CN114047179B - Suspected contaminated area soil organic matter detection method and detection device - Google Patents
Suspected contaminated area soil organic matter detection method and detection device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114047179B CN114047179B CN202111130136.0A CN202111130136A CN114047179B CN 114047179 B CN114047179 B CN 114047179B CN 202111130136 A CN202111130136 A CN 202111130136A CN 114047179 B CN114047179 B CN 114047179B
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000004016 soil organic matter Substances 0.000 title claims description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 141
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 54
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 49
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000012086 standard solution Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005527 soil sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- IMBKASBLAKCLEM-UHFFFAOYSA-L ferrous ammonium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O IMBKASBLAKCLEM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1,10]phenanthroline Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- PTKRHFQQMJPPJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium;oxido-(oxido(dioxo)chromio)oxy-dioxochromium;sulfuric acid Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OS(O)(=O)=O.[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O PTKRHFQQMJPPJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002372 labelling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 claims 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012864 cross contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009916 joint effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009191 jumping Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011895 specific detection Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
- G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
- G01N21/78—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator producing a change of colour
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for detecting soil organic matters in suspected pollution areas, wherein soil samples with different depths are firstly sampled by a method of random point distribution of a system; then a long-distance long-acting heat preservation device for the soil sample to be detected is adopted for preservation, and the soil sample is sent to a laboratory as soon as possible; then air-drying, sieving and grinding the soil sample through an air-drying device and a sieving and grinding device; finally, respectively setting a sample group and a blank group, and obtaining the organic matter content through calculation; the soil sample is preserved by the heat preservation device, so that unstable components which are easy to decompose or volatilize during transportation are protected; the soil sample is air-dried and fully ground through the air-drying device and the screening grinding device, so that the subsequent detection operation is facilitated; the organic matter content was calculated by measuring the consumption of the solvent by setting a blank control experiment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of soil detection, in particular to a method and a device for detecting soil organic matters in suspected pollution areas.
Background
The soil environment monitoring determines the environment quality (or pollution degree) and the change trend thereof by measuring the representative value of factors influencing the soil environment quality, and the existing soil detection equipment is various and has complete functions, can realize soil collection and can perform on-site detection on some monitoring projects, but samples of unstable components such as easy decomposition or easy volatilization need to be stored at low temperature and sent to a laboratory for analysis and test as soon as possible, so that a specific detection method and a corresponding detection device are needed for laboratory soil sample detection.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a suspected contaminated area soil organic matter detection method and a detection device, which ensure the accuracy of laboratory soil detection.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the above purpose, the method and the device for detecting the organic matters in the soil in the suspected pollution area provided by the invention comprise the following steps:
Step A, soil sample collection: firstly, grid dividing is carried out on a suspected pollution area through random point distribution of a system to form a plurality of detection units, and a plurality of sampling points are randomly arranged in each detection unit; then, soil sampling with different depths is carried out on each sampling point through a soil sampling device;
Step B, soil pretreatment: firstly, registering, labeling and classifying the collected soil samples, then adopting a long-distance long-acting heat preservation device for the soil samples to be detected for preservation, and sending the soil samples to a laboratory as soon as possible; then, air-drying the soil sample in a laboratory through an air-drying device, and finally screening and grinding the soil sample by a screening and grinding device to obtain a sample to be measured for later use;
Step C, setting a sample group: firstly, weighing an air-dried sample subjected to grinding and screening, putting the air-dried sample into a test tube, dripping a drop of strong oxidant into the test tube through a burette, shaking the test tube uniformly, heating the test tube by using a metal bath to boil the test tube, cooling the test tube, starting timing from the boiling, keeping the non-boiling state of the solution in the test tube, heating the test tube at a constant temperature for about five minutes, taking out the test tube for a moment, adding water to prepare a solution to be tested, adding an indicator, finally titrating the rest strong oxidant through a standard solution, and measuring the consumption volume of the standard solution by observing the color change;
Wherein the strong oxidant adopts potassium dichromate sulfuric acid solution, the indicator adopts phenanthroline indicator, the standard solution adopts ferrous ammonium sulfate standard solution, and the solution to be measured is controlled at 50-60ml;
Step D, setting a blank group: firstly, the method is different from the step C, quartz sand is weighed, and then other steps are the same as the step C;
step E, calculating the organic matter content: organic matter (%) =c (V0-V) 100/m;
wherein, V0: blank group consumes standard solution volume of ferrous ammonium sulfate, ml; v: the sample group consumes the volume of the standard solution of ferrous ammonium sulfate, ml; c: concentration of ferrous ammonium acid standard solution, mol/l; m: air-dried sample mass, g.
Further, in step C, specific: the bath hot metal is first heated to 185-190 ℃ and the temperature is reduced to 170-180 ℃ when the in-tube solution boils.
Further, the soil sampling device comprises an outer cylinder body and an inner rod body, wherein the outer cylinder body is a hollow cylinder, and the inner rod body is a round rod; the inner rod body is inserted into the hollow cavity channel; the bottom end of the inner rod body is provided with a sampling drill bit; an annular sampling groove which is concave along the radial direction of the inner rod body is formed above the sampling drill bit of the inner rod body, the annular sampling groove and the hollow cavity channel are matched to form a closed space, and a sampling blade in a space spiral shape is arranged in the annular sampling groove;
A screw hole is formed in the opening at the upper end of the hollow cavity channel, and a screw rod section matched with the screw hole is arranged at the upper end of the inner rod body;
the top end of the inner rod body is provided with a first rotating handle, and the first rotating handle and the inner rod body are combined to be T-shaped; the top of outer barrel is provided with the second and rotates the handle, the second rotates the handle with outer barrel combination is the T word form.
Further, two ends of the second rotating handle are provided with jacks, fixed inserted rods are inserted into the jacks, and the lower ends of the fixed inserted rods are conical;
The sampling drill bit is conical, the tip end of the sampling drill bit is downward, the radius of the upper bottom of the sampling drill bit is the same as the radius of the outer barrel wall of the outer barrel body, and a spiral groove is formed in the side conical surface of the sampling drill bit;
The junction of sampling drill bit with annular sampling groove is provided with the transition round platform, the lower bottom radius of transition round platform with the urceolus wall radius of urceolus body equals, the upper bottom radius of transition round platform with the radius of cavity way equals, the lower extreme opening part of cavity way be provided with transition round platform matched with chamfer structure.
