CN114060383A - 作为奥氏体不锈钢的自钻孔螺钉上的涂层的Zn-Ni - Google Patents

作为奥氏体不锈钢的自钻孔螺钉上的涂层的Zn-Ni Download PDF

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CN114060383A
CN114060383A CN202110848995.7A CN202110848995A CN114060383A CN 114060383 A CN114060383 A CN 114060383A CN 202110848995 A CN202110848995 A CN 202110848995A CN 114060383 A CN114060383 A CN 114060383A
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K-H·黄
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    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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Abstract

本发明涉及作为奥氏体不锈钢的自钻孔螺钉上的涂层的Zn‑Ni。自钻孔螺钉(10)包括头部(20)、至少部分地带有螺纹(35)的杆(30)和钻尖(40)。包括钻尖(40)的螺钉(10)的基础材料由在未涂覆时表面硬度为400至600HV 0.3的奥氏体300系列钢一体地制造。该螺钉的表面具有Ni含量在12％至15％之间的被沉积在奥氏体基础材料上的Zn‑Ni的顶部涂层。该自钻孔螺钉(10)由未加工的奥氏体300系列钢的坯料制成，该坯料在第一操作中通过冷成型最初被挤压以减小其直径，并且在随后的冷成型操作中形成头部、钻尖和螺纹。

