CN114037351A - Ecosystem service value evaluation model, establishing method and application - Google Patents

Ecosystem service value evaluation model, establishing method and application Download PDF

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CN114037351A
CN114037351A CN202111435798.9A CN202111435798A CN114037351A CN 114037351 A CN114037351 A CN 114037351A CN 202111435798 A CN202111435798 A CN 202111435798A CN 114037351 A CN114037351 A CN 114037351A
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李婧
邱建
贾刘强
舒波
郭安民
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Southwest Jiaotong University
Xihua University
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Abstract

The invention provides an ecosystem service value evaluation model, an establishment method and application. The establishing method comprises the following steps: determining the area A of various ecosystems in the target areaj(ii) a Determining basic equivalent factors of various ecosystem service functions in a target area; determining x correction coefficients in terms of natural geographic factors and y correction coefficients in terms of social economic factors of a target area, wherein x and y are integers and are not less than 1; according to the determined correction coefficient, correcting the basic equivalent factor to obtain a corrected equivalent factor Vjcf(ii) a Determining the value D of the economic price of 1 standard equivalent ecosystem service; according to Aj、VjcfAnd D value, establishing an evaluation model. The model comprises the model obtained by the method. The application is that the model is used in service value evaluation of the urban or urban group ecosystemThe use of (1). The method can provide support for urban ecological space ecological value evaluation, ecological space planning layout, urban planning construction, management policy making and the like.

Description

Ecosystem service value evaluation model, establishing method and application
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of urban planning and ecological environment protection, in particular to an ecological system service value evaluation model, an establishing method and application.
Background
Under the background of national strategy of ecological civilization of the new era, the service value of an ecological system is obvious. Ecosystem services are ecological products and ecological services that humans obtain directly or indirectly from an ecosystem. At present, the evaluation research of the ecological system service value is mainly focused on natural ecological space, the ecological system service value of urban ecological space is not correctly known, and a uniform quantitative measuring and calculating method is not formed.
The equivalent factor method which is widely applied at present is based on global or national average value equivalent, and the spatial heterogeneity and the dynamics presented by time change caused by the regional differences of natural geography such as biomass and the like and social economy such as population density and the like in different ecosystems are not fully considered.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to address one or more of the problems in the prior art as set forth above. For example, one of the purposes of the present invention is to quantify the ecosystem service value of the urban ecological space more accurately, and the other purpose is to provide support for the planning construction, layout optimization, planning management policy establishment, etc. of the urban ecological space in the ecological civilization context.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a method for establishing a regional ecological space ecosystem service economic value comprehensive dynamic evaluation model on one hand.
The method comprises the following steps: determining the areas of various ecosystems in a target area; determining basic equivalent factors of the service functions c of various ecosystems in the target area according to the land utilization type of the target area and the ecological service value equivalent table of the unit area of the Chinese ecosystem; determining x correction coefficients in terms of natural geographic factors and y correction coefficients in terms of social economic factors of a target area, wherein x is an integer and is not less than 1, and y is an integer and is not less than 1; correcting the basic equivalent factor of the service function c of each type of ecosystem in the target area according to the x correction factors in the aspect of natural geographic factors and the y correction factors in the aspect of social economic factors to obtain the equivalent factor V of the service function c of the j type ecosystem in the target area after space-time correction in the aspect of natural geographic factors and space-time correction in the aspect of social economic factorsjcfJ is1, 2,. ang, n; determining economic price D values of 1 standard equivalent of the service functions of the ecological system; according to the area and V of various ecosystems of the target areajcfAnd D value, establishing the evaluation model, wherein the evaluation model comprises: and the dynamic ecosystem of the target area serves a calculation formula of the total economic value.
Further, the calculation formula may include:
Figure BDA0003381701320000021
ESV serves the total economic value, A, of the dynamic ecosystem of the target areajThe area of the class j ecosystem of the target area.
Further, Vjcf＝S1×S2×…×Sy×[Nt×Vt(t＝1,2,...,x)]，S1～SyFor the correction factor in terms of the said y (i.e. 1 st to y th) socioeconomic factors, N1～NxFor the x (i.e. 1 st to x th) natural geographic factors, VtAnd (4) correcting the basic equivalent factor for the service function of the ecological system.
Further, the natural geographic factor-wise correction factor may include:net primary productivity space-time correction coefficient N1Precipitation space-time correction coefficient N2Soil conservation space-time correction coefficient N3Biodiversity space-time correction coefficient N4And landscape accessibility space-time correction factor N5May be determined specifically according to the actual situation of the target area.
Further, the step of modifying the coefficients in terms of natural geographic factors may include:
obtaining N by using formula 11The formula 1 is N1＝NiN, wherein NiThe target area annual average NPP is shown, and N is the national annual average NPP; wherein N isiAnd N can be obtained by software having a spatial operation function described below.
Obtaining N by formula 22And formula 2 is N2＝Pi/P, wherein PiThe annual average precipitation per unit area of the target area is taken as the precipitation; p is the annual average precipitation of unit area in the country; wherein, PiAnd P can be obtained by software having a spatial operation function described below.
Obtaining N by formula 33And formula 3 is N3＝E/EiWherein E isiThe average erosion intensity of the soil in the target area is E, and the average erosion intensity of the soil in the country is E; wherein E isiAnd E can be obtained by software having a spatial operation function described below.
Obtaining N by formula 44And formula 4 is N4＝B/BiWherein B isiThe land type average resistance value of the target area is B, and the national land type average resistance value is B; wherein, BiAnd B can be obtained by software having a spatial operation function described below.
Obtaining N by formula 55And formula 5 is N5＝AiA, wherein AiThe target area average traffic network density is denoted as a nationwide average traffic network density.
Further, the socioeconomic-aspect correction factor may include: resource scarcity space-time correction coefficient S1Economic development space-time correction coefficient S2When the society developsNull correction coefficient S3May be determined specifically according to the actual situation of the target area.
Further, the step of determining a socio-economic factor correction factor may comprise:
obtaining S by formula 61Formula 6 is S1＝logRi/logR, wherein logRiIs the target area average population density, logR is the national average population density;
obtaining S by formula 72Formula 7 is S2＝GiA first group of compounds represented by formula IiThe production total value of the target regional per capita region is shown, and G is the production total value of national per capita;
obtaining S by formula 83Formula 8 is S3＝Fi/F, wherein FiThe general public budget expenditure of the target region per capita is obtained, and the general public budget expenditure of the national per capita is obtained.
Further, Vjcf＝S1×S2×S3×[Nt×Vt(t＝1,2,3,4,5)]。
Further, the areas of various ecosystems of the target area can be determined by software having a spatial operation function. The software may include telemetry image interpretation software or spatial processing software.