Further, the long-distance long-acting heat preservation device for the soil sample to be detected comprises a heat preservation box, wherein a heat preservation chamber with a regular hexagon is arranged in the heat preservation box, and the cross section of the heat preservation chamber is the regular hexagon;
A six-way separation frame is arranged in the heat preservation chamber; the six-direction separation frame comprises six first separation plates which are arrayed in a circumferential equiangular manner, the six first separation plates are identical in shape, the six first separation plates are vertical plate bodies, and one ends of the six first separation plates are connected into a whole; the six-way separation frame equally divides the heat preservation chamber into six regular triangle containing units;
Each accommodating unit is internally provided with a three-way separation frame; the three-way separation frame comprises three second separation plates which are arrayed in a circumferential equiangular manner, the three second separation plates have the same structure and shape, the three second separation plates are vertical plate bodies, and one ends of the three second separation plates are connected into a whole; the three-way separation frame equally divides the accommodating unit into three quadrilateral accommodating grids;
Sample containers, typically glass bottles, containing soil samples are correspondingly placed in the accommodating compartments; a cavity is formed in each second partition board, an ice bag is placed in each cavity, and an opening for placing the ice bag is formed in the upper end of each cavity;
The outer wall of the heat preservation box is circular, and a circular box cover is arranged above the heat preservation box; the inner side of the lower end of the box cover is screwed with the upper end of the outer wall of the insulation box relatively through a thread structure.
Further, a portable bracket is arranged on the outer side of the heat preservation box; the portable bracket comprises a bearing plate and a lifting rod; the bearing plate is a horizontal circular plate, two vertical rods are oppositely arranged on the bearing plate, a long strip groove which is transversely penetrated and vertically extends is arranged above the vertical rods, a separating opening is formed in one side of the long strip groove, and the separating opening is arranged in the vertical middle position of the long strip groove; the lifting rod is horizontally arranged, and annular concave clamping grooves are respectively formed in two ends of the lifting rod; the lifting rod is a round rod, the width of the strip groove is larger than the diameter of the annular clamping groove, and the diameter of the strip groove is smaller than the diameter of the lifting rod; the lifting rod is clamped in the strip groove through the annular clamping groove;
at least two heat preservation boxes are stacked on the bearing plate; two sliding grooves are oppositely formed in the outer wall of the heat insulation box; the two sliding grooves are vertically matched with the two vertical rods in a sliding way respectively;
Two inwards concave hanging lug grooves are oppositely formed in the outer wall of the heat insulation box;
A concave handle groove is formed above the box cover, and a rotatable handle is arranged in the handle groove;
The six-way separation frame is vertically and slidably connected with the inner wall of the heat preservation chamber, and can be slidably pulled out relative to the heat preservation chamber; the three-way separation frame is vertically connected with the six-way separation frame in a sliding manner, and the three-way separation frame can be pulled out in a sliding manner relative to the six-way separation frame.
Further, the air drying device comprises a bracket, wherein an air drying disc is horizontally arranged on the bracket, and the air drying disc horizontally rotates under the drive of a first motor; a transverse rotating shaft is arranged on one side of the bracket, the transverse rotating shaft is driven to rotate by a second motor, and a plurality of soil turning blades are arranged on the transverse rotating shaft; the soil turning blade is correspondingly positioned above the air drying disc;
The soil turning blade is a fan-shaped blade which is obliquely arranged; the soil turning blades are divided into a plurality of left oblique blade rows and a plurality of right oblique blade rows; the inclination directions of the soil turning blades in the left oblique blade row and the right oblique blade row are opposite; the soil turning blades of the left oblique blade row and the right oblique blade row are respectively arranged at equal intervals along the axial direction of the transverse rotating shaft, and a plurality of left oblique blade rows and a plurality of right oblique blade rows are staggered along the circumferential direction of the transverse rotating shaft;
The soil turning blades on the left oblique blade row and the right oblique blade row which are adjacent to each other are staggered in the axial direction of the transverse rotating shaft; and the projections of the soil turning blades on the left oblique blade row and the right oblique blade row which are adjacent to each other along the axial direction of the transverse rotating shaft are provided with overlapping parts.
Further, the bracket comprises a bottom plate, two vertical plates are oppositely arranged on the bottom plate, and a transverse plate is arranged between the two vertical plates; an annular groove is formed in the upper surface of the transverse plate, and an annular block in running fit with the annular groove is arranged at the bottom of the air drying disc; a connecting column is arranged at the center of the air drying disc, and a connecting shaft hole which is vertically communicated is arranged on the connecting column; the first motor is fixedly arranged on the bottom plate, an output shaft of the first motor is upwards arranged, a stable support for fixing the first motor is arranged on the bottom plate, and the output shaft of the first motor is in running fit with a rotating hole on the stable support; a connecting shaft block is arranged on the output shaft of the first motor, and a connecting shaft groove is arranged above the connecting shaft block; the connecting shaft hole and the connecting shaft groove are in plug-in fit with the connecting shaft rod, and the second motor drives the air drying disc to rotate through the connecting shaft rod; a vertical through hole for accommodating the air drying disc is formed in the center of the annular groove;
The upper ends of the two vertical plates are connected through a top plate, a first screw hole is formed in the center of the top plate, a rotating block is connected in the first screw hole in a threaded manner, and a thread structure in threaded fit with the first screw hole is arranged in the side direction of the rotating block; a circular groove is formed below the rotating block, a circular block is arranged at the upper end of the connecting shaft rod, and the circular block is horizontally matched with the circular groove in a rotating way;
A vertical sliding clamping rail is arranged on one side of the vertical plate, a side plate is arranged in a sliding manner in the sliding clamping rail, and the first motor is fixed on one side, far away from the vertical plate, of the side plate; the lower end of the side plate is provided with an adjusting block; a transverse clamping block is arranged below the sliding clamping rail; a rotatable vertical screw rod is clamped in the transverse clamping block; a rotary clamping hole is formed in the transverse clamping block, and a rotary clamping ring is correspondingly arranged on the vertical screw rod; the vertical screw rod is in threaded fit with a second screw hole on the adjusting block, and when the vertical screw rod rotates, the side plate is driven to vertically lift;
the vertical plate is provided with a strip hole for accommodating the transverse rotating shaft;
The support is provided with a plurality of air-drying discs in vertical arrangement, is provided with a plurality of transverse plates of placing the air-drying disc between two risers, and soil turning blades are all disposed above every air-drying disc.
