CN111466172A - Method for restoring cadmium-polluted soil by using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi combined greening nursery stock - Google Patents

Method for restoring cadmium-polluted soil by using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi combined greening nursery stock Download PDF

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CN111466172A
CN111466172A CN202010269252.XA CN202010269252A CN111466172A CN 111466172 A CN111466172 A CN 111466172A CN 202010269252 A CN202010269252 A CN 202010269252A CN 111466172 A CN111466172 A CN 111466172A
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arbuscular mycorrhizal
cadmium
mycorrhizal fungi
seedlings
polluted soil
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郭彬
刘琛
刘俊丽
李凝玉
林义成
李华
陈晓冬
傅庆林
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Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00Cultivation of mushrooms
    • A01G18/10Mycorrhiza; Mycorrhizal associations
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A01G24/12Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
    • A01G24/15Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
    • A01G24/25Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/28Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09CRECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C1/00Reclamation of contaminated soil
    • B09C1/10Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
    • B09C1/105Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/40Afforestation or reforestation

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and provides a method for restoring cadmium-polluted soil by using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in combination with greening seedlings. The method carries out plant restoration in a mode of absorbing, fixing and transplanting the roots of the seedlings for greening, perfectly combines the characteristics of mycorrhiza technology, can play a role in fixing the roots of the seedlings while improving the restoration efficiency, further reduces the risk of secondary pollution, and improves the practical applicability.