The remote sensing image interpretation software can comprise: ENVI, ERDAS, PCIGeOMATICA, eCoginization, etc. The spatial processing software may include: ArcGIS, QGIS (Quantum GIS), gvSIG, Whitebox GAT, SAGA GIS, GRASS GIS, MapWindow, ILWIS, GeoDa, uDig, Diva GIS, OrbisGIS, Fragstats, etc.
Further, the equivalent table of ecological service value per unit area of the chinese ecosystem may include a revised equivalent table of ecological service value per unit area of the chinese ecosystem, such as the xuehao land.
Further, the area may include a city, a city group, a city segment area, etc., such as a county, a district, etc.
Further, in the process of establishing the model, the time of the target area can be further specified, so as to obtain a specific evaluation model corresponding to specific time. For example, the area of various types of ecosystems of the target area at a given time is determined.
The invention provides a comprehensive dynamic evaluation model for the economic value of the regional ecological space ecosystem service.
The evaluation model may include:
Figure BDA0003381701320000031
Vjcf＝S1×S2×…×Sy×[Nt×Vt(t＝1,2,...,x)]，
wherein the meaning of each parameter may be the same as that of the parameter in the formula in the above aspect.
Further, the natural geographic factor-aspect correction factor may be the same as in the above-described aspect.
Further, the socioeconomic-factor-side correction coefficient may be the same as in the above-described one.
Further, the region may be the same as in the above-described aspect.
In another aspect, the invention provides an application of the above comprehensive dynamic evaluation model for economic value of service of a regional ecological space ecosystem in evaluation of service value of the regional ecological space ecosystem, for example, in evaluation of service value of an urban or urban group ecological space ecosystem.
Further, the evaluation model is applied by combining software having a spatial operation function in the above "aspect".
The invention further provides a regional ecological space ecosystem service value evaluation method.
The evaluation method can comprise the step of evaluating by utilizing the comprehensive dynamic evaluation model of the economic value of the regional ecological space ecosystem service.
The invention further provides a regional ecological space ecosystem service value evaluation method.
The method comprises the following steps: determining the area of each land covering type of the target area at a specified time; determining basic equivalent factors of the service functions c of various ecosystems in the target area according to the land utilization type of the target area and the ecological service value equivalent table of the unit area of the Chinese ecosystem; determining correction coefficients of a target area in terms of x natural geographic factors and y socioeconomic factors at a specified time, wherein x is an integer and is not less than 1, and y is an integer and is not less than 1; correcting the basic equivalent factor of the service function c of each type of ecosystem in the target area according to the x correction factors in the aspect of natural geographic factors and the y correction factors in the aspect of social economic factors to obtain the equivalent factor V of the service function c of the j type ecosystem in the target area after space-time correction in the aspect of natural geographic factors and space-time correction in the aspect of social economic factorsjcfJ is1, 2,. ang, n; obtaining a D value of the designated time, wherein the D value is1 equivalent of economic price of the ecosystem service function; according to the area and V of each land coverage type of the target areajcfAnd D value, evaluating the service value of the regional ecological space ecosystem of the target region.
Further, when performing the evaluation of the service value of the regional ecological space ecosystem in the target region, the evaluation may be performed in combination with the software having the spatial computation function in the above aspect.
Further, the step of performing the service value evaluation of the regional ecological space ecosystem of the target region may include: according to the area and V of each land coverage type of the target areajcfAnd D value, determining the total economic value ESV of the dynamic ecosystem service in the target area; evaluating the service value of the urban ecological space ecosystem of the target area according to the ESV;
wherein, ESV and VjcfMay be the same as the formula in the above aspect.
Further, the evaluating may include: determining at least one of an economic value of each ecosystem service type, an ecosystem service value of each land use type and a total ecosystem service value of the designated time target area.
Further, after at least one of the economic value of each ecosystem service type, the ecosystem service value of each land use type and the total ecosystem service value of the designated time target area is obtained, the software (such as ArcGIS) with the space operation function is combined with software such as excel, cad and photoshop to generate: at least one of an individual ecosystem service value composition map, an individual land use type ecosystem service value composition map, and a total ecosystem service value spatial distribution map of the target area.
Further, the value of D for the specified time may be calculated according to the following formula,
D＝Sr×Fr+Sw×Fw+Sc×Fcwherein S isr、SwAnd ScThe sowing areas of the rice, the wheat and the corn in the country of the year of the specified time account for the total sowing area of the three crops, Fr、FwAnd FcThe average net profit per unit area of the national rice, wheat and corn of the year of the specified time.
Further, software with a spatial operation function can be utilized to determine the area of each land cover type of the target area at a given time, namely, determine Aj。
Further, the natural geographic factor-aspect correction factor may be the same as in the above-described aspect.
Further, the step of determining the natural geographic factor aspect correction factor may be the same as in the one aspect described above.
Further, the socioeconomic-aspect correction factor may be the same as in the above-described aspect.
Further, the step of determining the socio-economic factor correction coefficient may be the same as in the above-described aspect.
Further, Vjcf＝S1×S2×S3×[Nt×Vt(t＝1,2,3,4,5)]The meaning of each parameter can beThe same as in the above aspect.
Further, the areas of various ecosystems of the target area can be determined by software having a spatial operation function. The software having the spatial operation function may be the same as the software in the above-described "one aspect".
Further, the area may be the same as in the above "aspect".
Further, the equivalent table of ecological service value per unit area of the chinese ecosystem may include a revised equivalent table of ecological service value per unit area of the chinese ecosystem, such as the xuehao land.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention can include: the invention establishes an ecological system service value comprehensive evaluation model corrected by two factors of natural geography and social economy, expands the original ecological system service value evaluation system for space-time correction based on a certain aspect, constructs an evaluation method closer to the urban ecological space ecological system service value, and provides methods and bases for urban ecological space ecological system service value evaluation, ecological space planning layout, urban planning management policy making and the like.
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The above and other objects and features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the expression of the cover type of a target area drawn by ArcGIS software in 2010;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the expression of the cover type of the target region drawn by ArcGIS software in 2020;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating economic value composition of types of ecosystem services in target areas in 2010 and 2020;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the service value composition of the ecosystem of the respective land use types in the target area in 2010 and 2020;
FIG. 5 shows a 2010 target area total ecosystem service value spatial distribution diagram;
fig. 6 shows a schematic diagram of spatial distribution of total ecosystem service value in target area in 2020.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, the ecosystem service value evaluation model, the establishment method and the application of the invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the exemplary embodiments.
Exemplary embodiment 1
The exemplary embodiment provides a method for establishing a regional ecological space ecosystem service value comprehensive dynamic evaluation model.
The method may comprise the steps of:
(1) determining the areas of various ecosystems of the target area.
