CN110964535A - Soil remediation agent and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Soil remediation agent and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110964535A
CN110964535A CN201911194828.4A CN201911194828A CN110964535A CN 110964535 A CN110964535 A CN 110964535A CN 201911194828 A CN201911194828 A CN 201911194828A CN 110964535 A CN110964535 A CN 110964535A
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soil
parts
remediation agent
soil remediation
biochar
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Inventor
秦万芳
郭鹏
王轶
秦万贵
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Hubei Tonghui Bioengineering Co ltd
Farm Product Processing and Nuclear Agricultural Technology Institute of Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Hubei Tonghui Bioengineering Co ltd
Farm Product Processing and Nuclear Agricultural Technology Institute of Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K17/00Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
    • C09K17/40Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05DINORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D1/00Fertilisers containing potassium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2101/00Agricultural use
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2105/00Erosion prevention
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2109/00MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE pH regulation

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a soil remediation agent, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 150-200 parts of biochar, 50-100 parts of sludge, 10-20 parts of composite mineral substances, 5-10 parts of polysaccharide compounds, 5-10 parts of composite microbial flora and 2-5 parts of adhesive; wherein the biochar comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 130-180 parts of edible fungus residues, 10-20 parts of sodium bicarbonate and 5-10 parts of a fermentation microbial inoculum. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) weighing raw materials; (2) preparing biochar; (3) mixing, crushing and sieving the biochar, the sludge and the composite mineral; (4) preparing a compound microbial solution; (5) spraying, adding polysaccharide compound and adhesive, granulating, and drying. The soil restoration agent can restore the physical property, the chemical property, the microbial population and the environment of soil, and has various effects of restoring soil, preserving water, resisting drought, balancing nutrition, breaking hardening and the like.

Description

Soil remediation agent and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil remediation, in particular to a soil remediation agent and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
In recent years, with the increase of agricultural production activities and the excessive use of chemical fertilizers, large-area soil structures are damaged, so that soil is hardened, the yield of agricultural products is low, the quality is poor, and even the soil is harmful to human health. Meanwhile, in China, large areas of sandy soil, saline-alkali soil, acid soil, rocky desert land, soakage land and other common soil exist, and the soil is not suitable for planting crops or other crops, so that waste of land resources is caused. At present, in order to maintain the nutrients of soil from being exhausted, a soil remediation agent needs to be applied to the poor soil to improve the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil and make the soil more suitable for plant growth.
However, the existing soil restoration agent has a plurality of defects, on one hand, the existing soil restoration agent has single effective component, is easy to cause soil hardening, and is not beneficial to the development and growth of crop root systems; on the other hand, the existing soil remediation agent has high production cost and is not suitable for wide application.
Therefore, how to develop a preparation capable of effectively repairing soil with various problems is a problem which needs to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a soil remediation agent, a preparation method and an application thereof, so as to solve the defects in the prior art.
The soil remediation agent has multiple treatment effects of soil remediation, water retention and drought resistance, nutrition balance, hardening elimination and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the soil remediation agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 150-200 parts of biochar, 50-100 parts of sludge, 10-20 parts of composite mineral substances, 5-10 parts of polysaccharide compounds, 5-10 parts of composite microbial flora and 2-5 parts of adhesive;
wherein the biochar comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 130-180 parts of edible fungus residues, 10-20 parts of sodium bicarbonate and 5-10 parts of a fermentation microbial inoculum.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the biochar is prepared by using the edible fungus residues as raw materials, so that on one hand, a large amount of edible fungus residues are reasonably utilized; on the other hand, the biochar prepared from the edible fungus residues has a complex pore structure, can be used as a carrier of microorganisms and effective nutrients thereof, and is beneficial to the growth of microbial communities in soil; moreover, the biochar with a complex porous structure and a larger specific surface area is applied to soil, so that the soil permeability can be increased, soil aggregates can be improved, more water and nutrient ions can be adsorbed, and the water capacity and nutrient holding capacity of the soil can be improved; the biochar also contains a certain amount of easily-decomposed organic compounds, and soil microorganisms can use the easily-decomposed organic compounds as a carbon source, so that the biomass and activity of the soil microorganisms are improved;
the invention also uses the sludge, on one hand, the sludge is rich in organic matters and various nutrient elements required by the growth of plants, and can promote the growth of the plants, thereby being beneficial to the restoration of soil; on the other hand, the sludge solves the problem of disposing a large amount of river and lake sludge, saves the landfill cost and the whole cost of river and lake dredging engineering, saves a large amount of sludge landfill land, and realizes the double benefits of economy and environment.