Further, the screening and grinding device comprises an upper cylinder body, a lower cylinder body and an outer cover body; the upper cylinder body and the lower cylinder body are hollow cylinder-shaped;
The upper cylinder opening of the upper cylinder is a feed inlet, and a crushing mechanism, a first sieve plate and a grinding mechanism are sequentially arranged in the upper cylinder from top to bottom; the second sieve plate and the collecting box are sequentially arranged in the lower cylinder from top to bottom; the screen mesh radius of the first screen plate is larger than the screen mesh radius of the second screen plate; the lower cylinder opening of the upper cylinder is correspondingly buckled with the upper cylinder opening of the lower cylinder, and soil falls into the lower cylinder after being ground by the grinding mechanism in the upper cylinder;
The outer wall of the lower end of the lower cylinder body is provided with a fixed plate; the upper end of the outer cover body is provided with a pressing plate, the pressing plate is correspondingly pressed on the upper end face of the upper cylinder body, and the lower end of the outer cover body and the fixing plate are relatively fixed through a clamping piece;
The outer cover body comprises a pressing plate, the pressing plate is round, and a containing groove for containing the supporting plate and the motor is reserved in the center of the pressing plate;
The buckling piece comprises a connecting rod which is vertically arranged, a knob is arranged at the upper end of the connecting rod, and a transverse clamping rod is arranged at the lower end of the connecting rod; the connecting rod is in running fit with a rotating hole arranged on the foot supporting plate, a clamping hole matched with the clamping rod is formed in the fixing plate, and the clamping hole is formed by communicating an upper strip-shaped hole with a lower round hole;
The collecting box is correspondingly arranged in the drawing opening, and can be conveniently taken out through the drawing opening; the collecting box is square and is convenient to draw out from the drawing port;
The lower nozzle of the upper cylinder is provided with an annular clamping groove, and the upper nozzle of the lower cylinder is provided with an annular clamping block matched with the annular clamping groove.
Further, the crushing mechanism comprises a crushing blade arranged on the rotating shaft, and the grinding mechanism comprises a grinding disc arranged on the rotating shaft; the crushing blade and the grinding disc are respectively positioned at the upper side and the lower side of the first sieve plate; the rotating shaft is vertically arranged, and a through hole for accommodating the rotating shaft to vertically pass through is formed in the center of the first sieve plate; the upper cylinder opening of the upper cylinder is provided with a supporting plate, the supporting plate is horizontally arranged, and the supporting plate is provided with a motor for driving the rotating shaft to rotate;
the grinding disc is conical with the tip end facing downwards, a conical grinding surface matched with the grinding disc for grinding is arranged in the upper cylinder body, and the conical surface of the grinding disc is separated from the conical grinding surface by a gap; the upper end of the millstone is also provided with a conical block for dispersing soil, and the tip end of the conical block faces upwards.
The beneficial effects are that: according to the method and the device for detecting the soil organic matters in the suspected pollution area, soil samples with different depths are accurately and conveniently obtained through the soil sampling device; the soil sample is preserved by the heat preservation device, so that unstable components which are easy to decompose or volatilize and the like in the transportation process are protected, and the influence of cross contamination among samples and other interference factors is avoided; the soil sample is air-dried and fully ground through the air-drying device and the screening grinding device, so that the subsequent detection operation is facilitated; the organic matter content was calculated by measuring the consumption of the solvent by setting a blank control experiment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a method block diagram of a detection method;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a soil sampling apparatus;
FIG. 3 is an exploded view of the soil sampling device;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the incubator and portable rack and a combined installation diagram;
FIG. 5 is an internal structural diagram and an exploded view of the incubator;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an air drying apparatus;
FIG. 7 is an exploded view of the air drying apparatus;
FIG. 8 is an external block diagram of a screening mill;
FIG. 9 is an exploded view of a screening mill;
Fig. 10 is an internal structural view of the screening and grinding apparatus.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The method and the device for detecting the organic matters in the soil in the suspected contaminated area, as shown in the accompanying drawings 1-10, comprise the following steps:
Step A, soil sample collection: firstly, grid dividing is carried out on a suspected pollution area through random point distribution of a system to form a plurality of detection units, and a plurality of sampling points are randomly arranged in each detection unit; then, soil sampling with different depths is carried out on each sampling point through a soil sampling device;
Step B, soil pretreatment: firstly, registering, labeling and classifying the collected soil samples, then adopting a long-distance long-acting heat preservation device for the soil samples to be detected for preservation, and sending the soil samples to a laboratory as soon as possible; then, air-drying the soil sample in a laboratory through an air-drying device, and finally screening and grinding the soil sample by a screening and grinding device to obtain a sample to be measured for later use;
Step C, setting a sample group: firstly, weighing an air-dried sample subjected to grinding and screening, putting the air-dried sample into a test tube, dripping a drop of strong oxidant into the test tube through a burette, shaking the test tube uniformly, heating the test tube by using a metal bath to boil the test tube, cooling the test tube, starting timing from the boiling, keeping the non-boiling state of the solution in the test tube, heating the test tube at a constant temperature for about five minutes, taking out the test tube for a moment, adding water to prepare a solution to be tested, adding an indicator, finally titrating the rest strong oxidant through a standard solution, and measuring the consumption volume of the standard solution by observing the color change;
Wherein the strong oxidant adopts potassium dichromate sulfuric acid solution, the indicator adopts phenanthroline indicator, the standard solution adopts ferrous ammonium sulfate standard solution, and the solution to be measured is controlled at 50-60ml;
Step D, setting a blank group: firstly, the method is different from the step C, quartz sand is weighed, and then other steps are the same as the step C;
step E, calculating the organic matter content: organic% = c V0-V100/m;
Wherein, V0: blank group consumes standard solution volume of ferrous ammonium sulfate, ml; v: the sample group consumes the volume of the standard solution of ferrous ammonium sulfate, ml; c: concentration of ferrous ammonium acid standard solution, mol/l; m: air-dried sample mass, g.
In step C, specific: the bath hot metal is first heated to 185-190 ℃ and the temperature is reduced to 170-180 ℃ when the in-tube solution boils.