This step can obtain the area of each land cover type of the target area by software having a spatial operation function. The software having the spatial operation function may be the same as that in exemplary embodiment 2.
(2) And determining basic equivalent factors of the service functions c of various ecosystems in the target area according to the land utilization type of the target area and the ecological service value equivalent table of the unit area of the Chinese ecosystem.
Further, the equivalent table of ecological service value per unit area of chinese ecosystem may include the equivalent table of ecological service value per unit area of chinese ecosystem revised in the xigao district and the like (in 2008 or 2015).
(3) And performing space-time correction of two factors of natural geography and social economy of the target area.
The correction can utilize a standard equivalence coefficient spatio-temporal correction model, which can comprise a two-part spatio-temporal correction model: a natural geographic factor space-time correction model and a social economic factor space-time correction model.
The space-time correction model of the natural geographic factors comprises the following steps: vjcm＝Nt×Vt(t＝1,2,...,x)。
Wherein, VjcmThe equivalent factor is obtained by space-time correction of the service function c of the j-th type ecosystem of the target area in terms of natural geographic factors; n is a radical oftIs a t-type time space correction coefficient, V, of the target areatService function repair for t-th type ecosystemThe immediate basal equivalence factor.
Further, Vjcm＝Nt×Vt(t＝1,2,3,4,5)。
Wherein N is1For the net primary productivity space-time correction factor, N2For space-time correction coefficients of precipitation, N3Maintaining a space-time correction coefficient for soil, N4Is a biodiversity space-time correction coefficient, N5And the coefficients are corrected in time and space for the accessibility of the landscape.
V1The method refers to a pre-correction equivalent factor of food production, raw material production, gas regulation, climate regulation, environment purification and nutrient circulation maintenance service functions; space-time correction factor N for six service functions of food production, raw material production, gas conditioning, climate conditioning, environmental purification and nutrient circulation maintenance while being subject to net primary productivity1And (6) correcting. V2Correcting the pre-equivalence factor for water resource supply and hydrologic regulation service functions; water resource supply and hydrologic regulation two service functions simultaneously precipitated by space-time correction coefficient N2And (6) correcting. V3Refers to the equivalent factor before the soil maintenance service function is corrected. V4Refers to the equivalent factor before correction of the biodiversity service function. V5Refers to the equivalent factor before the aesthetic landscape service function is corrected.
The space-time correction model for the socioeconomic factors comprises the following steps: vjcf＝S1×S2×…×Sy×Vjcm。
Wherein, VjcfAnd the service function c of the j-th type ecosystem of the target area is subjected to space-time correction in terms of natural geographic factors and space-time correction in terms of social economic factors.
Further, Vjcf＝S1×S2×S3×Vjcm. Wherein S is1Space-time correction coefficient of resource scarcity for target area, S2A spatio-temporal correction coefficient for economic development of a target region; s3Spatio-temporal correction coefficients are developed for the society of the target area.
(4) Calculating 1 standard equivalent economic price
The grain yield value of the national farmland ecosystem is mainly calculated according to three major grain crops of rice, wheat and corn, and the economic price calculated based on the percentage (%) of the sowing area of the rice, the wheat and the corn in the current year to the total sowing area of the three crops and the average net profit (yuan/ha) of the unit area of the three crops is taken as the 1 standard equivalent economic price in the current year, and the calculation formula is as follows:
D＝Sr×Fr+Sw×Fw+Sc×Fcin the formula: d represents the economic price (Yuan/ha) of the ecosystem service function with 1 standard equivalent; sr、SwAnd ScRespectively showing the percentage (%) of the sowing area of the rice, the wheat and the corn in the country in the current year to the total sowing area of the three crops; fr、FwAnd FcRespectively represent the average net profit (yuan/ha) per unit area of rice, wheat and corn in the country of the study.
Wherein, the D value (Yuan/ha) can be obtained according to the Chinese yearbook, the national agricultural product cost and income data compilation and the formula.
(5) And establishing a comprehensive dynamic evaluation model of the total economic value of the ecosystem service.
The specific calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003381701320000081
wherein, the ESV serves the total economic value (element) of the dynamic ecosystem service of the target area; d and VjcfSee above; a. thejThe area of the j-th ecosystem of the target area (such as the area of cultivated land, unit: ha).
C in the above refers to the service function of the ecosystem, for example c refers to the class 11 service function of the ecosystem: food production, raw material production, water resource supply, gas regulation, climate regulation, environment purification, hydrologic regulation, soil conservation, maintenance of nutrient circulation, biodiversity, aesthetic landscape.
In the above, j refers to an ecosystem such as: farmland, forest, grassland, wetland, desert, water area, etc.
In this example, NPP (net primary productivity) can be used to regulate spatiotemporal heterogeneity in food production, raw material production, gas conditioning, climate conditioning, environmental cleanup, maintenance of nutrient cycle 6 ecosystem service functions for farmland, forest, grassland, desert 4 general land ecosystems. The specific calculation formula is as follows:
net primary productivity space-time correction coefficient N1＝Niand/N. In the formula, NiMeans target zone annual average NPP (unit: carbon/square meter); n means the national annual average NPP (unit: gram carbon/square meter).
Wherein N isiAnd N may be obtained by software with spatial arithmetic functionality, for example, the national NPP data may be derived from chinese courtyard as floating point type data with a pel size (x, y) of (500 ) or (1000, 1000). Importing the national NPP raster data of the year of the specified time into an ArcGIS software (such as ArcGIS10.5), unifying the coordinate system into, for example, WGS _1984UTM _ zone _48N (of course, the present invention is not limited to the coordinate system, and other coordinate systems commonly used in the art may also be used), looking at the "source" in the "layer attribute", finding the average value thereof, and recording the average value as the national NPP average value; and (3) cutting the image into the area range of the target area by using a mask extraction tool to obtain the NPP raster data of the target area of the year of the specified time, checking the source in the attribute of the layer, finding the average value of the source and recording the average value as the NPP average value of the target area.
NiAnd N may also be obtained by looking up the spatial distribution of the NPP over the years after the area of investigation has been scoped, for example directly in the spatial distribution map of the NPP over the years which has been calculated by the chinese academy.
In this embodiment, the precipitation can be used to regulate the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of water resource supply and hydrologic regulation class 2 ecosystem service functions of farmland, forest, grassland, wetland, desert and waters class 6 ecosystems from a supply perspective.
Precipitation space-time correction coefficient N2＝Piand/P. In the formula, PiMeans the annual average precipitation per unit area (unit: mm) of the target region; p means national formAnnual average precipitation per unit area (mm).
