CN114038609B - 一种光伏太阳能电池导电银浆及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种光伏太阳能电池导电银浆及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种光伏太阳能电池导电银浆,按重量份数计,包括以下成分:导电银粉60‑80份,树脂8‑12份,玻璃粉2‑5份,复配液15‑25份,添加剂2‑3份,导电银粉包括棒状银粉、球形银粉,片状银粉占导电银粉总量的10‑15%,棒状银粉的长度为11‑13.5μm,棒状银粉的横向断面截面的直径为1.0‑3μm,球形银粉粒径为2‑3μm,玻璃粉采用无铅玻璃粉,树脂采用乙基纤维素,复配液采用邻苯二甲酸二丁酯或二乙二醇丁醚,与无水乙醇复配形成,添加剂包括流平剂、偶联剂、固化剂,流平剂为磷酸三丁酯或邻苯二甲酯二丁酯,偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂,固化剂为聚酰胺。本发明具有绿色环保、导电性能佳、附着力好的优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及导电银浆技术领域,尤其是一种光伏太阳能电池导电银浆及其制备方法。
背景技术
光伏太阳能电池导电银浆一般包括导电银粉、无机玻璃粘结剂、有机载体及改善电池性能的微量添加剂,其中有机载体包括有机溶剂和有机树脂。导电银浆通过丝网印刷在半导体硅片的两面,然后经过快速烧结成膜后生成电极。
现有的光伏太阳能电池,如中国专利公开号为:CN106531282B的文件所提及的:光伏太阳能电池在实际使用过程中,是将多太阳能电池串联组装形成光伏组件,而为了实现太阳能电池的串联组装,在太阳能电池的背面也需要使用导电银浆通过丝网印刷快速烧结生成背电极。因此银电极和硅基材料结合以及它们界面的结构直接影响到组件的使用寿命、电池的功率、导电性、焊接性、附着力、印刷性能。银电极和半导体硅片之间形成的理想的欧姆接触是提高电池导电性,提供太阳能电池光电转换效率、减少电池组装功率损耗的保证。而上述文件则是通过MnO2的加入改善银电极在硅表面的附着力,从而提高太阳能电池的转化效率。
本发明基于环境友好性角度考虑,用无铅玻璃粉代替传统的含铅玻璃粉,并通过对该无铅玻璃粉进行改性,使得导电银浆与硅基之间附着力得到改善,从而提高太阳能电池的转化效率。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的不足,本发明提供了一种光伏太阳能电池导电银浆,该导电银浆形成的导电膜层具有附着力强、转化效率高等优点。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是:一种光伏太阳能电池导电银浆,其特征在于,按重量份数计,包括以下成分:
导电银粉 60-80份,
树脂 8-12份,
玻璃粉 2-5份,
复配液 15-25份,
添加剂 2-3份,
其中,导电银粉包括球状银粉和棒状银粉,棒状银粉占导电银粉总量的10-15%,其余为球形银粉,棒状银粉的长度为11-13.5μm,棒状银粉的横向断面截面的直径为1.0-3μm,球形银粉粒径为2-3μm,
玻璃粉采用无铅玻璃粉,无铅玻璃粉包括Bi2O3 55-65份,SiO2 3.5-15份,B2O3 25-35份,ZnO 5-10份,Al2O3 0-1.5份,无铅玻璃粉的粒径分布于0.1-1μm,玻璃化温度为485℃,玻璃软化温度为541℃,热膨胀系数为6.25×10-6-6.75×10-6,
树脂采用乙基纤维素,复配液采用邻苯二甲酸二丁酯或二乙二醇丁醚,与无水乙醇按质量比1:1-1:1.5复配形成,
添加剂包括流平剂、偶联剂、固化剂,流平剂为磷酸三丁酯或邻苯二甲酯二丁酯,偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂和钛酸酯偶联剂,固化剂为聚酰胺。
进一步的,进一步的,所述棒状银粉的长度为12μm、棒状银粉的横向断面截面直径为2μm,球形银粉粒径为2μm,玻璃粉的粒径分布于0.75-0.95μm
