CN114075438A - Composite biological agent for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Composite biological agent for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
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- 241000196253 Ulva prolifera Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C2101/00—In situ
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
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Abstract
A composite biological agent for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil, and its preparation method and application are provided. The invention relates to a composite biological agent for efficiently repairing heavy metal contaminated soil, a preparation method and an application thereof, and the composite biological agent is a biochar-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi composite biological agent which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 60-80% of charcoal and 20-40% of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The composite biological agent is prepared by the steps of preparing biochar, preparing a fungal agent, mixing and the like, and is used for in-situ remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil. According to the invention, the biochar and the microorganisms can effectively adsorb, fix or convert the heavy metals in the soil, and meanwhile, the biochar can provide nutrition and shelter for the microorganisms, so that the survival rate of the microorganisms in the composite microbial inoculum is ensured, and therefore, the adaptability to the heavy metals is improved due to the synergistic effect of the biochar and the microorganisms, and the remediation effect on the soil polluted by the heavy metals is further enhanced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil remediation, and particularly relates to a composite biological agent for remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The complexity of heavy metal contaminated soil remediation makes no really stable and efficient remediation technology capable of meeting the requirements of practical production. The solidification method in the physical remediation technology utilizes a curing agent and a stabilizer to wrap heavy metal ions to form a stable structure, but the solidification method is not suitable for long-term application because heavy metal substances are released over time and cause secondary pollution to soil. The leaching method in the chemical remediation technology converts heavy metals into a liquid form through a solvent and extracts and separates the heavy metals from soil, but the method is not suitable for soil with poor permeability, and is easy to pollute underground water and destroy the soil structure. In contrast, bioremediation is a safer and more recent development. The microbial remediation in the bioremediation technology can absorb, enrich and dissolve pollution factors in soil through the metabolic function of microbes, and then fix heavy metals in the soil or convert the valence/toxicity of the heavy metals to a certain degree, so that the soil heavy metals are low-toxic or even non-toxic.
Although the application of microorganisms in the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil has significant advantages, the following problems still exist in the related patents at present for achieving the expected effects: firstly, most microbial remediation reagents belong to a single genus, cannot well adapt to the toxic action of heavy metals and the change of soil environment, and cannot fix or convert heavy metals in soil polluted by multiple metals; secondly, under the influence of soil environment such as soil nutrient substances, indigenous microorganism antagonism, heavy metal toxicity and the like, the microbial inoculum has poor repairing effect on heavy metal polluted soil and has poor persistence.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a composite biological agent for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil, and a preparation method and application thereof. According to the invention, biochar and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are compounded to obtain a composite biological agent; the composite biological agent can effectively adsorb, fix or convert the heavy metal in the soil, and realize the in-situ remediation of the heavy metal contaminated soil.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a composite biological agent for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil, which is a biochar-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi composite biological agent and comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 60-80% of charcoal and 20-40% of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
Preferably, the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the composite biological agent comprise: rhizophora heterosporum (Rhizophagus), Macrospora (Gigaspora), and Gliocladium (Cladosporium).
More preferably, the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi consist of a mycosphaerella heteroclita fungus (Rhizophagus), a megaspora fungus (Gigaspora) and a coccidiodes fungus (Cladosporium) in a weight ratio of 2-3:1-3: 1-2.
In a second aspect of the invention, a preparation method of the composite biological agent is provided, which comprises the following steps:
(1) drying algae biomass, crushing, grinding, sieving by a sieve of 1-5mm to obtain biomass powder, putting the biomass powder into a crucible, compacting, covering, placing in a muffle furnace, raising the temperature to 500 ℃ at the speed of 3-5 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 1-3h, naturally cooling, taking out, crushing, and sieving by a sieve of 50-100 meshes.
(2) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of different genera, which exist in the form of spores, are respectively inoculated into heavy metal-containing soil with certain plant growth capacity so as to adapt to soil indigenous microorganisms. After forming symbiotic mycorrhiza with the plant, taking the plant root section inoculated with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizosphere soil, spraying 20-50 weight of water to each 100 weight of soil, fully stirring until the soil forms particles with the diameter of 0.25-3mm, and air-drying to obtain the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi agents of different genera.
Preferably, the algae biomass is one of enteromorpha and ulva.
Preferably, the plant is at least one of ryegrass and thatch.
In a third aspect of the invention, the application of the composite biological agent in heavy metal contaminated soil is provided. The application method comprises the following steps:
uniformly covering the surface of the heavy metal contaminated soil with the composite biological agent, and fully ploughing to uniformly mix the agent with the soil; wherein the addition amount of the composite biological agent is 0.5-6% of the weight of the soil.
For the polluted soil with the total heavy metal content of 1500-2000mg/kg, the composite biological agent is weighed and added into the soil according to 0.5-2% of the weight of the soil, and the optimal weight is 1-1.5%.
For polluted soil with total heavy metal content of 2000-3000mg/kg, the composite biological agent is weighed according to 2-4% of the soil weight and added into the soil, preferably 2.5-3.5%.
