CN114047179A - Method and device for detecting soil organic matters in suspected contaminated area - Google Patents
Method and device for detecting soil organic matters in suspected contaminated area Download PDFInfo
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- CN114047179A CN114047179A CN202111130136.0A CN202111130136A CN114047179A CN 114047179 A CN114047179 A CN 114047179A CN 202111130136 A CN202111130136 A CN 202111130136A CN 114047179 A CN114047179 A CN 114047179A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 132
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000012086 standard solution Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005527 soil sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- IMBKASBLAKCLEM-UHFFFAOYSA-L ferrous ammonium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O IMBKASBLAKCLEM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 3
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1,10]phenanthroline Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940010514 ammonium ferrous sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- PTKRHFQQMJPPJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium;oxido-(oxido(dioxo)chromio)oxy-dioxochromium;sulfuric acid Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OS(O)(=O)=O.[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O PTKRHFQQMJPPJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002372 labelling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012864 cross contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009191 jumping Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004016 soil organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
- G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
- G01N21/78—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator producing a change of colour
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for detecting soil organic matters in a suspected polluted area, which are characterized by firstly sampling soil at different depths by a systematic random point arrangement method; then adopting a long-distance long-acting heat preservation device for preserving the soil sample to be detected, and sending the soil sample to a laboratory as soon as possible; then, air-drying and screening and grinding the soil sample through an air-drying device and a screening and grinding device; finally, respectively setting a sample group and a blank group, and obtaining the content of organic matters through calculation; the soil sample is preserved by the heat preservation device, so that unstable components such as easily decomposed or easily volatilized during transportation are protected; the soil sample is air-dried and fully ground through an air-drying device and a screening and grinding device, so that the subsequent detection operation is facilitated; by setting a blank control experiment, the content of the organic matter is calculated by measuring the consumption of the solvent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of soil detection, in particular to a method and a device for detecting soil organic matters in a suspected polluted area.
Background
Soil environment monitoring determines environment quality (or pollution degree) and change trend thereof by measuring representative values of factors influencing soil environment quality, the existing soil detection equipment is various and complete in function, can realize soil collection and can carry out on-site detection on some monitoring items, but samples of unstable components which are easy to decompose or volatile and the like need to be stored at low temperature and sent to a laboratory for analysis and test as soon as possible, so that the soil sample detection in the laboratory needs to have a targeted detection method and a corresponding detection device.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method and a device for detecting soil organic matters in a suspected polluted area, so that the accuracy of laboratory soil detection is ensured.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the above object, the method and device for detecting soil organic matters in a suspected contaminated area of the invention comprise the following steps:
step A, soil sample collection: firstly, performing grid division on a suspected pollution area through system random distribution to form a plurality of detection units, and randomly setting a plurality of sampling points in each detection unit; then, sampling soil at different depths in each sampling point through a soil sampling device;
step B, soil pretreatment: firstly, registering, labeling and classifying collected soil samples, then preserving the soil samples by adopting a long-distance long-acting heat preservation device for the soil samples to be detected, and sending the soil samples to a laboratory as soon as possible; then, air-drying the soil sample in a laboratory through an air-drying device, and finally, screening and grinding the soil sample by using a screening and grinding device to serve as a sample to be detected for later use;
step C, setting a sample group: firstly, weighing a ground and screened air-dried sample, putting the air-dried sample into a test tube, dropwise adding a drop of strong oxidant through a burette, shaking the sample uniformly, heating the sample by utilizing a metal bath to boil the sample, then cooling the sample, timing from the boiling time, keeping the non-boiling state of the solution in the test tube, heating the solution at constant temperature for about five minutes, then taking out the sample for cooling for a while, adding water to prepare the solution to be measured, adding an indicator, finally titrating the remaining strong oxidant through a standard solution, and measuring the consumption volume of the standard solution by observing the color change;
the strong oxidant adopts a potassium dichromate sulfuric acid solution, the indicator adopts a phenanthroline indicator, the standard solution adopts an ammonium ferrous sulfate standard solution, and the solution to be detected is controlled to be 50-60 ml;
step D, setting a blank group: firstly, different from the step C, weighing quartz sand, and then, the other steps are the same as the step C;
step E, calculating the organic matter content: organic matter (%) ═ c (V0-V) × 100/m;
wherein, V0: the blank group consumes the volume of the standard solution of ferrous ammonium sulfate, ml; v: the sample group consumes the volume of the standard solution of ferrous ammonium sulfate, ml; c: the concentration of the ammonium ferrous acid standard solution is mol/l; m: mass of air dried sample, g.
Further, in step C, specifically: firstly, the bath heat metal is heated to 185-190 ℃, and when the solution in the test tube is boiled, the temperature is reduced to 170-180 ℃.
Furthermore, the soil sampling device comprises an outer cylinder and an inner rod, wherein the outer cylinder is a hollow cylinder, and the inner rod is a round rod; a vertical hollow cavity channel is arranged in the outer cylinder body, the section of the hollow cavity channel is circular, and the inner rod body is inserted in the hollow cavity channel; a sampling drill bit is arranged at the bottom end of the inner rod body; an annular sampling groove which is inwards concave along the radial direction of the inner rod body is arranged above the sampling drill bit of the inner rod body, the annular sampling groove is matched with the middle cavity channel to form a closed space, and a spatial spiral sampling blade is arranged in the annular sampling groove;
a screw hole is formed in an opening at the upper end of the hollow cavity, and a screw rod section matched with the screw hole is arranged at the upper end of the inner rod body;
the top end of the inner rod body is provided with a first rotating handle, and the first rotating handle and the inner rod body are combined into a T shape; the top of outer barrel is provided with the second and rotates the handle, the second rotate the handle with outer barrel combination is the T word form.
Furthermore, jacks are arranged at two ends of the second rotating handle, fixed insertion rods are inserted into the jacks, and the lower ends of the fixed insertion rods are conical;
the sampling drill bit is conical, the tip of the sampling drill bit faces downwards, the radius of the upper bottom of the sampling drill bit is the same as that of the outer cylinder wall of the outer cylinder, and a spiral groove is formed in the side conical surface of the sampling drill bit;
the sampling drill bit is characterized in that a transition round table is arranged at the junction of the sampling drill bit and the annular sampling groove, the radius of the lower bottom of the transition round table is equal to the radius of the outer cylinder wall of the outer cylinder, the radius of the upper bottom of the transition round table is equal to the radius of the hollow cavity channel, and a chamfer structure matched with the transition round table is arranged at the opening at the lower end of the hollow cavity channel.