Wherein, PiAnd P can be obtained by the software having the spatial operation function described above. For example, the national precipitation data may be derived from Chinese academy floating point type data with a pel size (x, y) of (1000 ). Importing the national precipitation grid data of the year of the specified time into ArcGIS software (such as ArcGIS10.5), unifying a coordinate system into, for example, WGS _1984UTM _ zone _48N (of course, the invention is not limited to the coordinate system, and other coordinate systems commonly used in the field can be adopted), looking at the 'source' in the 'layer attribute', finding the average value of the 'source' and recording the average value as the national precipitation average value of the year of the specified time; and (3) cutting the image into a region range of a target region by using a mask extraction tool to obtain precipitation raster data of the target region of the year of the specified time, checking a source in the attribute of the layer, finding an average value of the precipitation raster data, and recording the average value as the precipitation average value of the target region.
In this embodiment, the soil conservation services of the ecosystem are closely related to the level of soil erosion. Can use soil to keep space-time correction coefficient (N)3) The space-time heterogeneity adjustment is carried out on the soil maintenance service functions of 5 kinds of ecological systems of farmlands, forests, grasslands, wetlands and deserts.
Soil conservation space-time correction coefficient N3＝E/Ei. In the formula, EiIndicating the average soil erosion strength of the target area; e refers to the national average erosion intensity of the soil.
According to the type of the external operation of the corrosion which plays a leading role, the national soil corrosion is divided into 3 categories of hydraulic corrosion, wind corrosion and freeze-thaw corrosion, and the corrosion strength is graded from slight to severe by 6 grades, which is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 national soil erosion Classification System
Figure BDA0003381701320000091
The values 1 to 6 were assigned according to the soil erosion intensity rating (secondary type), with 1 representing minor erosion and 2 representing mild erosion. Wherein, the average erosion intensity of the soil in the region and the country can be calculated through ArcGIS software.
Specifically, the national soil erosion intensity data may be derived from the Chinese academy, integer data with a pixel size (x, y) of (1000 ) or 1: 25 thousands of vector data. The data classification mode comprises two levels, wherein the first-level type comprises three items of hydraulic erosion, wind erosion and freeze-thaw erosion, the second-level type comprises six items of micro degree, mild degree, moderate degree, strength, extreme strength and severe degree, the hydraulic erosion and the wind erosion comprise six levels from the micro degree to the severe degree, and the freeze-thaw erosion comprises four levels from the micro degree to the strength. Importing national soil erosion data into ArcGIS software (such as ArcGIS10.5), unifying coordinate systems, such as WGS _1984UTM _ zone _48N (certainly, the invention is not limited to the coordinate system, and other common coordinate systems in the field can also be adopted), assigning the grids according to the soil erosion secondary type by using a reclassification tool, wherein the assignment is from micro degree to severe degree and is 1-6 respectively, then looking at the source in the attribute of the layer, finding the average value and recording the average value as the national soil erosion intensity average value; and (3) cutting the image into a region range of a target region by using a mask-based extraction tool to obtain soil erosion intensity data of the target region, and checking a source in the attribute of the layer to obtain an average value of the soil erosion intensity of the target region.
In this embodiment, biodiversity refers to the diversity and variability of living organisms and their ecological complexes, and is a general term for all biological species, intraspecific genetic variation, and their living environments.
The distribution and survival of species are closely related to the living environment of organisms, namely the quality of the habitats of the organisms, and the habitats quality is the basis and precondition of biodiversity. The migration movement of species is influenced by habitat resistance, and different types of landscape plaques have different resistance to species migration, resulting in different species diversity.
The present invention can use a cost distance function in ArcGIS software (e.g., ArcGIS10.5) to estimate the level of resistance to biological migration, determined by the "source of biodiversity" and the cost distance. In view of the fact that the forest is the habitat type with the highest biological diversity, the method extracts the forest land from the land utilization data to serve as a 'biological diversity source', is most suitable for survival, and has the smallest migration resistance; other land use type migration resistance values are referenced in table 2.
TABLE 2 degree of resistance for different land types
Figure BDA0003381701320000101
Figure BDA0003381701320000111
The resistance values of different land types represent the resistance of the animals migrating in different land types, 1 represents the minimum migration resistance and the most suitable habitat for survival, and 10 represents the maximum migration resistance and the most suitable habitat for survival; other sites include sandy, gobi, saline-alkali land, marshland, bare land, bare rock texture, etc.
Determining a cost value: and assigning the grid data of the ground surface coverage data layer by using a reclassification tool according to the resistance values of the different land use types, and calculating the cost distance from each land use type to the source land by using an ArcGIS cost distance tool to obtain an average resistance value.
The invention can apply the biodiversity space-time correction coefficient (N)4) The space-time heterogeneity of the biodiversity service functions of 6 major ecosystems such as farmlands, forests, grasslands and the like is regulated.
N4The specific calculation formula of (A) is as follows: n is a radical of4＝B/Bi. In the formula, BiIndicating the average resistance value of the land types in the target area; b refers to the national land type average resistance value.
BiAnd B can be obtained by ArcGIS. Specifically, the national cost resistance average value data of the year in which the specified time is located is integer data having a pixel size (x, y) of (30, 30) based on the national surface coverage data of the year. The data classification mode has two levels, wherein the first level type is farmland,The method comprises the steps of classifying the secondary types of forests, grasslands, construction sites, water areas and other sites, classifying the secondary types of the forests, the dry lands, the forests, the high coverage grasslands, the medium coverage grasslands, the low coverage grasslands, the urban construction sites, the rural residents, other construction sites, the water areas and other sites, inputting the ground surface coverage data of the year of the specified time into ArcGIS software (such as ArcGIS10.5), unifying the coordinate system into WGS _1984UTM _ zone _48N (of course, the invention is not limited to the coordinate system, and other coordinate systems commonly used in the field can also be adopted), and then starting the cost resistance calculation. Firstly, extracting a cost source, taking a 'forest land' as a source of animal migration, extracting the 'forest land' from a national ground surface coverage data layer by using an 'extracting according to attributes' tool, and independently forming a raster data layer which is a national cost source layer; secondly, determining a cost value, and reassigning the raster data of the nationwide ground surface coverage data map layer by using a reclassification tool, wherein the new value is resistance of various land coverage types, and the newly obtained map layer is a nationwide cost map layer according to the strength of the resistance of 1,2,3,4,5, 6, 8 and 10; calculating a cost distance, and calculating a national cost source map layer and a national cost map layer by using a cost distance tool to obtain a national cost resistance map layer; and finally, obtaining the national land type average resistance value by looking up the source in the layer attribute.
