CN111612306A - Grassland ecosystem service value evaluation method - Google Patents

Grassland ecosystem service value evaluation method Download PDF

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CN111612306A
CN111612306A CN202010324954.3A CN202010324954A CN111612306A CN 111612306 A CN111612306 A CN 111612306A CN 202010324954 A CN202010324954 A CN 202010324954A CN 111612306 A CN111612306 A CN 111612306A
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刘耕源
杨青
杨志峰
张妍
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for evaluating the service value of a grassland ecosystem, which comprises the following steps: clearing the difference of the high-coverage, medium-coverage and low-coverage grassland ecosystems; establishing a grassland ecological service classification system according to the grassland type and the service function type of the grassland type, and drawing an energy flow graph; calculating the direct value, indirect value and existing value of the grassland ecosystem by using an energy value analysis method; calculating a grassland classification management index; and carrying out partition management based on the grassland classification management index. The grassland ecosystem service value evaluation framework and methodology are constructed based on energy analysis, the grassland ecosystem service value evaluation method has the characteristics of high evaluation accuracy and reasonability, and the grassland ecosystem service value obtained through calculation can provide a certain scientific basis for the protection and management of grasslands and the establishment and perfection of an ecological compensation mechanism.

Description

Grassland ecosystem service value evaluation method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of evaluation of ecosystem service value, in particular to a grassland ecosystem service value evaluation method based on energy value analysis.
Background
Ecosystem services are "various benefits that humans obtain from an ecosystem" or "direct or indirect contributions of an ecosystem to human well-being and benefits". Ecosystem service has important influence on human development and natural resource utilization, and has important significance for summarizing and classifying ecosystem service values, understanding the role of ecosystem values in human social economic development, reasonably utilizing natural resources and protecting ecosystem. The ecological system service value evaluation is based on basic data, ecological principle, economics and sociology methods to quantitatively evaluate the ecological system service, and has the advantages of adding and visually reflecting the ecological system service value.
The grassland resource is the ecosystem type with the largest area on the land of China, and the total area reaches 3.9 × 108hm2The grassland area accounts for 13 percent of the world grassland area and accounts for 41.7 percent of the national territory area. The grassland ecosystem is unique, the carbon cycle is the most complex, the type of ecosystem most affected by human beings, especially in areas where the animal husbandry is the main source of life, the development and utilization of the service value of the grassland ecosystem are not only related to the local ecological balance, but also closely related to the livelihood of local people. The domestic research on the evaluation of the service value of the ecosystem is slightly later than that of foreign countries, and domestic scholars complete a batch of research with higher academic level by combining the national conditions of China on the basis of referring to foreign research results. The service functions of the grassland ecosystem are divided into four categories, namely product provision, regulation, culture and support, by the Zhaojune and the European aspiration cloud, and a grassland ecosystem service function evaluation index system consisting of 13 functional indexes is constructed on the basis of the analysis of the service function mechanism.
The service value of the grassland ecosystem is more and more accepted by human beings, but due to the complexity of the grassland ecosystem in the aspects of structure, function, ecological process and the like and the limitation of the existing value evaluation method, certain obstacles are brought to the promotion of the grassland ecosystem protection work. At present, many challenges still exist in grassland ecosystem service value accounting, such as uncertainty of grassland ecosystem service classification and formation mechanism, repeatability of grassland ecosystem service value accounting and addition, and the like. Therefore, the difference and complexity of the grassland ecosystem are clearly distinguished, the classification and formation mechanism of the grassland ecosystem service is cleared, and the calculation method and the addition principle of the grassland ecosystem service value based on ecological thermodynamics are constructed, so that the grassland ecosystem protection and management is not only required, but also the inevitable trend of human civilization development.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a method for calculating the service value of the grassland ecosystem more scientifically and reasonably, and provides a certain scientific basis for the difference protection and management of the grassland ecosystem and the establishment and the perfection of an ecological compensation mechanism.