进一步的,所述流平剂、偶联剂和固化剂的质量比为1:(0.5-1):(0.5-1)。
进一步的,所述导电银浆在涂于硅基体表面时,先涂一层预涂膜,烧结温度在675-700℃,然后涂一层覆盖膜,烧结温度在550-600℃,覆盖膜厚度大于预涂膜厚度。
进一步的,所述预涂膜厚度小于0.15mm,覆盖层的厚度为0.5-0.7mm。
另一发明目的:本发明还提供了一种光伏太阳能电池导电银浆的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下制备步骤:①按上述光伏太阳能电池导电银浆中各成分的配比量,称取导电银粉、树脂、玻璃粉、溶剂、添加剂,②将溶剂中的邻苯二甲酸二丁酯或二乙二醇丁醚,与无水乙醇按质量比1:1-1:1.5复配形成复配液,将该复配液滴入乙基纤维素中,搅拌均匀,直至树脂溶解,用300-500目的网布过滤除杂,即得有机载体,③将配制好的有机载体加入到混料机中,继续加入导电银粉、玻璃粉及添加剂,充分混合后,转移至高速分散机中,分散均匀,制得均匀的浆料,将浆料于三辊轧机中,研磨,至导电银浆的细度小于10μm,即得目标产物。
采用上述方案,本发明的导电银粉优选的为60-70份,导电银粉是提高膜层导电性的关键之一,但加入过多的导电银粉,在导电性能的提高方面效果一般,但反而会导致导电膜层与硅基体之间的附着力降低,棒状银粉量过多,容易导致导电膜层不够平整,导致电阻增大;本发明通过棒状银粉和球状银粉混合,使得球状银粉附着于棒状银粉周围形成片状或片状之间交叠形成层状的结构,使其具有更好的导电性能;另,采用的无铅玻璃粉,选择粒径小于1μm,且筛选出粒径分布范围不大于0.2μm的粉体,使其可以更为均匀地填充于导电银粉的间隙,起到粘结剂作用,若玻璃粉粒径分布范围太广,反而容易导致局部胀大,使得膜层表面凹凸不平,颗粒感明显,降低其附着力,使得电池转化能力下降;再者,用上述导电浆料涂覆于硅基体表面时,避免一次性厚涂的操作,可以先薄涂一层,晾干,然后在675-700℃时烧结,由于在该温度下,本发明中的玻璃粉体具有较好的流动性,使其可以与硅基体之间完全粘结,具有良好的结合效果,然后,再按正常厚度涂膜,晾干,在550-600℃左右烧结,二次涂膜的厚度较初次要后,若选高温烧结,反而使得导电膜层不易固化,影响导电膜层性能。
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步描述。
具体实施方式
本发明不局限于下列具体实施方式,本领域一般技术人员根据本发明公开的内容,可以采用其他多种具体实施方式实施本发明的,或者凡是采用本发明的设计结构和思路,做简单变化或更改的,都落入本发明的保护范围。
一、实施例按下述方法制得
①按配比量称取导电银粉60-80份、乙基纤维素8-12份、玻璃粉2-5份、复配液15-25份、添加剂2-3份。其中,导电银粉包括球状银粉和棒状银粉,棒状银粉占导电银粉总量的10-15%,其余为球形银粉,棒状银粉的长度为11-13.5μm,棒状结构的横向断面直径为1.0-3μm,球形银粉粒径为2-3μm;玻璃粉采用无铅玻璃粉,无铅玻璃粉包括Bi2O3 55-65份,SiO23.5-15份,B2O3 25-35份,ZnO 5-10份,Al2O3 0-1.5份,该无铅玻璃粉由溶胶凝胶法制备得到,其粒径分布于0.1-1μm,玻璃化温度为485℃,玻璃软化温度为541℃,热膨胀系数为6.25×10-6-6.75×10-6,优选的,筛选出玻璃粉的粒径分布于0.75-0.95μm,配合导电银粉棒状银粉长度为12μm、横向断面直径2μm,球形银粉2μm。
②复配液由邻苯二甲酸二丁酯或二乙二醇丁醚,与无水乙醇按质量比1:1-1:1.5复配形成,将该复配液缓慢滴入乙基纤维素中,搅拌均匀,直至树脂溶解,用300-500目的网布过滤除杂,即得有机载体;
③将配制好的有机载体加入到混料机中,继续加入导电银粉、玻璃粉及添加剂,添加剂包括流平剂、偶联剂、固化剂,流平剂为磷酸三丁酯或邻苯二甲酯二丁酯,偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂和钛酸酯偶联剂,固化剂为聚酰胺,流平剂、偶联剂和固化剂的质量比为1:(0.5-1):(0.5-1);充分混合后,转移至高速分散机中,分散均匀,制得均匀的浆料,将浆料于三辊轧机中,研磨,至导电银浆的细度小于10μm,即得目标产物导电银浆。