Further, the composite mineral is prepared by mixing potassium permanganate, zinc sulfate and calcium chloride according to the mass ratio of (2-5) to (1-4) to (1-2).
The composite mineral substance has the advantages that the composite mineral substance contains various nutrient elements such as manganese, potassium, zinc, calcium and the like which are necessary for plants, so that the growth of the plants is promoted, simultaneously, the damping-off, stem rot, damping-off and the like of the plants in seedling stage can be effectively prevented, and the composite mineral substance is safe and nontoxic to people and livestock, has no residue and chemical injury to crops and has no pollution to the environment when being used.
Further, the polysaccharide compound is prepared by mixing chitinase and exopolysaccharide in a mass ratio of (1-2) to (1-2).
The chitinase has the further beneficial effects that the chitinase can not only enhance the capability of resisting fungi and diseases of plants, but also promote the development of the plants, resist stress and realize symbiotic nitrogen fixation; the extracellular polysaccharide belongs to a secondary metabolite of microorganisms, can decompose inorganic substances such as silicate minerals and apatite and release elements such as potassium, silicon and phosphorus, and is directly used for growth of the extracellular polysaccharide and plants, and the extracellular polysaccharide and chitinase can enhance the biological nitrogen fixation effect.
Further, the compound microbial flora is prepared by mixing bacillus subtilis, bacillus thuringiensis and photosynthetic bacteria according to the mass ratio of (3-6) to (2-4); preferably, the effective viable count of the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus thuringiensis and the photosynthetic bacteria is 1 × 108~1×1011cfu/g。
The bacillus subtilis can generate active substances such as subtilin, polymyxin, nystatin, gramicidin and the like in the growth process of the bacteria, and the active substances have obvious inhibition effect on pathogenic bacteria or conditional pathogenic bacteria of endogenous infection; the bacillus thuringiensis has specific poisoning activity on insects such as lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera, hymenoptera, homoptera and the like, and arthropods such as animal and plant nematodes, acarids and the like, is safe to non-target organisms, and has the advantages of specificity, high efficiency, safety to people and livestock and the like; the photosynthetic bacteria can promote the growth of animals and plants, improve disease resistance, and play a role in the life activities and growth and development of the animals and plants.
Further, the adhesive is an oxidized starch adhesive.
The method has the further beneficial effects that the oxidized starch adhesive has the characteristics of environmental friendliness, small addition amount, good film forming property, high granulation rate and the like, and also has a slow release effect, so that the soil remediation agent has long-lasting effect.
Further, the fermentation inoculum is prepared by mixing lactobacillus plantarum, saccharomycetes and actinomycetes in a mass ratio of (3-5) to (1-2).
The method has the further beneficial effects that the lactobacillus plantarum, the saccharomycetes and the actinomycetes are combined to be used for fermenting the edible fungus residues, so that the fungus residues are easy to break uniformly, the fungus residues can be uniformly and fully fermented, the effective nutrients in the fungus residues are reasonably converted, and the uniform properties of the final product are ensured.
