CN114037351B

CN114037351B - Ecosystem service value evaluation model, establishing method and application

Info

Publication number: CN114037351B
Application number: CN202111435798.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李婧; 邱建; 贾刘强; 舒波; 郭安民
Original assignee: Sichuan Institute Of Urban And Rural Construction; Southwest Jiaotong University; Xihua University
Current assignee: Sichuan Institute Of Urban And Rural Construction; Southwest Jiaotong University; Xihua University
Priority date: 2021-11-29
Filing date: 2021-11-29
Publication date: 2022-12-27
Anticipated expiration: 2041-11-29
Also published as: CN114037351A

Abstract

The invention provides an ecosystem service value evaluation model, an establishment method and application. The establishing method comprises the following steps: determining the area A of various ecosystems in the target area _j (ii) a Determining basic equivalent factors of various ecosystem service functions in a target area; determining x correction coefficients in terms of natural geographic factors and y correction coefficients in terms of social economic factors of a target area, wherein x and y are integers and are not less than 1; according to the determined correction coefficient, correcting the basic equivalent factor to obtain a corrected equivalent factor V _jcf (ii) a Determining the value D of the economic price of 1 standard equivalent ecosystem service; according to A _j 、V _jcf And D value, establishing an evaluation model. The model comprises the model obtained by the method. The application is the application of the model in service value evaluation of the urban or urban group ecosystem. The method can provide support for urban ecological space ecological value evaluation, ecological space planning layout, urban planning construction, management policy making and the like.

Description

Ecosystem service value evaluation model, establishing method and application

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of urban planning and ecological environment protection, in particular to an ecological system service value evaluation model, an establishing method and application.

Background

Under the background of national strategy of ecological civilization of the new era, the service value of an ecological system is obvious. Ecosystem services are ecological products and ecological services that humans obtain directly or indirectly from ecosystems. At present, the evaluation research of the ecological system service value is mainly focused on natural ecological space, the ecological system service value of urban ecological space is not correctly known, and a uniform quantitative measuring and calculating method is not formed.

The equivalent factor method which is widely applied at present is based on global or national average value equivalent, and the spatial heterogeneity and the dynamics presented by time change caused by the regional differences of natural geography such as biomass and the like and social economy such as population density and the like in different ecosystems are not fully considered.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention is directed to solving one or more of the problems in the prior art set forth above. For example, one of the purposes of the present invention is to quantify the ecosystem service value of the urban ecological space more accurately, and the other purpose is to provide support for the planning construction, layout optimization, planning management policy establishment, etc. of the urban ecological space in the ecological civilization context.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a method for establishing a comprehensive dynamic evaluation model of economic value of a regional ecological space ecosystem service.

The method comprises the following steps: determining the areas of various ecosystems in a target area; determining basic equivalent factors of the service functions c of various ecosystems in the target area according to the land utilization type of the target area and the ecological service value equivalent table of the unit area of the Chinese ecosystem; determining x correction coefficients in terms of natural geographic factors and y correction coefficients in terms of social economic factors of a target area, wherein x is an integer and is not less than 1, and y is an integer and is not less than 1; correcting basic equivalent factors of the service functions c of various ecosystems in the target area according to the x correction factors in the aspect of natural geographic factors and the y correction factors in the aspect of social economic factors to obtain the service functions c of the j-th ecosystems in the target area through space-time correction in the aspect of natural geographic factors and social correction in the aspect of social economic factorsEquivalent factor V after space-time correction in economic factor aspect _jcf J =1,2,. Ang, n; determining 1 equivalent economic price D value of the ecosystem service function; according to the area and V of various ecosystems of the target area _jcf And D value, establishing the evaluation model, wherein the evaluation model comprises: and the dynamic ecosystem of the target area serves a calculation formula of the total economic value.

Further, the calculation formula may include:

ESV serves the total economic value, A, of the dynamic ecosystem of the target area _j The area of the class j ecosystem of the target area.

Further, V _jcf ＝S ₁ ×S ₂ ×…×S _y ×[N _t ×V _t (t＝1,2,...,x)]，S ₁ ～S _y For the correction factor in terms of the said y (i.e. 1 st to y th) socioeconomic factors, N ₁ ～N _x For the x (i.e. 1 st to x th) natural geographic factors, V _t And (4) correcting the basic equivalent factor for the service function of the ecological system.

Further, the natural geographic factor-aspect correction factor may include: net primary productivity space-time correction coefficient N ₁ Precipitation space-time correction coefficient N ₂ Soil conservation space-time correction coefficient N ₃ Biodiversity space-time correction coefficient N ₄ And landscape accessibility space-time correction factor N ₅ May be determined specifically according to the actual situation of the target area.

Further, the step of modifying the coefficients in terms of natural geographic factors may include:

obtaining N by using formula 1 ₁ The formula 1 is N ₁ ＝N _i N, wherein N _i The target area annual average NPP, N is national annual average NPP; wherein N is _i And N can be obtained by software having a spatial operation function described below.

Obtaining N by means of formula 2 ₂ The formula 2 is N ₂ ＝P _i /P, wherein P _i The annual average precipitation per unit area of the target area is taken as the precipitation; p is the annual average precipitation of unit area in the country; wherein, P _i And P can be obtained by software having a spatial operation function described below.

Obtaining N by formula 3 ₃ And formula 3 is N ₃ ＝E/E _i Wherein E is _i The average erosion intensity of the soil in the target area is set, and E is the average erosion intensity of the soil in the country; wherein E is _i And E can be obtained by software having a spatial operation function as described below.

Obtaining N by formula 4 ₄ The formula 4 is N ₄ ＝B/B _i Wherein B is _i The land type average resistance value of the target area is set, and B is the national land type average resistance value; wherein, B _i And B can be obtained by software having a spatial operation function described below.

Obtaining N by formula 5 ₅ The formula 5 is N ₅ ＝A _i A, wherein A _i Is the target area average traffic network density and a is the national average traffic network density.

Further, the socioeconomic-aspect correction factor may include: resource scarcity space-time correction coefficient S ₁ Economic development space-time correction coefficient S ₂ And social development space-time correction coefficient S ₃ May be determined specifically according to the actual situation of the target area.

Further, the step of determining a socio-economic factor correction factor may comprise:

obtaining S by formula 6 ₁ Formula 6 is S ₁ ＝logR _i /logR, wherein logR _i Is the target area average population density, logR is the national average population density;

obtaining S by formula 7 ₂ Formula 7 is S ₂ ＝G _i a/G, wherein G _i The production total value of the target regional per capita region is shown, and G is the production total value of national per capita;

obtaining S by formula 8 ₃ Formula 8 is S ₃ ＝F _i /F, wherein F _i The general public budget expenditure of the target region per capita is obtained, and the general public budget expenditure of the national per capita is obtained.

Further, V _jcf ＝S ₁ ×S ₂ ×S ₃ ×[N _t ×V _t (t＝1,2,3,4,5)]。

Further, the areas of various ecosystems of the target area can be determined by software having a spatial operation function. The software may include telemetry image interpretation software or spatial processing software.

Wherein, remote sensing image interpretation software can include: ENVI, ERDAS, PCIGeOMATICA, eCoginition, etc. The spatial processing software may include: arcGIS, QGIS (Quantum GIS), gvSIG, whitebox GAT, SAGA GIS, GRASS GIS, mapWindow, ILWIS, geoDa, uDig, diva GIS, orbisGIS, fragstats, etc.

Further, the equivalent table of ecological service value per unit area of the chinese ecosystem may include a revised equivalent table of ecological service value per unit area of the chinese ecosystem, such as the thank you land.

Further, the area may include a city, a city group, a city segment area, etc., such as a county, a district, etc.

Further, in the process of establishing the model, the time of the target area can be further specified, so as to obtain a specific evaluation model corresponding to specific time. For example, the area of various types of ecosystems for the target area at a given time is determined.

The invention provides a comprehensive dynamic evaluation model for the economic value of the regional ecological space ecosystem service.

The evaluation model may include:

V _jcf ＝S ₁ ×S ₂ ×…×S _y ×[N _t ×V _t (t＝1,2,...,x)]，

wherein the meaning of each parameter may be the same as that of the parameter in the formula in the above aspect.

Further, the natural geographic factor-aspect correction factor may be the same as in the above-described aspect.

Further, the socioeconomic-factor-side correction coefficient may be the same as in the above-described one.

Further, the region may be the same as in the above-described aspect.