Description

Method for restoring cadmium-polluted soil by using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi combined greening nursery stock
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, relates to a method for restoring heavy metal contaminated soil by plants, and particularly relates to a method for restoring cadmium contaminated soil by using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi combined greening seedlings.
Background
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, AM fungi, are a reciprocal symbiont in soil ecosystems with both plant root systems and microbial properties. In recent years, plant-mycorrhizal fungi combined remediation has become a hotspot of current phytoremediation research.
For example: the invention of China discloses a method for enhancing cadmium absorption of black nightshade in soil by using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (patent number: CN201410197384.0 provides an application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in improving the growth of black nightshade and the capability of absorbing heavy metals in soil and a method for enhancing the absorption of cadmium in soil by black nightshade by using the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. According to the invention, a cadmium super-accumulation plant, namely nightshade, is taken as an experimental plant, AMF is taken as an inoculant, and the Cd super-accumulation plant, namely nightshade, is combined with AMF capable of improving plant growth, and the AMF can improve the growth of nightshade and the capability of absorbing Cd in soil, so that the remediation efficiency of the nightshade on Cd-polluted soil is improved.
For another example: the chinese patent application document is a method for repairing cadmium contaminated farmland soil by using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in combination with sedum plumbizincicola [ publication No.: CN103990647A discloses a method for restoring cadmium-polluted farmland soil by using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in combination with sedum plumbizincicola. The method specifically comprises the steps of expanding propagation of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi agent, inoculating the agent to field soil to strengthen the restoration of the sedum plumbizincicola and the like. Experiments prove that under a normal field management mode, the plant can promote the growth of the sedum plumbizincicola by inoculating the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum and improve the remediation of the plant to the heavy metal cadmium in the soil.
In the technical scheme, herbaceous plants such as black nightshade and sedum are mainly utilized, and the biomass is small. In addition, the mode of harvesting the overground parts of the plants is adopted, so that the fixing and repairing effects of the roots of the plants and the AM fungi on the heavy metals in the soil are ignored, and particularly the repairing potential of the AM fungi cannot be exerted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a method for restoring cadmium-polluted soil by using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to jointly green seedlings.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the method for restoring cadmium-polluted soil by using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in combination with greening seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are utilized to promote cadmium absorption of cypress plants, meanwhile, the AM fungi are used for fixing cadmium absorption as an auxiliary repairing means, and cadmium-polluted soil is repaired in a mode of transplanting the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi together with mycorrhizal fungi in the greening process.
The method for restoring the cadmium-polluted soil by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi combined greening seedlings comprises the following steps:
1) inoculating an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungicide in the sterilized matrix according to the inoculation amount of 5-8% by mass, and transferring the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungicide into cypress plant seedlings;
2) after the cypress seedlings stably grow for 1 month, transplanting the seedlings together with the matrix into cadmium-polluted soil;
3) the Cupressaceae plants grow in the cadmium-polluted soil for more than 12 months, and are transplanted together with the matrix for greening.
In the method for repairing cadmium-polluted soil by using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi combined greening seedlings, the cypress plant is juniper.
In the method for restoring the cadmium-polluted soil by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi combined greening nursery stock, the substrate in the step 2) consists of 40 wt% of peat, 10 wt% of fine vermiculite, 45 wt% of pecan shell powder and 5 wt% of carbonized rice hulls.
In the method for repairing cadmium-contaminated soil by using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in combination with greening seedlings, the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the step 1) are Mucillus mossamensis fungi.
In the method for repairing cadmium-contaminated soil by using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi combined greening seedlings, the sterilization method of the substrate in the step 1) is specifically to sterilize at a high temperature of 121 ℃ for 2 hours, and sterilize repeatedly after 48 hours.
In the method for repairing the cadmium-polluted soil by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi combined greening nursery stock, the particle size of the fine vermiculite is 20-40 meshes.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the method carries out plant restoration in a mode of absorbing, fixing and transplanting the roots of the seedlings for greening, perfectly combines the characteristics of mycorrhiza technology, can play a role in fixing the roots of the seedlings while improving the restoration efficiency, further reduces the risk of secondary pollution, and improves the practical applicability. Therefore, the invention is innovative in technical application.
The method selects the woody plant and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to carry out the remediation of the cadmium contaminated soil, the woody plant has large biomass and developed root system, has stronger tolerance and enrichment capacity on heavy metals, provides a good growth environment for the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and greatly enhances the absorption of Cd. And the Cd absorbed by the woody plant is mainly fixed on the root of the plant, so that the risk of Cd release after transplantation and greening is low, the plant can be utilized, and the method has the characteristic of environmental friendliness.
Dragon juniper (Latin's name: Sabina chinensis (L.) Ant.cv.Kaizuca) likes yang, is slightly resistant to yin, likes warm and humid environment, is cold-resistant, and reduces transfer coefficient after inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, namely reduces the proportion of Cd to be transferred to the ground upper part, increases enrichment capacity of the root system to Cd, thereby reducing toxic action of Cd to stems and leaves, enhancing the holding action of Cd in the plant root system, and further strengthening the efficiency of dragon juniper to Cd restoration.
Peat, fine vermiculite, pecan shell powder and carbonized rice hulls are mixed in a reasonable ratio to serve as a matrix, rich organic matters are contained, the medium has good water retention capacity and air permeability, has a buffering effect, and can promote growth of the root system of the dragon juniper.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following examples.
Example one
The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum adopts the Gliocladium morganii BGCAM001 provided by plant nutrition and resource research institute of agriculture and forestry academy of sciences of Beijing.
The matrix is prepared by uniformly mixing and stirring 40 wt% of peat, 10 wt% of fine vermiculite, 45 wt% of pecan shell powder and 5 wt% of carbonized rice hulls, wherein the particle size of the fine vermiculite is 20-40 meshes.
