CN108805466A - A kind of seashore wetland Estimation for value of ecosystem services method - Google Patents
A kind of seashore wetland Estimation for value of ecosystem services method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of seashore wetland Estimation for value of ecosystem services method, builds seashore wetland ecosystem service function assessment indicator system；Calculate supply value of services；It calculates and adjusts value of services；It calculates and supports value of services；Calculate Cultural Services value；Calculate seashore wetland ecosystems services total value.The present invention is directed to the characteristics of seashore wetland ecosystem, determines its service function and corresponding evaluation method, can accurately reflect seashore wetland Ecosystem Services Value.Using Ecosystem Service Value appraisal procedure provided by the invention; the value of different year can be calculated; subtract to obtain the value of services on the basis of a certain year by flat; the comparativity of realized value; more accurately show seashore wetland ecosystem service function, protective awareness of the excitation mankind to natural ecosystems.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to ecological environmental protection technical fields, and in particular to a kind of seashore wetland value of ecosystem service is commented
Valence method.
Background technology
Seashore wetland is the zone of transition between land and ocean, has the complicated ecosystem, in protection seashore
Line, control corrode and the factors such as purification sewage play an important roll, and are one of the wetlands ecosystems of most conservation value, right
Local area ecological balance is maintained to be of great significance.However greater coasting area economic development in recent years is rapid, the size of population increases, to shore
The utilization intensity of marine swamp increases, its ecosystem service function is made to degenerate, and it is flat to destroy local area ecological to a certain extent
Weighing apparatus.
Currently, the first step, the research in China are just stepped in the research of the Ecosystem Services Value factor of evaluation in China
Stage of the present situation also in the reference of the introduction of related notion, appraisement system and method.State's intrinsic evaluation seashore wetland ecosystem
Ecosystem Service Value factor of uniting also has many deficiencies, is determining envelop of function factor, is considering not comprehensive enough；In evaluation method,
Researchers directly quote the appraisement system and evaluation method of Costanza mostly, are lack of pertinence.
Invention content
Goal of the invention：In view of the deficienciess of the prior art, in order to improve seashore wetland Estimation for value of ecosystem services
Accuracy build Value appraisal system the present invention is based on seashore wetland Ecosystem characteristics, united based on remotely-sensed data and society
It counts, it is big to the supply of the seashore wetland ecosystem, adjusting, support, Cultural Services 4 in conjunction with ecological and ECONOMICAL APPROACH TO
12 subclass service functions of class using Market valuation method, shadow project approach, the methods of are replaced into this law, Afforestation cost method and carry out
Value assessment.
Technical solution：In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows：
A kind of seashore wetland Estimation for value of ecosystem services method, includes the following steps：
(1) seashore wetland ecosystem service function assessment indicator system is built；
(2) supply value of services is calculated；
(3) it calculates and adjusts value of services；
(4) it calculates and supports value of services；
(5) Cultural Services value is calculated；
(6) seashore wetland ecosystems services total value is calculated.
Preferably, the seashore wetland ecosystem service function is divided into the service of supply, adjusting services, support services,
Four big service type of Cultural Services, and four big service types are finely divided.
Preferably, according to the ecotype of the seashore wetland ecosystem, value of ecosystem service attribute source and wet
Ground present status of land utilization establishes the attaching relation of ecosystems services and land use pattern, for social economy of research area shape
Condition establishes seashore wetland ecosystem service function assessment indicator system, and currency valence is carried out to wetlands ecosystems indices
Value analysis.
Preferably, the supply service of seashore wetland includes substance production and supplies water,
Wetlands ecosystems substance productive value is evaluated using Market valuation method, computational methods are：
V1=∑ Qi×Pi
In formula：V1For substance productive value, Qi is the total output of the i-th substance, and Pi is the market unit valence of respective substance
Lattice；I=1,2,3 ... n, n are provided the type of substance by the ecosystem.
The water supply value of wetlands ecosystems is evaluated using Market valuation method, computational methods are：
V2=C1×P1+C2×P2+C3×P3
In formula：V2To supply Water Resources Value, C1, C2, C3Be respectively wetland provide live, industry, industrial water amount；
P1, P2, P3Mutually to apply the unit price of water.
Preferably, the adjusting service of seashore wetland includes purification of water quality, water conservation, regulates the climate, carbon sequestration, big controlled atmosphere
Section and created land with silt,
The cost of use method of substitution evaluates wetlands ecosystems purification of water quality value, and computational methods are：
V3=∑ Qj×Pj
In formula：V3It is worth for purification of water quality, QjFor the discharge capacity of jth kind pollutant, PjFor the processed in units of corresponding pollutant
Cost；J=1,2,3 ... n, n are the quantity of pollutant in the ecosystem.
The water conservation value of wetlands ecosystems is evaluated using shadow project approach, computational methods are：
V4=V × P
In formula：V4It is worth for water conservation, V is that wetland stores gross amount of water resources；P is to build reservoir unit price cost；
The value of regulating the climate of wetlands ecosystems is evaluated, computational methods are：
V5=Δ T × Pt+ΔM×Pm
In formula：V5It is worth for climate regulation, △ T wetland cooling extents, △ M are wetland humidification amplitude, Pt1 DEG C of needs of cooling
Expense, PmIt is the unit costs of humidification；
The carbon sequestration value of wetlands ecosystems is evaluated using carbon tax method, computational methods are：
V6=(Qveg+Qsoil)×PC
In formula：V6It is worth for carbon sequestration, QvegFor muskeg carbon capacity, QsoilIt is wetland soil carbon capacity, PCIt is International Carbon
The average value of tax standard；
The function value that wetlands ecosystems air is adjusted, computational methods are calculated using Afforestation cost method, Market valuation method
For：
V7=QO2×PO2-QCH4×PCH4
In formula：V7It adjusts and is worth for air, QO2For wetland oxygen release amount, QCH4For wetland emission greenhouse gas flow, PO2And PCH4
It is corresponding valence respectively；
Using Market valuation method, seashore wetland created land with silt value is calculated, computational methods are：
V8=S × P
In formula：V8It is worth (member) for created land with silt, S is that wetland increases area (square metre), and P is Local Units national territorial area
(member/square metre).