Description

作为奥氏体不锈钢的自钻孔螺钉上的涂层的Zn-Ni
技术领域
本发明涉及一种涂层，所述涂层包括被沉积在完全由奥氏体不锈钢制成的自钻孔螺钉的顶部上的Zn-Ni层。
背景技术
奥氏体不锈钢是一种特殊类型的不锈钢合金。奥氏体不锈钢包括奥氏体作为其主要晶体结构(面心立方)。通过充分添加奥氏体稳定元素诸如镍、锰和氮，获得了这种奥氏体晶体结构。然而，它们的晶体结构阻止奥氏体钢可通过热处理硬化，并使它们基本上无磁性。
存在奥氏体不锈钢的两个子组。300系列不锈钢主要通过添加镍实现其奥氏体结构，而200系列不锈钢用锰和氮代替镍，尽管仍然存在很小的镍含量。
300系列不锈钢(AISI参考)是较大的子组，其中304型(也称为18/8，18/10不锈钢)是最著名的一种。通常已知和使用的类型是材料编号(EN号)1.43XX、1.44XX，例如1.4301、1.4310、1.4315和1.4370。
这些不锈钢通常用于制造不锈紧固件。在许多应用中，尤其是在紧固件将暴露于环境和/或苛刻条件(海气、腐蚀条件)的情况下，利用了这种奥氏体不锈钢的耐腐蚀性。如上所述，由于不锈钢不能通过热处理硬化，应用的领域受到限制。具有钻尖的紧固件需要高机械耐久性，通常不能由这种基础材料的一个单件形成。替代地，由碳钢制成的钻尖被焊接到由不锈钢制成的杆(因此被称为双重金属或双金属紧固件)。尽管这种方法目前已经很好地实现了，但它们复杂且昂贵。
此外，将金属镀层施加到这种紧固件是相当普遍的。锌和锌镍涂层通常用于保护碳钢钻尖免受腐蚀。涂层的施加可以通过公知的电镀工艺完成。根据电介质的酸性，Zn-Ni层将具有更吸引人的外观，因为该层的结构更致密和更光滑。
在这种情况下，已知纯Zn层(涂层)(40-150HV0.1)比Zn-Ni层(410-450HV0.1)更易延展。Zn-Ni涂层中Ni的份额增加将导致层更易于形成裂纹，这对于紧固件而言是不期望的行为。然而，如果裂纹出现，则由于称为阴极保护效应的化学过程，不太贵重的锌将首先溶解，导致Ni的浓度接近基础材料的表面。结果得到薄的、保护性的富Ni膜。
现有技术
文献EP 2080572 A1描述了一种由奥氏体300系列材料冷锻高强度紧固件的方法。由未加工的奥氏体300系列钢制成的杆最初通过冷成型被挤压以减小其直径，从而制造中间柄。然后在所述柄的一端形成头部。随后，在所述柄的与所述螺钉头相对的另一端处，通过夹紧形成钻尖。最后，在杆上形成螺纹，从而实现了由奥氏体不锈钢形成的具有钻尖的一体的紧固件。根据该文献，该方法导致已经是395至432HV0.3之间的钻尖的那些区域的表面硬度增加。
虽然对于这种制造工艺描述的硬度值是对现有技术的改进，但是它们仍然不能实现由具有C-钢钻尖的标准双金属螺钉限定的水平。
为了进一步增强全不锈钢螺钉的硬度，可以施加具有比基础材料高的特定硬度的顶部涂层。例如，具有300基础材料硬度的全不锈钢螺钉可以顶部涂覆具有＞1000HV的铬涂层。然而，如果基础材料不能适当地分散被施加到表面的应力(例如在安置这种螺钉期间)和例如屈服，则较不易延展的顶部涂层可能碎裂、剥落和剥离。
本发明的目的是借助于顶部涂层进一步增强由300系列奥氏体材料制成的高强度紧固件的钻孔性能，如现有技术中所述，同时避免传统硬涂层的缺点。
发明内容
根据本发明，自钻孔螺钉包括头部、至少部分地带有螺纹的杆和钻尖。“至少部分地带有螺纹”意味着杆具有除了无螺纹区段之外覆盖螺钉杆的螺纹，例如螺纹直接邻近头部。包括钻尖的螺钉的基础材料由表面硬度(未涂覆)为400至600HV0.3的奥氏体300系列钢一体地制造。Ni含量在12％至15％之间的Zn-Ni涂层被沉积在奥氏体基础材料上。
这种类型的螺钉由未加工的奥氏体300系列钢的坯料制造，该坯料在第一操作中通过冷成型最初被挤压以减小其直径，并且在随后的冷成型操作中，形成头部、钻尖和螺纹。与单步骤冷成型相比，这种两步骤冷成型工艺导致改进的表面硬度。已经发现，被施加在螺钉的表面上的Zn-Ni涂层的厚度优选地被选择为在5至30μm之间。Zn-Ni涂层的维氏硬度经测量在410至450HV0.1之间。该涂层可以通过公知的Zn-Ni电镀工艺施加。
换句话说，Zn-Ni涂层本身的表面硬度低于其被施加的基础材料。如上所述，由于不锈钢螺钉的全不锈钢主体/基础材料，不锈钢螺钉比传统的双金属螺钉对环境影响如腐蚀更不敏感。如果人们仍然希望增强该性能，则可以使用简单的Zn顶部涂层。Zn作为涂层比Zn-Ni更易延展，在两次冷成型操作后，Zn和Zn-Ni二者仍比a.m.基础材料较不易延展。因此，人们不希望较硬基底上的较软层来提高自钻孔螺钉特定的性能。相反，期望Zn层具有比Zn-Ni层更好的涂敷特性。
本文描述的螺钉的应用领域是例如薄金属板(几毫米、钢、铝)的简化组件。在施工现场或组装线上的使用者将不需要提供用于预钻孔的第二电动工具。他/她将简单地使用安置工具(例如电池供电的无线螺丝刀)来完成该过程步骤。
钻尖必须在自钻孔螺钉的安置过程期间承受重(热)载荷。这种螺钉的性能可以被测量并例如通过故障百分比来指定。在这种情况下，故障意味着：钻尖断裂或钻尖的切削边缘磨损以及钻尖过热。另一个性能测量可以是钻通x mm的金属板的平均时间或y mm/min的指定钻孔能力。虽然后2种方式还取决于用户的能力和工具的性能，但是第一种方式“故障百分比”指示可以避免多少高代价的返工。
实验表明，故障主要发生在最后的施加时刻。冷成型的钻尖不具有专用钻头的持久性能，因为它需要仅执行一次。因此，不太理想的设计(也由于大规模制造过程)不是主要问题，然而，冷成型的钻尖将由于在钻孔过程期间的相当大的摩擦而更显著地变热。因此，用以在使用过程期间降低钻尖的摩擦的任何顶部涂层都是优点。
因此，在合理定价的产品和安全地避免性能问题(即，故障)之间达到平衡不是容易的任务。由于所涉及的成本(也与Zn层相比)和腐蚀保护并非全不锈钢螺钉的主要问题的事实，所以施加Zn-Ni层代替简单的润滑层(蜡)也并非是简单直接的。此外，Zn-Ni涂层的硬度低于基础材料，因此很少期望这种层会有助于改进性能。
然而，本发明人发现Zn-Ni涂层提供了两个令人惊奇的协同优点：由于Zn-Ni硬度与全奥氏体基础材料相当，因此顶部涂层不易碎裂、剥落和剥离。此外，Zn-Ni层比例如Zn层更光滑并具有较小的微观粗糙度。这将再次改进在使用期间切屑(chip)从切削边缘和钻尖区域的剥离。由于切屑在自钻孔螺钉的散热中起主要作用，因此支持从钻尖移除切屑的Zn-Ni层似乎提供了关键的数秒的额外寿命。
根据本发明的自钻孔螺钉可另外和有利地具有包含蜡、良好分散的热塑性塑料或两者的另外的润滑涂层。这将另外降低摩擦，尤其是在初始钻孔程序期间，且因此推迟螺钉尖端的变热。将这种润滑涂层施加到钻尖和/或杆的螺纹部分就足够了。这种施加可以通过浸渍、喷涂或其它已知的工艺来完成。
已经进行了各种实验来验证根据本发明提出的涂层的优异性能。S235结构钢的2mm厚的钢板已经被用作几种类型的自钻孔螺钉的测试材料。利用如上所述根据现有技术的由奥氏体不锈钢制成的未涂覆螺钉的测试失败。在钢板被穿孔之前，尖端的钻头边缘磨损。然而，具有所述Zn-Ni涂层加上蜡的相同钻头表现良好，并且可以毫无问题地使用。该性能与具有Zn涂层和蜡层的典型的双金属螺钉相当。
从另一个观点来看，本发明可以被描述为用于增强其钻孔性能的在自钻孔螺钉的表面上的Zn-Ni涂层的用途，所述螺钉包括头部、至少部分地带有螺纹的杆和钻尖，包括钻尖的螺钉的基础材料由表面硬度(未涂覆)为400至600HV0.3的奥氏体300系列钢一体地制造。优选地，Zn-Ni涂层的厚度在5至30μm之间，维氏硬度在410至450HV0.1之间。
附图说明
图1示出了自钻孔螺钉10的原理示意图，该自钻孔螺钉包括头部20、至少部分地带有螺纹35的杆30和钻尖40。