In another aspect, the invention provides an application of the above comprehensive dynamic evaluation model for economic value of service of a regional ecological space ecosystem in evaluation of service value of the regional ecological space ecosystem, for example, in evaluation of service value of an urban or urban group ecological space ecosystem.

Further, the evaluation model is applied by combining software having a spatial operation function in the above "aspect".

The invention further provides a regional ecological space ecosystem service value evaluation method.

The evaluation method can comprise the step of evaluating by utilizing the comprehensive dynamic evaluation model of the economic value of the regional ecological space ecosystem service.

The invention further provides a method for evaluating the service value of the ecological system in the regional ecological space.

The method comprises the following steps: determining the area of each land coverage type of the target area at a specified time; determining basic equivalent factors of the service functions c of various ecosystems in the target area according to the land utilization type of the target area and the ecological service value equivalent table of the unit area of the Chinese ecosystem; determining x natural geographic factor correction coefficients and y socioeconomic factor correction coefficients of a target area at a specified time, wherein x is an integer and is more than or equal to 1, and y is an integer and is more than or equal to 1; correcting basic equivalent factors of the service functions c of various ecosystems in the target area according to the x correction factors in the aspect of natural geographic factors and the y correction factors in the aspect of social economic factors to obtain the service functions c of the j-th ecosystems in the target area through space-time in the aspect of natural geographic factorsEquivalent factor V after space-time correction in the aspects of correction and social and economic factors _jcf J =1,2,. Ang, n; obtaining a D value of the appointed time, wherein the D value is1 ecological system service function economic price with standard equivalent; according to the area and V of each land coverage type of the target area _jcf And D value, evaluating the service value of the regional ecological space ecosystem of the target region.

Further, the evaluation of the service value of the regional ecological space ecosystem in the target region may be performed in combination with the software having the spatial operation function in the above aspect.

Further, the step of performing the service value evaluation of the regional ecological space ecosystem of the target region may include: according to the area and V of each land coverage type of the target area _jcf D value, determining the total economic value ESV of the dynamic ecosystem service in the target area; evaluating the service value of the urban ecological space ecosystem of the target area according to the ESV;

wherein, ESV and V _jcf May be the same as the formula in the above aspect.

Further, the evaluating may include: determining at least one of an economic value of each ecosystem service type, an ecosystem service value of each land use type and a total ecosystem service value of the designated time target area.

Further, after at least one of the economic value of each ecosystem service type, the ecosystem service value of each land use type and the total ecosystem service value of the designated time target area is obtained, the software with the space operation function (such as ArcGIS) is used to combine with software such as excel, cad and photoshop to generate: at least one of an individual ecosystem service type value composition map, an individual land use type ecosystem service value composition map, and a total ecosystem service value spatial distribution map of the target region.

Further, the value of D for the specified time can be calculated according to the following formula,

D＝S _r ×F _r +S _w ×F _w +S _c ×F _c wherein S is _r 、S _w And S _c The sowing areas of the rice, the wheat and the corn in the designated time year account for the total sowing area of the three crops respectively, F _r 、F _w And F _c The average net profit per unit area of the national rice, wheat and corn of the year of the specified time.

Further, software with a spatial operation function can be utilized to determine the area of each land cover type of the target area at a given time, namely, determine A _j 。

Further, the natural geographic factor-side correction coefficient may be the same as in the above-described aspect.

Further, the step of determining the natural geographic factor aspect correction factor may be the same as in the one aspect described above.

Further, the socioeconomic-aspect correction factor may be the same as in the above-described aspect.

Further, the step of determining the socio-economic factor correction coefficient may be the same as in the above-described aspect.

Further, V _jcf ＝S ₁ ×S ₂ ×S ₃ ×[N _t ×V _t (t＝1,2,3,4,5)]The meaning of each parameter may be the same as in the above aspect.

Further, the areas of various ecosystems of the target area can be determined by software having a spatial operation function. The software having the spatial operation function may be the same as the software in the above "one aspect".

Further, the region may be the same as in the above "aspect".

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention can include: the invention establishes an ecological system service value comprehensive evaluation model corrected by two factors of natural geography and social economy, expands the original ecological system service value evaluation system for space-time correction based on a certain aspect, constructs an evaluation method closer to the urban ecological space ecological system service value, and provides methods and bases for urban ecological space ecological system service value evaluation, ecological space planning layout, urban planning management policy making and the like.

Drawings

The above and other objects and features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of the expression of the cover type of a target area drawn by ArcGIS software in 2010;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the expression of the cover type of the target region drawn by ArcGIS software in 2020;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating economic value composition of types of ecosystem services in target areas in 2010 and 2020;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the service value composition of the ecosystem of the respective land use type in the target area in 2010 and 2020;

FIG. 5 shows a 2010 target area total ecosystem service value spatial distribution diagram;

fig. 6 shows a schematic diagram of spatial distribution of total ecosystem service value in target area in 2020.

Detailed Description

Hereinafter, the ecosystem service value evaluation model, the establishment method and the application of the invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the exemplary embodiments.

Exemplary embodiment 1

The exemplary embodiment provides a method for establishing a comprehensive dynamic evaluation model of the service value of a regional ecological space ecosystem.

The method may comprise the steps of:

(1) And determining the areas of various ecosystems in the target area.

This step can obtain the area of each land cover type of the target area by software having a spatial operation function. The software having the spatial operation function may be the same as that in exemplary embodiment 2.

(2) And determining basic equivalent factors of the service functions c of various ecosystems in the target area according to the land utilization type of the target area and the ecological service value equivalent table of the unit area of the Chinese ecosystem.

Further, the equivalent table of ecological service value per unit area of chinese ecosystem may include the equivalent table of ecological service value per unit area of chinese ecosystem revised in the xigao district and the like (in 2008 or 2015).

(3) And performing space-time correction of two factors of natural geography and social economy of the target area.

The correction can utilize a standard equivalence coefficient spatio-temporal correction model, which can comprise a two-part spatio-temporal correction model: a natural geographic factor space-time correction model and a social economic factor space-time correction model.

The natural geographic factor space-time correction model comprises the following steps: v _jcm ＝N _t ×V _t (t＝1,2,...,x)。

Wherein, V _jcm The equivalent factor is obtained by space-time correction of the service function c of the j-th type ecosystem of the target area in terms of natural geographic factors; n is a radical of _t Is a t-type time space correction coefficient, V, of the target area _t And (4) a basic equivalent factor before the service function of the t-th type ecosystem is corrected.

Further, V _jcm ＝N _t ×V _t (t＝1,2,3,4,5)。

Wherein N is ₁ For the net primary productivity space-time correction factor, N ₂ For space-time correction coefficients of precipitation, N ₃ Maintaining a space-time correction coefficient for soil, N ₄ Is a biodiversity space-time correction coefficient, N ₅ And the coefficients are corrected in time and space for the accessibility of the landscape.

V ₁ The equivalent factor before correction refers to the functions of food production, raw material production, gas regulation, climate regulation, environment purification and nutrient cycle maintenance service; six types of service functions of food production, raw material production, gas conditioning, climate conditioning, environmental purification and nutrient cycle maintenance are simultaneously carried out by the net primary productivitySpace-time correction factor N ₁ And (6) correcting. V ₂ Correcting the pre-equivalence factor for water resource supply and hydrologic regulation service functions; water resource supply and hydrologic regulation two service functions simultaneously precipitated by space-time correction coefficient N ₂ And (6) correcting. V ₃ Refers to the equivalent factor before the soil maintenance service function is corrected. V ₄ Refers to the equivalent factor of the biodiversity service function before correction. V ₅ Refers to the equivalent factor before the aesthetic landscape service function is modified.

The space-time correction model for the socioeconomic factors comprises the following steps: v _jcf ＝S ₁ ×S ₂ ×…×S _y ×V _jcm 。

Wherein, V _jcf And the equivalent factor of the service function c of the j-th ecological system in the target area after space-time correction in terms of natural geographic factors and space-time correction in terms of social economic factors.

Further, V _jcf ＝S ₁ ×S ₂ ×S ₃ ×V _jcm . Wherein S is ₁ Space-time correction coefficient, S, for resource scarcity of target area ₂ A spatio-temporal correction factor for economic development of the target region; s ₃ Spatio-temporal correction coefficients are developed for the society of the target area.