Further, the long-distance long-acting heat preservation device for the soil sample to be detected comprises a heat preservation box, wherein a regular-hexagon heat preservation chamber is arranged in the heat preservation box, and the cross section of the heat preservation chamber is in a regular hexagon shape;
a six-direction separation frame is arranged in the heat preservation chamber; the six-direction separation frame comprises six first separation plates which are annularly arranged at equal angles, the six first separation plates are the same in shape, the six first separation plates are vertical plate bodies, and one ends of the six first separation plates are connected into a whole; the six-direction separation frame equally divides the heat preservation chamber into six regular-triangular accommodating units;
a three-way separation frame is respectively arranged in each containing unit; the three-way separation frame comprises three second partition plates which are annularly arranged at equal angles, the structures and the shapes of the three second partition plates are the same, the three second partition plates are vertical plate bodies, and one ends of the three second partition plates are connected into a whole; the three-way separation frame equally divides the containing unit into three quadrilateral containing grids;
a sample container filled with a soil sample is correspondingly placed in the containing grid, and the sample container is usually a glass bottle; each second partition plate is internally provided with a cavity, an ice bag is placed in each cavity, and the upper end of each cavity is provided with an opening for placing the ice bag;
the outer wall of the heat preservation box is circular, and a circular box cover is arranged above the heat preservation box; the inner side of the lower end of the box cover and the upper end of the outer wall of the heat preservation box are screwed relatively through a thread structure.
Furthermore, a portable support is arranged outside the heat insulation box; the portable bracket comprises a bearing plate and a lifting rod; the bearing plate is a horizontal circular plate, two vertical rods are oppositely arranged on the bearing plate, a long groove which transversely penetrates through and vertically extends is arranged above each vertical rod, a separation port is arranged at one side of each long groove, and the separation port is arranged at the vertical middle position of each long groove; the lifting rod is horizontally arranged, and two ends of the lifting rod are respectively provided with an inwards concave annular clamping groove; the lifting rod is a round rod, and the width of the strip groove is larger than the diameter of the annular clamping groove and smaller than the diameter of the lifting rod; the lifting rod is clamped in the long groove through the annular clamping groove;
at least two insulation boxes are stacked on the bearing plate; two sliding grooves are oppositely arranged on the outer wall of the heat preservation box; the two sliding grooves are respectively in vertical sliding fit with the two vertical rods;
two inwards concave lug grooves are oppositely arranged on the outer wall of the heat preservation box;
an inwards concave handle groove is formed above the box cover, and a rotatable handle is arranged in the handle groove;
the six-direction separation frame is vertically connected with the inner wall of the heat preservation chamber in a sliding manner, and the six-direction separation frame can be drawn out in a sliding manner relative to the heat preservation chamber; the three-way separation frame is vertically connected with the six-way separation frame in a sliding mode, and the three-way separation frame can be drawn out in a sliding mode relative to the six-way separation frame.
Further, the air drying device comprises a support, an air drying disc is horizontally arranged on the support, and the air drying disc horizontally rotates under the driving of a first motor; a transverse rotating shaft is arranged on one side of the support and is driven to rotate by a second motor, and a plurality of soil turning blades are arranged on the transverse rotating shaft; the soil turning blade is correspondingly positioned above the air drying disc;
the soil turning blade is a fan-shaped blade which is obliquely arranged; the plurality of soil turning blades are divided into a plurality of left inclined blade rows and a plurality of right inclined blade rows; the inclination directions of the soil turning blades in the left inclined blade row and the right inclined blade row are opposite; the soil turning blades of the left oblique blade row and the right oblique blade row are respectively arranged at equal intervals along the axial direction of the transverse rotating shaft, and a plurality of left oblique blade rows and a plurality of right oblique blade rows are arranged in a staggered manner along the circumferential direction of the transverse rotating shaft;
the soil turning blades on the adjacent left oblique blade row and the right oblique blade row are staggered with each other in the axial direction of the transverse rotating shaft; the projections of the turning blades on the adjacent left oblique blade row and the right oblique blade row along the axial direction of the transverse rotating shaft are provided with overlapping parts.
Furthermore, the support comprises a bottom plate, two vertical plates are oppositely arranged on the bottom plate, and a transverse plate is arranged between the two vertical plates; an annular groove is formed in the upper surface of the transverse plate, and an annular block which is in rotating fit with the annular groove is arranged at the bottom of the air drying disc; a connecting column is arranged at the center of the air drying disc, and a vertically through connecting shaft hole is formed in the connecting column; the first motor is fixedly arranged on the bottom plate, an output shaft of the first motor is arranged upwards, a stabilizing support for fixing the first motor is arranged on the bottom plate, and the output shaft of the first motor is in rotating fit with a rotating hole in the stabilizing support; a coupling block is arranged on an output shaft of the first motor, and a coupling groove is arranged above the coupling block; the connecting shaft hole and the connecting shaft groove are in inserting fit with a connecting shaft rod, and the second motor drives the air drying disc to rotate through the connecting shaft rod; a vertical through hole for accommodating the air drying disc is formed in the center of the annular groove;
the upper ends of the two vertical plates are connected through a top plate, a first screw hole is formed in the center of the top plate, a rotating block is connected with the first screw hole in an internal thread mode, and a thread structure matched with the first screw hole in a thread mode is arranged on the side of the rotating block; a circular groove is formed below the rotating block, a circular block is arranged at the upper end of the connecting shaft rod, and the circular block is horizontally and rotatably matched with the circular groove;
a vertical sliding clamping rail is arranged on one side of the vertical plate, a side plate is arranged in the sliding clamping rail in a sliding mode, and the first motor is fixed on one side, far away from the vertical plate, of the side plate; the lower end of the side plate is provided with an adjusting block; a transverse clamping block is arranged below the sliding clamping rail; a rotatable vertical screw is clamped in the transverse clamping block; a rotating clamping hole is formed in the transverse clamping block, and a rotating clamping ring is correspondingly arranged on the vertical screw rod; the vertical screw is in threaded fit with a second screw hole in the adjusting block, and the vertical screw drives the side plate to vertically lift when rotating;
the vertical plate is provided with a long hole for accommodating the transverse rotating shaft;
a plurality of air drying plates are vertically arranged on the support, a plurality of transverse plates for placing the air drying plates are arranged between the two vertical plates, and a soil turning blade is arranged above each air drying plate in a matched mode.