Because the cost distance method is related to the migration distance, the cost resistance map layer of the target area cannot be directly obtained by cutting the cost resistance map nationwide, and needs to be recalculated based on the ground surface coverage condition of the area, and the process is as follows: and (3) cutting the national earth surface coverage data into the area range of the target area by using a mask-based extraction tool to obtain integer data of the earth surface coverage data of the target area in the year of the specified time, wherein the pixel size (x, y) is (30, 30). Firstly, extracting a cost source, taking a 'forest land' as a source of migration of the mobile plants, extracting the 'forest land' from a ground surface coverage data layer of a target area by using an 'extracting according to attributes' tool, and independently forming a grid data layer which is a cost source layer of the target area; secondly, determining a cost value, and reassigning the grid data of the earth surface coverage data layer of the target area by using a reclassification tool, wherein the new value is resistance of various land coverage types, the resistance is respectively 1,2,3,4,5, 6, 8 and 10 according to the strength of the resistance, and the newly obtained layer is a cost layer of the target area; calculating a cost distance, and calculating a cost source map layer of the target area and a cost map layer of the target area by using a cost distance tool to obtain a cost resistance map layer of the target area; and finally, obtaining the land type average resistance value of the target area of the year in which the specified time is located by looking up the source in the layer attribute.
In the present embodiment, the landscape accessibility spatio-temporal correction factor (N) is applied5) Space-time heterogeneity adjustment is carried out on aesthetic landscape service functions of 6 types of ecological systems of farmlands, forests, grasslands, wetlands, deserts and water areas, and the accessibility of landscapes of the whole country and regions is expressed by using the density of a traffic road network, namely the more convenient the road traffic of a certain region is, the higher the cultural entertainment service supply potential of the ecological system is. The specific calculation formula is as follows:
N5＝Aiand/A. In the formula, AiTarget area average road network density (km/km)2) (ii) a A means the national average road network density (km/km)2)。
Aithe/A can be obtained through a road network density monitoring report of the main cities of China, and can also be calculated by GIS software by means of basic data.
In the embodiment, the logarithm of population density can be used for constructing the space-time correction coefficient (S) of the resource scarcity degree1) In the social and economic aspects, 11 types of ecosystem services such as food production, raw material production, water resource supply and the like of 6 types of ecosystems such as farmlands, forests, grasslands and the like are subjected to space-time heterogeneity regulation.
S1The specific calculation formula is as follows: s1＝logRi/logR, in the formula, RiMean average population density (people/km) of target area2) (ii) a R refers to the national average population density (people/km)2)。
In this embodiment, the total production value in everyone can be used to correct the temporal-spatial heterogeneity of 11 types of ecosystem services such as food production, raw material production, and water resource supply in 6 types of ecosystems such as farmlands, forests, grasslands, and the like, from the social and economic aspects.
S2The specific calculation formula of (A) is as follows: s2＝Gia/G, in the formula, GiIndicating the total production value (Yuan) of the per capita region in the target region; g is the total value (Yuan) of domestic production of the nationwide population.
In the embodiment, the space-time correction coefficient (S) of social development can be constructed by adopting the per-capita common budget expenditure3) In the social and economic aspects, 11 types of ecosystem services such as food production, raw material production, water resource supply and the like of 6 types of ecosystems such as farmlands, forests, grasslands and the like are subjected to space-time heterogeneity regulation.
S3The specific calculation formula of (A) is as follows: s3＝Fia/F, wherein FiIndicating the general public budget expenditure (element) of everyone in the target area; f refers to the national common budget expenditure (dollar).
S1、S2And S3Can be obtained by querying the relevant statistical yearbook.
Exemplary embodiment 2
The exemplary embodiment provides a regional ecological space ecosystem service value comprehensive dynamic evaluation model. The model may include the model established by the exemplary embodiment described above.
Figure BDA0003381701320000131
Vjcf＝S1×S2×…×Sy×[Nt×Vt(t＝1,2,...,x)]，
Wherein, ESV is the total economic value of the dynamic ecosystem service in the target area, D is the economic price of the ecosystem service function with 1 standard equivalent, AjArea of the j-th ecosystem of the target area;
Vjcfclass j ecosystems as target areasEquivalent factor S of the systematic service function c after space-time correction in terms of natural geographic factors and space-time correction in terms of social economic factors1～SyCorrection factor for y socio-economic factors of the target area, N1～NxCorrection factor, V, for x natural geographic factors of the target areatAnd (4) correcting the basic equivalent factor for the service function of the ecological system.
The evaluation model may be applied in combination with software having a spatial operation function to perform correlation evaluation. The software with the spatial operation function may include: remote sensing image interpretation software and space processing software.
The remote sensing image interpretation software can comprise: ENVI, ERDAS, PCIGeOMATICA, eCoginization, etc. The spatial processing software may include: ArcGIS, QGIS (Quantum GIS), gvSIG, Whitebox GAT, SAGA GIS, GRASS GIS, MapWindow, ILWIS, GeoDa, uDig, Diva GIS, OrbisGIS, Fragstats, etc.
Preferably, the present invention can utilize ArcGIS software.
Exemplary embodiment 3
The exemplary embodiment provides a method for evaluating the service value of an ecological system of a regional ecological space. The evaluation method may include the steps of:
(1) and obtaining the area of each land coverage type of the target area at the designated time by using software with a space operation function.
The software having the spatial operation function may be the same as that in exemplary embodiment 2.
(2) And determining basic equivalent factors of the service functions c of various ecosystems in the target area according to the land utilization type of the target area and the ecological service value equivalent table of the unit area of the Chinese ecosystem.
For example, this step may include: according to the land utilization type of the target area, selecting and processing an ecological service value equivalent table of the Chinese ecosystem in unit area to obtain a first equivalent table, wherein the first equivalent table is a land utilization classification static value equivalent table of the target area and is provided with basic equivalent factors of service functions c of various types of ecosystems of the target area.
(3) And determining x correction coefficients in terms of natural geographic factors and y correction coefficients in terms of social economic factors of the target area, wherein x is an integer and is not less than 1, and y is an integer and is not less than 1.
Further, the natural geographic factor-wise correction factor may be the same as N in exemplary embodiment 11、N2、N3、N4And N5Also, these coefficient obtaining processes are the same as in exemplary embodiment 1.
Further, the socioeconomic-factor-side correction coefficient may be the same as S in exemplary embodiment 11、S2And S3Also, the obtaining process of these coefficients may be the same as in exemplary embodiment 1.
(4) Correcting the basic equivalent factor of the service function c of each type of ecosystem in the target area according to the x correction factors in the aspect of natural geographic factors and the y correction factors in the aspect of social economic factors to obtain the equivalent factor V of the service function c of the j type ecosystem in the target area after space-time correction in the aspect of natural geographic factors and space-time correction in the aspect of social economic factorsjcf，j＝1,2,...,n。
For example, this step may include: correcting the first equivalent table according to the x correction coefficients of the natural geographic factors and the y correction coefficients of the social economic factors to obtain a dynamic equivalent table of the target area after the correction of the natural geographic factors and the social economic factors, wherein the dynamic equivalent table is VjcfIn a preferred embodiment of (1).