For the polluted soil with the total content of heavy metals more than 3000mg/kg, the compound biological agent is weighed according to 4-6% of the weight of the soil and added into the soil, and the optimal weight is 4.5-5.5%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) diversity of microbial agent genera: the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of different genera are added into the heavy metal contaminated soil in different proportions, so that the metabolic function stability of the microorganisms and the fixed conversion capacity of the heavy metals are enhanced, and the heavy metal poisoning effect and the change of the soil environment can be better adapted.
(2) The biological carbon and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi agent have synergistic interaction: on one hand, the biochar provides a nutrient source and shelter for microorganisms, the survival rate of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is ensured, and the repairing effect of the microbial inoculum on heavy metal polluted soil is enhanced; on the other hand, the biochar improves the physicochemical property of the polluted soil, increases the porosity of the soil and improves the soil fertility.
(3) Good repairing capability to multi-metal contaminated soil: the composite microbial inoculum has good repairing effect on various heavy metals, so that the composite microbial inoculum is suitable for a wider range and more types of polluted sites; in contrast, the application effect of the composite biological soil conditioner disclosed in CN111187102A in heavy metal contaminated soil is poor, and the remediation effect on heavy metals is poor.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
(1) Contaminated soil harvesting
Heavy metal contaminated soil is collected from a land where a certain chemical plant is located, the total content of heavy metals is 1710mg/kg, wherein Cd: 192mg/kg, Cr (VI): 175mg/kg, Pb: 1150mg/kg, Sb: 86 mg/kg. Naturally air drying the original soil, removing obvious impurities such as stones, residual roots and the like, fully mixing, sieving by a 2mm sieve, and storing at room temperature for later use.
(2) Preparation of composite biological agent
Preparing biochar:
drying the enteromorpha biomass, crushing, grinding and sieving by a 2mm sieve to obtain enteromorpha powder; placing the enteromorpha powder into a crucible, compacting and covering, placing the crucible in a muffle furnace, raising the temperature to 400 ℃ at the speed of 4 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 2h, naturally cooling and taking out, crushing and sieving by a 60-mesh sieve to obtain the enteromorpha biochar.
Preparing an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi agent:
fungi of the genus Rhizopus (Rhizophagus), fungi of the genus Macrospora (Gigaspora) and fungi of the genus Gliocladium (Cladosporium) in the form of spores are applied to the natural heavy metal-containing soil of the cultivated plants, which are ryegrass, respectively, to adapt to indigenous microorganisms. After the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi successfully form symbiotic mycorrhiza with the plants, taking the ryegrass root segment inoculated with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizosphere soil, spraying 30 weight of water to every 100 weight of soil, fully stirring until the soil forms particles with the diameter of 2mm, and air-drying to obtain the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi agent.
Preparing a biochar-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi composite biological agent:
uniformly mixing 80 parts of enteromorpha biological carbon, 10 parts of Rhizopus fungi (Rhizopagus) microbial inoculum, 5 parts of Gigaspora fungi (Gigaspora) microbial inoculum and 5 parts of coccidiodes fungi (Cladosporium) microbial inoculum to obtain the composite biological microbial inoculum prepared by combining the biological carbon and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
(3) Application and efficacy evaluation method of composite biological agent
An indoor pot experiment is carried out, 1kg of polluted soil is taken from each pot, deionized water is added to keep the soil moisture at about 60 percent of the saturated water holding capacity, and the soil is balanced for 2 weeks for later use.
Four experiments of a blank control group (CK), a biochar group (BC), an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi group (AMF) and a composite biological microbial inoculum group (BC-AMF) are arranged in total, wherein the CK group is not added with any repairing agent, and the rest groups are respectively added with biochar, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculum and composite biological microbial inoculum which are 1.5 percent of the weight of the soil. And placing each group of soil for 60 days under the conditions of room temperature and natural illumination, and sampling after 60 days to determine the change of the heavy metal content of the soil.
After comparative analysis, the heavy metal content in the contaminated soil of each experimental group is reduced after the repairing agent is added, wherein the heavy metal content in the soil of the composite biological inoculant group (BC-AMF) is reduced to the maximum extent, and the contents of Cd, Cr (VI), Pb and Sb are reduced by 69.8%, 62.3%, 63.2% and 59.3% respectively, so that the repairing effect of the composite biological inoculant of the biochar and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the heavy metal contaminated soil is obvious. The results of the specific examples are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 example 1 soil heavy metal content of different treatment groups
Example 2
The difference from example 1 is: the total content of heavy metals in the polluted soil is 2362mg/kg, wherein Cu: 1052mg/kg, Cr (VI): 116mg/kg, Ni: 372mg/kg, Pb: 705 mg/kg; the preparation method of the composite biological agent comprises the steps of uniformly mixing 70 parts of enteromorpha biochar, 12 parts of Rhizophagus fungus (Rhizophagus) agent, 10 parts of excystus fungus (Gigaspora) agent and 8 parts of coccidiodes fungus (Cladosporum) agent; biochar, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi agents and compound biological agents which are 3% of the weight of the soil are added into the soil in each experimental group.