A method for evaluating the service value of a grassland ecosystem comprises the following steps: clearing the difference of the high-coverage, medium-coverage and low-coverage grassland ecosystems; establishing a grassland ecological service classification system according to the grassland type and the service function type of the grassland type, and drawing an energy flow graph; calculating the direct value, indirect value and existing value of the grassland ecosystem by using an energy value analysis method; calculating a grassland classification management index; and carrying out partition management based on the grassland classification management index.
Further, the direct value comprises increasing biomass, fixing carbon and releasing oxygen, constructing soil and supplying underground water, the indirect value comprises purifying atmosphere, fixing soil and adjusting local temperature and humidity, and the existing value comprises adjusting climate and travelling and leisure.
Furthermore, the biomass increase, namely the energy value corresponding to the net primary productivity service, is characterized by the sum of three primary energy sources of local solar energy, tidal energy and geothermal energy and the sum of the maximum value of wind energy, wave energy, rainwater chemical energy, runoff potential energy and runoff chemical energy.
Further, the energy value of the carbon sequestration service of the grassland ecosystem is
Figure BDA0002462006930000031
Further, the energy value for the grassland ecosystem for constructing soil services is the sum of the energy value for constructing soil organic matter and the energy value for constructing soil minerals.
Further, the energy value corresponding to groundwater recharge of the grassland ecosystem is EmGR＝Pi×Si×ρ×ki×1000×UEVGR。
Furthermore, the energy value of the atmosphere pollutant purifying service of the grassland ecosystem is the sum of the energy value of the reduction of the health loss of the crowd after purifying the atmosphere pollutant and the energy value of the reduction of the loss of the ecosystem after purifying the atmosphere pollutant.
Furthermore, the grassland ecosystem holds the energy value corresponding to the soil as
Figure BDA0002462006930000032
Furthermore, the temperature and humidity of the regulation local area of the grassland ecosystem are evaluated through the energy absorbed in the grassland evapotranspiration process, and the energy value required by the evapotranspiration is EmMR＝ETi×Si×UEVET。
The ecological thermodynamic accounting method for the grassland ecosystem service value, provided by the invention, provides a new research thought for the grassland ecosystem service accounting which is currently in a research hotspot; the method comprises the steps of clearing up the difference of high-coverage, medium-coverage and ground-coverage ecosystems, classifying the service value of the grassland ecosystem according to the stock flow change of the ecosystem and the additional influence brought by the ecological process, constructing a grassland ecosystem service value evaluation framework and methodology based on energy analysis, and having the characteristics of strong evaluation objectivity, avoidance of additive repeated calculation and easiness in conversion with value quantity, wherein the calculated grassland ecosystem service value can provide a certain scientific basis for the protection and management of grasslands and establishment and perfection of an ecological compensation mechanism.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for evaluating the service value of a grassland ecosystem;
fig. 2 is a mass energy flow diagram (energy flow diagram) of a grassland ecosystem.
FIG. 3 is a national 2015 grassland classification management partition map.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and are not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.
Example 1
A method for evaluating the service value of a grassland ecosystem is disclosed, the specific flow is shown in figure 1, and the method mainly comprises the following steps:
1. the differences and complexity of different types of grassland ecosystems are obtained through literature research, and the differences of high-coverage, medium-coverage and low-coverage grassland ecosystems are clarified. The types of grassland ecosystem and their characteristics are shown in table 1.
Figure BDA0002462006930000051
TABLE 1
2. Establishing a grassland ecological service classification system according to the grassland type and the type of the service function of the grassland type, and drawing an energy flow diagram, wherein as shown in fig. 2, fig. 2 schematically shows the process of the material energy flow of the grassland ecological system. Energy flow diagrams from left to right, renewable resources such as solar energy, rain, etc. drive photosynthesis, resulting in Net Primary Productivity (NPP). In the process, carbon in the air is fixed into the vegetation. Dead branches and fallen leaves from vegetation and other components are the main source of soil organic matter in the natural state, while minerals form into the soil under the long-term weathering of parent rock. Soil organic matter and minerals are sources of construction soil. The grassy ecosystem has the service of retaining soil because soil is retained due to its coverage. Grassland ecosystems can also purify atmospheric, water and soil pollutants through a variety of physical, chemical and biological processes, which can reduce the harm of pollutants to human health and ecosystem quality. Energy flow patterns from top to bottom, precipitation is the source of surface and ground water, which can recharge groundwater by osmosis. Meanwhile, the water evaporation from precipitation and plant transpiration can achieve the effect of adjusting the temperature and the humidity of a local area through humidification and temperature reduction. From microscopic to macroscopic, the local grassland ecosystem plays a role in regulating climate, biodiversity, providing leisure entertainment and cultural educational information methods, and these services are placed to the right of the energy flow graph due to their high energy hierarchy (hierarchy).
