CN114062956B - Safety control method of battery and intelligent battery - Google Patents
Safety control method of battery and intelligent battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN114062956B CN114062956B CN202210055025.6A CN202210055025A CN114062956B CN 114062956 B CN114062956 B CN 114062956B CN 202210055025 A CN202210055025 A CN 202210055025A CN 114062956 B CN114062956 B CN 114062956B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
- G01R31/387—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC
- G01R31/388—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC involving voltage measurements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
- G01R31/52—Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a safety control method of a battery, which comprises a battery leakage current detection and judgment method, a battery internal resistance detection and judgment method, a battery equalization method and a battery capacity detection and judgment method. The battery balancing method is used for balancing according to the cell capacity difference calculated when the battery is charged, repeated balancing is avoided, and the service life of the battery is prolonged. The invention also discloses an intelligent battery for safety control by using the safety control method, which can carry out more intelligent control on safety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a safety control method of a battery and also relates to an intelligent battery comprising the safety control method.
Background
With the strong support of the country on new energy and the increasing maturity of battery technology, batteries have been widely used in robots, electric cars, electric motorcycles, electric bicycles, solar energy, mobile communication terminal products, energy storage products and other products.
Among them, the safety of the battery is a problem to be considered and solved first in the development process. In order to ensure safety, the existing battery collects battery voltage and battery current and calculates battery pack capacity, but the existing battery cannot evaluate the service life and the aging condition of the battery and cannot evaluate the health state and the safety state of the battery.
Such as: the robot battery has no method for detecting the leakage current and the direct current internal resistance of the battery, the battery cannot be intelligently and safely, the robot battery adopts a universal balancing method, the needed balancing current is large, the sampling precision is high, the requirement on the consistency of the battery is high, the repeated balancing condition can occur, and the battery is unsafe.
Disclosure of Invention
The first technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for controlling the safety of a battery, which can better control the safety of the battery.
The second technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an intelligent battery for performing safety control by using the above safety control method.
To solve the first technical problem, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a safety control method of a battery is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the battery leakage current detection and judgment method comprises the steps of calculating the voltage drop K in unit time when a battery stands every time, and comparing the voltage drop K in unit time with a set value to judge whether the service life of the battery is finished;
the battery internal resistance detection and judgment method comprises the steps of calculating direct current internal resistance Rd after each time of standing to discharging of a battery, and comparing the direct current internal resistance Rd with battery production aging internal resistance R0 to judge whether the service life of the battery is finished;
the battery balancing method comprises the steps of obtaining a cell capacity difference between a cell with the highest voltage and a cell with the lowest voltage after each time of battery charging is finished, and then balancing according to the cell capacity difference;
the battery capacity detection judging method obtains the maximum capacity Qmax of each battery cell, and compares the maximum capacity Qmax with a set capacity value to judge whether the service life of the battery is finished.
The battery leakage current detection and judgment method comprises the following steps: recording initial time T0 when the battery begins to stand every time, and sampling the initial voltage V0 of each battery cell at the moment; when the battery is kept still to a set moment Tn, respectively sampling and calculating the static voltage Vn of each battery cell at the moment;
by the formula: kn = (Vn-V0)/(Tn-T0), and voltage drop Kn of each battery cell at the corresponding moment Tn is obtained through calculation;
and when Kn is larger than Kx, judging that the service life of the battery is ended, wherein Kx is a set value.
Further, at a time Tn, collecting the voltage of each battery cell of the battery, wherein the voltage with the highest numerical value is Kn max, and the voltage with the highest numerical value is Kn min;
and when the Kn max-Kn min is larger than Ky, judging that the service life of the battery is ended, wherein the Ky is a set value.
The method for detecting and judging the internal resistance of the battery comprises the following steps: sampling the initial voltage V0 of each battery cell at the moment when the battery starts to stand, and sampling the discharged voltage V1 and the discharge current I of each battery cell at the moment when the battery discharges for delta T;
by the formula: rd = (V0-V1)/I, and the direct current internal resistance Rd of each battery cell at the moment delta T is obtained through calculation;
and when Rd is larger than R0 Kd, judging that the service life of the battery is ended, wherein R0 is the aging internal resistance of the cell production, and Kd is a set coefficient.
The battery balancing method comprises the following steps: when the battery finishes charging every time, acquiring the voltage of each battery core at the moment, subtracting the lowest voltage from the highest voltage to obtain a voltage difference delta Vmax, comparing the highest voltage and the lowest voltage with data of a corresponding relation between the voltage stored in the battery chip and the battery core capacity respectively to obtain the battery core capacities corresponding to the highest voltage and the lowest voltage respectively, and subtracting the battery core capacity corresponding to the lowest voltage from the battery core capacity corresponding to the highest voltage to obtain a battery core capacity difference;
in the battery balancing process, recording balancing current Ib and balancing time Tb, obtaining balancing electric quantity by multiplying the balancing current Ib by the balancing time Tb, and stopping the balancing of the battery when the balancing electric quantity is equal to the capacity difference of the battery core;
when delta Vmax is less than Vmax, the battery is not balanced, and Vmax is a set value.
