CN114841560A - Ecological service efficacy evaluation method based on urban land utilization - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological service efficacy evaluation method based on urban land utilization, and belongs to the technical field of urban planning. The method mainly comprises the following steps: acquiring urban ecosystem data of a target area; collecting remote sensing images in five time periods, enabling the classification precision to be more than or equal to 90%, and classifying the land after field evaluation; dividing urban land into square grids by means of an ArcGIS fishing net tool, and then respectively calculating the area of each land utilization type in each grid unit; comparing the average actual grain yield per unit area of five time periods with the grain yield per unit area of the nationwide in the same period to obtain a correction coefficient of the service equivalent of the ecosystem; and then obtaining the service value of the urban ecosystem according to the corrected value equivalent and various land utilization areas. The ESV change of Lanzhou city is generally matched with the forest and grass land distribution in the aspect of spatial distribution, and the signs of atrophy and gradual expansion of low-value areas exist in high-value areas in time sequence.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of urban planning, and particularly relates to an ecological service efficacy evaluation method based on urban land utilization.
Background
Ecosystem services are ecosystem services formed by energy flow, logistics and information flow of natural capital and non-natural capital, products and services obtained directly or indirectly through functions of the ecosystem are bridges connecting structures and processes of the ecosystem with human welfare. Changes in Ecosystem Service Values (ESVs) result from Land Use/Cover Change (LUCC) changes that alter the structure, process and function of ecosystems. However, with the development of urbanization and the driving of economic benefits, the structure and process of land utilization are changed dramatically, so that the service function of the ecosystem is seriously damaged and responded, and the human welfare and the realization of the national ecological culture strategy are influenced. Therefore, the change of the ecosystem service value caused by the change of the land utilization is very important for the human health and the regional ecological safety.
The existing literature search shows that Chinese patent publication No. CN113610369B, published on 2022, 4 months and 1 days, discloses an evaluation method for water ecological service efficacy and an urban waterfront landscape construction method, and the evaluation method mainly comprises the following steps: acquiring water ecosystem data of a target area; establishing an evaluation index system, and analyzing the water ecosystem data by an analytic hierarchy process by using the evaluation index system to obtain the weight of each factor of the evaluation index system; and according to the weight of each factor, and combining the water ecosystem data for superposition to obtain an efficacy analysis chart corresponding to the water ecosystem data. Although the patent application has the advantage of visualization of service efficacy evaluation, the increase is not high enough, nor is the ESV growth rate and overall value high enough.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ecological service efficacy evaluation method based on urban land utilization, which has high amplification and ESV (Enterprise service value) growth rate and total value.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an ecological service efficacy evaluation method based on urban land utilization comprises the following steps:
1) acquiring urban ecosystem data of a target area;
2) collecting remote sensing images in five time periods, enabling the classification precision to be more than or equal to 90%, and classifying the land after field evaluation;
3) dividing urban land into square grids by means of an ArcGIS fishing net tool, and then respectively calculating the area of each land utilization type in each grid unit;
4) comparing the average actual grain yield per unit area of five time periods with the grain yield per unit area of the nationwide in the same period to obtain a correction coefficient of the service equivalent of the ecosystem; and then obtaining the service value of the urban ecosystem according to the corrected value equivalent and various land utilization areas.
Further, the remote sensing image in the step 2) is subjected to spatial data acquisition through ArcGIS.
Further, the classification precision in the step 2) is 92%, 95% or 98%.
Further, the land classification in the step 2) is specifically divided into: cultivated land, woodland, grassland, water area, construction land and other land.
Further, the service value of the urban ecosystem in the step 4) is
Further, the specification of the square grid unit in the step 3) is 2km × 2 km.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the grassland area of the invention accounts for more than 60 percent of the natural ecosystem of Lanzhou city, the construction land has 228.83 percent of the increase amplitude after 2000 years, and the reduction amplitude of cultivated land is maximum; land utilization mainly presents the change characteristics that cultivated land is converted into forest land and construction land, and grassland is converted into construction land.
2) The ESV growth rate of Lanzhou city is 7.74%, wherein the ESV of grassland accounts for more than 52%; and hydrologic regulation and soil conservation in a single ESV account for more than 40% of the total value.