3. And calculating the direct value, the indirect value and the existing value of the grassland ecosystem by using an energy value analysis method, wherein the direct value, the indirect value and the existing value respectively correspond to the direct service, the indirect service and the existing service in the energy flow graph.
The method has the advantages of being directly related to the storage flow of the ecological system, and comprising biomass increase, carbon fixation and oxygen release, soil construction and groundwater replenishment.
Increasing biomass
NPP refers to the energy remaining in the fixed energy of photosynthesis in plants after the energy is subtracted from the energy consumed by respiration in plants, and is used for growth and reproduction of plants. In the grassland ecosystem, plants convert solar energy and the like into chemical energy through the interaction of locally renewable resources with energy sources, and store in the biomass formed, while plants also need to release a part of the energy through respiration. The generation of NPP here is the result of the accumulation of all input resources and energy, EmNPP＝MAX(Ri) Wherein EmNPPIs the value of energy (sej/yr), MAX (R) corresponding to the net primary productivity servicei) Is the maximum value of the input i (sej/yr) of each renewable resource local to the grassland ecosystem, which is taken to solve the possible problem of recalculation, in the input of the area, only solar energy, tidal energy, geothermal energy are primary energy sources and cannot be replaced by each other, so the input of the solar energy, the tidal energy and the geothermal energy needs to be added. Other inputs include wind, wave, chemical energy from rain, runoff potential and chemical energy from runoff, which are not included in the global scale energy input because they are also converted from solar, tidal and geothermal energy on a global scale, but are not included on a local scaleMay play a significant role. But if the local secondary energy converted from the primary energy source (of course, these secondary energy sources may not be completely converted from the local primary energy source) is added locally, a recalculation problem may occur. Aiming at the problem, the embodiment takes the sum of the local three primary energy sources and the maximum value of other secondary energy sources to represent the energy value of the grassland ecosystem for increasing the biomass, namely the energy value
Figure BDA0002462006930000061
The specific calculation method of the energy value of each renewable resource is as follows:
solar energy (m) area2) Solar radiation energy (J/m)2) (1-reflectance) carnot efficiency (%) energy conversion (sej/J).
Geothermal energy is equal to land area (m)2) Heat flux (J/(m)2Yr)) karo efficiency (%). energy conversion (sej/J).
Tidal energy is the continental shelf area (m)2) Absorption (%). times of year tide (counts/yr) ("average tide range (m)]2Sea water density (kg/m)3) Acceleration of gravity (m/s)2) Energy conversion rate (sej/J).
Wind energy equal to 0.5 × { land area (m)2) Air density (kg/m)3) Land wind stress drag coefficient (3.154E +07) (s/yr) ("annual average wind speed 3.16 (m/s))]3+ ocean area (m)2) Air density (kg/m)3) Ocean wind stress drag coefficient (3.154E +07) (s/yr) [ (annual average wind speed 1.58 (m/s))]3Energy conversion (sej/J), wherein the land wind stress drag coefficient is 1.64E-03, and the sea wind stress drag coefficient is 1.26E-03.
Chemical energy of rain water [ land area (m) ]2) Precipitation (m) transpiration coefficient (%) rainwater density (kg/m)3) Gibbs free energy of rainwater (J/kg) + continental shelf area (sej/yr) · precipitation (m) · rainwater density (kg/m) ·3) Gibbs free energy of rain (J/kg)]Energy conversion (sej/J).
Runoff potential energy (sej/yr) land area (m) precipitation amount (m) runoff coefficient (kg/m) rainwater density (kg/m)3) Acceleration of gravity (m/s)2) Average altitude (m) energy conversion (sej/J).