Preferably, seashore wetland support service includes bio-diversity and holding two factors of soil,
Using the average value of bio-diversity conservation unit value, research area's bio-diversity conservation value is calculated, is calculated
Method is：
V9=S × I
In formula：V9For Biodiversity Value, S is Wetland Area, and I is bio-diversity unit value；
The holding land value of wetlands ecosystems is calculated using assessment methods of shallow price, computational methods are：
V10=(Ax×B)/H+∑(Ai×Ny×Py)/Ry
In formula：V10To keep land value, AxFor the quantity of soil conservation of different Wetland Types, x=1,2,3 ... n, n make a living
Wetland is similar to quantity in state system, and B is that unit soil grain is averaged output income, and H is whole nation arable land average thickness, NyIt is different
The content of Wetland Type the soil nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter, PyFor fertilizer price, RyFor nitrogen in chemical fertilizer, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter
Content, y=1,2,34, the soil nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter are indicated respectively.
Preferably, seashore wetland Cultural Services include two factors of tourism and leisure and scientific research and education,
Tourism and leisure value is calculated using travel cost method, and computational methods are：
V11=F1+F2+F3
V in formula11For total value of travelling, F1It is directly taken in travel, F2For cost of trip, F3It is worth for travel time；
The scientific research value of wetlands ecosystems is evaluated, computational methods are：
V12=M × Pk
V12For scientific research and education value, M is that current year delivers and the relevant Quantity of Papers of wetland, PkFor the input of every paper
Cost.
Preferably, according to step (2) to (5) for the computational methods of seashore wetland items Ecosystem Service Value, to work as
Year calculation of price obtains different year seashore wetland ecosystems services total value.
Preferably, using wherein a certain time as the base period, by the Ecosystem Service Value in other times carry out it is flat subtract processing,
It is converted into the value calculated with base period fixed price, the value of different times is made to be compared, rejects the influence of price change,
Obtain the actual change of value of services.
Advantageous effect：Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages：
The present invention is directed to the characteristics of seashore wetland ecosystem, determines its service function and corresponding evaluation method, Ke Yizhun
Really reflect seashore wetland Ecosystem Services Value.Using Ecosystem Service Value appraisal procedure provided by the invention,
The value that different year can be calculated subtracts to obtain the value of services on the basis of a certain year by putting down, the comparativity of realized value,
More accurately show seashore wetland ecosystem service function, protective awareness of the excitation mankind to natural ecosystems.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is seashore wetland Estimation for value of ecosystem services method structural schematic diagram.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is furture elucidated, and embodiment is under based on the technical solution of the present invention
Implemented, it should be understood that these examples are only for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The seashore wetland Estimation for value of ecosystem services method of the application, mainly includes the following steps that：
(1) seashore wetland ecosystem service function assessment indicator system is built；
(2) supply value of services is calculated；
(3) it calculates and adjusts value of services；
(4) it calculates and supports value of services；
(5) Cultural Services value is calculated；
(6) seashore wetland ecosystems services total value is calculated.
Specifically, step (1), builds seashore wetland ecosystem service function assessment indicator system：
With reference to the mode classification of Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, by seashore wetland ecosystems services
Function is divided into supply service, adjusts service, supports service, four big service type of Cultural Services, and by Costanza, De
The more universal classification results of the receiving such as Groot, MA, TEEB, Burkhard are summarized, special in conjunction with the seashore wetland ecosystem
The features such as sign, structure and ecological process, the ecosystem service function of seashore wetland is subdivided into 12 function types.
According to the ecotype of the seashore wetland ecosystem, value of ecosystem service attribute source and wetland land use
Present situation establishes the attaching relation of ecosystems services and land use pattern, for research area's socioeconomic status, establishes strand
Evaluating service function of wetland ecosystem index system, using Market valuation method, shadow project approach, be replaced into this law, afforestation at
The evaluation methods such as this law carry out monetary value analysis to wetlands ecosystems indices.
Step (2) calculates supply value of services：
The supply service of seashore wetland includes two factors of substance production and water supply,
Wetlands ecosystems have higher productivity, contain abundant animal and plant resource, are the important substances of the mankind
Wetlands ecosystems substance productive value is evaluated using Market valuation method in source, and computational methods are：
V1=∑ Qi×Pi
In formula：V1For substance productive value (member), QiFor the total output (ton) of the i-th substance, PiFor the market of respective substance
Unit price (ton/member)；I=1,2,3 ... n, n are provided the type of substance by the ecosystem.
Wetland includes numerous marshes, river, lake, reservoir, reproducible freshwater resources is provided for the mankind, frequently as residence
The water source of domestic use of water, industrial water and agricultural water.The water supply value of wetlands ecosystems is commented using Market valuation method
Valence, computational methods are：
V2=C1×P1+C2×P2+C3×P3
In formula：V2For supply Water Resources Value (member), C1, C2, C3Be respectively wetland provide live, industry, industrial water
It measures (ton)；P1, P2, P3Mutually to apply the unit price (yuan/ton) of water.
Step (3) calculates and adjusts value of services evaluation：
It includes purification of water quality that the adjusting of seashore wetland, which services, water conservation, regulate the climate, carbon sequestration, air are adjusted and promote to become silted up
Epeirogenetic.
When water body enters wetland because the barrier effect of water plant, slow water body are conducive to the deposition of deposit, perhaps
Multi-pollutant matter is adsorbed on the surface of deposit, and the nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus and poisonous and harmful substance etc. are by complicated physics and chemistry mistake
Journey and biodegradation process are absorbed by wetland, are retained, and water quality is made to be purified and improve.The present invention is using the expense method of substitution to wet
Ground ecosystem purification of water quality value is evaluated, and computational methods are：
V3=∑ Qj×Pj
In formula：V3It is worth (member) for purification of water quality, QjFor the discharge capacity (ton) of jth kind pollutant, PjFor corresponding pollutant
Processed in units cost (yuan/ton)；J=1,2,3 ... n, n are the quantity of pollutant in the ecosystem.