(4) Calculating 1 standard equivalent economic price

The grain yield value of the national farmland ecosystem is mainly calculated according to three major grain crops of rice, wheat and corn, and the economic price calculated based on the percentage (%) of the sowing area of the rice, the wheat and the corn in the current year to the total sowing area of the three crops and the average net profit (yuan/ha) of the unit area of the three crops is taken as the 1 standard equivalent economic price in the current year, and the calculation formula is as follows:

D＝S _r ×F _r +S _w ×F _w +S _c ×F _c in the formula: d represents the economic price (Yuan/ha) of the ecosystem service function with 1 standard equivalent; s _r 、S _w And S _c Respectively showing the percentage (%) of the sowing area of the rice, the wheat and the corn in the country in the current year to the total sowing area of the three crops; f _r 、F _w And F _c Respectively representThe average net profit (yuan/ha) per unit area of rice, wheat and corn throughout the country of the year is studied.

Wherein, the D value (Yuan/ha) can be obtained according to the Chinese statistics yearbook, the national agricultural product cost and income data compilation and the formula.

(5) And establishing a comprehensive dynamic evaluation model of the total economic value of the ecosystem service.

The specific calculation formula is as follows:

wherein, the ESV serves the total economic value (element) of the dynamic ecosystem service of the target area; d and V _jcf See above; a. The _j The area of the j-th ecosystem of the target area (such as the area of cultivated land, unit: ha).

C in the above refers to the service function of the ecosystem, for example c refers to the class 11 service function of the ecosystem: food production, raw material production, water resource supply, gas regulation, climate regulation, environment purification, hydrologic regulation, soil conservation, maintenance of nutrient circulation, biodiversity, aesthetic landscape.

In the above, j refers to an ecosystem, such as: farmland, forest, grassland, wetland, desert, water area, etc.

In this example, NPP (net primary productivity) can be used to regulate spatiotemporal heterogeneity in food production, raw material production, gas conditioning, climate conditioning, environmental purification, maintenance of nutrient cycle 6 ecosystem service functions in farmlands, forests, grasslands, deserts 4 large categories of land ecosystems. The specific calculation formula is as follows:

net primary productivity space-time correction factor N ₁ ＝N _i and/N is used. In the formula, N _i Indicates the target zone annual average NPP (unit: gram carbon/square meter); n means the national annual average NPP (unit: g carbon/m).

Wherein N is _i And N may be obtained by software with spatial arithmetic functionality, for example, national NPP data may be sourced from chinese academy, the pixel size (x, y) is (500,500 Or (1000 ). Importing national NPP raster data of the year in which the specified time is located into ArcGIS software (such as ArcGIS 10.5), unifying a coordinate system into WGS _1984utm _zone48n (of course, the invention is not limited to the coordinate system, and other coordinate systems commonly used in the art can be adopted), looking at the "source" in the "layer attribute", finding the average value thereof, and recording the average value as the national NPP average value; and (3) cutting the image into the area range of the target area by using a mask extraction tool to obtain the NPP raster data of the target area of the year of the specified time, checking the source in the attribute of the layer, finding the average value of the source and recording the average value as the NPP average value of the target area.

N _i And N may also be obtained by looking up the spatial distribution of the NPP over the years after the area of investigation has been scoped, for example directly in the spatial distribution map of the NPP over the years which has been calculated by the chinese academy.

In this embodiment, the water resource supply and hydrologic regulation class 2 ecosystem service functions of farmland, forest, grassland, wetland, desert and waters class 6 ecosystems can be regulated spatio-temporal heterogeneity from a supply perspective using precipitation.

Precipitation space-time correction coefficient N ₂ ＝P _i and/P. In the formula, P _i Means the annual average precipitation per unit area (unit: mm) of the target region; p is the annual average precipitation per unit area (unit: mm) throughout the country.

Wherein, P _i And P can be obtained by the software having the spatial operation function described above. For example, the national precipitation data may be derived from Chinese academy floating point type data with a pel size (x, y) of (1000 ). Importing the national rainfall grid data of the year in which the specified time is located into ArcGIS software (such as ArcGIS 10.5), unifying a coordinate system into a WGS _1984UTM zone 48N (of course, the invention is not limited to the coordinate system, and other coordinate systems commonly used in the field can be adopted), checking the 'source' in the 'layer attribute', finding the average value of the 'source' and recording the average value as the national rainfall average value of the year in which the specified time is located; cutting the image into the region range of the target region by using a 'extracting tool according to the mask' to obtain a fingerAnd (3) timing the precipitation raster data of the target area of the year, checking the source in the attribute of the layer, finding the average value of the precipitation raster data, and recording the average value as the precipitation average value of the target area.

In this embodiment, the soil conservation services of the ecosystem are closely related to the level of soil erosion. Can use soil to keep space-time correction coefficient (N) ₃ ) The space-time heterogeneity adjustment is carried out on the soil maintenance service functions of 5 types of ecosystems of farmlands, forests, grasslands, wetlands and deserts.

Soil conservation space-time correction coefficient N ₃ ＝E/E _i . In the formula, E _i Indicating the average soil erosion strength of the target area; e refers to the average erosion intensity of soil across the country.

According to the type of the external operation of the corrosion which plays a leading role, the national soil corrosion is divided into 3 categories of hydraulic corrosion, wind corrosion and freeze-thaw corrosion, and the corrosion strength is graded from slight to severe by 6 grades, which is shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 national soil erosion Classification System

The values 1 to 6,1 represent mild erosion and 2 represents mild erosion according to the soil erosion intensity rating (secondary type). Wherein, the average erosion intensity of the soil in the region and the country can be calculated through ArcGIS software.

Specifically, the national soil erosion intensity data may be derived from the Chinese academy, integer data with a pixel size (x, y) of (1000 ) or 1:25 thousands of vector data. The data classification mode comprises two levels, wherein the first-level type comprises three items of hydraulic erosion, wind erosion and freeze-thaw erosion, the second-level type comprises six items of micro degree, mild degree, moderate degree, strength, polar strength and violent degree, the six levels comprise six levels from micro degree to violent degree in hydraulic erosion and wind erosion, and the four levels comprise four levels from micro degree to strength in freeze-thaw erosion. Importing national soil erosion data into ArcGIS software (such as ArcGIS 10.5), unifying a coordinate system, such as WGS _1984UTM _zone _48N (certainly, the invention is not limited to the coordinate system, and other common coordinate systems in the field can also be adopted), assigning grids according to the secondary types of soil erosion by using a reclassification tool, wherein the ranges from micro degrees to severe degrees are 1-6 respectively, then looking at the source in the attribute of the layer, finding the average value of the grid and recording the average value as the national soil erosion intensity average value; and (3) cutting the image into a region range of a target region by using a mask-based extraction tool to obtain soil erosion intensity data of the target region, and checking a source in the attribute of the layer to obtain an average value of the soil erosion intensity of the target region.

In this example, biodiversity refers to the diversity and variability of living organisms and their ecocomplexes, and is a generic term for all species of organisms, intraspecific genetic variation, and their living environments.

The distribution and survival of species are closely related to the living environment of organisms, namely the quality of the habitats of the organisms, and the habitats quality is the basis and the precondition of the biodiversity. The migration movement of species is influenced by habitat resistance, and different types of landscape plaques have different resistance to species migration, resulting in different species diversity.

The present invention can use a cost distance function in ArcGIS software (e.g., arcGIS 10.5) to estimate the level of resistance to biological migration, determined by the "source of biodiversity" and the cost distance. In view of the fact that forests are the habitat type with the highest biodiversity, the method extracts forest land from land utilization data to serve as a biodiversity source, is most suitable for survival, and has the smallest migration resistance; other land use type migration resistance values are referenced in table 2.

TABLE 2 degree of resistance for different land types

The resistance values of different land types represent the resistance of the animals migrating in different land types, 1 represents the minimum migration resistance and the most suitable habitat for survival, and 10 represents the maximum migration resistance and the most suitable habitat for survival; other sites include sandy, gobi, saline-alkali land, marshland, bare land, bare rock texture, etc.

Determining a cost value: and assigning the grid data of the earth surface coverage data map layer by using a reclassification tool according to the resistance values of different land use types, and calculating the cost distance from each land use type to the source land by using an ArcGIS cost distance tool to obtain an average resistance value.

The invention can apply the biodiversity space-time correction coefficient (N) ₄ ) The space-time heterogeneity of the biodiversity service functions of 6 major ecosystems such as farmlands, forests, grasslands and the like is regulated.

N ₄ The specific calculation formula of (A) is as follows: n is a radical of ₄ ＝B/B _i . In the formula, B _i Indicating the average resistance value of the land types in the target area; b refers to the national land type average resistance value.