Runoff chemical energy (m) equal to land area2) Precipitation (m) runoff coefficient (%) rainwater density (kg/m)3) Gibbs free energy (J/kg) energy conversion (sej/J) of river water.
Wave energy 1/8 coastline length (m) wave density (kg/m)3) Acceleration of gravity (m/s)2) ' sea wave height (m)]2Wave velocity (m/s) (3.15E +07) (s/yr) energy conversion (sej/J).
The carbon fixing and oxygen releasing functions comprise two parts of carbon fixing and oxygen releasing, wherein carbon fixing refers to biological carbon fixing, namely carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is converted into carbohydrate and fixed in the plant body or soil. Oxygen release refers to photosynthesis in carbon sequestration, the function of releasing oxygen during the conversion of carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbohydrates. The vegetation fixes carbon in the atmosphere in the body through photosynthesis to form primary productivity, vegetation carbon fixation is formed, and meanwhile the carbon enters soil in the form of root systems and vegetation litters to form soil carbon fixation. Therefore, the energy input process of the carbon-fixing oxygen release service is overlapped with the NPP service, and the carbon-fixing oxygen release service cannot be simply overlapped. Meanwhile, the carbon fixation and oxygen release are two parts, but the energy input is consistent, so only one of the two parts needs to be calculated.
The energy value calculation formula of the carbon sequestration service of the grassland ecosystem is
Figure BDA0002462006930000081
Figure BDA0002462006930000082
Wherein, CiThe carbon content per unit area (gC/m) of the i-th grass land ecosystem2/yr)，TiIs the average turnover time (yr), S of the carbon pool of the i-th grassland ecosystemiIs the i-th grassland ecosystem area (m)2)，UEVcsiIs the energy conversion rate (sej/g) of carbon fixation of the ith grass ecosystem, EmNPPiIs the energy value of the i-th grassy ecosystem NPP (sej/yr), NPPiIs the primary of the ith grassland ecosystemNet productivity (gC/m)2/yr)。
Thirdly, the soil construction of the ecological system is divided into soil organic matter construction and soil mineral matter construction
Constructing soil organic matters: plants increase grassland ecosystem biomass through photosynthesis, vegetation litters (a portion of the biomass) enter the soil becoming a source of soil organic matter, and this service can be measured by soil organic matter. The vegetation litter is newly formed vegetation litter every year, the turnover time is one year, therefore, the energy value for constructing soil organic matter of the grassland ecosystem is calculated by redistributing local renewable resources every year, and the calculation formula is EmOM＝EmNPPi*k1i*k2Wherein EmNPPiIs the energy value (sej/yr), k, corresponding to the renewable resource of the ith grassland ecosystem1iIs the proportion (g/g, percent) of vegetation litter in the ith ecosystem in the biomass, k2Is the carbon content (g/g,%) in the vegetation litter.
Constructing soil minerals: for soil minerals, the energy value calculation formula for constructing the soil minerals of the grassland ecosystem is as follows
Figure BDA0002462006930000083
Wherein, PmiThe percentage of the i-th mineral substance in the soil is (%) BDjThe unit weight (g/cm) of the soil of the jth ecological system3)，DjThe soil thickness (cm), S, of the j-th ecosystemjIs the area (m) of the j-th ecosystem2) R is the percentage (%) of the total soil weight of the soil minerals; 10000 is m2To cm2Transformation coefficient of (1), TiTurnover time (yr) of ith mineral, UEVmiThe energy conversion rate of the i-th mineral is sej/g.
The organic and mineral sources of the soil differ, so the energy value Em for the grassland ecosystem to build a soil serviceSB＝EmOM+EmMin。
And fourthly, supplying the underground water refers to a hydrological process of surface water entering the underground water. Atmospheric precipitation is considered to supply groundwater, so the precipitation infiltration coefficient is used for accounting and supplying groundwater service. The precipitation infiltration coefficient refers to the ratio of the amount of underground water supplied by precipitation infiltration to the amount of precipitation. The factors influencing the infiltration coefficient of rainfall are more, and are detailed in the following table 2.