The battery capacity detection and judgment method comprises the following steps: during production, each cell of the battery is respectively tested to obtain a corresponding OCV curve and stored in the chip of the battery, during the discharging process, the voltage of each cell before discharging and the voltage after discharging are sampled, the voltage before discharging and the voltage after discharging are compared in the OCV curves, and the electric quantity ratio SOC0x before discharging and the electric quantity ratio SOC1x after discharging are obtained;
in the discharging process, the discharging current I and the discharging time T are also sampled, and the discharging electric quantity XmAh is obtained by multiplying the discharging current I by the discharging time T;
by the formula: qmax = XmAh/(SOC0x-SOC1x), and the maximum capacity Qmax of the corresponding battery cell is obtained through calculation;
when the maximum capacity Qmax decreases to the set value, it is determined that the life of the battery is ended.
To solve the first technical problem, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an intelligent battery for safety control by using the safety control method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention uses the battery leakage current detection and judgment method, the battery internal resistance detection and judgment method and the battery capacity detection and judgment method to judge the service life of the battery at the same time according to the leakage current condition of the battery, the aging of the internal resistance of the battery and the loss condition of the capacity of the battery, thereby better ensuring the safety of the battery and reducing the potential safety hazard.
The battery equalization method of the invention performs equalization according to the cell capacity difference calculated when the battery is charged, the cell capacity referred to in each equalization is the constant value calculated when the battery is charged, the equalized capacity is stable, the situation of repeated equalization can not occur, the precision of the battery for sampling the voltage is reduced, the magnitude of the equalization current is reduced, and the service life of the battery is also prolonged. The battery equalization method used by the invention is a method for equalizing through results, and can enable the battery to reach the optimal state of full charge voltage balance.
The difficulty of the existing battery equalization method is that the internal resistance is changed in the battery charging process, the equalization can not be controlled through real-time Vmax, and the situation of repeated equalization can occur.
The battery capacity detection and judgment method provided by the invention detects the capacity of each battery cell to reach the aging state of the battery, thereby controlling the safety of the battery.
2. The invention achieves the intelligent control of the safety of the battery through the comprehensive control of the battery leakage current detection and judgment method, the battery internal resistance detection and judgment method, the battery capacity detection and judgment method and the battery equalization method.
3. The intelligent battery of the invention carries out safety control through the safety control method, and can carry out more intelligent control on safety.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to examples.
The safety control method of the battery in this embodiment simultaneously includes a battery leakage current detection and judgment method, a battery internal resistance detection and judgment method, a battery equalization method, and a battery capacity detection and judgment method, and the battery includes a plurality of battery cells.
The battery leakage current detection and judgment method comprises the following steps: recording initial time T0 when the battery begins to stand every time, and sampling the initial voltage V0 of each battery cell at the moment; when the battery is kept still to a set moment Tn, respectively sampling and calculating the static voltage Vn of each battery cell at the moment;
by the formula: kn = (Vn-V0)/(Tn-T0), and voltage drop Kn of each battery cell at the corresponding moment Tn is obtained through calculation;
and when Kn is larger than Kx, judging that the service life of the battery is ended, wherein Kx is a set value.
The set time Tn is several, that is, there may be one set time Tn every other fixed time, the Kn of the set time Tn is continuously compared with the set value Kx along with the extension of the standing time, and when the Kn is larger than Kx, the end of the service life of the battery is judged, and the battery can not be used any more.
The method for detecting and determining the battery leakage current of the embodiment may also include another determination method: at a moment Tn, collecting the voltage of each battery cell of the battery, wherein the voltage with the highest numerical value is Kn max, and the voltage with the highest numerical value is Kn min; and when the Kn max-Kn min is larger than Ky, judging that the service life of the battery is ended, wherein the Ky is a set value. I.e., when the Kn value is discrete, the battery consistency will affect the battery life.
The battery leakage current detection and judgment method of the embodiment judges the battery life simultaneously according to the two judgment conditions. The potential safety hazard caused by leakage current change after the battery is aged in use is ensured.
The voltage drop Kn is the voltage drop K per unit time, and as can be seen from the above, the battery leakage current detection and determination method is to calculate the voltage drop K per unit time each time the battery is stationary, and compare the voltage drop K per unit time with a set value to determine whether the battery life is over.