A preparation method of a soil remediation agent specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials in parts by weight of the soil remediation agent;
(2) crushing edible fungus residues, adding a fermentation microbial inoculum and 40-50 parts of water, uniformly mixing, fermenting for 8-12 days, adding sodium bicarbonate into a fermentation product, uniformly mixing, calcining for 1-2 hours at 300-400 ℃ in an inert gas atmosphere, and cooling to obtain biochar;
(3) mixing and crushing the biochar, the sludge and the composite mineral, and sieving with a 80-100-mesh sieve to obtain a mixture A;
(4) adding 5-10 parts of carbon source and 30-40 parts of water into the composite microbial flora, adjusting the pH value to 3-5, and performing acclimation culture at 35-40 ℃ for 8-10 days to obtain a composite microbial liquid;
(5) and (3) spraying the compound microbial liquid into the mixture A, finally adding a polysaccharide compound and an adhesive, uniformly mixing, granulating, and drying at 60-70 ℃ for 1-2 h to obtain the soil remediation agent.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
repeated experiments for many years show that the prepared charcoal has the problems of uneven pore size distribution, easy collapse of structure, low quality stability, low reuse rate and the like because the edible fungus residues are directly subjected to oxygen-limited thermal cracking carbonization after being crushed. According to the invention, before high-temperature oxygen-limited thermal cracking carbonization, specific pretreatment and fermentation processes are carried out, uniform primary pore-forming by using microorganisms is realized, sodium bicarbonate is added, alkaline pore-forming is realized, certain structural strength is endowed to the product, and the prepared charcoal has uniform pore size distribution and stable structure.
The invention also provides application of the soil remediation agent in remediation of soil hardening, soil degradation, continuous cropping soil, farmland greenhouse soil, sandy soil, saline-alkali soil, heavy metal soil and pesticide-polluted soil.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. repairing physical properties of soil: the ash content of the biochar prepared by taking the edible fungus residues as the raw materials contains a lot of basic ions, so that the pH value of the soil can be remarkably reduced, and the saline-alkali soil can be effectively repaired; meanwhile, the large porosity and specific surface area of the biochar can reduce the volume weight of the soil and increase the air permeability and water holding capacity of the soil, so that the hardened soil can be effectively repaired;
2. repairing the chemical property of soil: the biochar can adsorb soil organic molecules, promotes small organic molecules to polymerize through surface catalytic activity to form soil organic matters, greatly improves the adsorption capacity and nutrient effectiveness of nutrient elements, and the nutrient utilization rate of fertilizers and compound minerals, thereby effectively repairing sandy soil and soil degradation;
3. repairing soil microbial population: the compound microbial flora of the invention, namely the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus thuringiensis and the photosynthetic bacteria, can form a dominant biological flora at the root of crops, and can metabolize and secrete bacteriocin, lipopeptide compounds, organic acid substances and the like in the growth process, and the metabolites can effectively inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria or dissolve the pathogenic bacteria, so that the pathogenic bacteria are killed, the continuous cropping soil is highly resistant, the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is greatly reduced, the crop yield is improved, and the farmland greenhouse soil is effectively repaired;
4. repairing the soil environment: the biochar base is stored in soil, partial carbon in the biomass can be fixed in the soil, and the shapes and migration behaviors of heavy metals and residual pesticides in the soil can be obviously influenced, so that the biological effectiveness of the heavy metals and the residual pesticides is reduced, a good fixing effect is shown for the heavy metals and the residual pesticides, and the heavy metal soil and pesticide polluted soil is effectively repaired.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention discloses a soil remediation agent, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 150-200 parts of biochar, 50-100 parts of sludge, 10-20 parts of composite mineral substances, 5-10 parts of polysaccharide compounds, 5-10 parts of composite microbial flora and 2-5 parts of adhesive;
wherein the biochar comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 130-180 parts of edible fungus residues, 10-20 parts of sodium bicarbonate and 5-10 parts of a fermentation microbial inoculum.
Further, the composite mineral is prepared by mixing potassium permanganate, zinc sulfate and calcium chloride according to the mass ratio of (2-5) to (1-4) to (1-2).
Further, the polysaccharide compound is prepared by mixing chitinase and exopolysaccharide in a mass ratio of (1-2) to (1-2).
Further, the compound microbial flora is prepared by mixing bacillus subtilis, bacillus thuringiensis and photosynthetic bacteria according to the mass ratio of (3-6) to (2-4); preferably, the effective viable count of the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus thuringiensis and the photosynthetic bacteria is 1 × 108~1×1011cfu/g。
Further, the adhesive is an oxidized starch adhesive.