Figure BDA0002462006930000091
TABLE 2
As can be seen from table 2, vegetation coverage is beneficial for the groundwater recharge from precipitation. The calculation formula of the corresponding energy value of the grassland ecosystem for replenishing the groundwater is EmGR＝Pi×Si×ρ×ki×1000×UEVGRWherein P isiIs the annual average precipitation (m/yr), S of the grassland ecosystem iiArea (m) of grassland ecosystem i2) Rho is the density of water (kg/m)3)，kiCoefficient of rainfall infiltration replenishment for grassland ecosystem i, coefficient of conversion of kg to g, UEVGRThe conversion rate of energy value (sej/g) for replenishing groundwater for infiltration of precipitation is used here because groundwater is replenished with precipitation and therefore the conversion rate of energy value for rainwater is used here.
And the indirect value generated by additional influence brought by the change of the flow of the inventory comprises purifying the atmosphere, fixing the soil and adjusting the temperature and the humidity of the local area.
Purifying the atmosphere
Considering ecosystem to SO2、NOxPM10, PM2.5 and the like, and reduces the loss of human health and ecological resources. Because the purification capacity of a certain type of ecological system in unit area to certain atmospheric pollutants is fixed, when the concentration of the atmospheric pollutants is less than a threshold value, the ecological system can completely purify the part of pollutants, and the loss of human health and ecological resources is not caused; when the concentration of the atmospheric pollutants exceeds the purification capacity, the ecological system can still only purify fixed pollutants, and the excess part still causes loss to human health and ecological resources, which is the purification function that the ecological system can not provide. The ecological system's capacity to purify certain atmospheric pollutants is therefore used to measure this lossAmount of the compound (A). The pollutants may reduce adverse effects on natural and human assets, such as due to the purification function of the ecosystem. In this embodiment, the damage to the human body and the ecosystem caused by the pollutants is evaluated according to an Eco-Indicator 99assessment method framework (Eco-Indicator 99assessment method), and the total energy input of the environmental impact in the accounting process can be preliminarily estimated.
Damage to human health, ecosystem quality is measured in terms of Disability adjusted Life forces (DALYs) and potential species extinction ratio (PDF), respectively DALYs estimates the total number of disabilities, illnesses or premature deaths due to a particular injury when it is 10 (people.years), indicating that a contaminant will cause 1 year of Disability (death or Disability, i.e., loss of working capacity) or 1 year of Disability in 10 people in the area of the year2× yr, PDF 10 (%) means that the contamination will cause 1% of the species in the area to be from 10m in the year2Or 10% of all species from 1m2The place of (a) disappears. Thus, DALYs and PDF were used to assess the amount of losses to human health and ecosystem due to contaminant decontamination, respectively. Meanwhile, because different pollutants have different damages to the health of people and the ecological system, the pollutants are purified, so that the damage to the health of people can be reduced, and the loss of the ecological system can also be reduced. The amount of loss is such that it can be summed as a total clean air service. This example primarily considers the grass ecosystem versus SO2Fluoride, NOx, CO, O3PM10 and PM2.5, etc.
Energy value of reduction amount of health loss of population after atmosphere pollution purification of grassland ecosystem
Figure BDA0002462006930000111
τH(I × EmR)/P, wherein MijAbility to decontaminate a grassland ecosystem j from the i-th atmospheric pollutants (kg/ha/yr); sjArea (m) of grassland ecosystem j2) (ii) a 0.0001 is the coefficient for converting m2 into ha; DALYiIs the i-th atmospheric pollutant in the framework of evaluation of Eco-indicator 99The influence factor of (1), namely every kg of the i < th > atmospheric pollutants causes the incapability life regulation year (man-year/kg) of people; tau isHA corresponding energy value (sej/person) for the total cost of per-area hygiene; i is the total cost (Yuan) of the region on the aspect of medical treatment and health; EmR is the region energy value currency ratio (sej/yuan); p is the number of the area permanent population (people).
