CN114051546A - 用于表面保护的复合物 - Google Patents

用于表面保护的复合物 Download PDF

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CN114051546A
CN114051546A CN202080048817.XA CN202080048817A CN114051546A CN 114051546 A CN114051546 A CN 114051546A CN 202080048817 A CN202080048817 A CN 202080048817A CN 114051546 A CN114051546 A CN 114051546A
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surface protection
aqueous
composite
potassium silicate
wood
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加布里埃拉·赫兰多娃
彼得·什帕涅尔
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First Point Co ltd
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First Point Co ltd
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Abstract

一种表面保护复合物，特别是一种用于木材、或纸、或织物、或塑料的不易燃、防水、无害的杀生物表面保护的复合物，该复合物含有硅酸盐水溶液，其含有93至98wt％的硅酸钾水溶液、1至6wt％的氢氧化铝和0.5至1.5wt％的硅酸钾水溶液的稳定剂。

Description

用于表面保护的复合物
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于表面保护的复合物(compound，混合物)，特别是一种用于木材、或纸、或织物、或塑料的不易燃、防水、无害的杀生物表面保护的复合物，其含有硅酸盐的水溶液。
背景技术
从当前技术，已知多种用于木材保护的涂层，它们在组合物的预期用途方面有所不同。最简单的化合物存在于仅用于木材表面终饰的涂层中，它仅保护免受机械和化学影响，并用于装饰美化。更高质量的涂层还防止大气影响、水、UV辐射等。提供全面木材保护的涂层还含有附加的特殊添加剂，如杀生物剂、UV吸收剂、阻燃剂等。涂层中颜料的量也对传输的辐射量起着很大的作用，导致木材变黄和变褐，并且再加上水的作用，变灰。
从专利文献KR101905682已知一种用于木材的自熄复合物，其含有二磷酸钠、尿素、磷酸和硼砂。这些物质易溶于水，同时缺点是有可能用水冲洗木材涂层，对周围金属材料甚至木材本身有腐蚀作用、有毒性、效率相对较低且使用寿命有限，难以修复。
从实用新型UA92979已知一种含有磷酸氢铵、硫酸铵和氟化钠的混合物。这些物质又可溶于水，因此具有与先前复合物相同的缺点。
从专利文献CS111175已知一种基于聚丙烯酸酯分散体的木材涂层，其具有防腐作用。它最大的缺点是易燃。
从专利文献CS123593中已知的木材涂层也是易燃的。这种涂层旨在抵御霉菌、真菌，并且基于氯萘。
从上述现有技术可以清楚地看出，现有技术的主要缺点是，虽然有阻燃剂和对其它可能的木材损害(例如霉菌或真菌)有作用的试剂，但没有可以将这两种特性结合起来的试剂。
本发明的目的是用于木材防火的复合物的组成，其也将是其无害的杀生物表面保护，并且对于纸、或织物、或塑料的保护将具有相同的保护特性。
发明内容
通过一种表面保护复合物，特别是一种用于木材或纸或织物或塑料的不易燃、防水、无害的杀生物表面保护的复合物，在很大程度上消除了上述缺点并且实现了本发明的目的，所述复合物含有根据本发明的硅酸盐水溶液，其特征在于它含有93至98wt％的硅酸钾水溶液、1至6wt％的氢氧化铝、0.5至1.5wt％的硅酸钾水溶液的稳定剂。优点是用该复合物处理的表面具有优异的耐火性，同时具有优异的细胞抑制性能。另一个优点是该复合物含有纯无机来源的组分，其对生态和健康无害，即使在火和高温的情况下长期暴露也不会释放任何有害的气体、液体或固体产物。
有利的是，表面保护复合物还包含1至3wt％的炭黑水溶液，而最大有利的是水溶液含有25wt％的炭黑。在复合物中使用炭黑的优点是表面不会暴露在大气中的氧气中，因此它们不会表现为易燃颗粒，相反，它具有阻燃剂的作用。在燃烧过程中，它们捕获新出现的自由基，从而显著减慢燃烧。同时，它们充当碳化成核剂，捕获产生的灰分，从而加速形成连续的碳壳，保护木材表面免受火焰影响，同时减少产生的由飞灰和炭黑组成的烟雾含量。
进一步大为有利的是，硅酸钾水溶液具有在1650至1670kg/m3范围内的密度并且氧化硅与氧化钾的摩尔质量比在1.67至1.73范围内。在这种有利的硅酸钾溶液浓度下，可以实现优异的木材吸收性，从而使复合物渗透到木材中的深度至高达6mm。
此外，硅酸钾水溶液的稳定剂是亲水性烷氧基烷基铵盐也是有利的。