The soil sampling device comprises an outer cylinder body 1 and an inner rod body 2, wherein the outer cylinder body 1 is a hollow cylinder, and the inner rod body 2 is a round rod; the inner part of the outer cylinder body 1 is provided with a vertical hollow cavity channel 3, the cross section of the hollow cavity channel 3 is round, and the inner rod body 2 is inserted into the hollow cavity channel 3; the bottom end of the inner rod body 2 is provided with a sampling drill bit 4, and the sampling drill bit 4 facilitates the insertion of the outer cylinder body 1 and the inner rod body 2 into soil; an annular sampling groove 5 which is concave along the radial direction of the inner rod body 2 is arranged above the sampling drill bit 4 of the inner rod body 2, the annular sampling groove 5 and the hollow cavity channel 3 are matched to form a closed space to contain collected soil samples, a space spiral sampling blade 6 is arranged in the annular sampling groove 5, and the space spiral sampling blade 6 can roll soil into the annular sampling groove 5 in the rotating process;
A screw hole 7 is formed in the opening at the upper end of the hollow cavity channel 3, a screw rod section 8 matched with the screw hole 7 is arranged at the upper end of the inner rod body 2, and the inner rod body 2 can rotate relative to the outer cylinder body 1 and vertically move relative to the outer cylinder body 1 through the matching of the screw hole 7 and the screw rod section 8;
The top end of the inner rod body 2 is provided with a first rotating handle 9, the first rotating handle 9 and the inner rod body 2 are combined to be T-shaped, and the first rotating handle 9 facilitates the inner rod body 2 to rotate relative to the outer cylinder body 1; the top of the outer cylinder body 1 is provided with a second rotating handle 10, the second rotating handle 10 and the outer cylinder body 1 are combined to be T-shaped, and the second rotating handle 10 is convenient to rotate to insert the outer cylinder body 1 into soil.
The two ends of the second rotating handle 10 are provided with inserting holes 11, fixed inserting rods 12 are inserted into the inserting holes 11, the lower ends of the fixed inserting rods 12 are conical, the outer cylinder 1 can be fixed on the ground through the fixed inserting rods 12, and the outer cylinder 1 is prevented from rotating along with the rotation of the inner rod body 2;
The sampling drill bit 4 is conical, the tip end of the sampling drill bit 4 is downward, the radius of the upper bottom of the sampling drill bit 4 is the same as the radius of the outer barrel wall of the outer barrel 1, and a spiral groove 13 is formed in the side conical surface of the sampling drill bit 4, so that the outer barrel 1 can be conveniently inserted into soil;
The junction of the sampling drill 4 and the annular sampling groove 5 is provided with a transition round table 14, the radius of the lower bottom of the transition round table 14 is equal to the radius of the outer barrel wall of the outer barrel 1, the radius of the upper bottom of the transition round table 14 is equal to the radius of the hollow cavity channel 3, and the opening of the lower end of the hollow cavity channel 3 is provided with a chamfer structure 15 matched with the transition round table 14; after the sampling blade 6 rolls the soil into the annular sampling groove 5, the inner rod body 2 moves upwards, at the moment, part of the soil can leave the annular sampling groove 5 along the side cambered surface of the transition round table 14, so that a large amount of soil is prevented from being clamped between the upper bottom of the sampling drill bit 4 and the lower end surface of the outer cylinder body 1, and the annular sampling groove 5 can be better retracted into the hollow cavity channel 3; the arrangement of the chamfer structure 15 can enable the joint effect of the transition round table 14 and the lower end of the outer cylinder body 1 to be better;
The working mode of the soil sampling device is as follows: firstly, the outer cylinder 1 is inserted into soil with corresponding depth, and then the fixed inserted rod 12 is inserted into the insertion holes 11 at the two ends of the second rotating handle 10, so that the outer cylinder 1 is fixed; then the first rotating handle 9 is rotated to enable the inner rod body 2 to rotate and move downwards relative to the outer cylinder body 1, so that the annular sampling groove 5 below the inner rod body 2 is separated from the hollow cavity channel 3, and the space spiral sampling blades 6 in the annular sampling groove 5 can roll soil samples into the annular sampling groove 5 in the rotating process; then the first rotating handle 9 is reversely rotated, so that the inner rod body 2 rotates and moves upwards relative to the outer cylinder body 1, the soil sample rolled into the annular sampling groove 5 is collected into the hollow cavity 3, and finally the fixed inserted rod 12 and the outer cylinder body 1 are sequentially pulled out, so that the soil sample with corresponding depth can be obtained.
The long-distance long-acting heat preservation device for the soil sample to be detected comprises a heat preservation box 21, wherein a heat preservation chamber 22 with a regular hexagon is arranged in the heat preservation box 21, and the cross section of the heat preservation chamber 22 is the regular hexagon;
a six-way separation frame 23 is arranged in the heat preservation chamber 22; the six-way separation frame 23 comprises six first separation plates 24 which are arrayed in a circumferential equiangular manner, the six first separation plates 24 have the same shape, the six first separation plates 24 are vertical plate bodies, and one ends of the six first separation plates 24 are connected into a whole; the six-way partition frame 23 equally divides the heat preservation chamber 22 into six regular triangle-shaped containing units 25;
Each containing unit 25 is provided with a three-way separator 26, respectively; the structure of the three-way separation frame 26 is shown in fig. 5, the three-way separation frame 26 comprises three second separation plates 27 which are arrayed at equal angles in a circumferential direction, the three second separation plates 27 have the same structure and shape, the three second separation plates 27 are vertical plate bodies, and one ends of the three second separation plates 27 are connected into a whole; the three-way separator 26 equally divides the accommodating unit 25 into three quadrangular accommodating cells 28;
a sample container 29 containing a soil sample is correspondingly placed in the accommodating compartment 28, and the sample container 29 is usually a glass bottle; a cavity 30 is arranged in each second partition plate 27, an ice bag 31 is arranged in each cavity 30, and an opening for placing the ice bag 31 is arranged at the upper end of each cavity 30;
The outer wall of the insulation box 21 is circular, a circular box cover 32 is arranged above the insulation box 21, and the box cover 32 is used for sealing the insulation box 21; the inner side of the lower end of the box cover 32 is screwed with the upper end of the outer wall of the insulation box 21 relatively through a screw structure.