Further, the screening and grinding device comprises an upper cylinder, a lower cylinder and an outer cover body; the upper cylinder body and the lower cylinder body are both hollow cylindrical;
the upper barrel opening of the upper barrel is a feed inlet, and the crushing mechanism, the first sieve plate and the grinding mechanism are sequentially arranged in the upper barrel from top to bottom; a second sieve plate and a collecting box are sequentially arranged in the lower cylinder from top to bottom; the sieve pore radius of the first sieve plate is larger than that of the second sieve plate; the lower opening of the upper barrel body is correspondingly buckled with the upper opening of the lower barrel body, and soil falls into the lower barrel body after being ground by the grinding mechanism in the upper barrel body;
a fixing plate is arranged on the outer wall of the lower end of the lower barrel; the upper end of the outer cover body is provided with a pressing plate, the pressing plate is correspondingly pressed on the upper end surface of the upper barrel body, and the lower end of the outer cover body is relatively fixed with the fixing plate through a clamping piece;
the outer cover body comprises a pressing plate, the pressing plate is circular, and an accommodating groove for accommodating the supporting plate and the motor is reserved in the center of the pressing plate;
the buckling piece comprises a connecting rod which is vertically arranged, the upper end of the connecting rod is provided with a knob, and the lower end of the connecting rod is provided with a transverse clamping rod; the connecting rod is in rotating fit with a rotating hole arranged on the supporting leg plate, a clamping hole matched with the clamping rod is formed in the fixing plate, and the clamping hole is formed by communicating an upper strip-shaped hole with a lower circular hole;
a drawing opening is formed in one side below the lower barrel, the collecting box is correspondingly arranged in the drawing opening, and the collecting box can be conveniently taken out through the drawing opening; the collecting box is square, so that the collecting box can be conveniently drawn out from the drawing opening;
the lower opening of the upper barrel is provided with an annular clamping groove, and the upper opening of the lower barrel is provided with an annular clamping block matched with the annular clamping groove.
Further, the crushing mechanism comprises a crushing blade arranged on a rotating shaft, and the grinding mechanism comprises a grinding disc arranged on the rotating shaft; the crushing blade and the grinding disc are respectively positioned on the upper side and the lower side of the first sieve plate; the rotating shaft is vertically arranged, and a through hole for accommodating the rotating shaft to vertically penetrate is formed in the center of the first sieve plate; a support plate is arranged at the upper opening of the upper barrel and horizontally arranged, and a motor for driving the rotating shaft to rotate is arranged on the support plate;
the grinding disc is in a conical shape with the tip end facing downwards, a conical grinding surface which is matched with the grinding disc for grinding is arranged in the upper cylinder, and the conical surface of the grinding disc is separated from the conical grinding surface by a gap; the upper end of the grinding disc is also provided with a conical block for dispersing soil, and the tip of the conical block faces upwards.
Has the advantages that: according to the method and the device for detecting the soil organic matters in the suspected polluted area, the soil samples with different depths can be accurately and conveniently obtained through the soil sampling device; the soil sample is preserved by the heat preservation device, so that unstable components which are easy to decompose or volatilize easily and the like in the transportation process are protected, and the influence of cross contamination among samples and other interference factors is avoided; the soil sample is air-dried and fully ground through an air-drying device and a screening and grinding device, so that the subsequent detection operation is facilitated; by setting a blank control experiment, the content of the organic matter is calculated by measuring the consumption of the solvent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a method block diagram of a detection method;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a soil sampling device;
FIG. 3 is an exploded view of the soil sampling device;
FIG. 4 is a structural diagram and a combined installation diagram of the incubator and the portable bracket;
FIG. 5 is a view showing the structure and explosion of the inside of the incubator;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the air drying apparatus;
FIG. 7 is an exploded view of the air drying apparatus;
FIG. 8 is an external structural view of the screen grinding apparatus;
FIG. 9 is an exploded view of the screen grinder assembly;
FIG. 10 is an internal view of the screen grinder assembly.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The method and the device for detecting the soil organic matter in the suspected contaminated area as shown in the attached figures 1 to 10 comprise the following steps:
step A, soil sample collection: firstly, performing grid division on a suspected pollution area through system random distribution to form a plurality of detection units, and randomly setting a plurality of sampling points in each detection unit; then, sampling soil at different depths in each sampling point through a soil sampling device;
step B, soil pretreatment: firstly, registering, labeling and classifying collected soil samples, then preserving the soil samples by adopting a long-distance long-acting heat preservation device for the soil samples to be detected, and sending the soil samples to a laboratory as soon as possible; then, air-drying the soil sample in a laboratory through an air-drying device, and finally, screening and grinding the soil sample by using a screening and grinding device to serve as a sample to be detected for later use;
step C, setting a sample group: firstly, weighing a ground and screened air-dried sample, putting the air-dried sample into a test tube, dropwise adding a drop of strong oxidant through a burette, shaking the sample uniformly, heating the sample by utilizing a metal bath to boil the sample, then cooling the sample, timing from the boiling time, keeping the non-boiling state of the solution in the test tube, heating the solution at constant temperature for about five minutes, then taking out the sample for cooling for a while, adding water to prepare the solution to be measured, adding an indicator, finally titrating the remaining strong oxidant through a standard solution, and measuring the consumption volume of the standard solution by observing the color change;
the strong oxidant adopts a potassium dichromate sulfuric acid solution, the indicator adopts a phenanthroline indicator, the standard solution adopts an ammonium ferrous sulfate standard solution, and the solution to be detected is controlled to be 50-60 ml;
step D, setting a blank group: firstly, different from the step C, weighing quartz sand, and then, the other steps are the same as the step C;
step E, calculating the organic matter content: organic matter% ═ c V0-V100/m;
wherein, V0: the blank group consumes the volume of the standard solution of ferrous ammonium sulfate, ml; v: the sample group consumes the volume of the standard solution of ferrous ammonium sulfate, ml; c: the concentration of the ammonium ferrous acid standard solution is mol/l; m: mass of air dried sample, g.
In the step C, specifically: firstly, the bath heat metal is heated to 185-190 ℃, and when the solution in the test tube is boiled, the temperature is reduced to 170-180 ℃.