After the grassland ecosystem purifies the atmospheric pollutants, the ecosystem loses the energy value of the reduction amount
Figure BDA0002462006930000112
Wherein M isijAbility to decontaminate a grassland ecosystem j from the i-th atmospheric pollutants (kg/ha/yr); PDFiRepresents the potential extinction ratio of the affected species of the ith atmospheric pollutant (PDF × m)2× yr) and 0.0001 m2Conversion factor to hectare ha, EmspjThe energy value required for representing the species in the study area where the grassland ecosystem j is located is calculated by the energy value corresponding to the renewable resource of the available area, namely MAX (R)j)(sej/yr)。
Therefore, the formula for calculating the energy value of the service for purifying the atmospheric pollutants by the grassland ecosystem is EmAP＝EmHH+EmEQ。
② the soil is fixed, the soil erosion is affected by precipitation, vegetation, terrain, soil and other factors, the calculation formula of the energy value corresponding to the fixed soil of the grassland ecosystem
Figure BDA0002462006930000121
Wherein G isiRepresents the amount of soil (t/ha/yr) retained by the grassland ecosystem i; siRepresents the area (ha) of the ith grassy ecosystem; r isomiSoil organic matter content (%) of grassland ecosystem i; 106A conversion factor of t to g (g/t); k is a radical ofr1A conversion coefficient of g to kcal (kcal/g); k is a radical ofr2A conversion coefficient of kcal to J (J/kcal); UEV (unified extensible eave)soilIs the energy value conversion rate of the soil (sej/J).
Regulating the temperature and the humidity of the local area, the vegetation is favorable for regulating the temperature of the local area through transpiration, and particularly, the leaves reduce solar radiation reaching the lower part of a vegetation canopy to cause the reduction of the surface temperature of the peripheral area. In addition, heat is absorbed as water evaporates from the vegetation pores, and this process also achieves cooling of the surrounding air. The absorbed energy in the evaporating and diffusing process of the ecological system is equal to the energy input in the cooling and humidifying process, so that the energy absorbed in the evaporating and diffusing process of the grasslands can be used for evaluating the cooling and humidifying benefits of the grasslands.
The energy value required for evapotranspiration is EmMR＝ETi×Si×UEVETWherein, ETiAnnual evapotranspiration (g/m) for grassland ecosystem i2/yr)；SiArea (m) of lawn ecology i2)；UEVETThe energy value conversion rate of rainwater is used here because the evapotranspiration is the evapotranspiration of rainwater (sej/g).
The existence value of local distribution based on human preference and global service, including climate regulation, tourism and leisure, and cultural and educational value.
① climate control according to the United nations framework convention for climate Change, climate change is mainly manifested by global warming, acid rain and ozone destruction, with global warming being the most urgent issue for humans2，CH4NOx and fluoride (HFC).
The energy value calculation formula required by the grassland ecosystem for reducing the health injury of the crowd due to the reduction of the greenhouse gas emission is as follows
Figure BDA0002462006930000131
The energy value calculation formula required by the grassland ecosystem for reducing the loss of the ecosystem due to reducing the emission of greenhouse gases is as follows
Figure BDA0002462006930000132
In the formula, CjIs the fixed amount (g/m) of the ith green house gas of the jth grassland ecosystem2/yr); 0.001 g converted to kg; DALYi is the life-regulating year of disability (human. year/kg) caused by the i-th greenhouse gas; t isiIs the life cycle (yr) of the i-th greenhouse gas; tau isHIs the total cost of hygiene in the per capita region (sej/cap); sjIs the grassland ecosystem area (ha) of the j-th class; PDFiIs the extinction ratio of potential species (% × m) caused by the i-th greenhouse gas2×yr/kg)；EmspjThe energy value required for representing the species in the study area where the grassland ecosystem j is located is calculated by the energy value corresponding to the renewable resource of the available area, namely MAX (R)j)(sej/yr)。
The corresponding energy value for the climate regulating service is EmCR＝Emcr1+Emcr2。
Secondly, the value of tourism and leisure is considered, the grassland can bring the values of tourism, leisure, entertainment and the like, and the value of the part is based on the preference of human beings and is accounted by using the currency value.
Energy value E corresponding to travel and leisure value of grassland ecosystemt＝ItS EmR, in the formula, ItTravel income (yuan km) brought by grassland ecosystem of unit area2) (ii) a S is the area (km) of the grassland ecosystem of the research area2) (ii) a EmR is the local energy currency ratio (sej/yuan).