Further, the fermentation inoculum is prepared by mixing lactobacillus plantarum, saccharomycetes and actinomycetes in a mass ratio of (3-5) to (1-2).
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the soil remediation agent, which comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials in parts by weight of the soil remediation agent;
(2) crushing edible fungus residues, adding a fermentation microbial inoculum and 40-50 parts of water, uniformly mixing, fermenting for 8-12 days, adding sodium bicarbonate into a fermentation product, uniformly mixing, calcining for 1-2 hours at 300-400 ℃ in an inert gas atmosphere, and cooling to obtain biochar;
(3) mixing and crushing the biochar, the sludge and the composite mineral, and sieving with a 80-100-mesh sieve to obtain a mixture A;
(4) adding 5-10 parts of carbon source and 30-40 parts of water into the composite microbial flora, adjusting the pH value to 3-5, and performing acclimation culture at 35-40 ℃ for 8-10 days to obtain a composite microbial liquid;
(5) and (3) spraying the compound microbial liquid into the mixture A, finally adding a polysaccharide compound and an adhesive, uniformly mixing, granulating, and drying at 60-70 ℃ for 1-2 h to obtain the soil remediation agent.
The invention also provides application of the soil remediation agent in remediation of soil hardening, soil degradation, continuous cropping soil, farmland greenhouse soil, sandy soil, saline-alkali soil, heavy metal soil and pesticide-polluted soil.
Example 1
The soil remediation agent comprises the following raw materials by weight:
150kg of charcoal (wherein, 130kg of edible fungus dregs, 10kg of sodium bicarbonate, 4kg of lactobacillus plantarum, 4kg of saccharomycetes and 2kg of actinomycetes);
100kg of sludge;
20kg of compound mineral substances (10 kg of potassium permanganate, 5kg of zinc sulfate and 5kg of calcium chloride);
10kg of polysaccharide compound (wherein, 5kg of chitinase and 5kg of exopolysaccharide);
10kg of compound microorganism flora (wherein, 3kg of bacillus subtilis, 3kg of bacillus thuringiensis and 4kg of photosynthetic bacteria, the effective viable count is 1 multiplied by 108cfu/g);
5kg of oxidized starch binder.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials according to the weight of the soil remediation agent;
(2) crushing edible fungus residues, adding lactobacillus plantarum, saccharomycetes, actinomycetes and 40kg of water, uniformly mixing, fermenting for 8 days, adding sodium bicarbonate into a fermentation product, uniformly mixing, calcining for 2 hours at 300 ℃ in an inert gas atmosphere, and cooling to obtain biochar;
(3) mixing and crushing the biochar, the sludge and the composite mineral, and sieving the mixture through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain a mixture A;
(4) adding 5kg of carbon source and 30kg of water into the composite microbial flora, adjusting the pH value to 3, and performing acclimation culture at 35 ℃ for 10 days to obtain a composite microbial liquid;
(5) and (3) spraying the compound microorganism bacterium liquid into the mixture A by using a sprayer, finally adding a polysaccharide compound and an adhesive, uniformly mixing, granulating, and drying at 60 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain the soil remediation agent.
Example 2
The soil remediation agent comprises the following raw materials by weight:
170kg of charcoal (wherein, 150kg of edible fungus dregs, 12kg of sodium bicarbonate, 3kg of lactobacillus plantarum, 3kg of yeast and 2kg of actinomycetes);
100kg of sludge;
10kg of compound mineral substances (4 kg of potassium permanganate, 4kg of zinc sulfate and 2kg of calcium chloride);
10kg of polysaccharide compound (wherein, 5kg of chitinase and 5kg of exopolysaccharide);
5kg of composite microbial flora (wherein, 1.5kg of bacillus subtilis, 1.5kg of bacillus thuringiensis and 2kg of photosynthetic bacteria, the effective viable count is 1 multiplied by 109cfu/g);
5kg of oxidized starch binder.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials in parts by weight of the soil remediation agent;
(2) crushing the edible fungus residues, adding a fermentation microbial inoculum and 40kg of water, uniformly mixing, fermenting for 8 days, adding sodium bicarbonate into a fermentation product, uniformly mixing, calcining for 2 hours at 300 ℃ in an inert gas atmosphere, and cooling to obtain biochar;
(3) mixing and crushing the biochar, the sludge and the composite mineral, and sieving the mixture through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain a mixture A;
(4) adding 5kg of carbon source and 30 parts of water into the composite microbial flora, adjusting the pH value to 3, and performing acclimation culture at 35 ℃ for 8 days to obtain a composite microbial liquid;
(5) and (3) spraying the compound microorganism bacterium liquid into the mixture A by using a sprayer, finally adding a polysaccharide compound and an adhesive, uniformly mixing, granulating, and drying at 62 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain the soil remediation agent.