The soil sampling device comprises an outer cylinder body 1 and an inner rod body 2, wherein the outer cylinder body 1 is a hollow cylinder, and the inner rod body 2 is a round rod; a vertical hollow cavity 3 is arranged in the outer cylinder 1, the cross section of the hollow cavity 3 is circular, and the inner rod body 2 is inserted in the hollow cavity 3; the bottom end of the inner rod body 2 is provided with a sampling drill bit 4, and the sampling drill bit 4 is convenient for inserting the outer cylinder body 1 and the inner rod body 2 into soil; an annular sampling groove 5 which is inwards concave along the radial direction of the inner rod body 2 is arranged above the sampling drill bit 4 of the inner rod body 2, the annular sampling groove 5 and the hollow cavity 3 are matched to form a closed space to contain a collected soil sample, a sampling blade 6 with a spiral space is arranged in the annular sampling groove 5, and the sampling blade 6 with the spiral space can roll soil into the annular sampling groove 5 in the rotating process;
a screw hole 7 is formed in an opening at the upper end of the hollow cavity 3, a screw rod section 8 matched with the screw hole 7 is arranged at the upper end of the inner rod body 2, the inner rod body 2 can rotate relative to the outer barrel body 1 through the matching of the screw hole 7 and the screw rod section 8, and the inner rod body 2 can vertically move relative to the outer barrel body 1;
the top end of the inner rod body 2 is provided with a first rotating handle 9, the first rotating handle 9 and the inner rod body 2 are combined into a T shape, and the first rotating handle 9 is convenient for enabling the inner rod body 2 to rotate relative to the outer cylinder body 1; the top of outer barrel 1 is provided with second rotation handle 10, second rotation handle 10 with outer barrel 1 combination is the T form, and second rotation handle 9 is conveniently rotating and is inserting outer barrel 1 in the soil.
The two ends of the second rotating handle 10 are provided with insertion holes 11, fixed insertion rods 12 are inserted into the insertion holes 11, the lower ends of the fixed insertion rods 12 are conical, the outer cylinder 1 can be fixed on the ground through the fixed insertion rods 12, and the outer cylinder 1 is prevented from rotating along with the inner rod body 2 when the inner rod body 2 is rotated;
the sampling drill bit 4 is conical, the tip of the sampling drill bit 4 faces downwards, the radius of the upper bottom of the sampling drill bit 4 is the same as that of the outer cylinder wall of the outer cylinder 1, and a spiral groove 13 is formed in the side conical surface of the sampling drill bit 4, so that the outer cylinder 1 can be conveniently inserted into soil;
a transition circular truncated cone 14 is arranged at the junction of the sampling drill bit 4 and the annular sampling groove 5, the radius of the lower bottom of the transition circular truncated cone 14 is equal to that of the outer cylinder wall of the outer cylinder 1, the radius of the upper bottom of the transition circular truncated cone 14 is equal to that of the hollow cavity channel 3, and a chamfer structure 15 matched with the transition circular truncated cone 14 is arranged at the opening at the lower end of the hollow cavity channel 3; after the sampling blade 6 rolls soil into the annular sampling groove 5, the inner rod body 2 moves upwards, and at the moment, part of soil can leave the annular sampling groove 5 along the side arc surface of the transition circular truncated cone 14, so that a large amount of soil is prevented from being clamped between the upper bottom of the sampling drill bit 4 and the lower end surface of the outer cylinder body 1, and the arc-shaped sampling groove 5 can be better retracted into the hollow cavity channel 3; the arrangement of the chamfering structure 15 can ensure that the jointing effect of the transition round table 14 and the lower end of the outer cylinder 1 is better;
the working mode of the soil sampling device is as follows: the outer cylinder body 1 is firstly inserted into soil with corresponding depth, and then the fixed inserting rods 12 are inserted into the inserting holes 11 at the two ends of the second rotating handle 10, so that the outer cylinder body 1 is fixed; then, the first rotating handle 9 is rotated to enable the inner rod body 2 to rotate relative to the outer cylinder body 1 and move downwards, so that the annular sampling groove 5 below the inner rod body 2 is separated from the hollow cavity 3, and a helical sampling blade 6 in the space in the annular sampling groove 5 can roll a soil sample into the annular sampling groove 5 in the rotating process; and then reversely rotating the first rotating handle 9 to enable the inner rod body 2 to rotate relative to the outer cylinder body 1 and move upwards so as to collect the soil sample drawn into the annular sampling groove 5 into the hollow cavity 3, and finally, sequentially pulling out the fixed inserting rod 12 and the outer cylinder body 1 to obtain the soil sample with the corresponding depth.
The long-distance long-acting heat preservation device for the soil sample to be detected comprises a heat preservation box 21, wherein a regular-hexagon heat preservation chamber 22 is arranged in the heat preservation box 21, and the cross section of the heat preservation chamber 22 is in a regular hexagon shape;
a six-direction separation frame 23 is arranged in the heat preservation chamber 22; the six-direction separation frame 23 comprises six first separation plates 24 which are annularly arranged at equal angles, the six first separation plates 24 are in the same shape, the six first separation plates 24 are vertical plates, and one ends of the six first separation plates 24 are connected into a whole; the six-direction separation frame 23 equally divides the heat preservation chamber 22 into six regular triangle accommodating units 25;
a three-way partition shelf 26 is respectively arranged in each containing unit 25; the structure of the three-way partition frame 26 is as shown in fig. 5, the three-way partition frame 26 comprises three second partition plates 27 which are annularly arranged at equal angles, the structures and the shapes of the three second partition plates 27 are the same, the three second partition plates 27 are vertical plates, and one ends of the three second partition plates 27 are connected into a whole; the three-way partition shelf 26 equally divides the containing unit 25 into three quadrangular containing compartments 28;
a sample container 29 containing a soil sample is correspondingly placed in the containing compartment 28, the sample container 29 is usually a glass bottle; a cavity 30 is arranged in each second clapboard 27, an ice bag 31 is arranged in each cavity 30, and an opening for placing the ice bag 31 is arranged at the upper end of each cavity 30;
the outer wall of the heat preservation box 21 is circular, a circular box cover 32 is arranged above the heat preservation box 21, and the box cover 32 is used for sealing the heat preservation box 21; the inner side of the lower end of the box cover 32 and the upper end of the outer wall of the heat preservation box 21 are screwed relatively through a thread structure.