The travel income brought by the grassland ecosystem per unit area can refer to the leisure and entertainment value 574 $. hm of the global grassland ecosystem in the research of Costanza and the like-2And the entertainment culture value of 4910.9 Yuan hm of the ecological system of the Chinese grassland researched in Xigao land and the like-24837.6 m.hm is the arithmetic mean of the two-2As a leisure travel value for a unit area of grassland.
The grassland ecosystem is the service sum of the grassland ecosystems in all regions, and the calculation formula is Emgi＝∑[MAX(EmNPP,EmCS,EmSB,EmGR,EmMR),EmAP,EmSR,EmCR]。
4. Calculating grassland classification management index
Grassland classification management index facing to partition management
Figure BDA0002462006930000141
Wherein MAX (R) represents an energy value (sej/m) corresponding to the renewable resource per unit area2Yr) to represent the load bearing capacity of the local grass; ESV serves the grassland ecosystem of case zone unit area (sej/m)2/yr). Because NPP, carbon fixation and oxygen release, soil construction, groundwater replenishment and evapotranspiration are driven by locally renewable resources, namely MAX (R), the ESV is the sum of the four types of ecosystem services except the five types of ecosystem services.
5. Partition management is performed based on the grassy classification management index, as shown in fig. 3.
It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a few embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by one of ordinary skill in the art and related arts based on the embodiments of the present invention without any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A method for evaluating the service value of a grassland ecosystem is characterized by comprising the following steps: clearing the difference of the high-coverage, medium-coverage and low-coverage grassland ecosystems; establishing a grassland ecological service classification system according to the grassland type and the service function type of the grassland type, and drawing an energy flow graph; calculating the direct value, indirect value and existing value of the grassland ecosystem by using an energy value analysis method; calculating a grassland classification management index; and carrying out partition management based on the grassland classification management index.
2. The grassland ecosystem service value assessment method according to claim 1, wherein the direct value comprises increasing biomass, fixing carbon and releasing oxygen, constructing soil, replenishing groundwater, the indirect value comprises purifying atmosphere, fixing soil, adjusting local temperature and humidity, and the existing value comprises adjusting climate, traveling and leisure.
3. The grassland ecosystem service value assessment method according to claim 2, wherein the energy value corresponding to the increase of biomass, i.e. the net primary productivity service, is characterized by the sum of the three primary energy sources of local solar energy, tidal energy and geothermal energy and the sum of the maximum value of wind energy, wave energy, rainwater chemical energy, runoff potential energy and runoff chemical energy.
4. The grass ecosystem service value assessment method of claim 2, wherein the energy value of the grass ecosystem carbon sequestration service is
Figure FDA0002462006920000011
5. The method of evaluating the value of a grassy ecosystem service of claim 2, wherein the values for the grassy ecosystem for building soil services are the sum of the values for building soil organic matter and the values for building soil minerals.
6. The grassland ecosystem service value evaluation method according to claim 2, wherein the grassland ecosystem recharge water corresponding energy value is EmGR＝Pi×Si×ρ×ki×1000×UEVGR。
7. The grassland ecosystem service value evaluation method according to claim 2, wherein the energy value of the grassland ecosystem service for purifying atmospheric pollutants is the sum of the energy value of the reduction of the health loss of the population after purifying the atmospheric pollutants and the energy value of the reduction of the loss of the ecosystem after purifying the atmospheric pollutants.
8. The grass ecosystem service value evaluation method of claim 2, wherein the grassland ecosystem holds the soil with a corresponding energy value of
Figure FDA0002462006920000021
9. According to the rightThe method for evaluating the service value of a grassland ecosystem, according to claim 2, characterized in that the temperature and humidity of the regulation local area of the grassland ecosystem are evaluated by the energy absorbed in the process of grassland evapotranspiration, and the energy required for the evapotranspiration is EmMR＝ETi×Si×UEVET。
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CN117474207B (en) * 2023-11-08 2024-04-26 北京师范大学 Accounting method for greening carbon sink of railway side slope and station area

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