B _i And B can be obtained by ArcGIS. Specifically, the national cost resistance average value data of the year in which the specified time is located is integer data having a pixel size (x, y) of (30, 30) based on the national surface coverage data of the year. The data classification mode has two levels, wherein the primary type is farmland, forest, grassland, construction land, water area and other land, the secondary type is paddy field, dry land, forest, high coverage grassland, medium coverage grassland, low coverage grassland, town construction land, rural residential site, other construction land, water area and other land, each secondary classification has corresponding resistance value, the ground surface coverage data of the year of the specified time is imported into ArcGIS software (such as ArcGIS 10.5), the coordinate system is unified, for example, the coordinate system is unified as WGS _1984UTM zone 48N (of course, the invention is not limited to the coordinate system, and other common coordinate systems in the field can also be adopted), and then the calculation of cost resistance is started. Firstly, extracting cost source, using 'forest land' as source of animal migration, using 'extracting by attribute' tool to extract 'forest land' from national surface coverage data layer, and making it into oneA raster data layer which is a national cost source layer; secondly, determining a cost value, and reassigning the raster data of the nationwide ground surface coverage data map layer by using a reclassification tool, wherein the new value is resistance of various land coverage types, and the newly obtained map layer is a nationwide cost map layer according to the strength of the resistance of 1,2,3,4,5, 6, 8 and 10; then, calculating a cost distance, and calculating a national cost source map layer and a national cost map layer by using a cost distance tool to obtain a national cost resistance map layer; and finally, obtaining the national land type average resistance value by looking up the source in the layer attribute.

Because the cost distance method is related to the migration distance, the cost resistance map layer of the target area cannot be directly obtained by cutting the cost resistance map nationwide, and needs to be recalculated based on the ground surface coverage condition of the area, and the process is as follows: and (3) cutting the national earth surface coverage data into the area range of the target area by using a mask-based extraction tool to obtain integer data of the earth surface coverage data of the target area in the year of the specified time, wherein the pixel size (x, y) is (30, 30). Firstly, extracting a cost source, taking a 'forest land' as a source of migration of the mobile plants, extracting the 'forest land' from a ground surface coverage data layer of a target area by using an 'extracting according to attributes' tool, and independently forming a grid data layer which is a cost source layer of the target area; secondly, determining a cost value, and reassigning the grid data of the earth surface coverage data map layer of the target area by using a reclassification tool, wherein the new value is resistance of various land coverage types, the resistance is respectively 1,2,3,4,5, 6, 8 and 10 according to the strength of the resistance, and the newly obtained map layer is a cost map layer of the target area; then, calculating a cost distance, and calculating a cost source map layer of the target area and a cost map layer of the target area by using a cost distance tool to obtain a cost resistance map layer of the target area; and finally, obtaining the land type average resistance value of the target area of the year in which the specified time is located by looking up the source in the layer attribute.

In the present embodiment, the landscape accessibility spatio-temporal correction factor (N) is applied ₅ ) For farmland, forest, grassland and wetlandAnd the 6-type ecological system aesthetic landscape service functions of the desert and the water area are used for carrying out space-time heterogeneity adjustment, and the landscape accessibility of the whole country and the regions is expressed by utilizing the density of the traffic road network, namely the more convenient the road traffic of a certain region is, the higher the cultural entertainment service supply potential of the ecological system is. The specific calculation formula is as follows:

N ₅ ＝A _i and/A. In the formula, A _i Mean road network density (km/km) in target area ² ) (ii) a A means the national average road network density (km/km) ² )。

A _i the/A can be obtained through a road network density monitoring report of the main cities of China, and can also be calculated by GIS software by means of basic data.

In the embodiment, the logarithm of population density can be used for constructing the space-time correction coefficient (S) of the resource scarcity degree ₁ ) In the social and economic aspects, 11 types of ecosystem services such as food production, raw material production, and water resource supply of 6 types of ecosystems such as farmlands, forests, lawns, and the like are subjected to spatiotemporal heterogeneity adjustment.

S ₁ The specific calculation formula is as follows: s. the ₁ ＝logR _i /logR, in which R _i Mean average population density (people/km) of target area ² ) (ii) a R means the national average population density (people/km) ² )。

In this embodiment, the total production per capita and domestic production value can be used to correct the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of 11 types of ecosystem services such as food production, raw material production, and water resource supply in 6 types of ecosystems such as farmlands, forests, and lawns, in terms of social and economic factors.

S ₂ The specific calculation formula of (A) is as follows: s. the ₂ ＝G _i a/G, in the formula, G _i Indicating the production total value (yuan) of per capita regions in the target area; g is the total value (Yuan) of domestic production of the nationwide population.

In this embodiment, the social development spatiotemporal correction coefficient (S) can be constructed using the per-capita common budget expenditure ₃ ) From the social and economic factors level, the time-space heterogeneity is regulated for 11 types of ecosystem services such as food production, raw material production, and water resource supply of 6 types of ecosystems such as farmland, forest, grassland, etc。

S ₃ The specific calculation formula of (2) is: s. the ₃ ＝F _i a/F, wherein F _i Indicating that the target area is generally in public budget expenditure (yuan); f refers to the national common budget expenditure (dollar).

S ₁ 、S ₂ And S ₃ Can be obtained by querying the relevant statistical yearbook.

Exemplary embodiment 2

The exemplary embodiment provides a comprehensive dynamic evaluation model for service value of a regional ecological space ecosystem. The model may include the model established by the exemplary embodiment described above.

V _jcf ＝S ₁ ×S ₂ ×…×S _y ×[N _t ×V _t (t＝1,2,...,x)]，

Wherein, ESV is the total economic value of the dynamic ecosystem service in the target area, D is the economic price of the ecosystem service function with 1 standard equivalent, A _j Area of the j-th ecosystem of the target area;

V _jcf the equivalent factor S of the service function c of the j-th type ecosystem of the target area after space-time correction on the aspect of natural geographic factors and space-time correction on the aspect of social economic factors ₁ ～S _y Correction factor for y socio-economic factors of the target area, N ₁ ～N _x Correction factor, V, for x natural geographic factors of the target area _t And the basic equivalent factor before the correction is carried out on the service function of the ecological system.

The evaluation model may be applied in combination with software having a spatial operation function to perform correlation evaluation. The software with the spatial operation function may include: remote sensing image interpretation software and space processing software.

The remote sensing image interpretation software can comprise: ENVI, ERDAS, PCIGeOMATICA, eCoginition, etc. The spatial processing software may include: arcGIS, QGIS (Quantum GIS), gvSIG, whitebox GAT, SAGA GIS, GRASS GIS, mapWindow, ILWIS, geoDa, uDig, diva GIS, orbisGIS, fragstats, etc.

Preferably, the present invention can utilize ArcGIS software.

Exemplary embodiment 3

The exemplary embodiment provides a method for evaluating the service value of an ecological system of a regional ecological space. The evaluation method may include the steps of:

(1) And obtaining the area of each land coverage type of the target area at the designated time by using software with a space operation function.

The software having the spatial operation function may be the same as that in exemplary embodiment 2.

For example, this step may include: according to the land utilization type of the target area, selecting and processing an ecological service value equivalent table of the unit area of the Chinese ecosystem to obtain a first equivalent table, wherein the first equivalent table is a land utilization classification static value equivalent table of the target area and has basic equivalent factors of service functions c of various ecosystems of the target area.

(3) And determining x natural geographic factor correction coefficients and y socioeconomic factor correction coefficients of the target area, wherein x is an integer and is not less than 1, and y is an integer and is not less than 1.

Further, the natural geographic factor-wise correction factor may be the same as N in exemplary embodiment 1 ₁ 、N ₂ 、N ₃ 、N ₄ And N ₅ Also, these coefficient obtaining processes are the same as in exemplary embodiment 1.

Further, the socioeconomic-factor-side correction coefficient may be similar to that of S in exemplary embodiment 1 ₁ 、S ₂ And S ₃ Also, the obtaining process of these coefficients may be the same as in exemplary embodiment 1.