A portable bracket 33 is arranged outside the heat preservation box 21; the portable bracket 33 comprises a bearing plate 34 and a lifting rod 35; as shown in fig. 4, the supporting plate 34 is a horizontal circular plate, two vertical rods 36 are oppositely arranged on the supporting plate 34, a long strip groove 37 which is transversely penetrated and vertically extends is arranged above the vertical rods 36, a separating opening 38 is arranged at one side of the long strip groove 37, and the separating opening 38 is arranged at the vertical middle position of the long strip groove 37; the lifting rod 35 is horizontally arranged, and both ends of the lifting rod 35 are respectively provided with an inwards concave annular clamping groove 39; the lifting rod 35 is a round rod, the width of the strip groove 37 is larger than the diameter of the annular clamping groove 39, and the diameter of the strip groove is smaller than the diameter of the lifting rod 35; the lifting rod 35 is clamped in the strip groove 37 through the annular clamping groove 39; the lifting rod 35 can be separated from the long strip groove 37 through the separation opening 38;
At least two heat preservation boxes 21 are stacked on the supporting plate 34, and a plurality of heat preservation boxes 21 can be conveniently carried by the portable bracket 33; two sliding grooves 40 are oppositely arranged on the outer wall of the heat preservation box 21; the two sliding grooves 40 are respectively matched with the two vertical rods 36 in a vertical sliding way, so that the insulation box 21 can be fixed, and the insulation box 21 is prevented from falling from the portable bracket 33; when the incubator 21 needs to be removed from the portable bracket 33, the lifting rod 35 is taken out from the disengaging opening 38, and then the incubator 21 can be taken out in an upward sliding manner;
When carrying the heat preservation device of the invention to collect soil samples, a plurality of heat preservation boxes 21 can be carried by the portable bracket 33, and the uppermost heat preservation box 21 is in a working state; when the uppermost incubator 21 is filled with the soil sample, the stacking sequence of the incubators 21 can be changed, and an empty incubator 21 is placed at the uppermost end so as to continuously collect the soil sample;
two inwards concave hanging lug grooves 41 are oppositely formed in the outer wall of the heat preservation box 21, and the heat preservation box 21 is conveniently lifted through the hanging lug grooves 41;
A concave handle groove 42 is arranged above the box cover 32, a rotatable handle 43 is arranged in the handle groove 42, the handle 43 can conveniently rotate the box cover 32, and the handle groove 42 enables the surface of the box cover 32 to be relatively flush, so that a plurality of heat preservation boxes 21 are mutually stacked;
The six-way separation frame 23 is vertically and slidably connected with the inner wall of the heat preservation chamber 22, and the six-way separation frame 23 can be slidably pulled out relative to the heat preservation chamber 22; the three-way separation frame 26 is vertically and slidably connected with the six-way separation frame 23, and the three-way separation frame 26 can be slidably pulled out relative to the six-way separation frame 23; the six-way separation frame 23 and the three-way separation frame 26 can be pulled out, so that the interior of the incubator 21 can be conveniently cleaned.
The air drying device comprises a bracket 51, wherein an air drying disc 52 is horizontally arranged on the bracket 51, and the air drying disc 52 horizontally rotates under the drive of a first motor 53; a transverse rotating shaft 54 is arranged on one side of the bracket 51, the transverse rotating shaft 54 is driven to rotate by a second motor 55, and a plurality of soil turning blades 56 are arranged on the transverse rotating shaft 54; the soil turning blade 56 is correspondingly positioned above the air drying disc 52; when soil is placed in the air-drying disc 52, the soil turning blade 56 can turn the soil, and as the air-drying disc 52 can horizontally rotate along with the first motor 53, the soil turning blade 56 can uniformly turn the soil in the air-drying disc 52, so that the air-drying speed of the soil is improved; in addition, the rotation speed of the soil turning blade 56 needs to be controlled in a smaller range, so that the soil is prevented from being splashed by the soil turning blade 56 under the action of inertia;
as shown in fig. 7, the soil turning blade 56 is a fan blade disposed obliquely; the soil turning blades 56 are divided into left oblique blade rows 57 and right oblique blade rows 58; the inclination directions of the earth turning blades 56 in the left and right oblique blade rows 57, 58 are opposite; the soil turning blades 56 of the left oblique blade row 57 and the right oblique blade row 58 are respectively and equidistantly arranged along the axial direction of the transverse rotating shaft 54, and the left oblique blade rows 57 and the right oblique blade rows 58 are staggered along the circumferential direction of the transverse rotating shaft 54, so that the left oblique blade row 57 and the right oblique blade row 58 alternately turn the soil in the air-drying disc 52, and compared with the soil turning blades 56 which are arranged in a single oblique direction, the soil turning effect is better, and dead angles of soil turning can be reduced;
The soil turning blades 56 on the left oblique blade row 57 and the right oblique blade row 58 which are adjacent are staggered in the axial direction of the transverse rotating shaft 54, so that the soil turning range of the soil turning blades 56 is improved, and dead angles of soil turning are further reduced; the projections of the soil turning blades 56 on the left oblique blade row 57 and the right oblique blade row 58 which are adjacent to each other along the axial direction of the transverse rotating shaft 54 have overlapping portions, so that the soil turning blades 56 are always positioned in the soil in the process of rotating the soil turning blades 56, and the working efficiency of the soil turning blades 56 is improved.
The bracket 51 comprises a bottom plate 59, two vertical plates 60 are oppositely arranged on the bottom plate 59, and a transverse plate 61 is arranged between the two vertical plates 60; an annular groove 62 is formed in the upper surface of the transverse plate 61, and an annular block 63 in running fit with the annular groove 62 is arranged at the bottom of the air drying disc 52; a connecting column 64 is arranged at the center of the air drying disc 52, and a connecting shaft hole 65 which is vertically communicated is arranged on the connecting column 64; the first motor 53 is fixedly arranged on the bottom plate 59, an output shaft of the first motor 53 is upwards arranged, a stabilizing support 84 for fixing the first motor 53 is arranged on the bottom plate 59, and the output shaft of the first motor 53 is in running fit with a rotating hole on the stabilizing support 84; a connecting shaft block 66 is arranged on the output shaft of the first motor 53, and a connecting shaft groove 67 is arranged above the connecting shaft block 66; the connecting shaft hole 65 and the connecting shaft groove 67 are in plug-in fit with a connecting shaft rod 68, and the second motor 55 drives the air drying disc 52 to rotate through the connecting shaft rod 68; a vertical through hole 81 for accommodating the air drying tray 52 is arranged at the center of the annular groove 62;
because the second motor 55 drives the air-drying disc 52 to rotate through the connecting shaft hole 65, the connecting shaft groove 67 and the connecting shaft rod 68, the connecting shaft rod 68 can be pulled out from the connecting shaft groove 67, and then the air-drying disc 52 is taken down, so that soil samples are conveniently taken and placed, and the air-drying disc 52 is also conveniently cleaned;