The method for detecting and judging the internal resistance of the battery comprises the following steps: sampling the initial voltage V0 of each battery cell at the moment when the battery starts to stand, and sampling the discharged voltage V1 and the discharge current I of each battery cell at the moment when the battery discharges for delta T;
by the formula: rd = (V0-V1)/I, and the direct current internal resistance Rd of each battery cell at the moment delta T is obtained through calculation;
and when Rd is larger than R0 Kd, judging that the service life of the battery is ended, wherein R0 is the cell production aging internal resistance, and Kd is a set coefficient for initial measurement during production. That is, the internal resistance is continuously increased during the use of the battery, and the internal resistance is judged to be no longer usable when the internal resistance is increased by a certain ratio. The potential safety hazard caused by internal resistance aging after the battery is used and aged is ensured.
The battery balancing method comprises the following steps: when the battery finishes charging every time, acquiring the voltage of each battery core at the moment, subtracting the lowest voltage from the highest voltage to obtain a voltage difference delta Vmax, comparing the highest voltage and the lowest voltage with data of a corresponding relation between the voltage stored in the battery chip and the battery core capacity respectively to obtain the battery core capacities corresponding to the highest voltage and the lowest voltage respectively, and subtracting the battery core capacity corresponding to the lowest voltage from the battery core capacity corresponding to the highest voltage to obtain a battery core capacity difference; the data of the voltage stored in the chip of the battery corresponding to the capacity of the battery cell is the corresponding relation between the voltage measured in production and the capacity of the battery cell;
in the process of battery equalization, recording an equalization current Ib and an equalization time Tb, obtaining an equalization electric quantity by multiplying the equalization current Ib by the equalization time Tb, and stopping the equalization of the battery when the equalization electric quantity is equal to the capacity difference of the battery core;
when delta Vmax is less than Vmax, the battery is not balanced, and Vmax is a set value. That is, when the above steps are repeated for equalization, if δ Vmax calculated at the end of charging is smaller than Vmax, the equalization operation of the battery is not performed this time, but the above method is continuously repeated at the end of next charging.
The battery balance is that the cell voltage is inconsistent when the battery is fully charged due to the influences of internal resistance aging, battery capacity attenuation and the like in the battery charging and discharging process. The battery balancing process is to discharge the battery core with high voltage. The battery equalization method is a result equalization method, so that the control method is simple and consistent, the phenomenon of repeated equalization cannot occur, the equalization method reduces the accuracy of voltage sampling of the battery pack, reduces the magnitude of equalization current, and prolongs the service life of the battery.
The battery capacity detection and judgment method comprises the following steps: during production, each cell of the battery is respectively tested to obtain a corresponding OCV curve and stored in the chip of the battery, during the discharging process, the voltage of each cell before discharging and the voltage after discharging are sampled, the voltage before discharging and the voltage after discharging are compared in the OCV curves, and the electric quantity ratio SOC0x before discharging and the electric quantity ratio SOC1x after discharging are obtained; the electric quantity ratio SOC0x is the ratio of the electric quantity contained in the battery cell before discharge to the full electric quantity of the battery cell, and the electric quantity ratio SOC1x is the ratio of the electric quantity contained in the battery cell after discharge to the full electric quantity of the battery cell.
In the discharging process, the discharging current I and the discharging time T are also sampled, and the discharging electric quantity XmAh is obtained by multiplying the discharging current I by the discharging time T;
by the formula: qmax = XmAh/(SOC0x-SOC1x), and the maximum capacity Qmax of the corresponding battery cell is obtained through calculation; the maximum electric quantity which can be charged by the battery at the moment is calculated and obtained through the ratio of the electric quantity discharged in the discharging process to the electric quantity discharged, and the maximum electric quantity which can be charged by the battery is continuously reduced in the continuous use process of the battery.
When the maximum capacity Qmax is reduced to a set value, the service life of the battery is judged to be finished, and the use safety of the battery is ensured.
The safety control method of the battery comprehensively uses the battery leakage current detection and judgment method, the battery internal resistance detection and judgment method, the battery capacity detection and judgment method and the battery equalization method, and can intelligently judge and control the safety of the battery, so that the battery is safer to use.
The embodiment also comprises an intelligent battery which uses the safety control method to carry out safety control, and the intelligent battery can be used in the fields of robots and the like.