Wetlands ecosystems are huge biological water storage library energy, enough that extra precipitation accumulation is got up, and are slowly discharged,
So as to carry out sub-distribution again to precipitation over time and space.Wetland have powerful water-holding capacity, flooding period in short-term
Between store a large amount of flood, be stored in wetland soil or in the form of surface water it is in store, so as to regulated flow, subtract
The flood discharge in few downstream.The present invention will study area's Characteristics and Water Conservation Function and be divided into two parts, and a part is the earth's surfaces diameters such as river, lake
Stream, another part is the wetland and artificial swamp for having vegetative coverage.The water source of wetlands ecosystems is contained using shadow project approach
Foster value is evaluated, and computational methods are：
V4=V × P
In formula：V4It is worth (member) for water conservation, V is that wetland stores gross amount of water resources (cubic meter)；P is to build reservoir list
Position cost (member/cubic meter)；
Wetland regulate the climate function include wetland and wetland plant Water Cycle and constituent of atomsphere change adjust part
Temperature, humidity and the precipitation situation in area, the climatic elements such as wind, temperature, humidity in adjustment region, to mitigate arid, wind
Sand, freeze disaster, soil desertification process prevent loss of soil nutrient, improve soil regime.Since wetland thermal capacity is big, moisture evapotranspires
Acutely, there is certain decreasing temperature and increasing humidity to act on regional air, adjustment effect then is generated to region miniclimate, to Wetland ecological system
The value of regulating the climate of system is evaluated, and computational methods are：
V5=Δ T × Pt+ΔM×Pm
In formula：V5It is worth (member) for climate regulation, △ T wetland cooling extents (degree Celsius), △ M are wetland humidification amplitudes
(cubic meter), PtThe expense (member/degree Celsius) of 1 DEG C of needs of cooling, PmIt is the unit costs (member/cubic meter) of humidification；
Muskeg is absorbed by photosynthesis and fixed a large amount of carbon dioxide, also contains in wetland soil a large amount of
Carbon.The carbon sequestration value of wetlands ecosystems is evaluated using carbon tax method, computational methods are：
V6=(Qveg+Qsoil)×PC
In formula：V6It is worth (member) for carbon sequestration, QvegFor muskeg carbon capacity (ton), QsoilIt is wetland soil carbon capacity
(ton), PCIt is the average value (yuan/ton) of international carbon tax standard；
Muskeg discharges oxygen by photosynthesis, has improvement result, discharge methane, nitrous oxide etc. to weather
Greenhouse gases have negative effect to weather.Gas regulating function value is that the sum of Plant emission oxygen value subtracts greenhouse gases
The value of discharge.The function value that wetlands ecosystems air is adjusted, calculating side are calculated using Afforestation cost method, Market valuation method
Method is：
V7=QO2×PO2-QCH4×PCH4
In formula：V7Value (ton), Q are adjusted for airO2For wetland oxygen release amount (cubic meter), QCH4For wetland emission greenhouse gas
The scale of construction (cubic meter), PO2And PCH4It is phase dutiable value (member/cubic meter) respectively；
Seashore wetland vegetation such as salt marss has significant impact, when wave is from salt marss to sedimentation effect
Between pass through when, the rubbing action of plant makes the portion of energy of wave consume, and alleviates flow and is washed away to soil, water body is made to carry
The sedimentation of part fine sediment.Using Market valuation method, seashore wetland created land with silt value is calculated, computational methods
For：
V8=S × P
In formula：V8It is worth (member) for created land with silt, S is that wetland increases area (square metre), and P is Local Units national territorial area
(member/square metre).
Step (4) calculates and supports value of services：
Seashore wetland support service include bio-diversity and holding two factors of soil,
Wetland possesses very abundant animals and plants type, is inhabited for it, multiplies and provide base.It is protected using bio-diversity
The average value of unit value is protected, research area's bio-diversity conservation value is calculated, computational methods are：
V9=S × I
In formula：V9For Biodiversity Value (member), S is Wetland Area (square metre), and I is bio-diversity unit value
(member/square metre)；
It includes 2 factors that wetland, which keeps land value,：First, the reduction of marsh area soil erosion is worth, second is that reducing soil fertility
The value of loss.A part of nutriment of wetland can be combined together with deposit, as deposit settles simultaneously, many water
The raw vascular plant speed of growth quickly, can largely absorb the nutrients such as the N P and K in soil, then pass through biochemistry
It is stored after reaction conversions.Choose the nutrients such as the soluble easily in water or easy N P and K detached under external force with soil come into
Row calculates, and the holding land value of wetlands ecosystems is calculated using assessment methods of shallow price, and computational methods are：
V10=(Ax×B)/H+∑(Ai×Ny×Py)/Ry
In formula：V10To keep land value (member), AxFor the quantity of soil conservation (ton) of different Wetland Types, x=1,2,3 ...
N, n are that wetland is similar to quantity in the ecosystem, and B is that unit soil grain be averaged output income (member/square metre), and H is that the whole nation is cultivated
Ground average thickness (rice), NyIt is the content (percentage) of nitrogen in different wetland soil types, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter, PyFor chemical fertilizer valence
Lattice (yuan/ton), RyFor the content (percentage) of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter in chemical fertilizer, y=1,2,3,4, it indicates in soil respectively
Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter.
Step (5) calculates Cultural Services value：
Seashore wetland Cultural Services include two factors of tourism and leisure and scientific research and education,
Seashore wetland beautiful scenery, landscape are unique, with fresh air, have certain aesthstic ornamental value, be people's tourism,
Leisure, the best place accomplished provide the amusement and travel place shown unique characteristics for nearby residents and various regions tourist, and tourism is total
Value is made of travel directly income, cost of trip and travel time value three parts.Tourism directly income includes admission ticket, hotel
Income, Souvenirs income and parking fee income.Tourism and leisure value is calculated using travel cost method, and computational methods are：
V11=F1+F2+F3
In formula：V11For tourism total value (member), F1For directly income (member) of travelling, F2For cost of trip (member), F3For tourism
The time value (member)；
The bio-diversity of wetlands ecosystems, the evolution of wetland, distribution, structure and function etc. are the scientific research and religion of the mankind
Educate work provide research object and research region in-depth study wetland people can be made more fully to recognize residing for us
Ecological environment contributes for ecological development.The scientific research value of wetlands ecosystems includes mainly relevant basic science
The values such as research, teaching practice, culture and propaganda action, video display publicity.The scientific research value of wetlands ecosystems is evaluated, calculating side
Method is：
V12=M × Pk
In formula：V12For scientific research and education value (member), M is that current year delivers and the relevant Quantity of Papers of wetland (piece), PkFor
The input cost (a member/piece) of every paper.