(4) Correcting the basic equivalent factor of the service function c of each type of ecosystem in the target area according to the x correction factors in the aspect of natural geographic factors and the y correction factors in the aspect of social economic factors to obtain the equivalent factor V of the service function c of the j type ecosystem in the target area after space-time correction in the aspect of natural geographic factors and space-time correction in the aspect of social economic factors _jcf ，j＝1,2,...,n。

For example, this step may include: correcting the first equivalent table according to the x correction coefficients of the natural geographic factors and the y correction coefficients of the social economic factors to obtain a dynamic equivalent table of the target area after the correction of the natural geographic factors and the social economic factors, wherein the dynamic equivalent table is V _jcf In a preferred embodiment of (1).

(5) And obtaining the value D of the specified time, wherein D is the economic price of the ecosystem service function with 1 standard equivalent.

(6) According to the area and V of each land coverage type of the target area _jcf And D value, evaluating the service value of the regional ecological space ecosystem of the target region. The evaluation may include: at least one of an economic value of each ecosystem service type, an ecosystem service value of each land use type, and a total ecosystem service value (i.e., ESV) of the designated time target area is determined.

Specifically, the step may include: according to the area and V of each land coverage type of the target area _jcf And D value, determining the total economic value ESV of the dynamic ecosystem service in the target area;

evaluating the service value of the regional ecological space ecosystem of the target region according to the ESV;

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

A _j area of the j-th ecosystem of the target area;

V _jcf ＝S ₁ ×S ₂ ×…×S _y ×[N _t ×V _t (t＝1,2,...,x)]，S ₁ ～S _y correction factor for y socio-economic factors of the target area, N ₁ ～N _x Correction factor, V, for x natural geographic factors of the target area _t And (4) correcting the basic equivalent factor for the service function of the ecological system.

In this embodiment, the method may further include the steps of: and determining the economic unit price of various ecosystem service functions in unit area of the target area.

Specifically, the economic unit price table of various ecosystem service functions in unit area of the target area can be obtained by taking the dynamic equivalent table of the target area after being corrected by two factors, namely natural geography and social economy, as a base number and multiplying the base number by a value D.

In the present embodiment, the economic price D value of the ecosystem service function of 1 standard equivalent can be the same as that in exemplary embodiment 1.

The economic value per unit area of the ecosystem service of the target area can be the same as in exemplary embodiment 1.

In order that the above-described exemplary embodiments of the invention may be better understood, they are further described below in connection with specific examples.

The example takes the service value evaluation of the urban ecological space ecosystem in two years in 2010 and 2020 in a certain area as an application example for verification, and comprises the following steps:

(1) 2010 and 2020 target area ground surface coverage type area and change thereof

The 2010 and 2020 surface coverage data for the target area in this example originates from the global surface coverage official web (http:// www. Globallandcover. Com) and the coordinate system employed may be one commonly used in the art, such as WGS _1984utm _zone48n. The method comprises the steps of downloading the surface coverage grid data of the map sheet where the target area is located on the global surface coverage official network (downloaded in 2010 and 2020 respectively), importing the land utilization data and the target area planning range line data into ArcGIS10.5 software, unifying a coordinate system into WGS _1984UTM _zone _48N, and then cutting the image by using a mask extraction tool to obtain the surface coverage data in the target area planning range. Then, adjusting the color of the symbol system, performing operations such as adding legends, north pointers, scales and the like under the 'layout view' and adjusting page setting to derive pictures to obtain expression diagrams after the interpretation of the ground covering types of the target areas in 2010 and 2020, which are respectively shown in fig. 1 and 2; and acquiring the earth surface coverage area and a change table thereof (table 3) of the target region in 2010-2020 by using a GIS space statistics and analysis function.

TABLE 3 comparison table of changes of surface coverage area of target area 2010-2020

(2) Evaluation of service value of ecological space ecosystem of target area

The method is based on the national-scale first-level land utilization classification static price equivalent table (table 5) obtained by selecting and processing the table 4 according to the first-level land utilization type of the target area on the basis of the revised ecological service price equivalent table (table 4) of the unit area of the Chinese ecosystem in Xigaoshi, etc. (2015).

TABLE 4 ecological service value equivalent table for unit area of Chinese ecosystem

TABLE 5 national scale first-level land utilization classification static value equivalent table

(1) Standard equivalence coefficient space-time correction

1) Natural geography factor space-time correction

a. Net Primary Productivity (NPP) spatio-temporal correction coefficient (N) ₁ )

The formula N in the above-described exemplary embodiment 1 is applied ₁ ＝N _i N, substituting target area and national NPP data (NPP data is from resource environmental science data center https:// www.resdc.cn of China academy of sciences) which are subjected to ArcGISI 10.5 spatial statistics operation, and obtaining N ₁ Numerical values.

Using N ₁ Multiplying the equivalent value of the service function value of the 6 types of ecological systems of the 3 types of land ecosystems of cultivated land, forest land and grassland in the table 5, such as food production, raw material production, gas regulation, climate regulation, environment purification and nutrient circulation maintenance to obtain the product ₁ Value equivalent after adjustment of coefficient spatiotemporal heterogeneity.

b. Precipitation space-time correction factor (N) ₂ )

The formula N in the above exemplary embodiment 1 is applied ₂ ＝P _i The N can be obtained by substituting the target area subjected to ArcGIS10.5 spatial statistical operation and national precipitation data (the precipitation data is from resource environmental science data center https:// www.resdc.cn of China academy of sciences), and ₂ numerical values. Using N ₂ Multiplying the equivalent value of water resource supply and hydrologic regulation 2 types of ecological system service function values of 5 types of ecological systems of cultivated land, forest land, grassland, wetland and water body in the table 5 to obtain the product N ₂ Value equivalent adjusted for coefficient spatiotemporal heterogeneity.

c. Soil conservation space-time correction factor (N) ₃ )

The formula N in the above exemplary embodiment 1 is applied ₃ ＝E/E _i The target area subjected to ArcGIS10.5 spatial statistics and the national soil average erosion intensity data (the soil erosion intensity data come from resource environmental science data center https:// www.resdc.cn of Chinese academy of sciences) are brought in, and N can be obtained ₃ Numerical values. Using N ₃ Multiplying the equivalent value of the soil conservation service function value of 4 types of ecosystems of cultivated land, woodland, grassland and wetland in the table 5 to obtain the product N ₃ Adjusted value of coefficient space-time heterogeneityAmount of the compound (A).

d. Biodiversity spatio-temporal correction coefficient (N) ₄ )

The formula N in the above exemplary embodiment 1 is applied ₄ ＝B/B _i The target area and national land type average resistance value data calculated by ArcGIS10.5 space statistics are brought in (the land utilization remote sensing monitoring data is from resource environmental science data center https:// www.resdc.cn of China academy of sciences; the resistance degrees of different land types are shown in table 2, and N can be obtained ₄ Numerical values.

The coefficient is multiplied by the biodiversity service function value equivalent of 5 major ecosystems of table 5, such as cultivated land, forest land, grassland, wetland and water body to obtain N ₄ Value equivalent after adjustment of coefficient spatiotemporal heterogeneity.

e. Landscape accessibility space-time correction factor (N) ₅ )

The formula N in the above-described exemplary embodiment 1 is applied ₅ ＝A _i A, the density data of the road network in the target area and the whole country (the density data of the road network comes from the density monitoring report of the road network of the main cities in China) is brought in, and N can be obtained ₅ The numerical value is multiplied by the aesthetic landscape function value equivalent of 5 types of ecosystems of cultivated land, forest land, grassland, wetland and water body in the table 5 to obtain the product N ₅ Value equivalent after adjustment of coefficient spatiotemporal heterogeneity.

f. Natural geography factor space-time correction

Synthesizing the 5 spatio-temporal correction coefficients in terms of the natural geographic factors, and performing spatio-temporal correction according to the natural geographic factors, namely, the formula V in the exemplary embodiment 1 _jcm ＝N _t ×V _t (t =1,2,3,4,5), the class 6 ecosystem and the class 11 ecosystem service function of the table 5 are subjected to value equivalent correction, and a value equivalent table for the target area (table 6) subjected to space-time correction by natural geographic factors is obtained.