The above-described embodiments of the present invention are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and various other modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above-described structure of the present invention without departing from the basic technical concept of the present invention as described above, according to the common technical knowledge and conventional means in the field of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A safety control method of a battery is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the battery leakage current detection and judgment method comprises the following steps: when the battery is kept still each time, calculating the voltage drop K in unit time, and comparing the voltage drop K in unit time with a set value to judge whether the service life of the battery is finished or not;
the battery internal resistance detection and judgment method comprises the following steps: sampling the initial voltage V0 of each battery cell at the moment when the battery starts to stand, and sampling the discharged voltage V1 and the discharge current I of each battery cell at the moment when the battery discharges for delta T; by the formula: calculating to obtain the direct current internal resistance Rd of each battery cell at the moment delta T (V0-V1)/I; when Rd is larger than R0 Kd, judging that the service life of the battery is ended, wherein R0 is the aging internal resistance of the battery cell production, and Kd is a set coefficient;
the battery balancing method comprises the following steps: when the battery finishes charging every time, acquiring the voltage of each battery core at the moment, subtracting the lowest voltage from the highest voltage to obtain a voltage difference delta Vmax, comparing the highest voltage and the lowest voltage with data of a corresponding relation between the voltage stored in the battery chip and the battery core capacity respectively to obtain the battery core capacities corresponding to the highest voltage and the lowest voltage respectively, and subtracting the battery core capacity corresponding to the lowest voltage from the battery core capacity corresponding to the highest voltage to obtain a battery core capacity difference; in the battery balancing process, recording balancing current Ib and balancing time Tb, obtaining balancing electric quantity by multiplying the balancing current Ib by the balancing time Tb, and stopping the balancing of the battery when the balancing electric quantity is equal to the capacity difference of the battery core; repeating the battery balancing method, and when delta Vmax is less than Vmax, the battery is not balanced, and Vmax is a set value;
the battery capacity detection and judgment method comprises the following steps: during production, each cell of the battery is respectively tested to obtain a corresponding OCV curve and stored in the chip of the battery, during the discharging process, the voltage of each cell before discharging and the voltage after discharging are sampled, the voltage before discharging and the voltage after discharging are compared in the OCV curves, and the electric quantity ratio SOC0x before discharging and the electric quantity ratio SOC1x after discharging are obtained; in the discharging process, the discharging current I and the discharging time T are also sampled, and the discharging electric quantity XmAh is obtained by multiplying the discharging current I by the discharging time T; by the formula: calculating Qmax (XmAh/(SOC 0x-SOC1x) to obtain the maximum capacity Qmax of the corresponding battery cell; when the maximum capacity Qmax decreases to the set value, it is determined that the life of the battery is ended.
2. The safety control method of a battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: the battery leakage current detection and judgment method comprises the following steps: recording initial time T0 when the battery begins to stand every time, and sampling the initial voltage V0 of each battery cell at the moment; when the battery is kept still to a set moment Tn, respectively sampling and calculating the static voltage Vn of each battery cell at the moment;
by the formula: calculating the voltage drop Kn of each battery cell at the corresponding time Tn (Vn-V0)/(Tn-T0);
and when Kn is larger than Kx, judging that the service life of the battery is ended, wherein Kx is a set value.
3. The safety control method of a battery according to claim 2, characterized in that: at a moment Tn, collecting the voltage of each battery cell of the battery, wherein the voltage with the highest numerical value is Kn max, and the voltage with the highest numerical value is Kn min;
and when the Kn max-Kn min is larger than Ky, judging that the service life of the battery is ended, wherein the Ky is a set value.
4. A smart battery for safety control using the safety control method of any one of claims 1 to 3.
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| CN105226768B (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2017-12-15 | 广州极飞科技有限公司 | The equalization methods and intelligent battery of a kind of intelligent battery |
| CN105576309B (en) * | 2016-03-07 | 2017-12-01 | 李大江 | A kind of unmanned aerial vehicle onboard high voltage high-capacity battery management method and device |
| CN107037366B (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2018-03-30 | 江苏富威能源有限公司 | A kind of electric rail car lithium ion battery control system |
| CN109698526B (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2023-03-14 | 龙海特尔福汽车电子研究所有限公司 | Safe lithium battery pack equalization implementation method |
| WO2019090768A1 (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2019-05-16 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | Method for monitoring safety of adapter, terminal device and battery thereof and monitoring system |
| CN109342966A (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2019-02-15 | 深圳市朗能电池有限公司 | Remaining battery life determination method, device, computer equipment and storage medium |
| CN112531850B (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2022-08-02 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Battery pack balance control method, device, equipment and medium |
| CN112285583B (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2022-10-04 | 蜂巢能源科技有限公司 | Method, device and system for testing maximum capacity of battery cell |
| CN113054706A (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2021-06-29 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Balance monitoring control system and method for power battery |
| CN113359211B (en) * | 2021-06-15 | 2022-06-14 | 武汉英泰晟视智感科技有限公司 | Bird damage monitoring method for whole-line power transmission line |
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