Claims (9)

1.一种自钻孔螺钉(10)，所述自钻孔螺钉包括头部(20)、至少部分地带有螺纹(35)的杆(30)和钻尖(40)，包括所述钻尖(40)的所述螺钉(10)的基础材料由在未涂覆时表面硬度为400至600HV 0.3的奥氏体300系列钢一体地制造，其特征在于，在所述奥氏体基础材料上沉积有Ni含量在12％至15％的Zn-Ni涂层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的自钻孔螺钉，其特征在于，所述螺钉(10)由未加工的奥氏体300系列钢的坯料制成，所述坯料在第一操作中通过冷成型最初被挤压以减小其直径，并且在随后的冷成型操作中，形成所述头部、钻尖和螺纹。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的自钻孔螺钉，其特征在于，所述Zn-Ni涂层的厚度在5至30μm之间。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的自钻孔螺钉，其特征在于，所述Zn-Ni涂层具有在410至450HV 0.1之间的维氏硬度。
5.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的自钻孔螺钉，其特征在于，所述Zn-Ni涂层具有包括蜡、精细分散的热塑性塑料或这两者的另外的润滑涂层。
6.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的自钻孔螺钉，其特征在于，所述润滑涂层主要被施加到所述螺钉的所述钻尖和所述杆。
7.在自钻孔螺钉(10)的表面上用于增强自钻孔螺钉(10)的钻孔性能的Zn-Ni涂层的用途，所述螺钉(10)包括头部(20)、至少部分地带有螺纹(35)的杆(30)和钻尖(40)，包括所述钻尖(40)的所述螺钉(10)的基础材料由在未涂覆时表面硬度为400至600HV 0.3的奥氏体300系列钢一体地制造。
8.根据权利要求7所述的Zn-Ni涂层的用途，其特征在于，所述Zn-Ni涂层具有5至30μm之间的厚度。
9.根据权利要求7所述的Zn-Ni涂层的用途，其特征在于，所述Zn-Ni涂层具有410至450HV 0.1之间的维氏硬度。
CN202110848995.7A 2020-07-29 2021-07-27 作为奥氏体不锈钢的自钻孔螺钉上的涂层的Zn-Ni Pending CN114060383A (zh)

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