TABLE 6 service value equivalent table of target area ecosystem corrected by natural geographic factors

2) Socio-economic factor spatio-temporal correction

a. Resource scarcity space-time correction coefficient (S) ₁ )

Applying the formula S in the above exemplary embodiment 1 ₁ ＝logR _i LogR, which is brought into the target area and the national average population density data (the population data comes from the annual book of Chinese statistics and the annual book of local statistics), and can obtain S ₁ Numerical values.

b. Economic development spatio-temporal correction coefficient (S) ₂ )

Applying the formula S in the above exemplary embodiment 1 ₂ ＝G _i and/G, bringing in the target area and the total production value in the national per capita and the total production value data in the per capita area (the total production value in the national per capita and the total production value data in the per capita area are from the annual book of Chinese statistics and the annual book of local statistics), and obtaining S ₂ Numerical values.

c. Social development spatio-temporal correction coefficient (S) ₃ )

The formula S in the above exemplary embodiment 1 is applied ₃ ＝F _i The general public budget expenditure data of everyone in the target area and the whole country (the general public budget expenditure data of everyone comes from the annual book of Chinese statistics and the annual book of local statistics), and S can be obtained ₃ Numerical values.

d. Socio-economic factor spatio-temporal correction

Based on the above-mentioned 3 spatio-temporal correction coefficients in the socio-economic factor, table 6, and the socio-economic factor spatio-temporal correction model, i.e., formula V in the above-mentioned exemplary embodiment 1 _jcf ＝S ₁ ×S ₂ ×S ₃ ×V _jcm A dynamic equivalent factor table obtained by modifying the target area by two factors of natural geography and social economy is shown in table 7 below.

TABLE 7 service value equivalent table of target area ecosystem corrected by two factors of natural geography and social economy

(2) Economic price of standard equivalent

According to the formula D = S in "national annual book 2020", "national agricultural product cost and income data compilation 2011" and the above exemplary embodiment 1 _r ×F _r +S _w ×F _w +S _c ×F _c The D value (1 standard equivalent economic price) is 3508.6 yuan/ha.

(3) Economic value of ecosystem service in unit area

From the D value and table 7, economic values per unit area of 11 types of ecosystem services, such as food production, raw material production, and water resource supply, of 5 types of ecosystems in the target area, such as cultivated land, forest land, grassland, wetland, and water can be obtained, as shown in table 8.

TABLE 8 economic value table (Unit: yuan/ha) for ecosystem service in target area unit

(4) Evaluation of service value of ecological space ecosystem in target area

By combining the areas of the land coverage types of the target areas in 2010 and 2020, a comprehensive dynamic evaluation model of the service value of the ecological space ecosystem is applied, the economic value of each ecosystem service type, the service value of each land utilization type ecosystem and the total ecosystem service value of the target areas in 2010 and 2020 are calculated by means of ArcGISI 10.5 software, and a schematic diagram of the economic value composition of each ecosystem service type of the target areas in 2010 and 2020 as shown in FIG. 3 and a schematic diagram of the service value composition of each ecosystem service type of the target areas in 2010 and 2020 as shown in FIG. 4 are drawn by Excel and Cad. And drawing a spatial distribution diagram of the total ecosystem service value of the target area in 2010 as shown in fig. 5 and a spatial distribution diagram of the total ecosystem service value of the target area in 2020 as shown in fig. 6 through ArcGISI 10.5 and photoshop.

In the drawing of fig. 5 and 6, after the total ESV of 2010 and 2020 is calculated by the model, the total service values of the land utilization types of the target areas of 2010 and 2020 are sorted, and are divided into four value intervals of 100-1000 ten thousand yuan, 1000-3000 ten thousand yuan, 30000-100000 ten thousand yuan and >100000 ten thousand yuan according to the numerical values, the land utilization type of each year has a corresponding value interval (where the artificial earth surface does not participate in the value calculation), and the color of the corresponding land coverage type is adjusted according to the value interval in the symbol system of the corresponding land coverage layer in the GIS software; adding legends, compass, scale and the like under the layout view, and adjusting the page to set and export pictures; and then, photo shot is used for adjusting the color, the typesetting and the like of the drawing.

In summary, the advantages of the present invention can include: by applying the method, the value equivalent of the Xigao land and the like based on the national average level can be converted into the specific area through the coefficient correction of the natural geography and the social economy, the ecological system service value of the specific urbanized area is evaluated by applying the comprehensive dynamic evaluation model of the regional ecological space ecological system service value, the contribution power is provided for the planning and construction practice of the target region city, and the reference is provided for the quantitative evaluation of the ecological system service value of other urbanized areas.

Although the present invention has been described above in connection with exemplary embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and changes may be made to the exemplary embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for establishing a regional ecological space ecosystem service economic value comprehensive dynamic evaluation model is characterized in that the evaluation model is used for urban planning, the region comprises a city, a city group or a city part region, and the method comprises the following steps:

determining the areas of various ecosystems in a target area; determining the areas of various ecosystems of a target area through software with a space operation function;

determining basic equivalent factors of the service functions c of various ecosystems in the target area according to the land utilization type of the target area and the ecological service value equivalent table of the unit area of the Chinese ecosystem;

determining x correction coefficients in terms of natural geographic factors and y correction coefficients in terms of social economic factors of a target area, wherein x is an integer and is not less than 1, and y is an integer and is not less than 1;

correcting the basic equivalent factor of the service function c of each type of ecosystem in the target area according to the x correction factors in the aspect of natural geographic factors and the y correction factors in the aspect of social economic factors to obtain the equivalent factor V of the service function c of the j type ecosystem in the target area after space-time correction in the aspect of natural geographic factors and space-time correction in the aspect of social economic factors _jcf ，j＝1,2,...,n；

Determining economic price D values of 1 standard equivalent of the service functions of the ecological system;

according to the area and V of various ecosystems of the target area _jcf And D value, establishing the evaluation model, wherein the evaluation model comprises: a calculation formula of the total economic value of the dynamic ecosystem service of the target area;

the calculation formula comprises:

ESV serves the total economic value, A, of the dynamic ecosystem of the target area _j Area of the j-th ecosystem of the target area;

V _jcf ＝S ₁ ×S ₂ ×…×S _y ×[N _t ×V _t (t＝1,2,...,x)]，S ₁ ～S _y for the correction factor in terms of the said y (i.e. 1 st to y th) socioeconomic factors, N ₁ ～N _x Modifying a coefficient, V, for said x (i.e., 1 st to x th) natural geographic factors _t Basic equivalent factors before correction for the service functions of the ecosystem;

D＝S _r ×F _r +S _w ×F _w +S _c ×F _c wherein S is _r 、S _w And S _c The sowing areas of the rice, the wheat and the corn in the whole country are respectively the percentage of the total sowing area of the three crops, F _r 、F _w And F _c The average net profits per unit area of rice, wheat and corn in China respectively;

the natural geographic factor-wise correction factor includes: net primary productivity space-time correction coefficient N ₁ Precipitation space-time correction coefficient N ₂ Soil conservation space-time correction coefficient N ₃ Biodiversity space-time correction coefficient N ₄ And landscape accessibility space-time correction factor N ₅ ；N ₁ Performing space-time heterogeneity regulation on food production, raw material production, gas regulation, climate regulation, environment purification and nutrient circulation maintaining 6 types of ecological system service functions of 4 types of land ecological systems of farmlands, forests, grasslands and deserts; n is a radical of hydrogen ₂ Performing space-time heterogeneity regulation on water resource supply and hydrologic regulation 2 ecological system service functions of 6 ecological systems of farmlands, forests, grasslands, wetlands, deserts and water areas; n is a radical of hydrogen ₃ Performing space-time heterogeneity regulation on soil maintenance service functions of 5 kinds of ecological systems of farmlands, forests, grasslands, wetlands and deserts; n is a radical of ₄ Performing space-time heterogeneity regulation on biodiversity service functions of 6 types of ecological systems in farmlands, forests, grasslands, wetlands, deserts and water areas; n is a radical of hydrogen ₅ Performing space-time heterogeneity adjustment on aesthetic landscape service functions of 6 types of ecological systems in farmlands, forests, grasslands, wetlands, deserts and water areas;

the socioeconomic factor-aspect correction factor includes: resource scarcity space-time correction coefficient S ₁ Economic development space-time correction coefficient S ₂ And social development space-time correction coefficient S ₃ ；