Example 3
The soil remediation agent comprises the following raw materials by weight:
180kg of charcoal (wherein, 160kg of edible fungus dregs, 15kg of sodium bicarbonate, 2kg of lactobacillus plantarum, 2kg of yeast and 1kg of actinomycetes);
80kg of sludge;
20kg of compound mineral substances (10 kg of potassium permanganate, 5kg of zinc sulfate and 5kg of calcium chloride);
5kg of polysaccharide compound (wherein, 2.5kg of chitinase and 2.5kg of exopolysaccharide);
10kg of compound microorganism flora (wherein, 3kg of bacillus subtilis, 3kg of bacillus thuringiensis and 4kg of photosynthetic bacteria, the effective viable count is 1 multiplied by 1010cfu/g);
5kg of oxidized starch binder.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials in parts by weight of the soil remediation agent;
(2) crushing the edible fungus residues, adding a fermentation microbial inoculum and 45kg of water, uniformly mixing, fermenting for 10 days, adding sodium bicarbonate into a fermentation product, uniformly mixing, calcining for 1.5 hours at 350 ℃ in an inert gas atmosphere, and cooling to obtain biochar;
(3) mixing and crushing the biochar, the sludge and the composite mineral, and sieving the mixture through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain a mixture A;
(4) adding 8kg of carbon source and 35kg of water into the composite microbial flora, adjusting the pH value to 4, and performing acclimation culture at 35 ℃ for 10 days to obtain a composite microbial liquid;
(5) and (3) spraying the compound microorganism bacterium liquid into the mixture A by using a sprayer, finally adding a polysaccharide compound and an adhesive, uniformly mixing, granulating, and drying at 65 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain the soil remediation agent.
Example 4
The soil remediation agent comprises the following raw materials by weight:
190kg of charcoal (wherein, 170kg of edible fungus dregs, 10kg of sodium bicarbonate, 4kg of lactobacillus plantarum, 4kg of saccharomycetes and 2kg of actinomycetes);
80kg of sludge;
15kg of compound mineral substances (6 kg of potassium permanganate, 3kg of zinc sulfate and 6kg of calcium chloride);
5kg of polysaccharide compound (wherein, 2.5kg of chitinase and 2.5kg of exopolysaccharide);
8kg of compound microorganism flora (wherein, 3kg of bacillus subtilis, 3kg of bacillus thuringiensis and 2kg of photosynthetic bacteria, the effective viable count is 1 multiplied by 109cfu/g);
Oxidized starch binder 2 kg.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials in parts by weight of the soil remediation agent;
(2) crushing edible fungus residues, adding a fermentation microbial inoculum and 50kg of water, uniformly mixing, fermenting for 10 days, adding sodium bicarbonate into a fermentation product, uniformly mixing, calcining for 1h at 400 ℃ in an inert gas atmosphere, and cooling to obtain biochar;
(3) mixing and crushing the biochar, the sludge and the composite mineral, and sieving by a 80-mesh sieve to obtain a mixture A;
(4) adding 10kg of carbon source and 40kg of water into the composite microbial flora, adjusting the pH value to 5, and performing acclimation culture at 40 ℃ for 8 days to obtain a composite microbial liquid;
(5) and (3) spraying the compound microorganism bacterium liquid into the mixture A by using a sprayer, finally adding a polysaccharide compound and an adhesive, uniformly mixing, granulating, and drying at 70 ℃ for 1h to obtain the soil remediation agent.