(5) And obtaining the value D of the designated time, wherein D is the economic price of the ecosystem service function with 1 standard equivalent.
(6) According to the area and V of each land coverage type of the target areajcfAnd D value, evaluating the service value of the regional ecological space ecosystem of the target region. The evaluation may include: at least one of an economic value of each ecosystem service type, an ecosystem service value of each land use type, and a total ecosystem service value (i.e., ESV) of the designated time target area is determined.
Specifically, the step may include: according to the area and V of each land coverage type of the target areajcfAnd D value, determining the total economic value ESV of the dynamic ecosystem service in the target area;
evaluating the service value of the regional ecological space ecosystem of the target region according to the ESV;
wherein,
Figure BDA0003381701320000151
Ajarea of the j-th ecosystem of the target area;
Vjcf＝S1×S2×…×Sy×[Nt×Vt(t＝1,2,...,x)]，S1～Sycorrection factor for y socio-economic factors of the target area, N1～NxCorrection factor, V, for x natural geographic factors of the target areatAnd (4) correcting the basic equivalent factor for the service function of the ecological system.
In this embodiment, the method may further include the steps of: and determining the economic unit price of various ecosystem service functions in unit area of the target area.
Specifically, the economic unit price table of various ecosystem service functions in unit area of the target area can be obtained by taking the dynamic equivalent table of the target area after being corrected by two factors, namely natural geography and social economy, as a base number and multiplying the base number by a value D.
In the present embodiment, the economic price D value of the ecosystem service function of 1 standard equivalent can be the same as that in exemplary embodiment 1.
The economic value per unit area of ecosystem service of the target area can be the same as in exemplary embodiment 1.
In order that the above-described exemplary embodiments of the invention may be better understood, further description thereof with reference to specific examples is provided below.
The example takes the service value evaluation of the urban ecological space ecosystem in two years in 2010 and 2020 in a certain area as an application example for verification, and comprises the following steps:
(1) target area ground surface coverage type area in 2010 and 2020 and change thereof
The 2010 and 2020 surface coverage data for the target area in this example is sourced from the global surface coverage official web (http:// www.globallandcover.com) using a coordinate system that may be common in the art, such as WGS _1984UTM _ zone _ 48N. The method comprises the steps of downloading the surface coverage grid data (downloaded in 2010 and 2020 respectively) of the map sheet of the target area on a global surface coverage official website, importing the land utilization data and the target area planning range line data into ArcGIS10.5 software, unifying coordinate systems into WGS _1984UTM _ zone _48N, and then cutting the image by using a mask extraction tool to obtain the surface coverage data in the target area planning range. Then, adjusting the color of the symbol system, performing operations such as adding legends, north pointers, scales and the like under the 'layout view' and adjusting page setting to derive pictures to obtain expression diagrams after the interpretation of the ground covering types of the target areas in 2010 and 2020, which are respectively shown in fig. 1 and 2; and obtaining the target area 2010-2020 earth surface coverage area and a change table thereof (table 3) by applying a GIS space statistics and analysis function.
TABLE 3 comparison table of changes in the area covered by target area 2010-2020
Figure BDA0003381701320000161
(2) Evaluation of service value of ecological space ecosystem of target area
The method is based on the national-scale first-level land utilization classification static price equivalent table (table 5) obtained by selecting and processing the table 4 according to the first-level land utilization type of the target area on the basis of the revised ecological service price equivalent table (table 4) of the unit area of the Chinese ecosystem in Xigaoshi, etc. (2015).
TABLE 4 ecological service value equivalent table for unit area of Chinese ecosystem
Figure BDA0003381701320000162
Figure BDA0003381701320000171
TABLE 5 national scale first-class land use classification static value equivalent table
Figure BDA0003381701320000172
Figure BDA0003381701320000181
Standard equivalent coefficient space-time correction
1) Natural geography factor space-time correction
a. Net Primary Productivity (NPP) spatio-temporal correction coefficient (N)1)
The formula N in the above exemplary embodiment 1 is applied1＝NiN, substituting target region and national NPP data (NPP data is from resource environmental science data center https:// www.resdc.cn of Chinese academy of sciences) which are subjected to ArcGISI 10.5 spatial statistics operation, and obtaining N1Numerical values.
Using N1Multiplying the equivalent value of the service function value of the 6 types of ecological systems of the 3 types of land ecosystems of cultivated land, forest land and grassland in the table 5, such as food production, raw material production, gas regulation, climate regulation, environment purification and nutrient circulation maintenance to obtain the product1Value equivalent after adjustment of coefficient spatiotemporal heterogeneity.
b. Precipitation space-time correction factor (N)2)
The formula N in the above exemplary embodiment 1 is applied2＝PiThe target area and national precipitation data (precipitation data is sourced from resource environmental science data center https:// www.resdc.cn of Chinese academy of sciences) which are subjected to ArcGIS10.5 spatial statistics operation are brought in to obtain N2Numerical values. Using N2Multiplying 5 types of ecosystems of cultivated land, forest land, grassland, wetland and water body in the tableSystematic water resource supply and hydrologic regulation class 2 ecosystem service function value equivalent, get through N2Value equivalent after adjustment of coefficient spatiotemporal heterogeneity.
c. Soil conservation space-time correction coefficient (N)3)
The formula N in the above exemplary embodiment 1 is applied3＝E/EiThe target area subjected to ArcGIS10.5 spatial statistical operation and the national soil average erosion intensity data (the soil erosion intensity data is sourced from resource environmental science data center https:// www.resdc.cn of Chinese academy of sciences) are brought in, and N can be obtained3Numerical values. Using N3Multiplying the value by the value equivalent of the soil maintenance service function of 4 types of ecosystems of cultivated land, forest land, grassland and wetland in the table 5 to obtain the product N3Value equivalent after adjustment of coefficient spatiotemporal heterogeneity.
d. Biodiversity spatio-temporal correction coefficient (N)4)
The formula N in the above exemplary embodiment 1 is applied4＝B/BiThe target region and national land type average resistance value data (land utilization remote sensing monitoring data is from resource environmental science data center https:// www.resdc.cn of Chinese academy of sciences; resistance degrees of different land types are shown in Table 2), which are calculated by ArcGISI 10.5 space statistics, can be obtained4Numerical values.