A portable bracket 33 is arranged outside the heat preservation box 21; the portable support 33 comprises a support plate 34 and a lifting rod 35; as shown in fig. 4, the supporting plate 34 is a horizontal circular plate, two vertical rods 36 are oppositely arranged on the supporting plate 34, a long-strip groove 37 which transversely penetrates through and vertically extends is arranged above the vertical rods 36, a separation port 38 is arranged on one side of the long-strip groove 37, and the separation port 38 is arranged in the middle of the long-strip groove 37 in the vertical direction; the lifting rod 35 is horizontally arranged, and two ends of the lifting rod 35 are respectively provided with an inwards concave annular clamping groove 39; the lifting rod 35 is a round rod, and the width of the long strip groove 37 is larger than the diameter of the annular clamping groove 39 and smaller than the diameter of the lifting rod 35; the lifting rod 35 is clamped in the long groove 37 through the annular clamping groove 39; the lifting rod 35 can be disengaged from the elongated slot 37 through the disengagement port 38;
at least two insulation boxes 21 are stacked on the supporting plate 34, and a plurality of insulation boxes 21 can be conveniently carried through the portable bracket 33; two sliding grooves 40 are oppositely arranged on the outer wall of the heat insulation box 21; the two sliding grooves 40 are respectively in vertical sliding fit with the two vertical rods 36, so that the insulation can 21 can be fixed, and the insulation can 21 is prevented from falling off from the portable bracket 33; when the heat preservation box 21 needs to be taken down from the portable bracket 33, the lifting rod 35 is taken out from the separation opening 38, and then the heat preservation box 21 can be taken out in an upward sliding manner;
when the heat preservation device is carried to collect soil samples, a plurality of heat preservation boxes 21 can be carried by the portable bracket 33, and the heat preservation box 21 at the uppermost end is in a working state; after the uppermost insulation can 21 is filled with the soil sample, the stacking sequence of the insulation can 21 can be changed, and the empty insulation can 21 is placed at the uppermost end so as to continue to collect the soil sample;
the outer wall of the heat preservation box 21 is relatively provided with two inwards concave lug grooves 41, and the heat preservation box 21 is conveniently lifted through the lug grooves 41;
an inwards concave handle groove 42 is formed above the box cover 32, a rotatable handle 43 is arranged in the handle groove 42, the handle 43 can conveniently rotate the box cover 32, and the handle groove 42 enables the surface of the box cover 32 to be relatively flush so that a plurality of insulation boxes 21 can be stacked mutually;
the six-direction separation frame 23 is vertically connected with the inner wall of the heat preservation chamber 22 in a sliding manner, and the six-direction separation frame 23 can be drawn out in a sliding manner relative to the heat preservation chamber 22; the three-way separation frame 26 is vertically connected with the six-way separation frame 23 in a sliding manner, and the three-way separation frame 26 can be drawn out in a sliding manner relative to the six-way separation frame 23; since the six-way and three- way banks 23 and 26 can be drawn out, the inside of the thermal container 21 can be easily cleaned.
The air drying device comprises a bracket 51, an air drying disc 52 is horizontally arranged on the bracket 51, and the air drying disc 52 horizontally rotates under the driving of a first motor 53; a transverse rotating shaft 54 is arranged on one side of the bracket 51, the transverse rotating shaft 54 is driven by a second motor 55 to rotate, and a plurality of soil turning blades 56 are arranged on the transverse rotating shaft 54; the soil turning blade 56 is correspondingly positioned above the air drying disc 52; when soil is placed in the air drying disc 52, the soil turning blade 56 can turn over the soil, and the air drying disc 52 can horizontally rotate along with the first motor 53, so that the soil in the air drying disc 52 can be uniformly turned over by the soil turning blade 56, and the air drying speed of the soil is improved; in addition, the rotation speed of the turning blade 56 needs to be controlled in a small range, so that the soil is prevented from being splashed due to the fact that the soil is brought up by the turning blade 56 under the action of inertia;
as shown in fig. 7, the turning blade 56 is a fan-shaped blade that is obliquely arranged; the plurality of turning blades 56 are divided into a plurality of left oblique blade rows 57 and a plurality of right oblique blade rows 58; the inclination directions of the turning blades 56 in the left oblique blade row 57 and the right oblique blade row 58 are opposite; the turning blades 56 of the left oblique blade rows 57 and the right oblique blade rows 58 are respectively arranged along the axial direction of the transverse rotating shaft 54 at equal intervals, and the left oblique blade rows 57 and the right oblique blade rows 58 are arranged along the circumferential direction of the transverse rotating shaft 54 in a staggered manner, so that the left oblique blade rows 57 and the right oblique blade rows 58 alternately turn over the soil in the air drying disc 52, and compared with the case that the turning blades 56 are arranged in a single oblique direction, the turning effect on the soil is better, and the dead angle of soil turning can be reduced;
the turning blades 56 on the adjacent left oblique blade row 57 and right oblique blade row 58 are staggered with each other in the axial direction of the transverse rotating shaft 54, so that the turning range of the turning blades 56 to the soil is enlarged, and the dead angle of soil turning is further reduced; the projections of the turning blades 56 on the adjacent left oblique blade row 57 and right oblique blade row 58 along the axial direction of the transverse rotating shaft 54 have overlapping parts, so that the turning blades 56 are always positioned in the soil in the rotating process of the turning blades 56, and the working efficiency of the turning blades 56 is improved.