Example 5
The soil remediation agent comprises the following raw materials by weight:
200kg of charcoal (wherein, 180kg of edible fungus dregs, 10kg of sodium bicarbonate, 4kg of lactobacillus plantarum, 4kg of saccharomycetes and 2kg of actinomycetes);
60kg of sludge;
20kg of compound mineral substances (10 kg of potassium permanganate, 5kg of zinc sulfate and 5kg of calcium chloride);
10kg of polysaccharide compound (wherein, 5kg of chitinase and 5kg of exopolysaccharide);
5kg of composite microbial flora (wherein, 1.5kg of bacillus subtilis, 1.5kg of bacillus thuringiensis and 2kg of photosynthetic bacteria, the effective viable count is 1 multiplied by 1011cfu/g);
5kg of oxidized starch binder.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials in parts by weight of the soil remediation agent;
(2) crushing edible fungus residues, adding a fermentation microbial inoculum and 50kg of water, uniformly mixing, fermenting for 12 days, adding sodium bicarbonate into a fermentation product, uniformly mixing, calcining for 2 hours at 400 ℃ in an inert gas atmosphere, and cooling to obtain biochar;
(3) mixing and crushing the biochar, the sludge and the composite mineral, and sieving by a 80-mesh sieve to obtain a mixture A;
(4) adding 10kg of carbon source and 40kg of water into the composite microbial flora, adjusting the pH value to 5, and performing acclimation culture at 40 ℃ for 10 days to obtain a composite microbial liquid;
(5) and (3) spraying the compound microorganism bacterium liquid into the mixture A by using a sprayer, finally adding a polysaccharide compound and an adhesive, uniformly mixing, granulating, and drying at 70 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain the soil remediation agent.
Comparative example 1
The soil repairing agent does not contain biochar, and other raw materials, the dosage and the preparation method are the same as those in example 3.
Comparative example 2
The soil repairing agent does not contain polysaccharide compounds and compound microbial flora, and other raw materials, the dosage and the preparation method thereof are the same as those in example 3.
Performance testing
1. Soil hardening and soil degradation remediation
Selecting a piece of hardened soil and degenerated soil rice planting field, evenly dividing the field into 8 pieces, respectively using the soil remediation agents prepared in the examples 1-5 and the comparative examples 1-2, setting one planting field as a blank control, and after one month of use, respectively sampling and determining the volume weight, the porosity and the water content of the soil, wherein the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 soil volume weight, porosity and Water content determination results
Figure BDA0002294431630000111
Figure BDA0002294431630000121
As can be seen from Table 1, compared with the blank control and the comparative examples 1 to 2, the volume weight of the soil treated by the soil remediation agent prepared in the embodiments 1 to 5 of the invention is significantly reduced, and the porosity and the water content are significantly increased.
The tests prove that the soil repairing agent can effectively repair soil hardening and soil degradation, and can also effectively repair sandy soil because the soil repairing agent can also obviously improve the water content and organic matter content of the soil.
2. Continuous cropping soil and farmland greenhouse soil remediation
Selecting a continuous cropping rape planting field in a farmland greenhouse, evenly dividing the field into 8 blocks, respectively using the soil remediation agents prepared in the examples 1-5 and the comparative examples 1-2, setting one planting field as a blank control, and after one month of use, respectively sampling and measuring the nitrate nitrogen content, the organic matter content and the pH value of soil and the yield of rape planted with rape, wherein the results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 determination results of nitrate nitrogen content, organic matter content, pH value and yield of soil
Figure BDA0002294431630000122
As can be seen from Table 2, compared with the blank control and the comparative examples 1-2, the soil restoration agent prepared in the embodiments 1-5 of the invention has the advantages that the content of nitrate nitrogen in the soil, the content of organic matters and the yield of rape after treatment are all obviously improved, and the pH value is obviously reduced.