The coefficient is multiplied by the biodiversity service function value equivalent of 5 major ecosystems of table 5, such as cultivated land, forest land, grassland, wetland and water body to obtain N4Value equivalent after adjustment of coefficient spatiotemporal heterogeneity.
e. Landscape accessibility space-time correction factor (N)5)
The formula N in the above exemplary embodiment 1 is applied5＝AiA, carrying in target area and national road network density data (the road network density data is from the road network density monitoring report of the main cities in China), and obtaining N5The numerical value is multiplied by the aesthetic landscape function value equivalent of 5 types of ecosystems of cultivated land, forest land, grassland, wetland and water body in the table 5 to obtain the product N5Value equivalent after adjustment of coefficient spatiotemporal heterogeneity.
f. Natural geography factor space-time correction
Synthesizing the above-mentioned 5 spatio-temporal correction coefficients in terms of the natural geographic factors, and spatio-temporal correction model based on the natural geographic factors, i.e., formula V in the above-mentioned exemplary embodiment 1jcm＝Nt×Vt(t is1, 2,3,4,5), the value equivalent table for the target area corrected by the space-time of the natural geographic factors is obtained by correcting the value equivalent of the service functions of the 6-type ecosystem and the 11-type ecosystem of the table 5 (table 6).
TABLE 6 service value equivalent table of target area ecosystem corrected by natural geographic factors
Figure BDA0003381701320000191
2) Socio-economic factor spatio-temporal correction
a. Resource scarcity space-time correction coefficient (S)1)
Applying the formula S in the above exemplary embodiment 11＝logRiLogR, which is brought into target area and national average population density data (population data from Chinese yearbook and local yearbook), and can obtain S1Numerical values.
b. Economic development space-time correction coefficient (S)2)
Applying the formula S in the above exemplary embodiment 12＝GiThe data of the total production value in the target area, the national per capita and the national per capita are carried in by the data of the total production value in the national per capita and the national per capita (the data of the total production value in the national per capita and the national per capita come from the annual book of Chinese statistics and the annual book of local statistics), and S can be obtained2Numerical values.
c. Social development spatio-temporal correction coefficient (S)3)
Applying the formula S in the above exemplary embodiment 13＝FiThe general public budget expenditure data of the target area and the population in the country (the general public budget expenditure data of the population comes from the Chinese statistical yearbook and the local statistical yearbook) are brought into the target area, and S can be obtained3Numerical values.
d. Socio-economic factor spatio-temporal correction
Based on the above-mentioned 3 spatio-temporal correction coefficients in terms of socio-economic factors, table 6, and the socio-economic factors spatio-temporal correction model, i.e., formula V in the above-mentioned exemplary embodiment 1jcf＝S1×S2×S3×VjcmA dynamic equivalent factor table obtained by modifying the target area by two factors of natural geography and social economy is shown in table 7 below.
TABLE 7 service value equivalent table of target area ecosystem corrected by two factors of natural geography and social economy
Figure BDA0003381701320000201
Figure BDA0003381701320000211
Economic price of standard equivalent
According to the formula D ═ S in "China annual book 2020", "national agricultural product cost and income documentation 2011" and in the above exemplary embodiment 1r×Fr+Sw×Fw+Sc×FcThe D value (1 normal equivalent economic price) was found to be 3508.6 Yuan/ha.
Economic value of ecosystem service in unit area
From the D value and Table 7, economic values per unit area of 11 types of ecosystem services such as food production, raw material production, and water resource supply of 5 types of ecosystems in the target area such as cultivated land, forest land, grassland, wetland, and water body can be obtained, as shown in Table 8.
TABLE 8 economic value table (Unit: Yuan/ha) for unit area ecosystem service of target area
Figure BDA0003381701320000212
Service value evaluation of ecological space ecosystem in target area
By combining the areas of the land coverage types of the target areas in 2010 and 2020, a comprehensive dynamic evaluation model of the service value of the ecological space ecosystem is applied, the economic value of each ecosystem service type, the service value of each land utilization type ecosystem and the total ecosystem service value of the target areas in 2010 and 2020 are calculated by means of ArcGISI 10.5 software, and a schematic diagram of the economic value composition of each ecosystem service type of the target areas in 2010 and 2020 as shown in FIG. 3 and a schematic diagram of the service value composition of each ecosystem service type of the target areas in 2010 and 2020 as shown in FIG. 4 are drawn by Excel and Cad. The spatial distribution diagram of the total ecosystem service value of the target area in 2010 shown in fig. 5 and the spatial distribution diagram of the total ecosystem service value of the target area in 2020 shown in fig. 6 are drawn through arcgis10.5 and photoshop.
In the drawing of fig. 5 and 6, after the total ESV of 2010 and 2020 is calculated by the model, the total service values of the land utilization types of the target areas of 2010 and 2020 are sorted, and are divided into four value intervals of 100-1000 ten thousand yuan, 1000-3000 ten thousand yuan, 30000-100000 ten thousand yuan and >100000 ten thousand yuan according to the numerical values, the land utilization type of each year has a corresponding value interval (where the artificial earth surface does not participate in the value calculation), and the color of the corresponding land coverage type is adjusted according to the value interval in the symbolic system of the corresponding land coverage layer in the GIS software; adding legends, compass, scale and other operations under the layout view, and adjusting the page setting to export pictures; and then, photo shot is used for adjusting the color, the typesetting and the like of the drawing.
In summary, the advantages of the present invention can include: by applying the method, the value equivalent of the Xigao land and the like based on the national average level can be converted into the specific area through the coefficient correction of the natural geography and the social economy, the ecological system service value of the specific urbanized area is evaluated by applying the comprehensive dynamic evaluation model of the regional ecological space ecological system service value, the contribution power is provided for the planning and construction practice of the target region city, and the reference is provided for the quantitative evaluation of the ecological system service value of other urbanized areas.
Although the present invention has been described above in connection with exemplary embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and changes may be made to the exemplary embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A method for establishing a comprehensive dynamic evaluation model of economic value of a regional ecological space ecosystem service is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining the areas of various ecosystems in a target area;
determining basic equivalent factors of the service functions c of various ecosystems in the target area according to the land utilization type of the target area and the ecological service value equivalent table of the unit area of the Chinese ecosystem;
determining x correction coefficients in terms of natural geographic factors and y correction coefficients in terms of social economic factors of a target area, wherein x is an integer and is not less than 1, and y is an integer and is not less than 1;
correcting the basic equivalent factor of the service function c of each type of ecosystem in the target area according to the x correction factors in the aspect of natural geographic factors and the y correction factors in the aspect of social economic factors to obtain the equivalent factor V of the service function c of the j type ecosystem in the target area after space-time correction in the aspect of natural geographic factors and space-time correction in the aspect of social economic factorsjcf，j＝1,2,...,n；
Determining economic price D values of 1 standard equivalent of the service functions of the ecological system;
according to the area and V of various ecosystems of the target areajcfAnd D value, establishing the evaluation model, wherein the evaluation model comprises: and the dynamic ecosystem of the target area serves a calculation formula of the total economic value.