根据本发明的复合物的主要优点是用该复合物处理的表面具有优异的耐火性，同时具有优异的细胞抑制特性。该复合物还具有优异的粘合和密封效果，因此完美地包裹木纤维。硬化后，表面可渗透蒸汽，去除最初残留的湿气(moisture，水分)或可能渗入木材的湿气。硬化后，该复合物还具有防水性，并且在完全干燥的木材上使用后，物体的体积不会改变。同时，上述带来了优异的杀菌性能，因为该复合物填充了木材的多孔物质，防止生物体渗透到木材中。一个有利的特性也是非常好地防护UV辐射，UV辐射与湿气一起导致木材变灰。即使在不发生燃烧的深度处，所产生的层也用作灭火器，并且在其中减缓热解区域及其下方的所有分解过程。它还抑制了木材中没有自由空间进入的气体的形成。同时，根据本发明的复合物的一大优点是吸收性塑料，例如泡沫、土工织物和毛毡，也可以被浸渍。以这种方式处理的织物可以进一步包裹在例如电缆或布线分配管中，这些管子必须采取防火措施。同样有利的是，复合物处理的表面保留了木材的外观并防止由于降解而导致的颜色变化，并且可以应用于所有种类的木质构件以及木质建筑构件和OSB面板。
具体实施方式
本发明的性能实施例
实施例1
用于木材的不易燃、防水、无害的杀生物表面保护的复合物含有93wt％的硅酸钾水溶液、6wt％的氢氧化铝和1wt％的硅酸钾水溶液的稳定剂。
硅酸钾水溶液的密度为1670kg/m3并且氧化硅与氧化钾的摩尔质量比为1.73。
硅酸钾水溶液的稳定剂是亲水性烷氧基烷基铵盐，为98％的N,N,N',N'-四(2-羟丙基)乙二胺水溶液的形式。
所得复合物旨在用于不易燃无色木材浸渍。
实施例2
用于木材的不易燃、防水、无害的杀生物表面保护的复合物，含有95wt％的硅酸钾水溶液、1wt％的氢氧化铝、1wt％的硅酸钾水溶液的稳定剂和3wt％的炭黑水溶液。
硅酸钾水溶液的密度为1650kg/m3并且氧化硅与氧化钾的摩尔质量比为1.67。
硅酸钾水溶液的稳定剂是亲水性烷氧基烷基铵盐，为98％的N,N,N',N'-四(2-羟丙基)乙二胺水溶液的形式。
所得复合物旨在用于木材的不易燃杀生物浸渍。
实施例3
用于木材、或纸、或织物、或塑料的不易燃、防水、无害的杀生物表面保护的复合物，含有97wt％的硅酸钾水溶液、2wt％的氢氧化铝和1wt％的硅酸钾水溶液的稳定剂。
硅酸钾水溶液的密度为1655kg/m3，并且氧化硅与氧化钾的摩尔质量比在1.70的范围内。
硅酸钾水溶液的稳定剂是亲水性烷氧基烷基铵盐，为98％的N,N,N',N'-四(2-羟丙基)乙二胺水溶液的形式。
所得复合物专门用于纸制品的不易燃无色杀生物无色浸渍。
实施例4
用于织物或塑料的不易燃、防水、无害的杀生物表面保护的复合物含有93wt％的硅酸钾水溶液、3wt％的氢氧化铝、1wt％的硅酸钾水溶液的稳定剂和3wt％的碳黑水溶液。
硅酸钾水溶液的密度为1660kg/m3，并且氧化硅与氧化钾的摩尔质量比为1.71。
炭黑水溶液含有25wt％的炭黑。
硅酸钾水溶液的稳定剂是亲水性烷氧基烷基铵盐，为98％的N,N,N',N'-四(2-羟丙基)乙二胺水溶液的形式。
所得复合物旨在用于织物和塑料的不易燃浸渍。
实施例5
用于织物或塑料的不易燃、防水、无害的杀生物表面保护的复合物含有97wt％的硅酸钾水溶液、1wt％的氢氧化铝、1wt％的硅酸钾水溶液的稳定剂和1wt％的炭黑水溶液。
硅酸钾水溶液的密度为1650kg/m3，并且氧化硅与氧化钾的摩尔质量比为1.69。
炭黑水溶液含有25wt％的炭黑。
硅酸钾水溶液的稳定剂是亲水性烷氧基烷基铵盐，为98％的N,N,N',N'-四(2-羟丙基)乙二胺水溶液的形式。
所得复合物旨在用于织物和塑料的不易燃浸渍。
实施例6
用于织物或塑料的不易燃、防水、无害的杀生物表面保护的复合物含有96wt％的硅酸钾水溶液、2wt％的氢氧化铝、1wt％的硅酸钾水溶液的稳定剂和1wt％的炭黑水溶液。
硅酸钾水溶液的密度为1660kg/m3，并且氧化硅与氧化钾的摩尔质量比为1.7。
炭黑水溶液含有25wt％的炭黑。
硅酸钾水溶液的稳定剂是亲水性烷氧基烷基铵盐，为98％的N,N,N',N'-四(2-羟丙基)乙二胺水溶液的形式。
所得复合物旨在用于织物和塑料的不易燃浸渍。
工业应用
根据本发明的表面保护复合物可特别用于木材、或纸、或织物、或塑料的不易燃、防水、无害的杀生物表面保护，也可以是表面保护软PUR泡沫、橡胶或土工织物。

Claims (6)

1.一种表面保护复合物，特别是用于木材、或纸、或织物、或塑料的不易燃、防水的杀生物表面保护的复合物，所述复合物含有硅酸盐水溶液，其特征在于所述复合物含有93至98wt％的硅酸钾水溶液、1至6wt％的氢氧化铝和0.5至1.5wt％的所述硅酸钾水溶液的稳定剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的表面保护复合物，其特征在于所述复合物还含有1至3wt％的炭黑水溶液。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的表面保护复合物，其特征在于所述硅酸钾水溶液具有在1650至1670kg/m3范围内的密度。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的表面保护复合物，其特征在于所述硅酸钾水溶液具有在1.67至1.73范围内的氧化硅与氧化钾的摩尔质量比。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的表面保护复合物，其特征在于炭黑水溶液含有25wt％的炭黑。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的表面保护复合物，其特征在于所述硅酸钾水溶液的稳定剂是亲水性烷氧基烷基铵盐。
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