The tests prove that the soil remediation agent can effectively remediate continuous cropping soil and farmland greenhouse soil, and can also effectively remediate saline-alkali soil because the soil remediation agent can also obviously reduce the pH value.
3. Heavy metal soil remediation
Selecting a wheat planting field polluted by heavy metal, averagely dividing the wheat planting field into 8 blocks, respectively using the soil remediation agents prepared in the examples 1-5 and the comparative examples 1-2, setting one planting field As a blank control, and respectively sampling and determining the contents of Pd, Cd, Hg and As in soil after one month of use, wherein the results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 determination of Pd, Cd, Hg, As content
Figure BDA0002294431630000131
As can be seen from Table 3, compared with the blank control and the comparative examples 1-2, the contents of Pd, Cd, Hg and As in the soil treated by the soil remediation agents prepared in the embodiments 1-5 of the invention are all significantly reduced.
The tests prove that the soil remediation agent can effectively remediate heavy metal soil and remediate pesticide-contaminated soil.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (10)

1. The soil remediation agent is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 150-200 parts of biochar, 50-100 parts of sludge, 10-20 parts of composite mineral substances, 5-10 parts of polysaccharide compounds, 5-10 parts of composite microbial flora and 2-5 parts of adhesive;
the biochar comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 130-180 parts of edible fungus residues, 10-20 parts of sodium bicarbonate and 5-10 parts of a fermentation microbial inoculum.
2. The soil remediation agent of claim 1, wherein the complex minerals are prepared by mixing potassium permanganate, zinc sulfate, and calcium chloride in a mass ratio of (2-5) to (1-4) to (1-2).
3. The soil remediation agent of claim 1, wherein the polysaccharide compound is prepared by mixing chitinase and exopolysaccharide in a mass ratio of (1-2) to (1-2).
4. The soil remediation agent of claim 1, wherein the complex microbial flora is prepared by mixing Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis and photosynthetic bacteria in a mass ratio of (3-6) to (2-4).
5. The soil remediation agent of claim 4 wherein the effective viable count of said bacillus subtilis, bacillus thuringiensis, and photosynthetic bacteria is 1 x 108~1×1011cfu/g。
6. The soil remediation agent of claim 1 wherein said binder is an oxidized starch binder.
7. The soil remediation agent of claim 1 wherein the fermentation inoculum is prepared by mixing Lactobacillus plantarum, yeast and Actinomycetes in a mass ratio of (3-5): 1-2.
8. A preparation method of a soil remediation agent is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials according to the weight portion of the soil remediation agent of any one of claims 1-7;
(2) crushing edible fungus residues, adding a fermentation microbial inoculum and 40-50 parts of water, uniformly mixing, fermenting for 8-12 days, adding sodium bicarbonate into a fermentation product, uniformly mixing, calcining in an inert gas atmosphere, and cooling to obtain biochar;
(3) mixing and crushing the biochar, the sludge and the composite mineral, and sieving with a 80-100-mesh sieve to obtain a mixture A;
(4) adding 5-10 parts of carbon source and 30-40 parts of water into the composite microbial flora, adjusting the pH value to 3-5, and performing acclimation culture to obtain a composite microbial flora solution;
(5) and spraying the compound microbial liquid into the mixture A, finally adding the polysaccharide compound and the adhesive, uniformly mixing, granulating and drying to obtain the soil remediation agent.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein in step (2), the calcination is carried out at a temperature of 300-400 ℃ for 1-2 h;
in the step (4), the temperature of the domestication culture is 35-40 ℃, and the time is 8-10 days;
in the step (5), the drying temperature is 60-70 ℃, and the drying time is 1-2 hours.
10. The use of the soil remediation agent of any one of claims 1 to 7 in remediation of soil hardening, soil degradation, continuous cropping soil, farmland shed soil, sandy soil, saline and alkaline land soil, heavy metal soil, pesticide contaminated soil.
CN201911194828.4A 2019-11-28 2019-11-28 Soil remediation agent and preparation method and application thereof Pending CN110964535A (en)

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