The step of determining a correction factor in terms of natural geographic factors comprises:

obtaining N by Using formula 1 ₁ The formula 1 is N ₁ ＝N _i N, wherein N _i The target area annual average NPP is shown, and N is the national annual average NPP;

obtaining N by formula 2 ₂ And formula 2 is N ₂ ＝P _i /P, wherein P _i The annual average precipitation per unit area of the target area is taken as the precipitation; p is the annual average precipitation of unit area in China;

obtaining N by formula 3 ₃ And formula 3 is N ₃ ＝E/E _i Wherein E is _i The average erosion intensity of the soil in the target area is E, and the average erosion intensity of the soil in the country is E;

obtaining N by formula 4 ₄ And formula 4 is N ₄ ＝B/B _i Wherein B is _i The land type average resistance value of the target area is B, and the national land type average resistance value is B;

obtaining N by formula 5 ₅ And formula 5 is N ₅ ＝A _i A, wherein A _i The average traffic road network density of the target area is shown, and A is the national average traffic road network density;

the step of determining the correction factor in terms of socioeconomic factors comprises:

obtaining S by Using formula 7 ₂ Formula 7 is S ₂ ＝G _i a/G, wherein G _i The production total value of the target regional per capita region is shown, and G is the production total value of national per capita;

obtaining S by formula 8 ₃ Formula 8 is S ₃ ＝F _i /F, wherein F _i The general public budget expenditure of the target region per capita is shown, and F is the general public budget expenditure of the national per capita;

wherein N is _i And N is obtained by ArcGIS software, the obtaining step comprising: importing national NPP grid data of the year in which the specified time is located into ArcGIS software, unifying coordinate systems, checking sources in layer attributes, finding an average value of the source and recording the average value as N; cutting the image into the region range of the target region by using a tool for extracting the mask to obtain the NPP raster data of the target region of the year of the specified time, checking the source in the layer attribute, finding the average value of the source and recording the average value as N _i ；

P _i And P is obtained by ArcGIS software, the obtaining step comprising: importing national rainfall grid data of the year in which the specified time is located into ArcGIS software, unifying a coordinate system, checking a source in the layer attribute, finding an average value of the source and recording the average value as P; cutting the image into the region range of the target region by using a tool for extracting the mask to obtain the precipitation raster data of the target region of the year of the specified time, checking the source in the layer attribute, finding the average value of the precipitation raster data and recording the average value as P _i ；

E and E _i Obtained by ArcGIS software, the obtaining step comprises: importing national soil erosion data into ArcGIS software, unifying coordinate systems, assigning values to grids according to soil erosion secondary types by using a reclassification tool, then checking sources in layer attributes, finding an average value of the values and recording the average value as E; cutting the image into a region range of a target region by using a tool for extracting according to a mask to obtain soil erosion intensity data of the target region, and checking a source in the layer attribute to obtain E _i ；

B _i And B is obtained by ArcGIS, wherein the obtaining step of B comprises: importing the earth surface coverage data of the year in which the specified time is located into ArcGIS software, and unifying the coordinate systems; taking a forest land as a source of animal migration, extracting the forest land by using a nationwide ground surface coverage data map layer according to an attribute extraction tool, and singly forming a grid data map layer which is a nationwide cost source map layer; reassigning raster data of the national surface coverage data layer by using a reclassification tool, wherein the newly obtained layer is a national cost layer; then, calculating a cost distance, and calculating a national cost source map layer and a national cost map layer by using a cost distance tool to obtain a national cost resistance map layer; finally, obtaining B by checking a source in the layer attribute;

B _i the obtaining step comprises: cutting the national earth surface coverage data into the regional range of the target region by using a mask extraction tool to obtain the earth surface coverage data of the target region of the year of the specified time; taking forest land as the source of the migration of the animal and plant, covering the earth surface of the target area with a data map layerExtracting the forest land according to the attribute extraction tool, and independently forming a raster data layer which is a cost source layer of the target area; reassigning the raster data of the earth surface coverage data layer of the target area by using a reclassification tool, wherein the newly obtained layer is a target area cost layer; calculating a cost distance, and calculating a cost source map layer of the target area and a cost map layer of the target area by using a cost distance tool to obtain a cost resistance map layer of the target area; finally, the source in the layer attribute is checked to obtain B _i ；

And calculating and sequencing the total service value of each land utilization type in the target area, dividing the total service value into a plurality of value intervals according to the numerical value, wherein the land utilization type of each year respectively has a corresponding value interval, and adjusting the color of the corresponding land coverage type according to the value interval in a symbol system of a corresponding land cover layer in GIS software.

2. A regional ecological space ecosystem service economic value comprehensive dynamic evaluation model is used for urban planning, the region comprises a city, a city group or a city partial region, and the evaluation model comprises:

V _jcf ＝S ₁ ×S ₂ ×…×S _y ×[N _t ×V _t (t＝1,2,...,x)]，

V _jcf the equivalent factor S of the service function c of the j-th type ecosystem of the target area after space-time correction on the aspect of natural geographic factors and space-time correction on the aspect of social economic factors ₁ ～S _y For the y socio-economic factors of the target area,N ₁ ～N _x correction factor, V, for x natural geographic factors of the target area _t Basic equivalent factors before correction for the service functions of the ecosystem;

the natural geographic factor aspect correction factor includes: net primary productivity space-time correction coefficient N ₁ Precipitation space-time correction coefficient N ₂ Soil conservation space-time correction coefficient N ₃ Biodiversity space-time correction coefficient N ₄ And landscape accessibility space-time correction factor N ₅ ；N ₁ Performing space-time heterogeneity regulation on food production, raw material production, gas regulation, climate regulation, environment purification and nutrient circulation 6 types of ecological system service functions of 4 types of land ecological systems of farmlands, forests, grasslands and deserts; n is a radical of ₂ Carrying out space-time heterogeneity regulation on water resource supply and hydrologic regulation 2 type ecosystem service functions of 6 type ecosystems in farmlands, forests, grasslands, wetlands, deserts and water areas; n is a radical of ₃ Performing space-time heterogeneity regulation on soil maintenance service functions of 5 kinds of ecological systems of farmlands, forests, grasslands, wetlands and deserts; n is a radical of ₄ Performing space-time heterogeneity adjustment on biodiversity service functions of 6 types of ecological systems in farmlands, forests, grasslands, wetlands, deserts and water areas; n is a radical of ₅ Performing space-time heterogeneity adjustment on aesthetic landscape service functions of 6 types of ecological systems of farmlands, forests, grasslands, wetlands, deserts and water areas;

D＝S _r ×F _r +S _w ×F _w +S _c ×F _c Wherein S is _r 、S _w And S _c The sowing area of the rice, the wheat and the corn in the country accounts for the total sowing area of the three crops, F _r 、F _w And F _c The average net profits per unit area of rice, wheat and corn in China respectively;

N ₁ ＝N _i n, wherein N _i Is the annual average NPP of the target area,n is national annual average NPP;

N ₂ ＝P _i /P, wherein P _i The annual average precipitation per unit area of the target area is taken as the precipitation; p is the annual average precipitation of unit area in the country;

N ₃ ＝E/E _i wherein E is _i The average erosion intensity of the soil in the target area is E, and the average erosion intensity of the soil in the country is E;

N ₄ ＝B/B _i wherein B is _i The land type average resistance value of the target area is B, and the national land type average resistance value is B;

N ₅ ＝A _i a, wherein A _i The average traffic road network density of the target area is set, A is the national average traffic road network density;

S ₁ ＝logR _i /logR, wherein logR _i Is the target area average population density, logR is the national average population density;

S ₂ ＝G _i a first group of compounds represented by formula I _i The production total value of the target regional per capita region is shown, and G is the production total value of national per capita;

S ₃ ＝F _i a first component of the formula _i The general public budget expenditure of per capita in the target area is shown, and F is the general public budget expenditure of per capita in the whole country;

wherein N is _i And N is obtained by ArcGIS software, the obtaining step comprising: importing national NPP grid data of the year of the specified time into ArcGIS software, unifying a coordinate system, checking a source in the layer attribute, finding an average value of the source and recording the average value as N; cutting the image into the region range of the target region by using a tool for extracting the mask to obtain the NPP raster data of the target region of the year of the specified time, checking the source in the layer attribute, finding the average value of the source and recording the average value as N _i ；

P _i And P is obtained by ArcGIS software, the obtaining step comprising: importing national rainfall grid data of the year in which the specified time is located into ArcGIS software, unifying a coordinate system, checking a source in the layer attribute, finding an average value of the source and recording the average value as P; cropping images using a mask-based extraction toolCutting the area range of the target area to obtain the precipitation grid data of the target area of the year of the specified time, checking the source in the layer attribute, finding the average value and recording the average value as P _i ；

