CN114075320A - 一种发光颜色可调的荧光水性聚氨酯及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种发光颜色可调的荧光水性聚氨酯及其制备方法,其特征是首先合成了端羟基绿色与红色两种荧光化合物,然后与异氰酸酯及亲水扩链剂反应,通过共价键结合的方式将它们引入到聚氨酯主链,得到了一种发光颜色可调的荧光水性聚氨酯,解决了荧光聚氨酯发光颜色单一的问题。本发明使用的两种荧光化合物荧光量子产率高、化学稳定性好,通过共价接入的方式提高了它们的耐迁移性,用水代替有机溶剂符合合成革行业生态环保需求,通过调控激发光源的波长,制得的荧光水性聚氨酯可分别发红、绿、蓝三种荧光,可广泛应用于防伪、合成革、纺织品、交通及建筑涂料等领域,进一步丰富荧光水性聚氨酯种类。
Description
技术领域
本发明具体涉及一种发光颜色可调的荧光水性聚氨酯及其制备方法,属于高分子材料合成技术领域。
背景技术
聚氨酯因其具有优异的机械性能、耐磨性、低温柔顺性和粘接性等优点,被广泛应用于皮革、合成革、纺织品、木器漆、建筑涂料等领域。由于传统的溶剂型聚氨酯存在严重的有机溶剂污染问题,以水为分散介质的水性聚氨酯及不使用任何有机溶剂的无溶剂聚氨酯逐渐进入市场。随着人们生活水平的提升,单一性能的水性聚氨酯已不能满足人们的使用需求。而功能型水性聚氨酯,如荧光水性聚氨酯的使用需求量逐步变大。例如,人们将荧光聚氨酯涂饰在皮革及合成革表面使其变得更加美观,进而提高产品附加值,成为企业新的利润增长点;或将其涂饰在环卫工人、消防员、野外工作人员等特殊环境工作者的制服上,利用其醒目、容易识别等现象,降低他们的潜在危险。
最初的荧光聚氨酯多是有机荧光小分子或无机荧光材料与聚氨酯共混所得到。如中国专利201711052449.2公开了一种聚氨酯发光涂料的制备方法,以聚氨酯为成膜组分,向其混入荧光粉、固化剂、消泡剂及增稠剂,得到附着力强、荧光发光时间长,涂膜表面平整光滑的聚氨酯发光涂料。但采用这类方法得到的荧光聚氨酯的彩色小分子组分会在使用过程中逐渐从体系中迁移,使得颜色、荧光性能等变差,并会对环境造成污染。
通过化学键的方式将荧光基团接入聚氨酯链中,可大幅提升荧光染料的耐迁移性及使用寿命。如中国专利201610147307.3公开了一种水性荧光聚氨酯复合物的制备工艺,通过将一种荧光基团与异氰酸酯根反应形成预聚物,最后加入去离子水和乙二胺的混合物高速搅拌得到稳定性好、荧光性能优越的水性荧光聚氨酯;中国专利201910640788公开了一种荧光水性聚氨酯及其制备方法,将含端羟基的荧光素引入聚氨酯主链,通过调整荧光素的添加量来控制聚氨酯的发色团含量,得到了发光强度不同的荧光水性聚氨酯。以上两例均是将荧光基团用做扩链剂接入聚氨酯,得到的荧光聚氨酯的耐迁移性更好,使用时间更长。
但目前的荧光水性聚氨酯荧光发色单一,限制了荧光水性聚氨酯的进一步应用。例如,在防伪领域,发单一荧光的水性聚氨酯易被模仿,如有发多色荧光的水性聚氨酯,则增加了仿冒难度,能更好的保护商家利益。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对上述现有技术的不足而提供一种发光颜色可调的荧光水性聚氨酯及其制备方法。首先合成端羟基的绿色和红色荧光化合物,然后将红色荧光化合物与异氰酸酯结合,得到聚氨酯预聚体,再将绿色荧光化合物作为扩链剂,经三乙胺中和后得到聚氨酯乳液,通过这种将荧光分子共价嵌入聚氨酯主链的方式,得到了一种发光颜色可调的荧光水性聚氨酯。本发明通过化学键方式引入荧光化合物,提高了荧光化合物的耐迁移性,使用的两种荧光化合物有着较高的荧光量子产率、耐热性及耐光照疲劳性好,能赋予水性聚氨酯良好的荧光性能。此外可利用两种荧光化合物间的协同效应,通过调控激发光源的不同,可使聚氨酯分别发红、绿、蓝三种不同颜色的荧光,从而扩大其应用范围。
本发明提供的一种发光颜色可调的荧光水性聚氨酯及其制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤,所用物料的份数均为重量份数:
(1)绿色荧光化合物的制备:
将对二甲苯二磷酸四乙酯1.07 g、4-(2-羟基乙氧基)苯甲醛0.66 g和叔丁醇钾0.45 g溶于15 mL干燥的四氢呋喃中,于30 ℃下反应24小时,水洗烘干后得到羟基封端的绿色荧光化合物;
(2)红色荧光化合物的制备:
将醋酸锌0.001 g、氨基-聚乙二醇-羟基5.0~7. 0 g加入N,N-二甲基乙酰胺25 mL中升温至110 ℃,加入苝-3,4,9,10-四羧酸二酐1 g,在160 ℃氮气条件下反应15小时,水洗烘干后得到羟基封端的红色荧光化合物;
(3)红色荧光聚氨酯预聚体的制备:
将步骤(2)制得的红色荧光化合物40~80份(120 ℃,0.1 atm真空干燥箱过夜)、二异氰酸酯20~40份、有机锡催化剂0.01~0.02份加入三口烧瓶中,升温至75~85 ℃,反应2小时后加入小分子二元醇扩链剂4~8份,75~85 ℃继续反应1~2小时,加入含亲水基团的二元醇扩链剂5~10份以及丙酮5~10份调节粘度,再于75~85 ℃中继续反应2~3小时,得到红色荧光水基聚氨酯预聚体;
(4)发光颜色可调的荧光水性聚氨酯乳液的制备:
将步骤(3)得到的红色荧光聚氨酯预聚体中加入步骤(1)制备的绿色荧光化合物0.2~0.6份,在75~85 ℃下继续反应2小时,然后降温至40 ℃,再加入4-5份三乙胺进行中和,最后加入去离子水,在高速剪切力的作用下乳化,获得发光颜色可调的荧光水性聚氨酯乳液(固含量为25 %~35 %)。
其中R1、R2为C6~C10的直链或者支链烷烃。
所述的一种发光颜色可调的荧光水性聚氨酯及其制备方法,其特征在于所述的红色荧光化合物合成中所用的氨基-聚乙二醇-羟基相对分子质量为500~1000。
所述的一种发光颜色可调的荧光水性聚氨酯及其制备方法,其特征在于所述二异氰酸酯为异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、苯二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、聚碳酸醇二酯、2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯、4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯中的至少一种。
所述的一种发光颜色可调的荧光水性聚氨酯及其制备方法,其特征在于所述小分子扩链剂为1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇、1,4-己二胺、乙二醇、乙二胺、己二胺中的至少一种。
所述的一种发光颜色可调的荧光水性聚氨酯及其制备方法,其特征在于所述含亲水基的二元醇扩链剂为二羟甲基丙酸、二羟甲基丁酸或二羟基磺酸盐中的一种。
所述的一种发光颜色可调的荧光水性聚氨酯及其制备方法,其特征在于所述含亲水基的二元醇扩链剂为二羟甲基丙酸、二羟甲基丁酸或二羟基磺酸盐中的一种。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有以下积极效果:
(1)本发明在合成过程中使用水作为溶剂,可实现生产过程的清洁化,所制得的水性聚氨酯为环保产品,符合行业发展趋势,并且符合消费者的绿色、健康需求;
(2)本发明使用的荧光化合物具有高荧光量子产率及良好的光化学稳定性,只需少量荧光化合物就可达到明显的荧光效果,对聚氨酯的影响较小,通过共价接入荧光化合物的方式,使荧光化合物的耐迁移性提高,增强了荧光聚氨酯的稳定性及使用周期;
(3)本发明提供的荧光水性聚氨酯能通过调控激发光源的波长,使其分别发射红、绿、蓝这三种颜色的荧光,解决了荧光聚氨酯发光颜色单一的问题,进一步拓宽了荧光水性聚氨酯的应用领域。
附图说明
图1是本发明绿色荧光化合物制备的具体方程式,其中R1、R2为C6~C10的直链或者支链烷烃。
图2是本发明红色荧光化合物制备的具体方程式。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明进行具体的描述,有必要指出的是以下实施例只是用于对本发明进行进一步的说明,不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制,该领域的技术熟练人员可根据上述发明的内容做出一些非本质的改进和调整,仍属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1:
(1)绿色荧光化合物的制备:
将对二甲苯二磷酸四乙酯1.07 g、4-(2-羟基乙氧基)苯甲醛0.66 g和叔丁醇钾0.45 g溶于15 mL干燥的四氢呋喃中,于30 ℃下反应24小时,水洗烘干后得到羟基封端的绿色荧光化合物;
(2)红色荧光化合物的制备:
将醋酸锌0.001 g、相对分子质量为500的氨基-二聚乙二元醇-羟基5.0 g加入N,N-二甲基乙酰胺25 mL中升温至110 ℃,加入苝-3,4,9,10-四羧酸二酐1 g,在160 ℃氮气条件下反应15小时,水洗烘干后得到羟基封端的红色荧光化合物;
(3)红色荧光聚氨酯预聚体的制备:
将步骤(2)制得的红色荧光化合物40份(120 ℃,0.1 atm真空干燥箱过夜)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯20份、有机锡催化剂0.01份加入三口烧瓶中,升温至75 ℃,反应2小时后加入小分子二元醇扩链剂1,4-丁二醇4份,75 ℃继续反应1小时,加入二羟甲基丙酸5份以及丙酮5份调节粘度,再于75 ℃中继续反应2小时,得到红色荧光水基聚氨酯预聚体;
(4)发光颜色可调的荧光水性聚氨酯乳液的制备:
将步骤(3)得到的红色荧光水基聚氨酯预聚体中加入步骤(1)制备的绿色荧光化合物0.2份,在75 ℃下继续反应2小时,然后降温至40 ℃,再加入4-5份三乙胺进行中和,最后加入去离子水,在高速剪切力的作用下乳化,获得发光颜色可调的荧光水性聚氨酯乳液(固含量为25 %)。
实施例2:
(1)绿色荧光化合物的制备:
将对二甲苯二磷酸四乙酯1.07 g、4-(2-羟基乙氧基)苯甲醛0.66 g和叔丁醇钾0.45 g溶于15 mL干燥的四氢呋喃中,于30 ℃下反应24小时,水洗烘干后得到羟基封端的绿色荧光化合物;
(2)红色荧光化合物的制备:
将醋酸锌0.001 g、相对分子质量为800的氨基-聚乙二醇-羟基6.0 g加入N,N-二甲基乙酰胺25 mL中升温至110 ℃,加入苝-3,4,9,10-四羧酸二酐1 g,在160 ℃氮气条件下反应15小时,烘干后得到羟基封端的红色荧光化合物;
(3)红色荧光聚氨酯预聚体的制备:
将步骤(2)制得的红色荧光化合物60份(120 ℃,0.1 atm真空干燥箱过夜)、4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯30份、有机锡催化剂0.02份加入三口烧瓶中,升温至80 ℃,反应3小时后加入小分子二元醇扩链剂1,6-己二醇6份,80 ℃继续反应1小时,加入二羟甲基磺酸盐8份以及丙酮8份调节粘度,再于80 ℃中继续反应3小时,得到红色荧光水基聚氨酯预聚体;
(4)发光颜色可调的荧光水性聚氨酯乳液的制备:
将步骤(3)得到的红色荧光水基聚氨酯预聚体中加入步骤(1)制备的绿色荧光化合物0.4份,在80 ℃下继续反应2小时,然后降温至40 ℃,再加入4-5份三乙胺进行中和,最后加入去离子水,在高速剪切力的作用下乳化,获得发光颜色可调的荧光水性聚氨酯乳液(固含量为30 %)。
实施例3:
(1)绿色荧光化合物的制备:
将对二甲苯二磷酸四乙酯1.07 g、4-(2-羟基乙氧基)苯甲醛0.66 g和叔丁醇钾0.45 g溶于15 mL干燥的四氢呋喃中,于30 ℃下反应24小时,水洗烘干后得到羟基封端的绿色荧光化合物;
(2)红色荧光化合物的制备:
将醋酸锌0.001 g、相对分子质量为1000的氨基-聚乙二醇-羟基7.0 g加入N,N-二甲基乙酰胺25 mL中升温至110 ℃,加入苝-3,4,9,10-四羧酸二酐1 g,在160 ℃氮气条件下反应15小时,烘干后得到羟基封端的红色荧光化合物;
(3)红色荧光聚氨酯预聚体的制备:
将步骤(2)制得的红色荧光化合物80份(120 ℃,0.1 atm真空干燥箱过夜)、聚碳酸醇二酯40份、有机锡催化剂0.02份加入三口烧瓶中,升温至85 ℃,反应3小时后加入小分子二元醇扩链剂1,4-己二胺8份,85 ℃继续反应2小时,加入二羟甲基丁酸10份以及丙酮10份调节粘度,再于85 ℃中继续反应3小时,得到红色荧光水基聚氨酯预聚体;