The connecting shaft hole 65, the connecting shaft groove 67 and the connecting shaft rod 68 are square, so that the connecting shaft rod 68 has a transmission function, and the second motor 55 can drive the air drying disc 52 to rotate through the connecting shaft rod 68;
The upper ends of the two vertical plates 60 are connected through a top plate 69, a first screw hole 70 is formed in the center of the top plate 69, a rotating block 71 is connected in the first screw hole 70 in a threaded manner, and a threaded structure in threaded fit with the first screw hole 70 is arranged on the side direction of the rotating block 71; a circular groove 72 is arranged below the rotating block 71, a circular block 73 is arranged at the upper end of the connecting shaft rod 68, and the circular block 73 is horizontally and rotatably matched with the circular groove 72; the rotating block 71 can prop against the upper end of the connecting rod 68, so as to prevent the connecting rod 68 from jumping during the rotation of the second motor 55, and thus the connecting rod 68 can be stably driven; after the rotating block 71 is unscrewed, the connecting rod 68 can be conveniently pulled out of the connecting rod groove 67, so that the air drying disc 52 can be removed;
A vertical sliding clamping rail 74 is arranged on one side of the vertical plate 60, a side plate 75 is arranged in the sliding clamping rail 74 in a sliding manner, and the first motor 53 is fixed on one side, far away from the vertical plate 60, of the side plate 75; as shown in fig. 6, the lower end of the side plate 75 is provided with an adjusting block 76; a transverse clamping block 77 is arranged below the sliding clamping rail 74; a rotatable vertical screw 78 is clamped in the transverse clamping block 77; a rotating clamping hole 83 is formed in the transverse clamping block 77, and a rotating clamping ring 82 is correspondingly arranged on the vertical screw 78, so that the vertical screw 78 is in horizontal rotating fit with the transverse clamping block 77 and is relatively limited in the vertical direction; the vertical screw 78 is in threaded fit with a second screw hole 79 on the adjusting block 76, and when the vertical screw 78 rotates, the side plate 75 is driven to vertically lift, so that the distance between the soil turning blade 56 and the air drying disc 52 is adjusted; when the air-drying disc 52 needs to be removed, the soil turning blade 56 is moved upwards to facilitate the removal of the air-drying disc 52, and when the soil needs to be turned, the soil turning blade 56 is moved downwards to enable the distance between the soil turning blade 56 and the upper surface of the air-drying disc 52 to be as small as possible, so that the turning effect on the soil is improved;
the vertical plate 60 is provided with a strip hole 80 for accommodating the transverse rotating shaft 54, so that the structure is reasonable;
a plurality of air-drying trays 52 are vertically arranged on the bracket 51, a plurality of transverse plates 61 for placing the air-drying trays 52 are arranged between the two vertical plates 60, and a soil turning blade 56 is arranged above each air-drying tray 52; when facing a large amount of soil to be air-dried, the invention has stronger treatment capacity;
The working mode of the air drying device is as follows: soil is put into the air-drying disc, the first motor drives the air-drying disc to rotate, and the second motor drives the soil turning blade to rotate, so that the soil turning blade turns the soil in the air-drying disc.
The screening and grinding device comprises an upper cylinder 91, a lower cylinder 92 and a housing 93; the upper cylinder 91 and the lower cylinder 92 are hollow cylinders;
The upper cylinder mouth of the upper cylinder 91 is a feed inlet 94, and a crushing mechanism, a first sieve plate 95 and a grinding mechanism are sequentially arranged in the upper cylinder 91 from top to bottom; the inside of the lower cylinder 92 is provided with a second sieve plate 96 and a collecting box 97 in sequence from top to bottom; the screen radius of the first screen plate 95 is larger than the screen radius of the second screen plate 96; the lower cylinder mouth of the upper cylinder 91 is correspondingly buckled with the upper cylinder mouth of the lower cylinder 92, and soil falls into the lower cylinder 92 after being ground by a grinding mechanism in the upper cylinder 91;
The outer wall of the lower end of the lower cylinder 92 is provided with a fixed plate 98; the upper end of the outer cover 93 is provided with a pressing plate 99, the pressing plate 99 correspondingly presses the upper end face of the upper cylinder 91, the lower end of the outer cover 93 and the fixing plate 98 are relatively fixed through a clamping piece 100, and the upper cylinder and the lower cylinder are relatively fixed through the outer cover 93;
During operation, the crushing mechanism crushes large soil blocks, the first sieve plate 95 sieves the crushed soil blocks, large impurity particles are sieved, the grinding mechanism grinds the soil after primary sieving, the second sieve plate 96 sieves the ground soil again, and the soil after secondary sieving falls into the collecting box 97;
The outer cover 93 comprises a pressing plate 99, the pressing plate 99 is round, and a containing groove 108 for containing the supporting plate 104 and the motor 105 is reserved in the center of the pressing plate 99; as shown in fig. 8, the pressing plate 99 can correspondingly close the upper cylinder mouth of the upper cylinder 91 to prevent fine soil particles from scattering around when the breaking mechanism breaks up soil blocks; two vertical rods 109 are symmetrically arranged below the pressing plate 99, the two vertical rods 109 are fixedly connected through a plurality of annular supports 110, and the arrangement of the annular supports 110 enables the structure of the whole outer cover 93 to be more stable; foot plates 111 are respectively arranged at the bottom ends of the two vertical rods 109, and the foot plates 111 and the fixing plate 98 are relatively fixed through the clamping pieces 100;
As shown in fig. 8, the buckle 100 includes a vertically disposed connection rod 112, a knob 113 is disposed at an upper end of the connection rod 112, and a transverse clamping rod 114 is disposed at a lower end of the connection rod 112; the connecting rod 112 is in running fit with a rotating hole 115 arranged on the support leg plate 111, a clamping hole 116 matched with the clamping rod 114 is arranged on the fixed plate 98, and the clamping hole 116 is formed by communicating an upper strip-shaped hole 117 with a lower round hole 118; when the clamping piece 100 works, the clamping rod 114 passes through the strip-shaped hole 117 and enters the circular hole 118, and then the knob 113 drives the clamping rod 114 to rotate, so that the relative fixation of the foot support 111 and the fixing plate 98 can be realized;
A drawing port 119 is arranged at one side below the lower cylinder 92, the collection box 97 is correspondingly arranged in the drawing port 119, and the collection box 97 can be conveniently taken out through the drawing port 119; as shown in fig. 9, the collection box 97 is square and is conveniently drawn out from the drawing port 119; the section of the inner cylinder wall of the lower cylinder 92 gradually changes from a round shape to a square shape from top to bottom, so that the soil falling from the second sieve plate 96 can fall into the collecting box 97;
the lower nozzle of the upper cylinder 91 is provided with an annular clamping groove 120, and the upper nozzle of the lower cylinder 92 is provided with an annular clamping block 121 matched with the annular clamping groove 120, so that the laminating effect is better when the upper cylinder 91 and the lower cylinder 92 are fastened relatively.