The bracket 51 comprises a bottom plate 59, two vertical plates 60 are oppositely arranged on the bottom plate 59, and a transverse plate 61 is arranged between the two vertical plates 60; an annular groove 62 is formed in the upper surface of the transverse plate 61, and an annular block 63 which is in rotating fit with the annular groove 62 is arranged at the bottom of the air drying disc 52; a connecting column 64 is arranged at the center of the air drying disc 52, and a vertically through connecting shaft hole 65 is formed in the connecting column 64; the first motor 53 is fixedly arranged on the bottom plate 59, an output shaft of the first motor 53 is arranged upwards, a stabilizing bracket 84 for fixing the first motor 53 is arranged on the bottom plate 59, and the output shaft of the first motor 53 is in rotating fit with a rotating hole on the stabilizing bracket 84; a coupling block 66 is arranged on an output shaft of the first motor 53, and a coupling groove 67 is arranged above the coupling block 66; the connecting shaft hole 65 and the connecting shaft groove 67 are in inserting fit with a connecting shaft rod 68, and the second motor 55 drives the air drying disc 52 to rotate through the connecting shaft rod 68; a vertical through hole 81 for accommodating the air drying disc 52 is arranged at the center of the annular groove 62;
the second motor 55 drives the air drying disc 52 to rotate through the shaft connecting hole 65, the shaft connecting groove 67 and the shaft connecting rod 68, so that the shaft connecting rod 68 can be pulled out of the shaft connecting groove 67, then the air drying disc 52 is taken down, soil samples can be conveniently taken and placed, and the air drying disc 52 can be conveniently cleaned;
the shaft connecting hole 65, the shaft connecting groove 67 and the shaft connecting rod 68 are all square, so that the shaft connecting rod 68 has a transmission function, and the second motor 55 can drive the air drying disc 52 to rotate through the shaft connecting rod 68;
the upper ends of the two vertical plates 60 are connected through a top plate 69, a first screw hole 70 is formed in the center of the top plate 69, a rotating block 71 is connected to the first screw hole 70 in an internal thread mode, and a thread structure in threaded fit with the first screw hole 70 is arranged on the lateral side of the rotating block 71; a circular groove 72 is formed below the rotating block 71, a circular block 73 is arranged at the upper end of the connecting shaft rod 68, and the circular block 73 is horizontally and rotatably matched with the circular groove 72; the rotating block 71 can abut against the upper end of the connecting shaft lever 68 to prevent the connecting shaft lever 68 from jumping during the rotation of the second motor 55, so that the connecting shaft lever 68 can stably transmit; after the rotation block 71 is screwed out, the connecting shaft rod 68 can be conveniently pulled out of the connecting shaft groove 67, so that the air drying disc 52 can be taken down;
a vertical sliding clamping rail 74 is arranged on one side of the vertical plate 60, a side plate 75 is arranged in the sliding clamping rail 74 in a sliding mode, and the first motor 53 is fixed on one side, far away from the vertical plate 60, of the side plate 75; as shown in fig. 6, the lower end of the side plate 75 is provided with an adjusting block 76; a transverse clamping block 77 is arranged below the sliding clamping rail 74; a rotatable vertical screw 78 is clamped in the transverse clamping block 77; a rotating clamping hole 83 is formed in the transverse clamping block 77, and a rotating clamping ring 82 is correspondingly arranged on the vertical screw 78, so that the vertical screw 78 and the transverse clamping block 77 are in rotating fit in the horizontal direction and are relatively limited in the vertical direction; the vertical screw 78 is in threaded fit with a second screw hole 79 on the adjusting block 76, and the vertical screw 78 drives the side plate 75 to vertically lift when rotating, so that the distance between the soil turning blade 56 and the air drying disc 52 is adjusted; when the air drying disc 52 needs to be taken down, the turning blade 56 is moved upwards, so that the air drying disc 52 is convenient to take down, and when the soil needs to be turned, the turning blade 56 is moved downwards, so that the distance between the turning blade 56 and the upper surface of the air drying disc 52 is as small as possible, and the turning effect on the soil is improved;
the vertical plate 60 is provided with a long hole 80 for accommodating the transverse rotating shaft 54, so that the structure is reasonable;
a plurality of air drying discs 52 are vertically arranged on the bracket 51, a plurality of transverse plates 61 for placing the air drying discs 52 are arranged between the two vertical plates 60, and a soil turning blade 56 is arranged above each air drying disc 52; when large batches of soil to be air-dried are faced, the processing capacity of the invention is stronger;
the working mode of the air drying device is as follows: soil is put into the air drying plate, the first motor drives the air drying plate to rotate, and the second motor drives the soil turning blade to rotate, so that the soil turning blade turns the soil in the air drying plate.
The screening and grinding device comprises an upper cylinder 91, a lower cylinder 92 and an outer cover body 93; the upper cylinder 91 and the lower cylinder 92 are both hollow cylinders;
the upper cylinder opening of the upper cylinder 91 is a feed inlet 94, and the crushing mechanism, the first sieve plate 95 and the grinding mechanism are sequentially arranged in the upper cylinder 91 from top to bottom; a second sieve plate 96 and a collecting box 97 are sequentially arranged in the lower cylinder 92 from top to bottom; the screen aperture radius of the first screen deck 95 is larger than the screen aperture radius of the second screen deck 96; the lower opening of the upper cylinder 91 is correspondingly buckled with the upper opening of the lower cylinder 92, and soil falls into the lower cylinder 92 after being ground by the grinding mechanism in the upper cylinder 91;
a fixing plate 98 is arranged on the outer wall of the lower end of the lower cylinder 92; a pressing plate 99 is arranged at the upper end of the outer cover body 93, the pressing plate 99 is correspondingly pressed on the upper end surface of the upper cylinder 91, the lower end of the outer cover body 93 is relatively fixed with the fixing plate 98 through a clamping piece 100, and the upper cylinder and the lower cylinder are relatively fixed through the outer cover body 93;
during operation, the crushing mechanism crushes large soil blocks, the first sieve plate 95 sieves the crushed soil blocks to remove large impurity particles, the grinding mechanism grinds the soil after primary screening, the second sieve plate 96 sieves the ground soil again, and the soil after secondary screening falls into the collecting box 97;
the outer cover body 93 comprises a pressing plate 99, the pressing plate 99 is circular, and a containing groove 108 for containing the supporting plate 104 and the motor 105 is reserved in the center of the pressing plate 99; as shown in fig. 8, the pressing plate 99 can correspondingly close the upper opening of the upper cylinder 91 to prevent fine soil particles from scattering around when the crushing mechanism crushes soil blocks; two vertical rods 109 are symmetrically arranged below the pressing plate 99, the two vertical rods 109 are fixedly connected through a plurality of annular supports 110, and the arrangement of the annular supports 110 enables the structure of the whole outer cover body 93 to be more stable; the bottom ends of the two vertical rods 109 are respectively provided with a supporting foot plate 111, and the supporting foot plates 111 are relatively fixed with the fixed plate 98 through a fastener 100;
as shown in fig. 8, the fastener 100 includes a vertically arranged connecting rod 112, a knob 113 is arranged at the upper end of the connecting rod 112, and a transverse clamping rod 114 is arranged at the lower end of the connecting rod 112; the connecting rod 112 is rotatably matched with a rotating hole 115 arranged on the leg plate 111, a clamping hole 116 matched with the clamping rod 114 is arranged on the fixing plate 98, and the clamping hole 116 is formed by communicating an upper strip-shaped hole 117 with a lower circular hole 118; when the fastener 100 works, the clamping rod 114 passes through the strip-shaped hole 117 and enters the circular hole 118, and then the knob 113 drives the clamping rod 114 to rotate, so that the foot supporting plate 111 and the fixing plate 98 can be relatively fixed;
a drawing opening 119 is formed in one side below the lower cylinder 92, the collecting box 97 is correspondingly arranged in the drawing opening 119, and the collecting box 97 can be conveniently taken out through the drawing opening 119; as shown in fig. 9, the collecting box 97 has a square shape to facilitate the drawing out from the drawing port 119; the section of the inner cylinder wall of the lower cylinder 92 is gradually changed from circular to square from top to bottom, so that the soil falling from the second sieve plate 96 can fall into the collection box 97;
go up the lower mouth of barrel 91 and be provided with annular joint groove 120, the last mouth of barrel 92 down be provided with annular joint piece 121 that annular joint groove 120 matched with, laminating effect when making relative lock joint of barrel 91 and lower barrel 92 better.
