly, and to turn the material up to increase the contact area between the material and the oxygen in the air and prevent anaerobic fermentation due to lack of oxygen.
对于发酵过程中的温度、湿度、氧气含量等都由自控单元，温度过低时加热管会对发酵单元进行加热，温度过高时会对发酵单元进行通风散热；湿度过低或过高时会对发酵单元进行喷头淋水或通风；氧气含量不高时进行通风处理，以上都是自控系统根据预先设定的参数自动控制的，如果遇到自动控制系统不能解决的情况，如加热管损坏导致温度一直无法提升等，自控系统就会发出警报，提醒工作人员进行检查。The temperature, humidity, and oxygen content in the fermentation process are all controlled by the automatic control unit. When the temperature is too low, the heating tube will heat the fermentation unit. Sprinkle water or ventilate the fermentation unit; ventilate when the oxygen content is not high. The above are all automatically controlled by the automatic control system according to the preset parameters. If the automatic control system cannot solve the situation, such as the heating pipe is damaged. If the temperature cannot be raised, the automatic control system will send out an alarm to remind the staff to check.
同时在发酵单元外包裹保温材料，保持单元内部温度，防止单元内部热量快速散失，以节约能源。物料经一段时间的发酵后，被推送至出料单元。At the same time, the insulation material is wrapped outside the fermentation unit to maintain the internal temperature of the unit and prevent the rapid loss of heat inside the unit to save energy. After a period of fermentation, the material is pushed to the discharge unit.
针对果蔬垃圾产生的源头，本实用新型从源头就遏制了果蔬垃圾的污染，只需人工进出料，设备可自动运行，最后将出料人工运走即可，减少了人员负担。对果蔬垃圾进行了好氧堆肥处理，垃圾的减容率高，出料还可以作为有机肥料，二次利用，达到了物质循环利用的目的，且处理过程中不会产生有毒有害物质，不会对环境造成二次污染。Aiming at the source of the fruit and vegetable waste, the utility model has curbed the pollution of the fruit and vegetable waste from the source, only need to manually load and unload the material, the equipment can operate automatically, and finally the discharged material can be manually transported away, reducing the burden on personnel. The fruit and vegetable waste is treated with aerobic composting. The volume reduction rate of the waste is high. The discharged material can also be used as organic fertilizer for secondary use, which achieves the purpose of material recycling, and no toxic and harmful substances will be produced during the treatment process. Cause secondary pollution to the environment.
本实用新型利用好氧发酵对果蔬垃圾进行处理，有针对性，对于农贸市场、蔬果交易集散地、加工基地等产生果蔬垃圾的场所有较大的利用价值，果蔬垃圾不同于有机垃圾，设备处理工艺相对来说有针对性，减少了一些不需要的工艺流程，避免能源多余的损耗，经济环保。且出料可以作为有机肥料，再次利用，达到了物质循环的目的，响应了国家循环经济的政策。The utility model uses aerobic fermentation to process fruit and vegetable waste, which is targeted, and has great utility value for farmer's markets, vegetable and fruit trading distribution centers, processing bases and other places that produce fruit and vegetable waste. Fruit and vegetable waste is different from organic waste, and the equipment treatment process Relatively speaking, it is targeted, reduces some unnecessary technological processes, avoids excess energy loss, and is economical and environmentally friendly. And the output can be used as organic fertilizer and reused to achieve the purpose of material circulation and respond to the national policy of circular economy.
本实用新型处理流程完善简单，集成度高，一个设备内完成；解决果蔬垃圾处理问题，强调源头处理，不造成二次污染；自动化程度高，低人工；脱水、破碎、变频电机、保温的应用降低能耗；相比于目前的有机垃圾处理机，对物料更有针对性。The utility model has a complete and simple processing flow, high integration, and can be completed in one device; solves the problem of fruit and vegetable garbage processing, emphasizes source processing, and does not cause secondary pollution; high degree of automation, low labor; application of dehydration, crushing, frequency conversion motor, and heat preservation Reduce energy consumption; Compared with the current organic waste processor, it is more targeted to materials.
以上所述，仅为本实用新型较佳的具体实施方式，但本实用新型的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本实用新型披露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本实用新型的保护范围之内。因此，本实用新型的保护范围应该以权利要求书的保护范围为准。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the utility model, but the scope of protection of the utility model is not limited thereto, and any person familiar with the technical field can easily think of All changes or replacements should fall within the protection scope of the present utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of the present utility model should be based on the protection scope of the claims.
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| CN105057307A (en) * | 2015-08-04 | 2015-11-18 | 闫书成 | Domestic rubbish treatment system |
| CN105080945A (en) * | 2015-08-31 | 2015-11-25 | 滁州科菁生物科技有限公司 | Family organic refuse treatment process system |
| CN107151156A (en) * | 2017-06-12 | 2017-09-12 | 北京市土肥工作站 | The organic waste anniversary low-carbon innocent treatment equipment |
| CN107685066A (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2018-02-13 | 北京中源创能工程技术有限公司 | Refuse treatment plant |
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| CN110125151A (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2019-08-16 | 上海环境工程设计研究院有限公司 | Fruits and vegetables garbage anaerobic fermentation preprocess method and its pretreatment system |
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| CN105057307A (en) * | 2015-08-04 | 2015-11-18 | 闫书成 | Domestic rubbish treatment system |
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