CN114045598B - 一种轻薄木棉条带纱织物吸声材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种轻薄木棉条带纱织物吸声材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN114045598B
CN114045598B CN202111225459.8A CN202111225459A CN114045598B CN 114045598 B CN114045598 B CN 114045598B CN 202111225459 A CN202111225459 A CN 202111225459A CN 114045598 B CN114045598 B CN 114045598B
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刘雪亭
朱宜钧
周佳慧
董丽玲
郭珍
邓中民
陈志军
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种轻薄木棉条带纱织物吸声材料及其制备方法和应用。制备方法,包括:将按质量百分比,将木棉纤维和中空涤纶纤维,经混合,开松,梳理,成网工序,得木棉/中空涤纶纤维网;将超薄PP熔喷布放于木棉/中空涤纶纤维网一面,经针刺加固,卷绕,得木棉/中空涤纶针刺层、PP熔喷层复合纤维网;将复合纤维网裁剪成一定宽度的条带,经粗纱机加捻,得加捻复合纱,再在复合纱外层螺旋缠绕PP熔喷布,得木棉条带纱;木棉条带纱与中空涤纶纱在机织织机上,按照组织规律,垂直交织形成木棉条带纱织物材料。木棉条带纱织物材料可用于汽车内饰、建筑、高铁等领域;该吸声材料轻薄,厚度为6~8mm,制备方法简单,经济效益好,适合于工业化生产。

Description

一种轻薄木棉条带纱织物吸声材料及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明属于低频吸声材料及其制备和应用领域,特别涉及一种轻薄木棉条带纱织物吸声材料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
由于多孔结构和高孔隙率,纺织非织造材料具有较好的中高频吸声性能,被广泛用于吸声降噪领域。与之相比,机织物的厚度较小,吸声性能较差,限制了其在吸声降噪领域的应用。但机织物具有高的纤维覆盖率以及结构设计多样性等特点,根据马氏吸声理论,小孔径和大的无孔面积有利于吸声性能的改善。因此,机织结构是一种非常有发展前景的轻薄高效吸声材料。
木棉纤维是天然纤维中中空度最高(80-90%)、质量最轻的纤维,由于其特殊的中空结构,木棉纤维被广泛应用于隔热、救生、吸油、吸声降噪等领域。但由于其刚性大、抱合力差,很难单独纺纱,常常与其它纤维混合纺纱或以填充料形式使用。目前关于木棉纤维机织物吸声材料的研究少有报道,相关研究表明,当木棉纤维与其它纤维混合纺纱时,如果木棉纤维含量超过50%,则形成的混纺纱的可织性明显降低。而木棉纤维含量增加,有助于织物吸声性能的提高。因此,提高机织材料中木棉纤维含量,并使获得的机织材料具有优异的吸声性能,是目前一项急需解决的难题。
本发明基于非织造材料的形成原理,利用非织造纤维网成型方法,形成纤维杂乱无序排列的纤维网,再采用粗纱机对纤维网进行加捻,获得条带纱,进而获得机织结构材料。因此,本发明研制了一种轻薄木棉条带纱织物吸声材料。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种轻薄木棉条带纱织物吸声材料及其制备方法,该方法制备的吸声材料的低频吸声性能优异,在500~1800Hz低频时的平均吸声系数为0.33,最大吸声系数可达到0.605;本发明制备得到的吸声材料低频吸收频带较宽,在1000~1800Hz低频范围内吸声系数均大于0.3;本发明制备得到的吸声材料轻薄(6~8mm),制备方法操作简便,经济效益好,适合于工业化生产。
本发明的一种轻薄木棉条带纱织物吸声材料,材料由木棉条带纱和中空涤纶纱在机织织机上垂直交织而成,其中木棉条带纱作纬纱,中空涤纶纱作经纱。