Cultivating the cuttage seedlings of the juniper to take roots, sterilizing the substrate at the high temperature of 121 ℃ for 2h, sterilizing the substrate again after 48h, and inoculating the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi agent in the sterilized substrate according to the inoculation amount of 5% by mass; planting rooted dragon cypress cutting seedlings in a matrix; after the dragon juniper stably grows for 1 month, transplanting the dragon juniper into the cadmium-polluted soil with the concentration of 20mg/kg, and growing for more than 12 months; the whole dragon cypress plant together with the substrate is moved to a green land from the cadmium-polluted soil to be used as a green seedling.
Example two
The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum adopts the Gliocladium morganii BGCAM001 provided by plant nutrition and resource research institute of agriculture and forestry academy of sciences of Beijing.
The matrix is prepared by uniformly mixing and stirring 40 wt% of peat, 10 wt% of fine vermiculite, 45 wt% of pecan shell powder and 8 wt% of carbonized rice hulls, wherein the particle size of the fine vermiculite is 20-40 meshes.
Cultivating the cuttage seedlings of the juniper to take roots, sterilizing the substrate at the high temperature of 121 ℃ for 2h, sterilizing the substrate again after 48h, and inoculating the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi agent in the sterilized substrate according to the inoculation amount of 7% by mass; planting rooted dragon cypress cutting seedlings in a matrix; after the dragon juniper stably grows for 1 month, transplanting the dragon juniper into cadmium-polluted soil with the concentration of 50mg/kg, and growing for more than 12 months; the whole dragon cypress plant together with the substrate is moved to a green land from the cadmium-polluted soil to be used as a green seedling.
EXAMPLE III
The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum adopts the Gliocladium morganii BGCAM001 provided by plant nutrition and resource research institute of agriculture and forestry academy of sciences of Beijing.
The matrix is prepared by uniformly mixing and stirring 40 wt% of peat, 10 wt% of fine vermiculite, 45 wt% of pecan shell powder and 7 wt% of carbonized rice hulls, wherein the particle size of the fine vermiculite is 20-40 meshes.
Cultivating the cuttage seedlings of the juniper to take roots, sterilizing the substrate at the high temperature of 121 ℃ for 2h, sterilizing the substrate again after 48h, and inoculating the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi agent in the sterilized substrate according to the inoculation amount of 8% by mass; planting rooted dragon cypress cutting seedlings in a matrix; after the dragon juniper stably grows for 1 month, transplanting the dragon juniper into cadmium-polluted soil of 100mg/kg, and growing for more than 12 months; the whole dragon cypress plant together with the substrate is moved to a green land from the cadmium-polluted soil to be used as a green seedling.
Comparative example 1
The treatment of this control was essentially the same as in example one, except that the inactivation treatment was performed prior to the application of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculum into the substrate.
Comparative example No. two
This comparative example is essentially the same as example two, except that the inactivation treatment is performed prior to application of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculant to the substrate.
Comparative example No. three
This comparative example is essentially the same as example three, except that the inactivation treatment was performed prior to application of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculant to the substrate.
In order to study the transport of Cd in the dragon juniper plants, in the first embodiment, the second embodiment, the third embodiment, the first comparative embodiment, the second comparative embodiment and the third comparative embodiment, roots, branches and leaves of dragon juniper plants in 12 months are collected, dried and weighed by a 70 ℃ oven to obtain dry weight, crushed, 0.20g is weighed, put into a polytetrafluoroethylene microwave digestion tube, added with 5ml of concentrated nitric acid overnight, put into a microwave digestion instrument, digested at 190 ℃ for 30min, transferred to a 50m L centrifuge tube, subjected to ultrapure water constant volume, simultaneously subjected to blank and standard sample (GBW10023(GSB-14)) tests, and the Cd content in the plants is measured by an inductive coupling plasma emission spectrometer, wherein the results are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1 Cd content (μ g/strain) of each part of Dragon cypress in each treatment
Figure BDA0002442461810000051
Figure BDA0002442461810000061
The result shows that the dragon juniper mainly accumulates Cd at the root, and the accumulation total amount of the Cd accounts for more than 90 percent of the absorption total amount of the whole Cd. The lower the Cd content of the overground part is, the smaller the risk of secondary pollution generated to the surroundings is. After AM fungus is inoculated, on one hand, the total absorption amount of the dragon juniper to Cd is obviously enhanced, and the improvement range is 1.63-2.01 times under different Cd treatment concentrations. On the other hand, the accumulation total amount of the Cd at the root is further improved to more than 95 percent of the absorption total amount of the Cd in the whole plant. The AM fungus further inhibits the migration of Cd to the overground part, and the risk of secondary pollution is further reduced.
In order to study the cadmium absorption condition of different green seedlings after inoculation, the following field tests are carried out:
the field test is carried out on a heavily Cd-polluted farmland located at the downstream of certain tungsten ores in Zhejiang; the concentration of Cd in the soil is 18.4 mg/kg.
The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum adopts the Mucilomyces morssi BGCAM001 provided by the research institute of plant nutrition and resources of the academy of agriculture and forestry, Beijing;
the matrix is prepared by uniformly mixing and stirring 40 wt% of peat, 10 wt% of fine vermiculite, 45 wt% of pecan shell powder and 5 wt% of carbonized rice hulls, wherein the particle size of the fine vermiculite is 20-40 meshes.
Processing one: cultivating the cuttage seedlings of the juniper to take roots, sterilizing the substrate at the high temperature of 121 ℃ for 2h, sterilizing the substrate again after 48h, and inoculating the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi agent in the sterilized substrate according to the inoculation amount of 5% by mass; planting rooted dragon cypress cutting seedlings in a matrix; after the dragon juniper stably grows for 1 month, transplanting the dragon juniper into a test field, and growing for 12 months;
and the second treatment and the third treatment respectively adopt the red prince brocade and the sea tree to replace the dragon juniper, and the first treatment is repeated in other operations.
Control group: the method is characterized in that the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum is inactivated before being applied to a substrate, and other operations are repeated for one operation.
The plants were grown for 12 months, the roots and overground parts of each plant in each treatment were collected, the content of Cd in the plants was determined, and the results obtained by data analysis are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 concentration of Cd in different plant leaves (12 months)
Figure BDA0002442461810000071
The result shows that after the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are inoculated, the absorption capacity of the dragon juniper to Cd is increased by 75 percent compared with that of the dragon juniper which is not inoculated. After different seedling varieties are treated by the microbial inoculum, the Cd content of the whole dragon juniper plant is 2.11 times and 1.45 times of that of the brocade red prince and the sea tung respectively, and the result shows that the combined culture of the dragon juniper and the arbuscular mycorrhiza has good absorption and accumulation capacities on the heavy metal Cd in the soil and shows good soil remediation capacity.
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Claims (7)