然后,将导电银浆通过丝网印刷涂于硅基体表面。先涂一层预涂膜,晾干后,烧结,烧结温度在675-700℃,然后再涂一层覆盖膜,晾干后烧结,烧结温度在550-600℃,覆盖膜厚度大于预涂膜厚度,预涂膜厚度小于0.15mm,覆盖层的厚度为0.5-0.7mm。然后对导电膜层进行附着力和电池转化效率测试。对比例1采用一次性涂膜0.7mm,并于675-700℃烧结。
具体实施例按以下表1的成分配比设计
表1-原料成分及重量
二、性能测试:
1.用太阳能模拟电效率测试仪,在标准条件下(AM1.5,1000W/m2,25℃)测试;
2.用RT-3000型四点探针电阻率测试仪测量上述导电膜层电阻率;
3. 用HZ-L16贵金属浆料附着力测试仪测试导电膜层的附着力;
具体性能状况如表2所示
表2-实施例性能测试结果
Claims (5)
1.一种光伏太阳能电池导电银浆,其特征在于,按重量份数计,包括以下成分:
导电银粉 60-80份,
树脂 8-12份,
玻璃粉 2-5份,
复配液 15-25份,
添加剂 2-3份,
其中,导电银粉包括球状银粉和棒状银粉,棒状银粉占导电银粉总量的10-15%,其余为球形银粉,棒状银粉的长度为11-13.5μm,棒状银粉的横向断面截面的直径为1.0-3μm,球形银粉粒径为2-3μm,
玻璃粉采用无铅玻璃粉,无铅玻璃粉包括Bi2O3 55-65份,SiO2 3.5-15份,B2O3 25-35份,ZnO 5-10份,Al2O3 0-1.5份,无铅玻璃粉的粒径分布于0.1-1μm,玻璃化温度为485℃,玻璃软化温度为541℃,热膨胀系数为6.25×10-6-6.75×10-6,
树脂采用乙基纤维素,复配液采用邻苯二甲酸二丁酯或二乙二醇丁醚,与无水乙醇按质量比1:1-1:1.5复配形成,
添加剂包括流平剂、偶联剂、固化剂,流平剂为磷酸三丁酯或邻苯二甲酯二丁酯,偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂,固化剂为聚酰胺,
所述导电银浆在涂于硅基体表面时,先涂一层预涂膜,烧结温度在675-700℃,然后涂一层覆盖膜,烧结温度在550-600℃,覆盖膜厚度大于预涂膜厚度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的光伏太阳能电池导电银浆,其特征在于:所述棒状银粉的长度为12μm、棒状银粉的横向断面截面直径为2μm,球形银粉粒径为2μm,玻璃粉的粒径分布于0.75-0.95μm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的光伏太阳能电池导电银浆,其特征在于:所述流平剂、偶联剂和固化剂的质量比为1:(0.5-1):(0.5-1)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的光伏太阳能电池导电银浆,其特征在于:所述预涂膜厚度小于0.15mm,覆盖层的厚度为0.5-0.7mm。
5.一种光伏太阳能电池导电银浆的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下制备步骤:①按权利要求1所述的光伏太阳能电池导电银浆中各成分的配比量,称取导电银粉、树脂、玻璃粉、溶剂、添加剂,②将溶剂中的邻苯二甲酸二丁酯或二乙二醇丁醚,与无水乙醇按质量比1:1-1:1.5复配形成复配液,将该复配液滴入乙基纤维素中,搅拌均匀,直至树脂溶解,用300-500目的网布过滤除杂,即得有机载体,③将配制好的有机载体加入到混料机中,继续加入导电银粉、玻璃粉及添加剂,充分混合后,转移至高速分散机中,分散均匀,制得均匀的浆料,将浆料于三辊轧机中,研磨,至导电银浆的细度小于10μm,即得目标产物。
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