所述的一种轻薄木棉条带纱织物吸声材料,木棉条带纱包括内外两层,内层为木棉/中空涤纶针刺层、PP熔喷层加捻复合纱,外层螺旋缠绕超薄PP熔喷非织造材料。
所述的一种轻薄木棉条带纱织物吸声材料,木棉/中空涤纶针刺层、PP熔喷层加捻复合纱包括木棉/中空涤纶纤维网和超薄PP熔喷布,其中木棉/中空涤纶纤维网中木棉纤维与中空涤纶纤维的混合质量比例为:20~80:80~20。
所述的一种木棉条带纱织物吸声材料,PP熔喷布的厚度为0.3~0.5 mm,木棉条带纱的直径为4~7 mm,吸声材料的厚度为6~8mm,吸声材料的克重为800~1100 g/m2
本发明的一种轻薄木棉条带纱织物吸声材料的制备方法,包括:
(1)将按质量百分比,将木棉纤维和中空涤纶纤维,经混合,开松,梳理,成网工序,得木棉/中空涤纶纤维网;
(2)将超薄PP熔喷布放于木棉/中空涤纶纤维网一面,经针刺加固,卷绕,得木棉/中空涤纶针刺层、PP熔喷层复合纤维网;
(3)将复合纤维网裁剪成一定宽度的条带,经粗纱机加捻,得加捻复合纱,再在复合纱外层螺旋缠绕PP熔喷布,得木棉条带纱;
(4)木棉条带纱与中空涤纶纱在机织织机上,按照组织规律,垂直交织形成木棉条带纱织物吸声材料。
本发明的一种轻薄木棉条带纱织物吸声材料的应用,轻薄木棉条带纱织物吸声材料应用于汽车内饰、建筑、高铁等领域。
本发明基于非织造材料的形成原理,利用非织造纤维网成型方法,形成纤维杂乱无序排列的纤维网,再采用粗纱机对纤维网进行加捻,获得条带纱,进而获得机织结构材料。即本发明的吸声材料将非织造纤维网加捻成纱与机织结构相结合,以期基于木棉纤维的大中空结构,通过提高机织结构中木棉纤维的含量,获得轻薄、低频高效吸声的纺织纤维吸声材料。
本发明的木棉条带纱以木棉纤维与中空涤纶纤维为原料,条带纱外层包裹的非织造材料以超薄PP熔喷布为原料,主要考虑到中空涤纶纤维和木棉纤维内部的中空结构,有利于形成轻薄材料,同时,中空涤纶纤维和木棉纤维质量轻,在低频声波作用下更易发生振动,从而进一步提高材料的低频吸声性能。因此,制备的木棉条带纱织物材料能够充分利用木棉纤维和中空涤纶纤维的特点,制备的吸声材料轻薄,低频吸声效果好。
有益效果
(1)本发明制备的单层轻薄木棉条带纱织物吸声材料的低频吸声性能优异,在500~1800Hz低频时的平均吸声系数为0.33,最大吸声系数可达到0.605,在1000~1800Hz低频范围内吸声系数均大于0.3;
(2)本发明制备得到的吸声材料轻薄(6~8 mm),制备方法操作简便,经济效益好,适合于工业化生产。
附图说明
图1:条带纱织物材料的吸声系数曲线及其与普通平纹机织物、非织造材料吸声系数的对比,其中,条带纱织物包括:木棉条带纱织物、中空涤纶条带纱织物和棉条带纱织物。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
实施例1
按质量百分比,将20%木棉纤维和80%中空涤纶纤维,经混合,开松,梳理,成网工序,得木棉/中空涤纶纤维网;将木棉/中空涤纶纤维网与PP熔喷布层合,经针刺加固,卷绕,得木棉/中空涤纶针刺层、PP熔喷层复合纤维网;将复合纤维网裁剪成一定宽度的条带,经粗纱机加捻,得加捻复合纱,再在复合纱外层螺旋缠绕PP熔喷布,得木棉条带纱;木棉条带纱与中空涤纶纱在机织织机上,按照平纹组织规律,垂直交织形成木棉条带纱织物材料。PP熔喷布的厚度为0.3 mm,木棉条带纱的直径为7 .0 mm,吸声织物材料的厚度为7.14 mm,吸声织物材料的克重为1033 g/m2
实施例2
按质量百分比,将50%木棉纤维和50%中空涤纶纤维,经混合,开松,梳理,成网工序,得木棉/中空涤纶纤维网;将木棉/中空涤纶纤维网与PP熔喷布层合,经针刺加固,卷绕,得木棉/中空涤纶针刺层、PP熔喷层复合纤维网;将复合纤维网裁剪成一定宽度的条带,经粗纱机加捻,得加捻复合纱,再在复合纱外层螺旋缠绕PP熔喷布,得木棉条带纱;木棉条带纱与中空涤纶纱在机织织机上,按照平纹组织规律,垂直交织形成木棉条带纱织物材料。PP熔喷布的厚度为0.3 mm,木棉条带纱的直径为6.7 mm,吸声织物材料的厚度为6.92 mm,吸声织物材料的克重为912 g/m2
实施例3