Step (6) calculates seashore wetland ecosystems services total value：
According to step (2) to (5) for the computational methods of seashore wetland items Ecosystem Service Value, calculated with current year's prices
Obtain different year seashore wetland ecosystems services total value.Using wherein a certain time as the base period, by the life in other times
State value of services, which put down, subtracts processing, is converted into the value calculated with base period fixed price, the value of different times is made to carry out
Compare, reject the influence of price change, obtains the actual change of value of services.
Using Hangzhou-Bay Wetland as research area, the seashore wetland ecology service evaluation method using the present invention is divided
Analysis：
Hangzhou-Bay Wetland is located at the northeast of Zhejiang Province, China province, is the horn-like firth that the Qiantang River enters sea formation,
It is world-renowned Macro-tidal estuary gulf.The present embodiment key data source includes multi- source Remote Sensing Data data, Wetlands Monitoring data, geographical auxiliary
Help data and socioeconomic driving forces.Remotely-sensed data includes 2000,2005,2010 and 2015 totally 4 phase Landsat
TM/OLI images.Remotely-sensed data derives from：https://glovis.usgs.gov/, orbital number 118/39.With
ENVI5.3 softwares carry out radiation calibration, atmospheric correction to remotely-sensed data, the pretreatments such as cut out, using traditional decision-tree, by Hangzhou
Gulf seashore wetland is divided into shallow sea, beach, extra large scirpus scirpus, Spartina alterniflora, freshwater marsh, water body, culture pond, paddy field,
Dry land, waterproof earth's surface, forest, bare area and salt pan totally 13 class, obtain 4 phase land cover classification results.It is examined on the spot in conjunction with field
Data is examined, accuracy test is carried out to classification of remote-sensing images result based on confusion matrix method, the overall accuracy of Wetland classification reaches
85% or more.Wetlands Monitoring data include that Wetland of Hangzhou Bay ecosystem location observation research station observes, studies accumulation throughout the year
Data and experimental determination data.Geographic assistant data includes Cixi City administrative map and soil data.Social statistics data
Change including the Ningbo City 2000-2015 Nian Jian statistical yearbook, Ningbo City's water resource bulletin, Cixi City statistical yearbook, country and development
The historical price etc. that the leather committee announces.
In conjunction with the features such as Hangzhou-Bay Wetland ecosystem feature, structure and ecological process, ecosystem service function
It is divided into four major class, 12 service functions and corresponding evaluation method are as shown in table 1.
1 Hangzhou-Bay Wetland value of ecosystem service design schedule of table
The algorithm of supply value of services, the supply of Calculation Estimation Hangzhou-Bay Wetland are calculated according to step of the present invention (2)
Value of services：
Wetlands ecosystems substance productive value is evaluated using Market valuation method, the fishery output value (seawater/fresh water production
Product be worth) and rice yield derive from《Ningbo City's statistical yearbook》, rice price according to country and State Development and Reform Commission person can announce
The minimum procurement price of rice calculate, area of Phragmites communis comes from remotely-sensed data classification results, yield 0.5thm-2, it is calculated
Hangzhou-Bay Wetland studies area's substance productive value, and the results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 studies area's substance productive value
The water supply value of the Hangzhou-Bay Wetland ecosystem is evaluated using Market valuation method.Life, industry and
Water Consumption in Agriculture comes from《Ningbo City's water resource bulletin》With《Ningbo City's statistical yearbook》, sent out from Ningbo City with water price lattice
Open up the data of reform committee official website website orientation.Hangzhou-Bay Wetland research area is calculated and supplies water value as shown in table 3.
Table 3 studies area's water supply value
Explanation：Domestic water, industrial water and agricultural water unit price are respectively 3.40,5.95,0.05 yuan of m-3
The algorithm for adjusting value of services, the adjusting of Calculation Estimation Hangzhou-Bay Wetland are calculated according to step of the present invention (3)
Value of services：
The cost of use method of substitution evaluates wetlands ecosystems purification of water quality value.Hangzhou-Bay Wetland studies area
All kinds of Wetland Areas come from remotely-sensed data classification results, according to Shao Xuexin's etc. 2013 research shows that：Natural beach is located every year
Reason sewage quantity is 196 133.3thm-2·a-1, water quality is by five classes promotion inferior to three classes water.According to Tan Xue's etc. 2015
Result of study shows that sewage plant is averaged treatment cost as 2.73 yuan of t-1, average construction cost is 1.73 yuan of m-3, average to transport
Row cost is 1.03 yuan of m-3, research area's purification of water quality value such as table 4 are calculated accordingly.
Table 4 studies area's purification of water quality value
The present invention will study area's Characteristics and Water Conservation Function and be divided into two parts, and a part is the rainwashes such as river, lake, another
Part is the wetland and artificial swamp for having vegetative coverage.The present invention is using shadow project approach to the water conservation of wetlands ecosystems
Value is evaluated.Surface water resources amount comes from the water resource bulletin of Ningbo municipal government, has the wetland of vegetative coverage to be mainly
Freshwater marsh takes 1m according to its peak level is investigated, and the peak level in culture pond and paddy field is 1.5m and 0.3m respectively.Mutually
Flower spartina and extra large scirpus scirpus marsh and underground can also water conservation, since growth is outside dykes and dams, by tide
The moisture of effect, self-restraint is seawater, temporarily only considers freshwater resources when calculating water conservation.According to the gloomy of State Administration of Forestry's publication
Woods ecosystem service function evaluating regulation, unit reservoir capacity cost in 2005 are 6.110 7 yuan of m-3, domestic production is total
Value Average price index, which put down, subtracts 2000,2010 and 2015 years storage capacity costs of calculating, calculates annual water conservation value accordingly
It is as follows.