2. A regional ecological space ecosystem service economic value comprehensive dynamic evaluation model is characterized by comprising:
Figure FDA0003381701310000011
Vjcf＝S1×S2×…×Sy×[Nt×Vt(t＝1,2,...,x)]，
wherein, ESV is the total economic value of the dynamic ecosystem service in the target area, D is the economic price of the ecosystem service function with 1 standard equivalent, AjArea of the j-th ecosystem of the target area;
Vjcfthe equivalent factor S of the service function c of the j-th type ecosystem of the target area after space-time correction on the aspect of natural geographic factors and space-time correction on the aspect of social economic factors1～SyCorrection factor for y socio-economic factors of the target area, N1～NxCorrection factor, V, for x natural geographic factors of the target areatAnd (4) correcting the basic equivalent factor for the service function of the ecological system.
3. The application of the comprehensive dynamic evaluation model for the economic value of the regional ecological space ecosystem service according to claim 2 in the evaluation of the regional ecological space ecosystem service value.
4. The use of the regional ecospace ecosystem service economic value integrated dynamic assessment model according to claim 3, wherein the assessment model is used in conjunction with spatial computing software.
5. A method for evaluating the service value of a regional ecological space ecosystem is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining the area of each land covering type of the target area at a specified time;
determining basic equivalent factors of the service functions c of various ecosystems in the target area according to the land utilization type of the target area and the ecological service value equivalent table of the unit area of the Chinese ecosystem;
determining correction coefficients of a target area in terms of x natural geographic factors and y socioeconomic factors at a specified time, wherein x is an integer and is not less than 1, and y is an integer and is not less than 1;
correcting the basic equivalent factor of the service function c of each type of ecosystem in the target area according to the x correction factors in the aspect of natural geographic factors and the y correction factors in the aspect of social economic factors to obtain the equivalent factor V of the service function c of the j type ecosystem in the target area after space-time correction in the aspect of natural geographic factors and space-time correction in the aspect of social economic factorsjcf，j＝1,2,...,n；
Obtaining a D value of the designated time, wherein the D value is1 equivalent of economic price of the ecosystem service function;
according to the area and V of each land coverage type of the target areajcfAnd D value, evaluating the service value of the regional ecological space ecosystem of the target region.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the step of evaluating the service value of the regional ecosystem of the target region comprises:
according to the area and V of each land coverage type of the target areajcfAnd D value, determining the total economic value ESV of the dynamic ecosystem service in the target area;
evaluating the service value of the regional ecological space ecosystem of the target region according to the ESV;
wherein,
Figure FDA0003381701310000021
Ajarea of the j-th ecosystem of the target area;
Vjcf＝S1×S2×…×Sy×[Nt×Vt(t＝1,2,...,x)]，Vjcfof class j ecosystems being target areasThe service function c is the equivalent factor S after space-time correction on the aspect of natural geographic factors and space-time correction on the aspect of social economic factors1～SyCorrection factor for y socio-economic factors of the target area, N1～NxCorrection factor, V, for x natural geographic factors of the target areatAnd (4) correcting the basic equivalent factor for the service function of the ecological system.
7. The method for evaluating the service value of the ecosystem of a regional ecological space according to claim 5, wherein the evaluation comprises: determining at least one of an economic value of each ecosystem service type, an ecosystem service value of each land use type and a total ecosystem service value of the designated time target area.
8. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the D value at the predetermined time is calculated according to the following formula,
D＝Sr×Fr+Sw×Fw+Sc×Fc，
wherein S isr、SwAnd ScThe sowing areas of the rice, the wheat and the corn in the country of the year of the specified time account for the total sowing area of the three crops, Fr、FwAnd FcThe average net profit per unit area of the national rice, wheat and corn of the year of the specified time.
9. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the area of the j-th ecosystem of the target region is determined by software having a spatial operation function.
10. The method of claim 5, wherein the natural geography factor correction factor comprises: net primary productivity spatiotemporal pruningPositive coefficient N1Precipitation space-time correction coefficient N2Soil conservation space-time correction coefficient N3Biodiversity space-time correction coefficient N4And landscape accessibility space-time correction factor N5At least one of;
the step of determining a correction factor in terms of natural geographic factors comprises:
obtaining N by using formula 11The formula 1 is N1＝NiN, wherein NiThe target area annual average NPP is shown, and N is the national annual average NPP;
obtaining N by formula 22And formula 2 is N2＝Pi/P, wherein PiThe annual average precipitation per unit area of the target area is taken as the precipitation; p is the annual average precipitation of unit area in the country;
obtaining N by formula 33And formula 3 is N3＝E/EiWherein E isiThe average erosion intensity of the soil in the target area is E, and the average erosion intensity of the soil in the country is E;
obtaining N by formula 44And formula 4 is N4＝B/BiWherein B isiThe land type average resistance value of the target area is B, and the national land type average resistance value is B;
obtaining N by formula 55And formula 5 is N5＝AiA, wherein AiThe average traffic road network density of the target area is shown, and A is the national average traffic road network density;
the socioeconomic factor-aspect correction factor includes: resource scarcity space-time correction coefficient S1Economic development space-time correction coefficient S2And social development space-time correction coefficient S3At least one of;
the step of determining a socio-economic factor correction factor comprises:
obtaining S by formula 61Formula 6 is S1＝logRi/logR, wherein logRiIs the target area average population density, logR is the national average population density;
obtaining S by formula 72Formula 7 is S2＝GiA first group of compounds represented by formula IiIs a target areaThe production total value of the region per capita is G, and the production total value of the region per capita is G;
obtaining S by formula 83Formula 8 is S3＝Fi/F, wherein FiThe general public budget expenditure of the target region per capita is shown, and F is the general public budget expenditure of the national per capita;
Vjcf＝S1×S2×S3×[Nt×Vt(t＝1,2,3,4,5)]。
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CN114841560A (en) * 2022-04-29 2022-08-02 甘肃农业大学 Ecological service efficacy evaluation method based on urban land utilization
CN115239127A (en) * 2022-07-20 2022-10-25 西南交通大学 Ecological vulnerability evaluation method, computer device, storage medium and verification method
CN115271428A (en) * 2022-07-25 2022-11-01 西南交通大学 Ecological environment vulnerability evaluation method, computer equipment and storage medium
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CN116957885B (en) * 2023-08-04 2024-02-27 中国水利水电科学研究院 Watershed ecological restoration method based on service value of hydraulic engineering ecological system
CN118095935A (en) * 2024-02-19 2024-05-28 重庆地质矿产研究院 GIS-based regional ecological benefit rapid evaluation method, system and equipment
CN118333434A (en) * 2024-06-14 2024-07-12 贵州师范大学 Ecological service supply management decision-making system for stony desertification region

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