按质量百分比,将80%木棉纤维和20%中空涤纶纤维,经混合,开松,梳理,成网工序,得木棉/中空涤纶纤维网;将木棉/中空涤纶纤维网与PP熔喷布层合,经针刺加固,卷绕,得木棉/中空涤纶针刺层、PP熔喷层复合纤维网;将复合纤维网裁剪成一定宽度的条带,经粗纱机加捻,得加捻复合纱,再在复合纱外层螺旋缠绕PP熔喷布,得木棉条带纱;木棉条带纱与中空涤纶纱在机织织机上,按照平纹组织规律,垂直交织形成木棉条带纱织物材料。PP熔喷布的厚度为0.3 mm,木棉条带纱的直径为7 .0 mm,吸声织物材料的厚度为7.15 mm,吸声织物材料的克重为808 g/m2
实施例4
将100%中空涤纶纤维,经混合,开松,梳理,成网工序,得中空涤纶纤维网;将中空涤纶纤维网与PP熔喷布层合,经针刺加固,卷绕,得中空涤纶针刺层、PP熔喷层复合纤维网;将复合纤维网裁剪成一定宽度的条带,经粗纱机加捻,得加捻复合纱,再在复合纱外层螺旋缠绕PP熔喷布,得中空涤纶条带纱;中空涤纶条带纱与中空涤纶纱在机织织机上,按照平纹组织规律,垂直交织形成中空涤纶条带纱织物材料。PP熔喷布的厚度为0.3 mm,中空涤纶条带纱的直径为6.7 mm,吸声织物材料的厚度为6.9 mm,吸声织物材料的克重为1096 g/m2
实施例5
将100%棉纤维,经混合,开松,梳理,成网工序,得棉纤维网;将棉纤维网与PP熔喷布层合,经针刺加固,卷绕,得棉针刺层、PP熔喷层复合纤维网;将复合纤维网裁剪成一定宽度的条带,经粗纱机加捻,得加捻复合纱,再在复合纱外层螺旋缠绕PP熔喷布,得棉条带纱;棉条带纱与中空涤纶纱在机织织机上,按照平纹组织规律,垂直交织形成棉条带纱织物材料。PP熔喷布的厚度为0.3 mm,棉条带纱的直径为6.9 mm,吸声织物材料的厚度为7.01 mm,吸声织物材料的克重为1043 g/m2
对比实施例1
将中空涤纶纱线,经整经,穿经,织造等工序,依据平纹组织图和上机图,获得普通平纹机织物。该机织物的厚度为0.56 mm,克重为216 g/m2
对比实施例2
按质量百分比,将80%木棉纤维和20%中空涤纶纤维,经开松,梳理,成网等工序,将纤维网输入针刺机中进行针刺加固,圈绕、切断,获得非织造布。该非织造布的厚度为10mm,克重为223 g/m2
 与普通平纹织物和非织造布相比,木棉条带纱织物吸声材料具有更好的低频吸声性能,说明木棉纤维条带纱以及机织结构,明显提高了材料的低频吸声性能;与中空涤纶条带纱机织物和棉条带纱机织物相比,木棉条带纱织物吸声材料具有更好的低频吸声性能,说明木棉纤维的大中空结构和高含量,明显提高了材料的低频吸声性能;此外,6~8 mm厚的木棉条带纱织物吸声材料比10 mm厚的非织造布低频吸声要好,说明了本发明材料的轻薄特征。

Claims (3)

1.一种轻薄木棉条带纱织物吸声材料,其特征在于:织物吸声材料由木棉条带纱和中空涤纶纱在机织织机上垂直交织而成,其中木棉条带纱作纬纱,中空涤纶纱作经纱,木棉条带纱包括内外两层,内层为木棉/中空涤纶针刺层、超薄PP熔喷层加捻复合纱,外层螺旋缠绕PP熔喷布,木棉/中空涤纶针刺层、超薄PP熔喷层加捻复合纱包括木棉/中空涤纶纤维网和超薄PP熔喷层;其中木棉/中空涤纶纤维网中木棉纤维与中空涤纶纤维的混合质量比例为80:20,超薄PP熔喷层的厚度为0.3~0.5mm,木棉条带纱的直径为4~7mm,织物吸声材料的厚度为6~8mm,织物吸声材料的克重为800~1100g/m2
2.如权利要求1所述的一种轻薄木棉条带纱织物吸声材料的制备方法,包括:
(1)将按质量百分比,将木棉纤维和中空涤纶纤维,经混合,开松,梳理,成网工序,得木棉/中空涤纶纤维网;
(2)将超薄PP熔喷层放于木棉/中空涤纶纤维网一面,经针刺加固,卷绕,得木棉/中空涤纶针刺层、超薄PP熔喷层复合纤维网;
(3)将复合纤维网裁剪成一定宽度的条带,经粗纱机加捻,得加捻复合纱,再在复合纱外层螺旋缠绕PP熔喷布,得木棉条带纱;
(4)木棉条带纱与中空涤纶纱在机织织机上,按照组织规律,垂直交织形成木棉条带纱织物吸声材料。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种轻薄木棉条带纱织物吸声材料的应用,其特征在于:轻薄木棉条带纱织物吸声材料应用于汽车内饰、建筑、高铁领域。
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