Table 5 studies area's water conservation value
Since wetland thermal capacity is big, moisture evapotranspires acutely, has certain decreasing temperature and increasing humidity to act on regional air, then to area
Domain miniclimate generates adjustment effect.It consults Ningbo City's water resource bulletin to obtain working as annual mean ground temperature (being shown in Table 6), according to remote sensing point
Class result calculates current year total evaporation capacity.The heat of vaporization 2260kJkg depressed in 100 DEG C and 1 normal atmosphere according to water-1, meter
Calculate the total amount of heat needed for annual moisture evaporation.Evaporation reduces temperature and is calculated according to the refrigeration consumption of air-conditioning, the efficiency of air-conditioning
Than taking 3.0, power consumption is about 125kWh.Wetland evaporation from water surface increase air humidity value using humidifier Energy in use into
Row calculates, and is calculated with more typical household humidifier power 32W in the market, by 1m3It is about 125 degree that water, which is converted into steam power consumption,
(kWh=3.6*10^6J).According to the current year electricity charge standard that Ningbo pricing bureau announces, research area's climate regulation value is calculated such as
Under.
Table 6 studies area's climate regulation value
Muskeg is absorbed by photosynthesis and fixed a large amount of carbon dioxide, also contains in wetland soil a large amount of
Carbon.According to photosynthesis reaction equation, plant, which often produces 1g dry matters, can absorb 1.63g carbon dioxide, that is, fix pure carbon amounts
0.44g.Wushu (6) is extended to V6=PC×∑(0.44NiSi+SiCi).In formula：V6It is worth (first a for wetland carbon sequestration-1)；PCFor
Carbon tax rate (first t-1)；NiFor the unit area plant net production (kgm of i-th kind of ground class-2)；SiFor corresponding wetland face
Product (m2)；CiFor unit area carbon density (kgm-2).Carbon tax rate is used using the relatively broad Sweden's carbon tax rate price of receiving,
150 dollars of t-1, 1241.76 yuan of t are scaled according to corresponding time dollar and the mid-point-rate of RMB-1(2000),
1228.75 member t-1(2005), 1015.50 yuan of t-1(2010), 934.05 yuan of t-1(2015).It is surveyed through experiment
Fixed, muskeg biomass is followed successively by paddy field (4.11kgm-2), freshwater marsh (3.73kgm-2), Spartina alterniflora
(3.11kg·m-2) and extra large scirpus scirpus (0.49kgm-2), pedological unit area carbon density is followed successively by freshwater marsh
(4.19kg·m-2), extra large scirpus scirpus (3.42kgm-2), Spartina alterniflora (3.06kgm-2), paddy field (3.06kgm-2)
With Muddy Bottoms seabeach (3.03kgm-2).The carbon sequestration value and total value (being shown in Table 7) of annual each Wetland Type are calculated accordingly.
Muskeg discharges oxygen by photosynthesis, has improvement result, discharge methane, nitrous oxide etc. to weather
Greenhouse gases have negative effect to weather.Gas regulating function value is that the sum of Plant emission oxygen value subtracts greenhouse gases
The value of discharge.The function value that wetlands ecosystems air is adjusted is calculated using Afforestation cost method, Market valuation method etc..According to
Photosynthesis reaction equation, plant, which often produces 1g dry matters, can discharge the oxygen of 1.19g.It studies area's main greenhouse gas and discharges plant
For extra large scirpus scirpus, Spartina alterniflora, reed and rice, greenhouse gas methane emission flux is respectively 0.096,1.085,
0.582,1.000mgm-2·h-1, emission of nitrogen oxide flux is respectively 0.005,0.005,0.015,0.010mgm-2·
h-1.Costing bio disturbance uses the bulk storage value of the methane and nitrous oxide that PEARCE et al. proposes in OECD, and (methane is 0.11 U.S.
First kg-1, nitrous oxide is 2.94 dollars of kg-1).The oxygen that oxygen price is announced using official website of the domestic Ministry of Public Health
1000 yuan of t of average price-1.The air regulated value and total value (being shown in Table 7) of annual each Wetland Type are calculated accordingly.
Table 7 studies area's carbon sequestration value and air adjusts value
Process in accordance with the present invention (4) calculates Hangzhou-Bay Wetland and supports value of services：
Hangzhou-Bay Wetland grows Spartina alterniflora and Hai scirpus scirpus, has significant shadow to dynamical sedimentation effect
It rings, when wave between salt marss from when passing through, the rubbing action of plant makes the portion of energy of wave consume, and alleviates flow to soil
Earth washes away, the part fine sediment sedimentation for making water body carry.A large amount of silts that the Qiantang River carries are accumulated here, are constantly become silted up
Product.By analyzing the remote sensing image for studying area, obtains each issue of land and increase area, obtain corresponding time increase face accordingly
Product.According to the right to use the land transfer price in Cixi City Bureau of Land and Resources official website inquiry local corresponding time, created land with silt is calculated
It is worth (being shown in Table 8).
Table 8 studies area's created land with silt value
Wetland possesses very abundant animals and plants type, is inhabited for it, multiplies and provide base.Hangzhou-Bay Wetland is given birth to
Object is resourceful, studies 281 kinds of 86 section of higher plant in area, 192 kinds of phytoplankton, 121 kinds of zoobenthos, the category of fish 64 78
Kind, 220 kinds of birds, the birds for being included in wild animals of national priority protection register have 19 kinds.Using bio-diversity conservation unit
2 000 yuan of hm of average value of value-2, calculate research area's bio-diversity conservation value be successively 0.53 hundred million yuan (2000),
0.62 hundred million yuan (2005), 0.84 hundred million yuan (2010) and 0.93 hundred million yuan (2015).