The crushing mechanism comprises crushing blades 102 arranged on a rotating shaft 101, and the grinding mechanism comprises a grinding disc 103 arranged on the rotating shaft 101; crushing blades 102 and grinding discs 103 are respectively positioned on the upper side and the lower side of the first screen plate 95; the rotating shaft 101 is vertically arranged, and a through hole for accommodating the rotating shaft 101 to vertically penetrate is formed in the center of the first sieve plate 95; a support plate 104 is arranged at the upper opening of the upper cylinder 91, the support plate 104 is horizontally arranged, and a motor 105 for driving the rotating shaft 101 to rotate is arranged on the support plate 104;
in the invention, as the crushing mechanism is the crushing blade 102 and the upper cylinder opening of the upper cylinder 91 is an opening, the first sieve plate 95 can be directly cleaned; after the outer cover body 93 is detached, the upper cylinder body and the lower cylinder body can be separated from each other, so that the second sieve plate 96 can be conveniently cleaned;
the grinding disc 103 is conical with a downward pointed end, a conical grinding surface 106 which is matched with the grinding disc 103 for grinding is arranged in the upper cylinder 91, and the conical surface of the grinding disc 103 is separated from the conical grinding surface 106 by a gap so as to grind soil; the upper end of the grinding disc 103 is also provided with a conical block 107 for dispersing soil, the tip end of the conical block 107 is upward, and soil falling from the first sieve plate 95 is dispersed all around under the action of the conical block 107 and enters a gap between the grinding disc 103 and the conical grinding surface 106;
when the screening and grinding device works, the upper barrel is placed on the lower barrel, a soil sample needing to be ground is added from the feeding hole, then the pressing plate of the outer cover body is made to correspondingly seal the feeding hole, and the lower end of the outer cover body and the fixing plate on the outer wall of the lower barrel are relatively fixed through the clamping piece; the starter motor drives crushing blade and mill work, and soil grinding sieves the back of accomplishing, takes out and collects the box in order to acquire soil sample, pulls down the dustcoat body and conveniently clears up first sieve and second sieve.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention described above, and such modifications and adaptations are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for detecting soil organic matters in a suspected polluted area is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step A, soil sample collection: firstly, performing grid division on a suspected pollution area through system random distribution to form a plurality of detection units, and randomly setting a plurality of sampling points in each detection unit; then, sampling soil at different depths in each sampling point through a soil sampling device;
step B, soil pretreatment: firstly, registering, labeling and classifying collected soil samples, then preserving the soil samples by adopting a long-distance long-acting heat preservation device for the soil samples to be detected, and sending the soil samples to a laboratory as soon as possible; then, air-drying the soil sample in a laboratory through an air-drying device, and finally, screening and grinding the soil sample by using a screening and grinding device to serve as a sample to be detected for later use;
step C, setting a sample group: firstly, weighing a ground and screened air-dried sample, putting the air-dried sample into a test tube, dropwise adding a drop of strong oxidant through a burette, shaking the sample uniformly, heating the sample by utilizing a metal bath to boil the sample, then cooling the sample, timing from the boiling time, keeping the non-boiling state of the solution in the test tube, heating the solution at constant temperature for about five minutes, then taking out the sample for cooling for a while, adding water to prepare the solution to be measured, adding an indicator, finally titrating the remaining strong oxidant through a standard solution, and measuring the consumption volume of the standard solution by observing the color change;
the strong oxidant adopts a potassium dichromate sulfuric acid solution, the indicator adopts a phenanthroline indicator, the standard solution adopts an ammonium ferrous sulfate standard solution, and the solution to be detected is controlled to be 50-60 ml;
step D, setting a blank group: firstly, different from the step C, weighing quartz sand, and then, the other steps are the same as the step C;
step E, calculating the organic matter content: organic matter (%) ═ c (V0-V) × 100/m;
wherein, V0: the blank group consumes the volume of the standard solution of ferrous ammonium sulfate, ml; v: the sample group consumes the volume of the standard solution of ferrous ammonium sulfate, ml; c: the concentration of the ammonium ferrous acid standard solution is mol/l; m: mass of air dried sample, g.
2. The method for detecting the organic matters in the soil of the suspected polluted area according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step C, specifically: firstly, the bath heat metal is heated to 185-190 ℃, and when the solution in the test tube is boiled, the temperature is reduced to 170-180 ℃.
3. The detection device for detecting the organic matter in the soil of the suspected pollution area according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein: the soil sampling device comprises an outer cylinder body (1) and an inner rod body (2), wherein the outer cylinder body (1) is a hollow cylinder, and the inner rod body (2) is a round rod; a vertical hollow cavity channel (3) is arranged in the outer cylinder body (1), the cross section of the hollow cavity channel (3) is circular, and the inner rod body (2) is inserted in the hollow cavity channel (3); the bottom end of the inner rod body (2) is provided with a sampling drill bit (4); the upper portion of the sampling drill bit (4) of the inner rod body (2) is provided with an annular sampling groove (5) which is concave along the radial direction of the inner rod body (2), the annular sampling groove (5) and the hollow cavity channel (3) are matched to form a closed space, and a sampling blade (6) with a spiral space is arranged in the annular sampling groove (5).
4. The detection device of claim 3, wherein the detection device comprises: a screw hole (7) is formed in an opening at the upper end of the hollow cavity (3), and a screw rod section (8) matched with the screw hole (7) is arranged at the upper end of the inner rod body (2);
a first rotating handle (9) is arranged at the top end of the inner rod body (2), and the first rotating handle (9) and the inner rod body (2) are combined into a T shape; the top of outer barrel (1) is provided with second rotation handle (10), second rotation handle (10) with outer barrel (1) combination is the T form.