After comparative analysis, the heavy metal content in the contaminated soil of each experimental group is reduced after the repairing agent is added, wherein the heavy metal content in the soil of the composite biological inoculant group (BC-AMF) is reduced to the maximum extent, and the contents of Cu, Cr (VI), Ni and Pb are reduced by 36.6%, 62.9%, 42.2% and 47.5% respectively, so that the repairing effect of the composite biological inoculant of the biochar and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the heavy metal contaminated soil is obvious. The results of the specific examples are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 example 2 soil heavy metal content of different treatment groups
Example 3
The differences from the embodiments 1 and 2 are as follows: the total content of heavy metals in the polluted soil is 3562mg/kg, wherein Cu: 1240mg/kg, Ni: 285mg/kg, Pb: 822mg/kg, Mn: 1126 mg/kg; the preparation method of the composite biological agent comprises the steps of uniformly mixing 60 parts of enteromorpha biochar, 15 parts of Rhizophagus fungus (Rhizophagus) agent, 15 parts of excystus fungus (Gigaspora) agent and 10 parts of coccidiodes fungus (Cladosporum) agent; biochar, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi agents and compound biological agents accounting for 5% of the weight of the soil are added into the soil in each experimental group.
Table 3 example 3 soil heavy metal content of different treatment groups
After comparative analysis, the content of heavy metal in the contaminated soil of each experimental group is reduced to a certain extent after the repairing agent is added, wherein the content of heavy metal in the soil of the composite biological inoculant group (BC-AMF) is reduced to the maximum extent, and the content of Cu, Ni, Pb and Mn is reduced by 37.1%, 35.8%, 37.2% and 38.7% respectively, so that the repairing effect of the composite biological inoculant of the biochar and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the heavy metal contaminated soil is obvious. The results of the specific examples are shown in Table 3.
According to the invention, the biochar and the microorganisms can effectively adsorb, fix or convert the heavy metals in the soil, and meanwhile, the biochar can provide nutrition and shelter for the microorganisms, so that the survival rate of the microorganisms in the composite microbial inoculum is ensured, and therefore, the adaptability to the heavy metals is improved due to the synergistic effect of the biochar and the microorganisms, and the remediation effect on the soil polluted by the heavy metals is further enhanced.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A composite biological agent for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil is characterized by being a biochar-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi composite biological agent which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 60-80% of charcoal and 20-40% of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
2. The composite biological agent for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil according to claim 1, wherein the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the composite biological agent comprise: rhizoctonia heterosporum, Macrospora, and Gliocladium fungi.
3. The composite biological agent for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil according to claim 1, wherein the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi consist of heterorhizospora fungi, megasporospora fungi and coccidiodes fungi in a weight ratio of 2-3:1-3: 1-2.
4. A preparation method of a composite biological agent for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil comprises the following steps:
(1) air-drying algae biomass, crushing, grinding, sieving by a sieve of 1-5mm to obtain biomass powder, putting the biomass powder into a crucible, compacting, covering, placing in a muffle furnace, raising the temperature to 500 ℃ at the speed of 3-5 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 1-3h, naturally cooling, taking out, crushing, and sieving by a sieve of 50-100 meshes;
(2) respectively inoculating arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of different genera existing in a spore form into heavy metal-containing soil with certain plant growth capacity so as to adapt to soil indigenous microorganisms; after forming symbiotic mycorrhiza with the plant, taking the plant root section inoculated with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizosphere soil, spraying 20-50 weight of water to each 100 weight of soil, fully stirring until the soil forms particles with the diameter of 0.25-3mm, and air-drying to obtain the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi agents of different genera.
5. The method for preparing the composite biological agent for remediating heavy metal contaminated soil as claimed in claim 4, wherein the algae biomass is one of Enteromorpha prolifera or Ulva lactuca.
6. The preparation method of the composite biological agent for repairing the heavy metal contaminated soil according to claim 4, wherein the plant is at least one of ryegrass or thatch.
7. An application of a composite biological agent for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil in the heavy metal contaminated soil is disclosed, wherein the application method comprises the following steps:
uniformly covering the surface of the heavy metal contaminated soil with the composite biological agent, and fully ploughing to uniformly mix the agent with the soil; wherein the addition amount of the composite biological agent is 0.5-6% of the weight of the soil.
8. The application as claimed in claim 7, wherein for the contaminated soil with the total heavy metal content of 1500-2000mg/kg, the composite biological agent is added into the soil in an amount of 0.5-2% of the weight of the soil.
9. The application as claimed in claim 7, wherein for contaminated soil with total heavy metal content of 2000-3000mg/kg, the composite biological agent is weighed to be added into the soil according to 2-4% of the weight of the soil.
10. The application as claimed in claim 7, wherein for the contaminated soil with the total content of heavy metals more than 3000mg/kg, the composite biological agent is weighed according to 4-6% of the weight of the soil and added into the soil.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114702351A (en) * | 2022-04-18 | 2022-07-05 | 香港科技大学 | Modified biochar and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115772408A (en) * | 2022-12-08 | 2023-03-10 | 西昌学院 | Biological agent and method for relieving cadmium stress of jatropha curcas and improving cadmium repair efficiency |
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