It includes 2 factors that wetland, which keeps land value,：First, the reduction of marsh area soil erosion is worth (Ve), second is that reducing soil
Value (the V that fertility is lost inf).A part of nutriment of wetland can be combined together with deposit, as deposit sinks simultaneously
Drop, many aquatic vascular plants speeds of growth quickly, can largely absorb the nutrients such as the N P and K in soil, then pass through
It is stored after biochemical reaction conversion.Choose the soluble easily in water or easy N P and K etc. detached under external force with soil
Nutrient is calculated, and the holding land value of wetlands ecosystems is calculated using assessment methods of shallow price.In Chinese non-forest land soil
Equal erosion modulus are 200m3hm-2·a-1) modulus of the soil erosion is reduced as vegetation, then the soil of different Wetland Types is protected
The area of the amount of holding=reduction soil erosion modulus × each Wetland Type.Whole nation arable land average thickness is 0.6m, according to statistical yearbook
It calculates the ground unit soil grain to be averaged output income, calculates the value to obtain equal research area's reduction of marsh area soil erosion.Assuming that invading
N-p-k element in erosion soil is only derived from the chemical fertilizer of people's application, and nitrogen content is 46.67% wherein in urea, phosphoric acid
Phosphorus mass fraction is 15.01% in hydrogen diammonium, and potassium mass fraction is 52.45% in potassium chloride.According to China statistical, office is inquired
To current year fertilizer price, the value (being shown in Table 9) of reduction of marsh area soil fertility loss is calculated.
Table 9 studies area and keeps land value
According to the calculating Cultural Services value assessment method of step of the present invention (5), the culture of Hangzhou-Bay Wetland is obtained
Value of services.
Wetland beautiful scenery, landscape is unique, with fresh air, has certain aesthstic ornamental value, is people's tourism, stops
Not busy, mastery best place.Hangzhou Wan National Urban Wetland Park in Zhejiang in research area is located in the metropolis such as Shanghai, Hangzhou, Ningbo, Suzhou
Geometric center, the range of driving between Pudong, Shanghai, four big international airport of Hongqiao in Shanghai, Hangzhou Xiaoshan and Ningbo is on the left sides 1.5h
The right side provides the amusement and travel place shown unique characteristics for nearby residents and various regions tourist, and tourism and leisure value uses travelling expense
Usage calculate the tourism and leisure value of wetlands ecosystems.Total value of travelling is by directly income, cost of trip and the trip of travelling
Swim time value three parts composition.Tourism directly income includes that admission ticket, hotel income, Souvenirs income and parking fee are taken in,
By《Ningbo City's statistical yearbook》Inquiry obtains.Cost of trip includes transport cost and costs for accommodation and dining access, according to《Ningbo City counts year
Mirror》Current year travel person-time and average cost of trip are searched, total cost of trip is calculated.Travel time is worth (work per hour
Money standard × total hourage × 40% of travelling), according to when annual day income total travel time value be calculated (be shown in Table
10)。
Table 10 studies area's tourism and leisure value
The scientific research value of wetlands ecosystems includes mainly relevant basic scientific research, teaching practice, culture and propaganda action, shadow
Depending on values such as publicity.According to factual survey, value of the present invention only calculates the scientific research cost value of Hangzhou-Bay Wetland, knows in China
Internet retrieval theme contains the article of " Wetland of Hangzhou Bay ", is with " hangzhoubay wetland " on Sciencedirect
Keyword is retrieved, and the relevant Quantity of Papers delivered for the year is obtained.It is investigated according to its Xiang of king, the input of every article
Funds take 35.76 × 104It is ■ first-1, Chinese R & D item cycle is generally 3a, and it is 11.92 ten thousand to obtain paper input cost
It is ■ first-1.Calculate scientific research and education value such as table 11.
11 Hangzhou-Bay Wetland of table studies area's scientific research and education value
Process in accordance with the present invention (6) calculates seashore wetland ecosystems services total value：
The Ecosystem Service Value of 2005,2010 and 2015 years current calculation of price is converted into base period fixed price in 2000
The value of calculating when to make the value of different times be compared, can reject the influence of price change, reflect practical become
It is dynamic.As shown in table 12：Hangzhou-Bay Wetland ecosystems services total value is respectively within 2000,2005,2010 and 2015 years
413.01,261.25,259.5 and 224.3 hundred million yuan；Unit area Ecosystem Service Value is respectively 44.45,24.27,22.5, and
18.19 ten thousand yuan of hm-2。
Table 12 2000, Hangzhou-Bay Wetland Ecosystem Service Value in 2005,2010,2015 compare
Sum up Hangzhou-Bay Wetland value of ecosystem service Long-term change trend：
Between 2000-2015, the holding of Hangzhou-Bay Wetland Ecosystem Services Value continuously decreases trend.Hangzhoupro
State gulf seashore wetland is ordered as from high to low by the value proportion of service type：Adjust service > support service > supply service and
Cultural Services adjust service proportion maximum, account for 50% or more of total value of services, support service proportion secondly,
17% or more of total value of services is accounted for, Cultural Services value increases year by year, is more than supply value of services in 2010.Hangzhoupro in 2015
The water quality purification function of Maximum Value in the seashore wetland Ecosystem Service of state gulf, accounts for the 21.15% of total value, climate regulation work(
Energy the 2nd, accounts for the 20.82% of total value, third is to maintain soil function, accounts for the 17.31% of total value, this 3 class function value accounts for
The 59.28% of total value.Other 3 forward price value ratios are similar to 2015, this 3 class function value accounts for total value respectively
74.89% (2000), 69.63% (2005), 71.19% (2010).Therefore, purification of water quality, climate regulation, holding soil
Earth is the Core Feature of Hangzhou-Bay Wetland.
Water supply value ratio is higher in supply service, is 2~5 times of substance productive value.Substance productive value held stationary,
The value that supplies water declines year by year, and substance production proportion increases year by year.It adjusts in service, purification of water quality, climate regulation and water source
Self-restraint proportion is higher, accounts for and adjusts 80% or more of value of services.Support service and Cultural Services respectively with keep soil and
Based on tourism and leisure.