5. The detection device of claim 1, wherein the detection device comprises: the long-distance long-acting heat preservation device for the soil sample to be detected comprises a heat preservation box (21), wherein a regular-hexagon heat preservation chamber (22) is arranged in the heat preservation box (21), and the cross section of the heat preservation chamber (22) is in a regular hexagon shape;
a six-direction separation frame (23) is arranged in the heat preservation chamber (22); the six-direction separation frame (23) comprises six first partition plates (24) which are annularly arranged at equal angles, the six first partition plates (24) are identical in shape, the six first partition plates (24) are vertical plates, and one ends of the six first partition plates (24) are connected into a whole; the six-direction separation frame (23) equally divides the heat preservation chamber (22) into six regular triangle containing units (25).
6. The detection device of claim 5, wherein the detection device comprises: a three-way separation frame (26) is respectively arranged in each accommodating unit (25); the three-way separation frame (26) comprises three second partition plates (27) which are annularly arranged at equal angles, the structures and the shapes of the three second partition plates (27) are the same, the three second partition plates (27) are vertical plate bodies, and one ends of the three second partition plates (27) are connected into a whole; the three-way partition shelf (26) equally divides the containing unit (25) into three quadrangular containing lattices (28);
a sample container (29) filled with a soil sample is correspondingly placed in the containing grid (28), and the sample container (29) is usually a glass bottle; a cavity (30) is arranged in each second partition plate (27), an ice bag (31) is placed in each cavity (30), and an opening for placing the ice bag (31) is formed in the upper end of each cavity (30);
the outer wall of the heat preservation box (21) is circular, and a circular box cover (32) is arranged above the heat preservation box (21); the inner side of the lower end of the box cover (32) and the upper end of the outer wall of the heat preservation box (21) are relatively screwed through a thread structure; and a portable support (33) is arranged on the outer side of the heat preservation box (21).
7. The detection device of claim 1, wherein the detection device comprises: the air drying device comprises a support (51), an air drying disc (52) is horizontally arranged on the support (51), and the air drying disc (52) horizontally rotates under the driving of a first motor (53); a transverse rotating shaft (54) is arranged on one side of the support (51), the transverse rotating shaft (54) is driven to rotate by a second motor (55), and a plurality of soil turning blades (56) are arranged on the transverse rotating shaft (54); the soil turning blade (56) is correspondingly positioned above the air drying disc (52);
the soil turning blade (56) is a fan-shaped blade which is obliquely arranged; the plurality of soil turning blades (56) are divided into a plurality of left inclined blade rows (57) and a plurality of right inclined blade rows (58); the inclination directions of the soil turning blades (56) in the left inclined blade row (57) and the right inclined blade row (58) are opposite; the left oblique blade row (57) and the soil turning blades (56) of the right oblique blade row (58) are respectively arranged along the axial direction of the transverse rotating shaft (54) at equal intervals, and the left oblique blade rows (57) and the right oblique blade rows (58) are arranged along the circumferential direction of the transverse rotating shaft (54) in a staggered mode.
8. The detection device of claim 7, wherein the detection device comprises: the support (51) comprises a bottom plate (59), two vertical plates (60) are oppositely arranged on the bottom plate (59), and a transverse plate (61) is arranged between the two vertical plates (60); an annular groove (62) is formed in the upper surface of the transverse plate (61), and an annular block (63) which is in rotating fit with the annular groove (62) is arranged at the bottom of the air drying disc (52); a connecting column (64) is arranged at the center of the air drying disc (52), and a vertically through connecting shaft hole (65) is formed in the connecting column (64); the first motor (53) is fixedly arranged on the bottom plate (59), an output shaft of the first motor (53) is arranged upwards, a stabilizing support (84) for fixing the first motor (53) is arranged on the bottom plate (59), and the output shaft of the first motor (53) is in running fit with a rotating hole in the stabilizing support (84); a coupling block (66) is arranged on an output shaft of the first motor (53), and a coupling groove (67) is arranged above the coupling block (66); the connecting shaft hole (65) and the connecting shaft groove (67) are in inserting fit with a connecting shaft rod (68), and the second motor (55) drives the air drying disc (52) to rotate through the connecting shaft rod (68); and a vertical through hole (81) for accommodating the air drying disc (52) is formed in the center of the annular groove (62).
9. The detection device of claim 1, wherein the detection device comprises: the screening and grinding device comprises an upper cylinder (91), a lower cylinder (92) and an outer cover body (93); the upper cylinder (91) and the lower cylinder (92) are both hollow cylinders;
an upper cylinder opening of the upper cylinder body (91) is a feed inlet (94), and a crushing mechanism, a first sieve plate (95) and a grinding mechanism are sequentially arranged inside the upper cylinder body (91) from top to bottom; a second sieve plate (96) and a collecting box (97) are sequentially arranged in the lower cylinder (92) from top to bottom; the sieve aperture radius of the first sieve plate (95) is larger than that of the second sieve plate (96); the lower opening of the upper barrel (91) and the upper opening of the lower barrel (92) are correspondingly buckled, and soil falls into the lower barrel (92) after being ground by the grinding mechanism in the upper barrel (91).
10. The detection device of claim 9, wherein the detection device comprises: the buckle piece (100) comprises a connecting rod (112) which is vertically arranged, the upper end of the connecting rod (112) is provided with a knob (113), and the lower end of the connecting rod (112) is provided with a transverse clamping rod (114); the connecting rod (112) is in running fit with a rotating hole (115) formed in the foot supporting plate (111), a clamping hole (116) matched with the clamping rod (114) is formed in the fixing plate (98), and the clamping hole (116) is formed by communicating an upper strip-shaped hole (117) with a lower circular hole (118);
a drawing opening (119) is formed in one side below the lower cylinder (92), the collecting box (97) is correspondingly arranged in the drawing opening (119), and the collecting box (97) can be conveniently taken out through the drawing opening (119); the collection box (97) is square.
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| CN202111130136.0A CN114047179A (en) | 2021-09-26 | 2021-09-26 | Method and device for detecting soil organic matters in suspected contaminated area |
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| CN116735543A (en) * | 2023-06-21 | 2023-09-12 | 千代田电子(嘉兴)有限公司 | Nondestructive testing device for fruits and vegetables |
| CN117191878A (en) * | 2023-09-08 | 2023-12-08 | 宁夏昊标检测服务研究院(有限公司) | Soil pH value detection device and detection method |
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