3) In the invention, the ESV change of Lanzhou city is generally fit with the forest and grass land distribution in the aspect of spatial distribution, and the signs of atrophy and gradual expansion of low-value areas exist in high-value areas in time sequence.
4) ESV and changes thereof in 5 periods of Lanzhou city have very obvious spatial positive autocorrelation, high-value areas tend to gather, and low-value areas tend to be adjacent; different stages exhibit different spatial clustering characteristics, but the ESV variation hotspot pattern coincides with the ESCI spatial distribution characteristics over the overall distribution.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below. While embodiments of the present invention are shown, it should be understood that the present invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. Those skilled in the art will recognize that alternative embodiments may be made from the following description without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
An ecological service efficacy evaluation method based on urban land utilization comprises the following steps:
1) acquiring urban ecosystem data of a target area;
2) collecting remote sensing images in five time periods, carrying out spatial data collection on the remote sensing images through ArcGIS to enable the classification accuracy to be 92%, 95% or 98%, and classifying the land after field evaluation; the land classification specifically comprises the following steps: cultivated land, woodland, grassland, water area, construction land and other land.
3) Dividing urban land into square grids by means of an ArcGIS fishing net tool, and then respectively calculating the area of each land utilization type in each grid unit; the specification of the square grid unit is 2km multiplied by 2 km.
4) Comparing the average actual grain yield per unit area of five time periods with the grain yield per unit area of the nationwide in the same period to obtain a correction coefficient of the service equivalent of the ecosystem; and then obtaining the service value of the urban ecosystem according to the corrected value equivalent and various land utilization areas. The service value of the urban ecosystem is
In the formula, the ESV represents the value of ecosystem service; ai represents an area of the ith soil utilization type (hm 2); VCi represents an ecosystem service value coefficient of the ith land utilization type; ESvf represents the value of the f-th ecosystem service; VCfi represents the service value coefficient of the f ecological system of the i land utilization type; ECf value equivalent for a certain type of land use the f ecosystem service; ea is 1 standard equivalent ecosystem service value.
Taking Lanzhou city as an example, the ecological service value equivalent per unit area is shown in Table 1:
ecosystem service change index
The ecosystem service change index characterizes the change of ecosystem service, and is used for representing the gain or loss of a single factor of the ecosystem service, and the specific formula is as follows:
in the formula, ESCIx represents a single ecosystem service change index; ES (ES) CURx Representing last year ecosystem service; ES (ES) HISx Representing initial year ecosystem service, the positive and negative values represent an increase or decrease in the value of the ecosystem service.
Spatial statistical analysis
And calculating a spatial autocorrelation coefficient by utilizing the exploratory spatial data, describing the spatial aggregation and the abnormity of the spatial distribution pattern of the visual objects or phenomena, and discovering the spatial interaction between the objects. Wherein Moran's I is used for describing the ecosystem service value global space autocorrelation characteristics; g × i is used to describe the distribution pattern of the aggregate and differential features of the spatial variation of the service value of the ecosystem, namely the "hot spots" and the "cold spots". The calculation formulas are respectively as follows:
where n is the number of spatial grid cells, xi and xj represent the observed values of cell i and cell j, respectively,
is the deviation of the observed value from the average value in the ith space element, and wij is a space weight matrix established based on the spatial k adjacency relationship.