Between 2000-2015, supply service, adjusting service and support Ecosystem Service Value keep downward trend, culture
Service keeps growth trend.
1. supply service.Between 2000-2015, supply Ecosystem Service Value accounts for the ratio of total value by under 7.21%
4.13% is dropped to, value declines 20.53 hundred million yuan, has dropped 68.91%；Wherein 2000-2005 falls are maximum, are
More than 2 times of 2010-2015 falls；Wherein substance productive value is declined in 2000-2010,2010-2015
Year is slightly increased；The value that supplies water reduces always in 2000-2015, and change rate is reduced to 29.61% from 47.34%.
2. adjusting service.It adjusts Ecosystem Service Value to taper off trend in 2000-2010, total value is by 323.81 hundred million
Member is reduced to 156.69 hundred million yuan, reduces 51.6%, is mainly reflected in air adjusting, carbon sequestration, climate regulation value reduction, reduces
Ratio is 65% or more.Created land with silt value reduction ratio is minimum, and less than 10%, water conservation value increases.
3. supporting service.Ecosystem Service Value is supported to increased in 2005-2010, other stages reduce, mainly
It is embodied in the variation for keeping land value.2000-2015 total values reduce by 50.56 hundred million yuan, reduce 56.55%.
4. Cultural Services.Cultural Services function is different from other 3 class function services, and value is rapid in 2000-2015
Increase, increases to 19.34 hundred million yuan of 2015 by 1.85 hundred million yuan in 2000, change rate reaches 945.03%.Cultural Services by
Tourism and leisure and scientific research and education function are constituted, wherein tourism and leisure function value continuous rise, this is improved with people's living standard,
The local tour sight spot tourist earnings increases closely bound up.
13 Hangzhou-Bay Wetland of table studies area's Ecosystem Service Value variable quantity and change rate
State only is the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for those skilled in the art,
Various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications also should be regarded as this
The protection domain of invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of seashore wetland Estimation for value of ecosystem services method, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
(1) seashore wetland ecosystem service function assessment indicator system is built；
(2) supply value of services is calculated；
(3) it calculates and adjusts value of services；
(4) it calculates and supports value of services；
(5) Cultural Services value is calculated；
(6) seashore wetland ecosystems services total value is calculated.
2. seashore wetland Estimation for value of ecosystem services method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Strand is wet
Ground ecosystem service function is divided into supply service, adjusts service, supports service, four big service type of Cultural Services, and by four
Big service type is finely divided.
3. seashore wetland Estimation for value of ecosystem services method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：According to strand
Ecotype, value of ecosystem service attribute source and the wetland present status of land utilization of wetlands ecosystems, establish ecosystem
The attaching relation of system service and land use pattern establishes seashore wetland ecosystem clothes for research area's socioeconomic status
Business function assessment index system carries out monetary value analysis to wetlands ecosystems indices.
4. seashore wetland Estimation for value of ecosystem services method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Seashore wetland
Supply service include substance production and water supply,
Wetlands ecosystems substance productive value is evaluated using Market valuation method, computational methods are：
V1=∑ Qi×Pi
In formula：V1For substance productive value, QiFor the total output of the i-th substance, PiFor the market unit price of respective substance；I=
1,2,3 ... n, n are provided the type of substance by the ecosystem.
The water supply value of wetlands ecosystems is evaluated using Market valuation method, computational methods are：
V2=C1×P1+C2×P2+C3×P3
V in formula2To supply Water Resources Value, C1, C2, C3Be respectively wetland provide live, industry, industrial water amount；P1, P2, P3
Mutually to apply the unit price of water.
5. seashore wetland Estimation for value of ecosystem services method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Seashore wetland
Adjusting service include purification of water quality, water conservation, regulate the climate, carbon sequestration, air adjusting and created land with silt,
The cost of use method of substitution evaluates wetlands ecosystems purification of water quality value, and computational methods are：
V3=∑ Qj×Pj
In formula：V3It is worth for purification of water quality, QjFor the discharge capacity of jth kind pollutant, PjFor corresponding pollutant processed in units at
This；J=1,2,3 ... n, n are the quantity of pollutant in the ecosystem.
The water conservation value of wetlands ecosystems is evaluated using shadow project approach, computational methods are：
V4=V × P
In formula：V4It is worth for water conservation, V is that wetland stores gross amount of water resources；P is to build reservoir unit price cost；
The value of regulating the climate of wetlands ecosystems is evaluated, computational methods are：
V5=Δ T × Pt+ΔM×Pm
In formula：V5It is worth for climate regulation, △ T wetlands cooling extents (degree), △ M are wetland humidification amplitude, Pt1 DEG C of needs of cooling
Expense, PmIt is the unit costs of humidification；
The carbon sequestration value of wetlands ecosystems is evaluated using carbon tax method, computational methods are：
V6=(Qveg+Qsoil)×PC
In formula：V6It is worth for carbon sequestration, QvegFor muskeg carbon capacity, QsoilIt is wetland soil carbon capacity, PCIt is international carbon tax mark
Accurate average value；
The function value that wetlands ecosystems air is adjusted is calculated using Afforestation cost method, Market valuation method, computational methods are：
V7=QO2×PO2-QCH4×PCH4
In formula：V7It adjusts and is worth for air, QO2For wetland oxygen release amount, QCH4For wetland emission greenhouse gas flow, PO2And PCH4Respectively
It is phase dutiable value；
Using Market valuation method, seashore wetland created land with silt value is calculated, computational methods are：
V8=S × P
In formula：V8It is worth for created land with silt, S is that wetland increases area, and P is Local Units national territorial area.