B _i And B is obtained by ArcGIS, wherein the obtaining step of B comprises: importing the earth surface coverage data of the year in which the specified time is located into ArcGIS software, and unifying the coordinate system; taking the forest land as a source of animal migration, extracting the forest land by using a nationwide ground surface coverage data layer according to an attribute extraction tool, and independently forming a raster data layer which is a nationwide cost source layer; reassigning raster data of a national surface coverage data layer by using a reclassification tool, wherein the newly obtained layer is a national cost layer; calculating a cost distance, and calculating a national cost source map layer and a national cost map layer by using a cost distance tool to obtain a national cost resistance map layer; finally, obtaining B by checking a source in the layer attribute;

B _i the obtaining step comprises: cutting the national earth surface coverage data into the regional range of the target region by using a mask extraction tool to obtain the earth surface coverage data of the target region of the year of the specified time; taking a forest land as a source of migration of the mobile plants, extracting the forest land by using a ground surface coverage data layer of a target area by using an attribute-based extraction tool, and singly forming a grid data layer which is a cost source layer of the target area; reassigning the raster data of the earth surface coverage data layer of the target area by using a re-classifying tool, wherein the newly obtained layer is a cost layer of the target area; then, the cost distance is calculated, and the cost is utilizedCalculating a cost source map layer of the target area and a cost map layer of the target area by the distance tool to obtain a cost resistance map layer of the target area; finally, the source in the layer attribute is checked to obtain B _i ；

3. The application of the comprehensive dynamic evaluation model for the economic value of the regional ecological space ecosystem service according to claim 2 in the evaluation of the regional ecological space ecosystem service value.

4. The use of the regional ecospace ecosystem service economic value integrated dynamic assessment model according to claim 3, wherein the assessment model is used in conjunction with spatial computing software.

5. A method for evaluating service value of a regional ecological space ecosystem is characterized in that the region comprises a city, a city group or a city part region, the method is used for city planning and comprises the following steps:

determining the area of each land coverage type of the target area at a specified time;

determining x natural geographic factor correction coefficients and y socioeconomic factor correction coefficients of a target area at a specified time, wherein x is an integer and is more than or equal to 1, and y is an integer and is more than or equal to 1;

according to the x correction coefficients of the natural geographic factors and the y correction coefficients of the social economic factors, various ecosystems of the target area are correctedCorrecting the basic equivalent factor of the service function c of the system to obtain the equivalent factor V of the service function c of the j-th type ecosystem of the target area after space-time correction on the aspect of natural geographic factors and space-time correction on the aspect of social economic factors _jcf ，j＝1,2,...,n；

Obtaining a D value of the designated time, wherein the D value is1 equivalent of economic price of the ecosystem service function;

according to the area and V of each land coverage type of the target area _jcf And D value, evaluating the service value of the regional ecological space ecosystem of the target region;

the step of evaluating the service value of the regional ecological space ecosystem of the target region comprises the following steps:

according to the area and V of each land coverage type of the target area _jcf And D value, determining the total economic value ESV of the dynamic ecosystem service in the target area;

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

A _j area of the j-th ecosystem of the target area;

V _jcf ＝S ₁ ×S ₂ ×…×S _y ×[N _t ×V _t (t＝1,2,...,x)]，V _jcf the equivalent factor S of the service function c of the j-th ecological system in the target area after space-time correction in terms of natural geographic factors and space-time correction in terms of social economic factors ₁ ～S _y Correction factor for y socio-economic factors of the target area, N ₁ ～N _x Correction factor, V, for x natural geographic factors of the target area _t Basic equivalent factors before correction for the service functions of the ecosystem;

calculating the D value of the designated time according to the following formula,

D＝S _r ×F _r +S _w ×F _w +S _c ×F _c ，

wherein S is _r 、S _w And S _c The sowing areas of the rice, the wheat and the corn in the country of the year of the specified time account for the total sowing area of the three crops, F _r 、F _w And F _c The unit area average net profits of the national rice, wheat and corn of the specified time are respectively;

the natural geographic factor-wise correction factor includes: net primary productivity space-time correction coefficient N ₁ Precipitation space-time correction coefficient N ₂ Soil conservation space-time correction coefficient N ₃ Biodiversity space-time correction coefficient N ₄ And landscape accessibility space-time correction factor N ₅ (ii) a Wherein N is ₁ Performing space-time heterogeneity regulation on food production, raw material production, gas regulation, climate regulation, environment purification and nutrient circulation maintaining 6 types of ecological system service functions of 4 types of land ecological systems of farmlands, forests, grasslands and deserts; n is a radical of hydrogen ₂ Carrying out space-time heterogeneity regulation on water resource supply and hydrologic regulation 2 type ecosystem service functions of 6 type ecosystems in farmlands, forests, grasslands, wetlands, deserts and water areas; n is a radical of hydrogen ₃ Performing space-time heterogeneity regulation on soil maintenance service functions of 5 kinds of ecological systems of farmlands, forests, grasslands, wetlands and deserts; n is a radical of ₄ Performing space-time heterogeneity adjustment on biodiversity service functions of 6 types of ecological systems in farmlands, forests, grasslands, wetlands, deserts and water areas; n is a radical of ₅ Performing space-time heterogeneity adjustment on aesthetic landscape service functions of 6 types of ecological systems of farmlands, forests, grasslands, wetlands, deserts and water areas;

obtaining N by formula 2 ₂ The formula 2 is N ₂ ＝P _i /P, wherein P _i The annual average precipitation per unit area of the target area is taken as the precipitation; p is the annual average precipitation of unit area in the country;

obtaining N by formula 3 ₃ The formula 3 is N ₃ ＝E/E _i Wherein E is _i The average erosion intensity of the soil in the target area is E, and the average erosion intensity of the soil in the country is E;

obtaining N by formula 4 ₄ The formula 4 is N ₄ ＝B/B _i Wherein, B _i The land type average resistance value of the target area is set, and B is the national land type average resistance value;

obtaining N by formula 5 ₅ And formula 5 is N ₅ ＝A _i A, wherein A _i The average traffic road network density of the target area is set, A is the national average traffic road network density;

the step of determining a socio-economic factor correction factor comprises:

obtaining S by Using formula 7 ₂ Formula 7 is S ₂ ＝G _i a/G, wherein G _i The production total value of the target regional per capita region is G, and the production total value of national per capita is G;

wherein, N _i And N is obtained by ArcGIS software, the obtaining step comprising: importing national NPP grid data of the year in which the specified time is located into ArcGIS software, unifying coordinate systems, checking sources in layer attributes, finding an average value of the source and recording the average value as N; cutting the image into the region range of the target region by using a tool extracted according to the mask to obtain NPP raster data of the target region of the year of the specified time, checking the source in the layer attribute, and finding the average valueValue and record as N _i ；

E and E _i Obtained by ArcGIS software, the obtaining step comprises: importing national soil erosion data into ArcGIS software, unifying coordinate systems, assigning the grids according to the soil erosion secondary type by using a reclassification tool, checking sources in layer attributes, finding an average value of the sources and recording the average value as E; cutting the image into a region range of a target region by using a tool for extracting according to a mask to obtain soil erosion intensity data of the target region, and checking a source in the layer attribute to obtain E _i ；

B _i the obtaining step comprises: cutting the national earth surface coverage data into the regional range of the target region by using a mask extraction tool to obtain the earth surface coverage data of the target region of the year of the specified time; taking forest land as the source of the migration of the zoophyton and setting the target areaExtracting the forest land by using an attribute-based extraction tool for the ground surface covering data layer of the domain to form a raster data layer which is a cost source layer of a target area; reassigning the raster data of the earth surface coverage data layer of the target area by using a re-classifying tool, wherein the newly obtained layer is a cost layer of the target area; calculating a cost distance, and calculating a cost source map layer of the target area and a cost map layer of the target area by using a cost distance tool to obtain a cost resistance map layer of the target area; finally, the source in the layer attribute is checked to obtain B _i ；

Determining the area of a j-th type ecosystem of a target area by utilizing software with a space operation function;

and sequencing the total service value of each land utilization type in the target area, dividing the total service value into a plurality of value intervals according to the numerical value, wherein the land utilization type of each year respectively has a corresponding value interval, and adjusting the color of the corresponding land coverage type according to the value interval in a symbol system of a corresponding land cover layer in GIS software.

6. The method for evaluating the service value of the ecosystem of a regional ecological space according to claim 5, wherein the evaluation comprises: determining at least one of the ecological system service type economic value, the land utilization type ecological system service value and the total ecological system service value of a designated time target area;

software with a space operation function is combined with excel, cad and photoshop software to generate: at least one of an individual ecosystem service type value composition map, an individual land use type ecosystem service value composition map, and a total ecosystem service value spatial distribution map of the target region.