The crushing mechanism comprises a crushing blade 102 arranged on a rotating shaft 101, and the grinding mechanism comprises a grinding disc 103 arranged on the rotating shaft 101; the crushing blade 102 and the grinding disc 103 are respectively positioned on the upper side and the lower side of the first sieve plate 95; the rotating shaft 101 is vertically arranged, and a through hole for accommodating the rotating shaft 101 to vertically pass through is formed in the center of the first sieve plate 95; a supporting plate 104 is arranged at the upper cylinder opening of the upper cylinder 91, the supporting plate 104 is horizontally arranged, and a motor 105 for driving the rotating shaft 101 to rotate is arranged on the supporting plate 104;
In the invention, the crushing mechanism is the crushing blade 102, and the upper cylinder mouth of the cylinder 91 is the opening, so that the first sieve plate 95 can be cleaned directly; after the outer cover 93 is detached, the upper and lower cylinders can be separated from each other, so that the second sieve plate 96 can be cleaned conveniently;
the grinding disc 103 is conical with the tip downward, a conical grinding surface 106 which is matched with the grinding disc 103 for grinding is arranged in the upper cylinder 91, and the conical surface of the grinding disc 103 is separated from the conical grinding surface 106 in a clearance way so as to grind soil; the upper end of the grinding disc 103 is also provided with a conical block 107 for dispersing soil, the tip of the conical block 107 is upward, and the soil falling from the first screen plate 95 is dispersed around under the action of the conical block 107 and enters a gap between the grinding disc 103 and the conical grinding surface 106;
When the screening and grinding device works, the upper cylinder body is firstly placed on the lower cylinder body, a soil sample to be ground is added from the feeding hole, then the pressing plate of the outer cover body correspondingly seals the feeding hole, and the lower end of the outer cover body and the fixing plate of the outer wall of the lower cylinder body are relatively fixed through the clamping piece; the motor is started to drive the crushing blade and the millstone to work, after the soil grinding and screening are completed, the collecting box is pulled out to obtain soil samples, and the outer cover body is detached to facilitate cleaning of the first screen plate and the second screen plate.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the invention, it being noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that numerous modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention described above, and such modifications and adaptations are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The soil organic matter detection method for the suspected contaminated area is characterized by comprising a soil sampling device, wherein the soil sampling device comprises an outer cylinder body (1) and an inner rod body (2), the outer cylinder body (1) is a hollow cylinder, and the inner rod body (2) is a round rod; the inner rod body (2) is inserted into the hollow cavity channel (3); the bottom end of the inner rod body (2) is provided with a sampling drill bit (4); an annular sampling groove (5) which is concave along the radial direction of the inner rod body (2) is formed above the sampling drill bit (4) of the inner rod body (2), the annular sampling groove (5) and the hollow cavity channel (3) are matched to form a closed space, and a space spiral sampling blade (6) is arranged in the annular sampling groove (5);
The long-distance long-acting heat preservation device for the soil sample to be detected comprises a heat preservation box (21), wherein a heat preservation chamber (22) with a regular hexagon is arranged in the heat preservation box (21), and the cross section of the heat preservation chamber (22) is the regular hexagon;
A six-way separation frame (23) is arranged in the heat preservation chamber (22); the six-direction separation frame (23) comprises six first separation plates (24) which are arrayed at equal angles in the circumferential direction, the six first separation plates (24) are identical in shape, the six first separation plates (24) are vertical plate bodies, and one ends of the six first separation plates (24) are connected into a whole; the six-way separation frame (23) equally divides the heat preservation chamber (22) into six regular triangle containing units (25);
the air drying device comprises a bracket (51), wherein an air drying disc (52) is horizontally arranged on the bracket (51), and the air drying disc (52) horizontally rotates under the drive of a first motor (53); a transverse rotating shaft (54) is arranged on one side of the bracket (51), the transverse rotating shaft (54) is driven to rotate by a second motor (55), and a plurality of soil turning blades (56) are arranged on the transverse rotating shaft (54); the soil turning blade (56) is correspondingly positioned above the air drying disc (52);
The soil turning blade (56) is a fan-shaped blade which is obliquely arranged; the soil turning blades (56) are divided into a plurality of left oblique blade rows (57) and a plurality of right oblique blade rows (58); the inclination directions of the soil turning blades (56) in the left oblique blade row (57) and the right oblique blade row (58) are opposite; the soil turning blades (56) of the left oblique blade row (57) and the right oblique blade row (58) are respectively and equidistantly arranged along the axial direction of the transverse rotating shaft (54), and a plurality of left oblique blade rows (57) and a plurality of right oblique blade rows (58) are staggered along the circumferential direction of the transverse rotating shaft (54);
The screening and grinding device comprises an upper cylinder (91), a lower cylinder (92) and a housing body (93); the upper cylinder body (91) and the lower cylinder body (92) are hollow cylinder shapes;
An upper cylinder opening of the upper cylinder body (91) is a feed inlet (94), and a crushing mechanism, a first sieve plate (95) and a grinding mechanism are sequentially arranged in the upper cylinder body (91) from top to bottom; a second sieve plate (96) and a collecting box (97) are sequentially arranged in the lower cylinder (92) from top to bottom; the screen radius of the first screen plate (95) is larger than the screen radius of the second screen plate (96); the lower cylinder opening of the upper cylinder (91) is correspondingly buckled with the upper cylinder opening of the lower cylinder (92), and soil falls into the lower cylinder (92) after being ground by a grinding mechanism in the upper cylinder (91);
The detection method comprises the following steps:
Step A, soil sample collection: firstly, grid dividing is carried out on a suspected pollution area through random point distribution of a system to form a plurality of detection units, and a plurality of sampling points are randomly arranged in each detection unit; then, soil sampling with different depths is carried out on each sampling point through a soil sampling device;
Step B, soil pretreatment: firstly, registering, labeling and classifying the collected soil samples, then adopting a long-distance long-acting heat preservation device for the soil samples to be detected for preservation, and sending the soil samples to a laboratory as soon as possible; then, air-drying the soil sample in a laboratory through an air-drying device, and finally screening and grinding the soil sample by a screening and grinding device to obtain a sample to be measured for later use;
Step C, setting a sample group: firstly, weighing an air-dried sample subjected to grinding and screening, putting the air-dried sample into a test tube, dripping a drop of strong oxidant into the test tube through a burette, shaking the test tube uniformly, heating the test tube by using a metal bath to boil the test tube, cooling the test tube, starting timing from the boiling, keeping the non-boiling state of the solution in the test tube, heating the test tube at a constant temperature for about five minutes, taking out the test tube for a moment, adding water to prepare a solution to be tested, adding an indicator, finally titrating the rest strong oxidant through a standard solution, and measuring the consumption volume of the standard solution by observing the color change;
Wherein the strong oxidant adopts potassium dichromate sulfuric acid solution, the indicator adopts phenanthroline indicator, the standard solution adopts ferrous ammonium sulfate standard solution, and the solution to be measured is controlled at 50-60ml;
Step D, setting a blank group: firstly, the method is different from the step C, quartz sand is weighed, and then other steps are the same as the step C;
step E, calculating the organic matter content: organic matter (%) =c (V0-V) 100/m;
Wherein, V0: blank group consumes standard solution volume of ferrous ammonium sulfate, ml; v: the sample group consumes the volume of the standard solution of ferrous ammonium sulfate, ml; c: concentration of ferrous ammonium acid standard solution, mol/l; m: air-dried sample mass, g.