Examples of the experiments
Land utilization dynamic change characteristics of Lanzhou city
1. Land utilization area change of Lanzhou city
According to land utilization interpretation data of Lanzhou city, 1980-2020 Lanzhou city land utilization type is mainly grassland, occupies more than 60% of the total land area, and is mainly distributed in the middle, southwest and northwest of Lanzhou city; secondly, the cultivated land is about 20 percent and is mainly distributed in the southwest and the northwest of Lanzhou city, and the cultivated land and the northwest of Lanzhou city are close to 80 percent of the total land area of the Lanzhou city; other land use types take up less area. From the viewpoint of the change of land utilization type area, the increase of the area of the construction land in Lanzhou city in 1980-2020 is largestIncrease 800.64km 2 Secondly, forest land, increase 663.99km 2 (ii) a The reduction of the cultivated land area is 1440.13km at most 2 Other land use types have less area variation. From the aspect of area change rate, the area change range of the construction land in Lanzhou city in 1980-2020 is the largest, the growth rate is as high as 2.55%, the area change ranges of forest land, cultivated land and water area are large, the change rates are respectively 0.87%, -0.38% and 0.15%, and the change ranges of grassland and unused land are small. From the aspect of sectional change of area, the area proportion of forest land, construction land and water area in 1980-2020 shows a continuously increasing situation, and especially increases explosively in 2010-2020; the arable land, the grassland and the unused land are increased and then decreased, and particularly, the arable land area is decreased by 35.45% in 2010-2020 years, as shown in table 2:
2. land utilization transposition matrix for Lanzhou city
As can be seen from Table 3, the most land is exported in the land use type transpose matrix in the period of 1980-2020 in Lanzhou city, and the export area reaches 1777.19km 2 66.43% of the total amount of the transferred soil, mainly transferred to forest land, grassland and construction land; secondly, the meadow area is 466.34km 2 Accounting for 17.43 percent of the total output; the turning-out area of the forest land, other lands and construction land is 205.01km 2 、 152.89km 2 、52.96km 2 7.66%, 5.71% and 1.98% of the total area of the roll-out, and 0.78% of the least water area of the roll-out. From the aspect of turning, the turning of the forest land is the most, mainly from 763.54km cultivated land 2 And grass land 86.14km 2 Total turning area 869.00km 2 Accounting for 32.20% of the total transferred area; secondly, the construction land is transferred to 853.60km 2 Accounting for 31.62% of the total transferred area; grassland, arable land, other lands each account for 16.81%, 12.49% and 5.80% of the total transferred area; the transfer is at least water area, which accounts for 1.14% of the total transfer area. From the aspect of spatial layout, the land utilization types in Lanzhou city are obviously changedThe distribution is in the Lanzhou city, the Lanzhou new district, the Satland county, and the area north of the Lanzhou city. The main reason is that the extent of the Lanzhou city and urban area is expanded since 1980, a Lanzhou new district and a three-county city area are established in 2012, and large-area cultivated land and grassland are developed into construction land. In the urban area of Lanzhou city, greening projects such as returning to forest and returning to grass, planting trees and afforesting are mainly carried out in the north area, so that the area of the forest and grass is obviously increased, and the protection of the regional ecological environment is promoted.
Dynamic change characteristic of service value of ecosystem of Lanzhou city
1. Ecosystem service value variation of different land utilization types
As can be seen from Table 4, the total value of land ecosystem service in Lanzhou city in 1980-2020 is reduced and then increased, during which 13.93 hundred million yuan is cumulatively increased, and the growth rate is 7.74%. Wherein 179.93 billion in 1980 is reduced to 179.37 billion in 2000, which is reduced to 0.56 billion, and then 193.86 billion in 2020 is increased to 14.49 billion; from the view of different land utilization types, ESV of forest land and water area are respectively increased by 28.17 million yuan and 0.86 million yuan in 1980 and 2020, and the growth rate respectively reaches 86.88% and 14.57%; ESV of cultivated land, grassland and other land is reduced in different degrees, wherein the ESV of the cultivated land is reduced by 14.88 billion yuan, and the reduction rate reaches 37.79%; secondly, the ESV of the grassland is reduced by 0.19 million yuan, the reduction amplitude reaches 0.18 percent, and the ESV of other lands is reduced by 0.02 million yuan, and the reduction amplitude reaches 10.11 percent. In conclusion, the change of the forest land area is the main reason of the change of the total value of the ecological system service in Lanzhou city within 40 years, and the change of the arable land area is the key reason of the reduction of the ecological service value.
2. Single ecosystem service value variation
As can be seen from Table 5, the ecological service value of Lanzhou city is generally increasing from 1980 to 2020 by 13.93 billion Yuan. Wherein the single ecological service value is mainly based on soil maintenance and hydrologic regulation and accounts for more than 40 percent of the total value. In 1980-2020 hydrologic regulation change is most obvious, increased by 3.15 billion yuan, accounting for 22.58% of total increase; and secondly, gas regulation, raw material production and water resource supply are respectively increased by 2.75 million yuan, 2.72 million yuan and 2.48 million yuan, which account for 57.07% of the total increase, because of the enlargement of forest land and water area, the ecological regulation function is enhanced, the food production is only reduced, the 2.37 million yuan is reduced, the cultivated land area is mainly reduced more, and the food production guarantee function is reduced.