6. seashore wetland Estimation for value of ecosystem services method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Seashore wetland
Support service include bio-diversity and holding soil,
Using the average value of bio-diversity conservation unit value, research area's bio-diversity conservation value, computational methods are calculated
For：
V9=S × I
In formula：V9For Biodiversity Value, S is Wetland Area, and I is bio-diversity unit value；
The holding land value of wetlands ecosystems is calculated using assessment methods of shallow price, computational methods are：
V10=(Ax×B)/H+∑(Ai×Ny×Py)/Ry
In formula：V10To keep land value, AxFor the quantity of soil conservation of different Wetland Types, x=1,2,3 ... n, n are ecosystem
Wetland is similar to quantity in system, and B is that unit soil grain is averaged output income, and H is whole nation arable land average thickness, NyIt is different wetlands
The content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter, P in soil typesyFor fertilizer price, RyFor containing for nitrogen in chemical fertilizer, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter
Amount, y=1,2,3,4, the soil nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter are indicated respectively.
7. seashore wetland Estimation for value of ecosystem services method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Seashore wetland
Cultural Services include tourism and leisure and scientific research and education,
Tourism and leisure value is calculated using travel cost method, and computational methods are：
V11=F1+F2+F3
In formula：V11For total value of travelling, F1It is directly taken in travel, F2For cost of trip, F3It is worth for travel time；
The scientific research value of wetlands ecosystems is evaluated, computational methods are：
V12=M × Pk
In formula：V12For scientific research and education value, M is that current year delivers and the relevant Quantity of Papers of wetland, PkFor the throwing of every paper
Enter cost.
8. seashore wetland Estimation for value of ecosystem services method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：According to step
(2) different year strand is calculated with current year's prices for the computational methods of seashore wetland items Ecosystem Service Value to (5)
Wetlands ecosystems service total value.
9. seashore wetland Estimation for value of ecosystem services method according to claim 8, it is characterised in that：With wherein certain
One time as the base period, by the Ecosystem Service Value in other times carry out it is flat subtract processing, be converted into terms of base period fixed price
The value of calculation makes the value of different times be compared, and rejects the influence of price change, obtains the actual change of value of services.
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| CN109544021A (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2019-03-29 | 北京市水科学技术研究院 | A kind of regional water Ecosystem Service Value integrated evaluating method |
| CN110210715A (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2019-09-06 | 深圳中大环保科技创新工程中心有限公司 | The assets value of nature reserve area determines method and Related product |
| CN110222932A (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2019-09-10 | 深圳中大环保科技创新工程中心有限公司 | Based on wetland resource quality-price model Valuation Method and device |
| CN110223099A (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2019-09-10 | 深圳中大环保科技创新工程中心有限公司 | Wetland resource asset accounting method, apparatus, computer equipment and storage medium |
| CN111191953A (en) * | 2020-01-06 | 2020-05-22 | 上海应用技术大学 | Ecological assessment method for intertidal zone artificial coastal wetland park |
| CN111242474A (en) * | 2020-01-09 | 2020-06-05 | 湖北大学 | Rice field ecosystem service function evaluation method |
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| CN111612306A (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2020-09-01 | 北京师范大学 | Grassland ecosystem service value evaluation method |
| CN112734215A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-04-30 | 重庆英卡电子有限公司 | Comprehensive evaluation system and method for forest and grass ecological value |
| CN112819280A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-18 | 重庆英卡电子有限公司 | Forest ecological system ecological value evaluation system and evaluation method |
| CN113222424A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-08-06 | 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所 | Method for evaluating service value of aquaculture ecosystem |
| CN113506043A (en) * | 2021-08-06 | 2021-10-15 | 中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所 | Evaluation method for proper recovery range and grade division of riverside wetland |
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| CN114611866A (en) * | 2022-01-23 | 2022-06-10 | 杭州领见数字农业科技有限公司 | Visualization presentation method and device for total production value of plot ecosystem |
| CN114943404A (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2022-08-26 | 北京师范大学 | Wetland water shortage ecological risk assessment method based on ecosystem service balance |
| CN115689395A (en) * | 2022-12-29 | 2023-02-03 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Ecological system adjustment service value accounting method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109544021A (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2019-03-29 | 北京市水科学技术研究院 | A kind of regional water Ecosystem Service Value integrated evaluating method |
| CN111353666A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2020-06-30 | 北京航天泰坦科技股份有限公司 | Ecological risk early warning method based on field environment monitoring station |
| CN110210715A (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2019-09-06 | 深圳中大环保科技创新工程中心有限公司 | The assets value of nature reserve area determines method and Related product |
| CN110222932A (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2019-09-10 | 深圳中大环保科技创新工程中心有限公司 | Based on wetland resource quality-price model Valuation Method and device |
| CN110223099A (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2019-09-10 | 深圳中大环保科技创新工程中心有限公司 | Wetland resource asset accounting method, apparatus, computer equipment and storage medium |
| CN111191953A (en) * | 2020-01-06 | 2020-05-22 | 上海应用技术大学 | Ecological assessment method for intertidal zone artificial coastal wetland park |
| CN111242474A (en) * | 2020-01-09 | 2020-06-05 | 湖北大学 | Rice field ecosystem service function evaluation method |
| CN111612306A (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2020-09-01 | 北京师范大学 | Grassland ecosystem service value evaluation method |
| CN112734215A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-04-30 | 重庆英卡电子有限公司 | Comprehensive evaluation system and method for forest and grass ecological value |
| CN112819280A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-18 | 重庆英卡电子有限公司 | Forest ecological system ecological value evaluation system and evaluation method |
| CN113222424A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-08-06 | 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所 | Method for evaluating service value of aquaculture ecosystem |
| CN113506043A (en) * | 2021-08-06 | 2021-10-15 | 中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所 | Evaluation method for proper recovery range and grade division of riverside wetland |
| CN114037351A (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-02-11 | 西华大学 | Ecosystem service value evaluation model, establishing method and application |
| CN114611866A (en) * | 2022-01-23 | 2022-06-10 | 杭州领见数字农业科技有限公司 | Visualization presentation method and device for total production value of plot ecosystem |
| CN114943404A (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2022-08-26 | 北京师范大学 | Wetland water shortage ecological risk assessment method based on ecosystem service balance |
| CN115689395A (en) * | 2022-12-29 | 2023-02-03 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Ecological system adjustment service value accounting method |
| CN115689395B (en) * | 2022-12-29 | 2023-09-05 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Ecological system regulation service value accounting method |
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