2. The method for detecting the organic matter in the soil of the suspected contaminated area according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step C, specific: the bath hot metal is first heated to 185-190 ℃ and the temperature is reduced to 170-180 ℃ when the in-tube solution boils.
3. The method for detecting the organic matter in the soil of the suspected contaminated area according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a screw hole (7) is formed in the opening of the upper end of the hollow cavity channel (3), and a screw rod section (8) matched with the screw hole (7) is arranged at the upper end of the inner rod body (2);
The top end of the inner rod body (2) is provided with a first rotating handle (9), and the first rotating handle (9) and the inner rod body (2) are combined to be T-shaped; the top of the outer cylinder body (1) is provided with a second rotating handle (10), and the second rotating handle (10) and the outer cylinder body (1) are combined to be T-shaped.
4. The method for detecting the organic matter in the soil of the suspected contaminated area according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: each containing unit (25) is respectively provided with a three-way separation frame (26); the three-way separation frame (26) comprises three second separation plates (27) which are arrayed in a circumferential equiangular manner, the three second separation plates (27) are identical in structure and shape, the three second separation plates (27) are vertical plate bodies, and one ends of the three second separation plates (27) are connected into a whole; the three-way separation frame (26) equally divides the accommodating unit (25) into three quadrilateral accommodating grids (28);
A sample container (29) containing a soil sample is correspondingly placed in the accommodating grid (28), and the sample container (29) is usually a glass bottle; a cavity (30) is formed in each second partition plate (27), an ice bag (31) is placed in each cavity (30), and an opening for placing the ice bag (31) is formed in the upper end of each cavity (30);
The outer wall of the heat preservation box (21) is circular, and a circular box cover (32) is arranged above the heat preservation box (21); the inner side of the lower end of the box cover (32) is screwed with the upper end of the outer wall of the insulation box (21) relatively through a thread structure; the outside of the incubator (21) is provided with a portable bracket (33).
5. The method for detecting the organic matter in the soil of the suspected contaminated area according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the bracket (51) comprises a bottom plate (59), two vertical plates (60) are oppositely arranged on the bottom plate (59), and a transverse plate (61) is arranged between the two vertical plates (60); an annular groove (62) is formed in the upper surface of the transverse plate (61), and an annular block (63) in running fit with the annular groove (62) is arranged at the bottom of the air drying disc (52); a connecting column (64) is arranged at the center of the air drying disc (52), and a connecting shaft hole (65) vertically penetrating through the connecting column (64) is formed in the connecting column; the first motor (53) is fixedly arranged on the bottom plate (59), an output shaft of the first motor (53) is upwards arranged, a stabilizing bracket (84) for fixing the first motor (53) is arranged on the bottom plate (59), and the output shaft of the first motor (53) is in running fit with a rotating hole on the stabilizing bracket (84); a connecting shaft block (66) is arranged on the output shaft of the first motor (53), and a connecting shaft groove (67) is arranged above the connecting shaft block (66); the connecting shaft hole (65) and the connecting shaft groove (67) are in plug-in fit with the connecting shaft rod (68), and the second motor (55) drives the air drying disc (52) to rotate through the connecting shaft rod (68); a vertical through hole (81) for accommodating the air drying disc (52) is arranged in the center of the annular groove (62).
6. The method for detecting the organic matter in the soil of the suspected contaminated area according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the clamping piece (100) comprises a connecting rod (112) which is vertically arranged, a knob (113) is arranged at the upper end of the connecting rod (112), and a transverse clamping rod (114) is arranged at the lower end of the connecting rod (112); the connecting rod (112) is in rotary fit with a rotary hole (115) formed in the foot supporting plate (111), a clamping hole (116) matched with the clamping rod (114) is formed in the fixing plate (98), and the clamping hole (116) is formed by communicating an upper strip-shaped hole (117) with a lower round hole (118);
A drawing opening (119) is formed in one side below the lower cylinder body (92), the collecting box (97) is correspondingly arranged in the drawing opening (119), and the collecting box (97) can be conveniently taken out through the drawing opening (119); the collection box (97) is square.
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| CN114778797A (en) * | 2022-04-19 | 2022-07-22 | 江苏国鹰环境科技有限公司 | Method and device for measuring organic matters in soil |
| CN116735543B (en) * | 2023-06-21 | 2024-03-22 | 千代田电子(嘉兴)有限公司 | Nondestructive testing device for fruits and vegetables |
| CN117191878B (en) * | 2023-09-08 | 2024-02-23 | 宁夏昊标检测服务研究院(有限公司) | Soil pH value detection device and detection method |
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| CN103740826A (en) * | 2014-01-08 | 2014-04-23 | 南京大学 | Method for detecting genotoxic potential of heavy metal pollutants in soil |
| CN110108859A (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2019-08-09 | 宿州学院 | A kind of soil ecology pollution detection device and detection method |
| CN211274889U (en) * | 2019-11-30 | 2020-08-18 | 湖北邦之德牧业科技有限公司 | Powder caking breaker |
| CN111257076A (en) * | 2020-02-24 | 2020-06-09 | 重庆中科检测技术服务有限公司 | Pretreatment method for extracting organochlorine pesticide in soil |
| CN111896299A (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2020-11-06 | 徐树建 | Soil environment detects with device that fetches earth |
| CN112504735A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-03-16 | 青岛康环检测科技有限公司 | Soil detection method |
| CN112964529A (en) * | 2021-02-23 | 2021-06-15 | 安徽合大环境检测有限公司 | Device for pretreating volatile soil sample |
| CN113418739A (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2021-09-21 | 赖新国 | Soil sampling device |
| CN216747023U (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2022-06-14 | 浙江亚凯检测科技有限公司 | Air drying device for detecting polluted soil |
| CN216746849U (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2022-06-14 | 浙江亚凯检测科技有限公司 | Different-depth soil sampling device for suspected pollution source pollution area |
| CN216917035U (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2022-07-08 | 青岛康环检测科技有限公司 | Remote long-acting heat preservation device with built-in frozen blue ice for soil sample to be detected |
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