Spatial statistical analysis of service value of ecosystem of Lanzhou city
1. Spatial autocorrelation analysis
As can be seen from Table 6, the ESV global Moran's I values of 5 periods in 1980-2020 of Lanzhou city are all greater than 0.32, and the p values are all less than 0.001, which indicates that the spatial distribution of the ESV of Lanzhou city has strong forward autocorrelation and very significant aggregation in space, high-value regions tend to aggregate, and low-value regions tend to be adjacent; and the global Moran's I value of 5 periods rises year by year, reaches the lowest value 0.3819 in 2020, which shows that the spatial autocorrelation of the ESV is gradually enhanced, and shows that the ESV spatial distribution aggregation of Lanzhou city is continuously enhanced under the policy influence.
By analyzing the spatial autocorrelation of ESV in Lanzhou city in different time periods, the global Moran's I value is increased and then decreased, and the value also has obvious spatial aggregation, and the change of ESV reaches the maximum value of 0.2523 in the years of 2000-2010. This shows that the spatial aggregation effect of the dynamic evolution process of the ESV in Lanzhou city is enhanced and then weakened, and different spatial aggregation characteristics are shown at different stages. The 1980-2020 global Moran's I value of the global ESV dynamic change of Lanzhou city reaches 0.2880, and also shows that the spatial autocorrelation and the spatial aggregation effect are remarkable.
2. On the basis of grid units, an ArcGIS hotspot analysis tool (Getis-OrdGi) is used for selecting hotspots and cold spots with statistical significance with confidence coefficient of more than 90%, as shown in Table 7:
as can be seen from table 7, from the change of the cold spot and hot spot distribution areas by the ESV in the city of langzhou in 1980-2018, the area proportion of the lost cold spot distribution is less than that of the value-added hot spot, which also reflects the increase of the total value of the ecosystem service of land utilization in the city of langzhou.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present disclosure, but the scope of the embodiments of the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes, substitutions or combinations within the technical scope of the embodiments of the present disclosure or under the concept of the embodiments of the present disclosure, and all of them should be covered by the scope of the embodiments of the present disclosure.
Claims (6)
1. An ecological service efficacy evaluation method based on urban land utilization is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) acquiring urban ecosystem data of a target area;
2) collecting remote sensing images in five time periods, enabling the classification precision to be more than or equal to 90%, and classifying the land after field evaluation;
3) dividing urban land into square grids by means of an ArcGIS fishing net tool, and then respectively calculating the area of each land utilization type in each grid unit;
4) comparing the average actual grain yield per unit area of five time periods with the grain yield per unit area of the nationwide in the same period to obtain a correction coefficient of the service equivalent of the ecosystem; and then obtaining the service value of the urban ecosystem according to the corrected value equivalent and various land utilization areas.
2. The method for evaluating the efficacy of ecological services based on urban land use according to claim 1, wherein the remote sensing image in the step 2) is subjected to spatial data acquisition through ArcGIS.
3. The method for evaluating the efficacy of ecological services based on urban land use according to claim 1, wherein the classification precision in the step 2) is 92%, 95% or 98%.
4. The method for evaluating the efficacy of ecological services based on urban land utilization according to claim 1, wherein the land classification in the step 2) is specifically divided into: cultivated land, woodland, grassland, water area, construction land and other land.
5. The method for evaluating the efficacy of ecological services based on urban land utilization according to claim 1, wherein the service value of the urban ecological system in the step 4) is
6. An evaluation method of efficiency of ecological services based on urban land utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that the specification of the square grid cells in the step 3) is 2km x 2 km.
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| CN117252443A (en) * | 2023-09-28 | 2023-12-19 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Evaluation method and device for ecological accumulation effect of open-pit mining area |
| CN117252443B (en) * | 2023-09-28 | 2024-04-12 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Evaluation method and device for ecological accumulation effect of open-pit mining area |
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