(4)发光颜色可调的荧光水性聚氨酯乳液的制备:
将步骤(3)得到的红色荧光水基聚氨酯预聚体中加入步骤(1)制备的绿色荧光化合物0.6份,在85 ℃下继续反应2小时,然后降温至40 ℃,再加入4-5份三乙胺进行中和,最后加入去离子水,在高速剪切力的作用下乳化,获得发光颜色可调的荧光水性聚氨酯乳液(固含量为35 %)。
与普通荧光水性聚氨酯相比,采用本专利技术制造的荧光水性聚氨酯具有优异的荧光性能,能在350-430 nm的激发波长下发射蓝色荧光,在488-520 nm激发波长下发射绿色荧光,在500-550 nm激发波长下发射红色荧光。
Claims (6)
1.一种发光颜色可调的荧光水性聚氨酯及其制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤,所用物料的份数均为重量份数:
(1)绿色荧光化合物的制备:将对二甲苯二磷酸四乙酯1.07 g、4-(2-羟基乙氧基)苯甲醛0.66 g和叔丁醇钾0.45 g溶于15 mL四氢呋喃中,于30 ℃下反应24小时,水洗烘干得到羟基封端的绿色荧光化合物;
(2)红色荧光化合物的制备:将醋酸锌0.001 g、氨基-聚乙二醇-羟基5.0~7. 0 g加入N,N-二甲基乙酰胺25 mL中升温至110 ℃,加入苝-3,4,9,10-四羧酸二酐1 g,在160 ℃氮气条件下反应15小时,水洗烘干后得到羟基封端的红色荧光化合物;
(3)红色荧光聚氨酯预聚体的制备:将步骤(2)制得的红色荧光化合物40~80份(120℃,0.1 atm真空干燥箱过夜)、二异氰酸酯20~40份、有机锡催化剂0.01~0.02份加入三口烧瓶中,升温至75~85 ℃,反应2小时后加入小分子二元醇扩链剂4~8份,75~85 ℃继续反应1~2小时,加入含亲水基团的二元醇扩链剂5~10份以及丙酮5~10份调节粘度,再于75~85 ℃中继续反应2~3小时,得到红色荧光水基聚氨酯预聚体;
(4)发光颜色可调的荧光水性聚氨酯乳液的制备:将步骤(3)得到的红色荧光聚氨酯预聚体中加入步骤(1)制备的绿色荧光化合物0.2~0.6份,在75~85 ℃下继续反应2小时,然后降温至40 ℃,再加入4-5份三乙胺进行中和,最后加入去离子水,在高速剪切力的作用下乳化,获得发光颜色可调的荧光水性聚氨酯乳液(固含量为25 %~35 %)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种发光颜色可调的荧光水性聚氨酯及其制备方法,其特征在于所述的红色荧光化合物合成中所用的氨基-聚乙二醇-羟基相对分子质量为500~1000。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种发光颜色可调的荧光水性聚氨酯及其制备方法,其特征在于所述二异氰酸酯为异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、苯二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、聚碳酸醇二酯、2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯、4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种发光颜色可调的荧光水性聚氨酯及其制备方法,其特征在于所述小分子扩链剂为1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇、1,4-己二胺、乙二醇、乙二胺、己二胺中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种发光颜色可调的荧光水性聚氨酯及其制备方法,其特征在于所述含亲水基的二元醇扩链剂为二羟甲基丙酸、二羟甲基丁酸或二羟基磺酸盐中的一种。
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