1. The method for restoring cadmium-polluted soil by using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in combination with greening seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are utilized to promote cadmium absorption of cypress plants, meanwhile, the AM fungi are used for fixing cadmium absorption as an auxiliary repairing means, and cadmium-polluted soil is repaired in a mode of transplanting the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi together with mycorrhizal fungi in the greening process.
2. The method for remediating cadmium-contaminated soil with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi combined greening seedlings as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
1) inoculating an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungicide in the sterilized matrix according to the inoculation amount of 5-8% by mass, and transferring the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungicide into cypress plant seedlings;
2) after the cypress seedlings stably grow for 1 month, transplanting the seedlings together with the matrix into cadmium-polluted soil;
3) the Cupressaceae plants grow in the cadmium-polluted soil for more than 12 months, and are transplanted together with the matrix for greening.
3. The method for remediating cadmium-contaminated soil with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi combined greening seedlings as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the plant of Cupressaceae is Dragon juniper.
4. The method for restoring cadmium-polluted soil by using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi combined greening seedlings as claimed in claim 2, wherein the substrate in the step 2) is composed of 40 wt% of peat, 10 wt% of fine vermiculite, 45 wt% of pecan shell powder and 5 wt% of carbonized rice hulls.
5. The method for restoring cadmium-contaminated soil by using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi combined greening seedlings as claimed in claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the arbuscular mycorrhizal microbial inoculum in the step 1) is arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi myxomycete.
6. The method for remediating cadmium-contaminated soil with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi combined greening seedlings as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the sterilization method of the matrix in the step 1) is specifically that the matrix is sterilized at the high temperature of 121 ℃ for 2h, and the sterilization is repeated once after 48 h.
7. The method for restoring cadmium-contaminated soil by using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi combined greening seedlings as claimed in claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the particle size of the fine vermiculite is 20-40 meshes.
CN202010269252.XA 2020-04-08 2020-04-08 Method for restoring cadmium-polluted soil by using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi combined greening nursery stock Pending CN111466172A (en)

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